Works Cited

Primary Sources
Adylance, Betsy. Letter from Betsy, a child with diabetes. 1946. Library and Archives Canada.
Web. 7 Dec. 2015. <http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/physicians/030002-150-e.php?
uid=030002-nlc012101&uidc=recKey>. This primary source postcard was useful to us.
This source helped us realize all of the people Banting helped in his discovery, and how
grateful they are for him. This source can be used on our website as a picture, to represent
the encounter he had with people after his discovery.
Banting, Frederick, and C. H. Best. The Internal Secretion of the Pancreas [The Internal
Secretion of the Pancreas]. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 7.5 (1922):
251-66. PDF file. This useful primary source helped us understand the exact process
Banting used to create the substance. It also helped us understand what he went through,
who his assistants were, what kinds of tools and things he used, and the effects it had on
people after the discovery was made. It gave us an idea of what tests he did on animals
and what happened to them when he did it.
Captain Banting Portrait. Canadian Diabetes Association. Canadian Diabetes Association,
2016. Web. 19 Jan. 2016. <http://www.diabetes.ca/about-cda/banting-house/captainbanting-war-hero>. This photo of Banting helped us get a mental picture of what he
looked like during the war. We used it on our website to show that Banting served in the
war, which we used on our Background Information page.
Cases before and after Insulin Treatment. Wellcome Trust. WordPress.com, 2016. Web. 24 Jan.
2016. <http://blog.wellcome.ac.uk/2011/11/14/wellcome-image-diabetes/l0031615-casesbefore-and-after-insulin-treatment/>. This primary source photograph helped us get a

good understanding of how much Bantings discovery really did affect people. This photo
also will give the reader that kind of idea. It is used on our Exchange page because it
shows that Banting exchanged his discovery with the people suffering from diabetes.
Doisy, E. A., Micheal Somogyi, and P. A. Shaffer. Some Properties of an Active Constituent of
Pancreas (Insulin) [Some Properties of an Active Constituent of Pancreas (Insulin)].
Proceedings of the American Society of Biological Chemists. 6.1 (1922): 31-32.
HathiTrust Digital Library. Web. 25 Jan. 2016. <http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?
id=mdp.39015070158822;view=1up;seq=33>. We used this source because it went into
depth about the experiments Best and Banting did. It helped us understand the steps that
they took to create insulin.
Frederick Banting (1891-1941) and Charles Best (1899-1978). Brought to Life. science
museum, 2016. Web. 20 Jan. 2016.
<http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/people/frederickbanting.aspx>. This
picture gave us a mental picture of Banting and Best together, while they were working.
It is used on our Encounter page, to show who Banting encountered during his research
and experiments.
Frederick G. Banting - Nobel Lecture: Diabetes and Insulin. Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB
2014. Web. 3 Dec 2015.
<http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1923/banting-lecture.html>
This primary source was very useful to us for many reasons. For one, it showed his
exchange of ideas with other people due to the fact that it is a Nobel prize lecture. It also
gave us a quote which is good for our website.

Frederick G. Banting - Biographical. Nobel Prize.org. Nobel Media AB, 2016. Web. 20 Jan.
2016. <http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1923/bantingbio.html>. This photo of Banting gave us an idea of what he looked like and what kind of
person he was. This gives the reader a mental picture of him, which helps the reader
understand the topic better.
Frederick Grant Banting. SIRS Discoverer. ProQuest, 2015. Web. 15 Dec. 2015.
<http://discoverer.prod.sirs.com/discoweb/disco/do/article?urn=urn%3Asirs%3AUS
%3BARTICLE%3BART%3B0000320618>. This source provided us with a picture for
our website. This will give us a visual of Banting for our website
Gildon, Bradford. E-mail interview. 25 Jan. 2016. This interview helped us get an idea of how
much Bantings discovery still helps people today. It showed us how with the discovery
diabetics arent limited in what they can do, like they were before the discovery was
made. We used a quote from this interview on the exchange page, to show how Banting
exchanged his discovery with people everywhere.
John Macleod - Biographical. Nobel Prize. Nobel Media, n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2016.
<http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1923/macleod-bio.html>.
We used this photo on our website to show who Macleod was.
Leonard Thompson: First patient to receive insulin in Toronto. Brought to Life. Science Museum,
2016. Web. 19 Jan. 2016.
<http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/people/leonardthompson.aspx>. This
picture gave us an idea of who Leonard Thompson was, and how Banting saved his life.
It was used on our website on the exchange page because it showed how Banting
exchanged his discovery with other people, saving their lives.

