FINAL TEST

LINGUISTICS RESEARCH METHOD

ANALYSIS OF ISOLECT MALAY JAMBI SEBERANG
MUARO JAMBI, KOTA KAMBI

Arranged by:
Arnetania Febryna
Mutiara
Rahmat Hidayat
Susi Kasmawati
Uswatun Hasanah
Submitted to:
DR. Diana Rozelin., SS., MA

FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES

THE STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES
SULTHAN THAHA SAIFUDDIN JAMBI
2015

INTODUCTION
A. Background of The Research
In the modern era, the regional languages seem began to disappear
from us. Children, teenagers, students are expected to cultivate the languages
of their respective regions, was more interested in civilizing languages or
dialects today. Such as: loe, gue, nyokap, bokap and ect. Language is
something that is important for the progress of a country. However, we should
not forget the culture. Language is a culture, a nation will not be known
without culture. Culture is the identity of a nation.
Language

is

also

the

identity

of

people

or

society.

State of Indonesia is a country that consists of various islands, race, ethnicity,

and culture. Wealth, making Indonesia the different countries and recognized
by other countries. Cultural differences between Indonesian society must be
maintained and cultivated.
In the globalization era, technology has developed very good.
Technological developments are also followed by the development and
progress of a country. If we want to master the technology, then mastering the
language. Why? With language we can access all the information, learn where
and receipts any language with ease. Technology is important. With
technology we can learn all sorts of language through the Internet or other
media. Technological developments are expected to cultivate languages, the
culture that we have.
Inside there is a language whose name dialogue / dialect. Dialects vary
between regions. Definition of dialect by Oxford: dialect is form of

language usd in part of country. The dialect of the definition, it can be

concluded that the dialect is part of the language used by the world
community, in every country or region has their dialect and it may be a
characteristic and distinguishing between one region to other regions.
According to Andiopenta : Dialek adalah variasi bahasa dari
sekelompok penutur yang jumlahnya relatif, yang berada pada suatu tempat

wilayah atau area tertentu. In this variety of language that used with group
of society in a region and member it is relative.
From the above explanation explains that the dialect is also part of the
language that is used in each region across the country, cities and villages.
That explains why the dialect and language that is very important.
Indonesian has the language differences between regions. Such as
Jambi, Jambi is a province that is rich in culture and language or dialect
differences between regions. A variety of dances typical of the region Jambi be
an interesting thing. Example: Traditional dance: Sekapur Sirih. The dance,
very popular and characteristic culture of Jambi. In addition to dance, dialects
among the areas that have the diversity, it is very interesting to learn.
Differences in dialects between regions is characteristic of the area.
Across the city of Jambi, which consists of several villages, have different
dialects or languages. As in the village Kedemangan, Rangas Bandung and
Sekernan. Three villages, has a different dialect. In this proposal, the author
will explain about the dialects of what is often used by the villages and what
are the differences between the dialects of the village.
B. Formulation of The Reseacrh
Based on the above, the author makes the following formulation of the
research. :
1. What is the status isolects used in the area Across the city of Jambi,
especially in the village of Kedemangan, Rengas Bandung and
Sekernan?
2. What percentage of lexical differences of the that villages?
C. Limition of The Research
Based on the formulation of the research above, the purpose to
undertake this work are as follows:
1. To determine the status isolects used in the area Muaro Jambi, especially
in the village of Kedemangan, Rengas Bandung, and Sekernan.
2. To determine the percentage p lexical difference between the three areas of
the other regions.

D. Limitation of The Research

In this study, the authors make the boundary problem and the focus of
the problem only with respect to the dialect in the village Kedemangan,
Rengas Bandung and Sekernan.

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Review of Literature
Research on the Malay dialect Jambi has been done by the another
people, our brother and sister of seventh semester sits now. Research about
isolects Jambi wilt is done on the basis of fulfilling the task of the end of the
course Linguistic Research Method. Based with isolects studies, languages,
and dialects of Malay Jambi also done by many researchers to date.
In accordance with the results of previous literature review as
described above, this study conducted a study done on the basis of the end of
the course to fulfill the task Reseacrh Linguistic Method.
B. Teoretical Framework
a. Dialect
According to Diana in her research, bahasa dan dialek adalah dua
bagian yang tidak dapat dipisahkan. Bahasa adalah alat atau perwujudan
budaya yang digunakan oleh manusia untuk saling berkomunikasi atau
berhubungan, baik melalui lisan, tulisan, maupun isyarat. According to
Michel (in Marmanto, 2010:33) in Dianas research, there are some functions
of language that can be seen from several aspects, that is:
1. Dilihat dari sudut penutur, bahasa itu berfungsi personal, si penutur
menyatakan sikap terhadap apa yang dituturkannya, si penutur bukan
hanya mengungkapkan emosi lewat bahasa, tetapi juga memperlihatkan
emosi itu sewaktu menyampaikan tuturannya, dalam hal ini pihak si
2.

pendengar juga dapat menduga sipenutur sedih, marah atau gembira;

Dilihat dari segi pendengar atau lawan bicara, bahasa itu berfungsi
direktif yaitu mengatur tingkah laku pendengar, maksudnya si pendengar

3.

melakukan sesuatu sesuai apa yang diinginkan oleh si pembicara;

Dilihat dari segi kontak antara penutur dan pendengar,bahasa bersifat
interpersonal atau interaction, yaitu berfungsi menjalin hubungan,
memelihara, memperlihatkan perasaan, bersahabat atau solidaritas sosial
(bisa berupa senyuman, geleng kepala, dan sebagainya);

4.

Dilihat dari segi topik tujuan, bahasa itu berfungsi referensial ada juga
yang menyebutkannya fungsi denotatif atau fungsi informatif,di sini
bahasa itu berfungsi sebagai alat untuk membicarakan peristwa yang ada

disekeliling penutur atau yang ada dalam budaya pada umumnya;

5. Dilihat dari segi kode yang digunakan, bahasa itu berfungsi sebagai
metalingual atau metalinguistik (Jakobson 1960, Finnochiaro 1974),
6.

bahasa tersebut digunakan untuk membicarakan bahasa itu sendiri;

dilihat dari segiamanat (message) yang akan disampaikan maka bahasa
itu berfungsi imajinatif (Halliday, 1973), sedangkan Jacobson (1960)
menyebutnya sebagai Poetic Speech, karena sesungguhnya bahasa itu
dapat digunakan untuk menyampaikan pikiran, gagasan, dan perasaan
baik sebenarnya maupun yang imajinatif.
Chambers and Trudgill (1998: 3) said that language is a collection of

mutually intelligible dialects. Language is a collection of dialects are

mutually comprehensible, so that this definition has the advantage of dialect
as a subsection of the languages that have the criteria to differentiate between
one language to