Macleod, J. J. R., Prof. Part One- Phisiology. Insulin: Its Use in the Treatment of Diabetes. By
J. J. R. Macleod, Prof and W. R. Cambell. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1925. 2-19.
Vol. 6 of Medicine Monographs. Medicine Monographs. Hathitrust Digital Library. Web.
22 Jan. 2016. <http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?
id=coo.31924000282974;view=1up;seq=2>. This source helped us learn more about the
study of diabetes before Banting. It also explained more about how Banting discovered
insulin.
McMurrick, J. Playfair. The Story of Insulin and the Nobel Prizemen in Medicine for 1923.
Science Progress in the Twentieth Century (1919-1933) 18.72 (1924): 609615. Web...
We used this journal to learn the history behind diabetes before Banting even started
researching diabetes. This journal also explained the steps that Banting took towards his
discovery.
Medical Research in Important Discovery [Medical Research in Important Discovery].
University of Toronto Monthly 1922: 346-47. HathiTrust. Web. 27 Jan. 2016.
<http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015068540809;view=1up;seq=20>. This
source helped us understand just how many people it took to create insulin. It also helped
us understand the science behind how Banting made insulin.
Osborne, Emily. Personal interview. 22 Jan. 2016. This interview helped us get an idea of how
Frederick Bantings discovery has helped people today. This helps the reader realize that
Bantings discovery was a very important one, meaning it still helps people live today,
even thought Banting is now dead. Our interview helped us in many other ways in well,
for example, it gave us one person whos life was affected by the great discovery Banting
made.

The Story of Insulin. Canadian Medical Association Journal 20.1 (1929): 6465. Print. This
primary source was useful to us because it showed us what Bantings process was. It also
described what Bantings thoughts were during the process. It gave us a good quote to use
on our website, which is useful for the reader because it helps them understand the topic
better.
This was the laboratory in which Banting and Best carried out some of their research in 1921-22
and is commemorated as the laboratory where insulin was discovered. The University of
Toronto laboratory space was given to Frederick Banting by Professor John J.R. Macleod
in 1921 for his research on the pancreas and diabetes. Banting described the space,
saying, the place where we were operating was not fit to be called an operating room.
Aseptic work had not been done in it for some years. The floor could not be scrubbed
properly or the water would go through on the laboratories below... There were dirty
windows above the unsterilizable wooden operating table. The operating linen consisted
of towels with holes in them. Despite the working conditions, Banting and Best were
able to make medical history with the discovery of the first effective treatment for
diabetes. Living History. U of Toronto, 2016. Web. 20 Jan. 2016.
<http://livinghistory.med.utoronto.ca/artifact/frederick-bantings-laboratory>. This
photograph of Bantings laboratory helped us realize what the place he was working in
looked like and the conditions in the room. It is used on the Exploration page of our
website because it shows where Banting and Best did all of their exploring.

Secondary Sources

Animas Vibe: Designed for Instant Insight. Animas Canada. LifeScan Canada, 2015. Web.
24 Jan. 2016. <http://www.animas.ca/sites/default/files/images/products/vibesbanner.jpg>. This picture gives us an idea of what Bantings research has led to today,
and the discoveries that were made in present day. This shows the reader that Bantings
discovery has been expanded upon, and that new technology is being created because of
the discovery Banting made.
Barrett, Eugene J., and Nora A. Barrett. Diabetes. World Book Advanced. World Book, 2015.
Web. 8 Dec. 2015. This article helped us understand the science behind diabetes.
Davis, Audrey B. Best, Charles Herbert. World Book. 2001 ed. Vol. 2. Chicago: World Book,
2001. 274. Print. This article helped us learn about Charles Best, Bantings partner.
The Discovery of Insulin. Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 20 Nov 2015.
<http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/insulin/discovery-insulin.html> This
article gave us a deeper understanding of our topic. It described the whole process that
Banting went through to get to the discovery. It also describes what Banting did to test
the insulin that he discovered. It says what he did before he tested on humans, and what
he did when he tested on humans.
Frederick Banting. Scientists: Their Lives and Works. Detroit: UXL, 2006. Research in
Context. Web. 17 Dec. 2015. This source gave us lots of background information about
Banting, telling us who his parents were and if he had any siblings.
Frederick Banting (1891-1941) and Charles Best (1899-1978). Brought to Life: Exploring the
History of Medicine. sciencemuseum, 2015. Web. 20 Nov. 2015.
<http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/people/frederickbanting.aspx>. This
secondary source showed us what Bantings successes were in life, and showed the steps

he took when exploring the discovery of insulin. It also proved to us that Banting worked
with someone else, which was new information for us.
Frederick G. Banting - Biographical. Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 23 Nov
2015. <http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1923/bantingbio.html> This article gave us an idea of Frederick Bantings early life and of his career
in the army and his painting. It also described his receiving of a Nobel Prize, and who got
it with him. Lastly it said about his life other than as a scientist, meaning his kids and his
wife.
History of Diabetes. Canadian Diabetes Association. Canadian Diabetes Association, 2015.
Web. 23 Nov. 2015. <http://www.diabetes.ca/about-diabetes/history-of-diabetes>. This
secondary source gave us an idea of what happened before, during, and after insulin was
created. Since this source is a timeline, it gave us dates for all of the events.
The Invention of Insulin. Science Channel. Science Channel, n.d. Web. 7 Dec. 2015.
<http://www.sciencechannel.com/tv-shows/greatest-discoveries/videos/100-greatestdiscoveries-the-invention-of-insulin/>. We used this source because it went more into
detail about the journey of creating insulin. This visual representation also helped us
understand the topic.
Levine, I. E. The Discoverer of Insulin. New York, NY: Simon, 1959. Print. This secondary
source book helped us in many ways. It describes Bantings influences for creating
insulin, which is not written in many other sources. Also, it went into a lot of detail about
what Bantings process, his ideas, and all of the things that occurred after this discovery
was made. This source also provided direct quotes from Banting, which is helpful to use
on the website.

Mueckler, Michael. Insulin. World Book Advanced. World Book, 2015. Web. 8 Dec. 2015. This
article helped us know what happens when insulin has been admitted into the body. It
also helped us understand the thought process Banting used when creating insulin.
Samples of insulin from the early days of the drugs development. PBS Newshour. NewsHour
Productions, 2016. Web. 24 Jan. 2016. <http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/how-adying-boy-became-the-first-to-beat-diabetes/>. This photo helped us picture what the
creation Banting found looked like. It is used on the exploration page of our website
because the insulin there was found after Banting explored.
Silverstein, Alvin, Virginia B. Silverstein, and Laura Silverstein Nunn. The Diabetes Update.
Berkeley Heights: Enslow, 2006. Print. This book helped us in all topics of our website. It
told us what diabetes was, in a very detailed manor. Also, it had lots of information on
Frederick Banting which will be useful on our website.
Sir Frederick Banting [Sir Frederick Banting]. Library and Archives Canada. Library and
Archives Canada, n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2015.
<http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/physicians/030002-2000-e.html>. We used this
source to find background knowledge. Also, we used this just to understand the steps it
took for Banting to arrive at his discovery.
Sir Frederick Grant Banting. Historica Canada. Canadian Encyclopedia, 2015. Web. 20 Nov.
2015. <http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sir-frederick-grant-banting/>.
This secondary source article helped us get a strong grip on the main idea of our topic. It
showed us how Banting was important in history and gave us lots of useful information.

Smith, Dale C. Banting, Sir Frederick Grant. World Book Advanced. World Book, 2015. Web.
7 Dec. 2015. This source helped us get basic information about Banting. It also helped us
get names and dates that are important to this discovery.
Type 1 Diabetes. American Diabetes Association. American Diabetes Association, 2015. Web.
14 Dec. 2015. <http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/type-1/?
referrer=https://www.google.com/>. This source helped us get an understanding of what
diabetes is, and how people live with it today. It also gave us an idea of the science
behind the disease, and that will be put on our website as a tab.
What Is Diabetes? International Diabetes Federation. International Diabetes Federation, 2015.
Web. 22 Jan. 2016. <http://www.idf.org/worlddiabetesday/toolkit/gp/what-is-diabetes>.
This photo helped us figure out what diabetes is, and gives a good visual of how diabetes
works in the body. It gives the reader a good amount of background information on
diabetes, and helps them understand Bantings process. It was used on our What is
Diabetes? page on our website.
World Book. 2007 ed. Vol. 2. 2007. Print. This source was useful for background knowledge. It
was also used for us to get a feel for the topic and learn a little bit about the him.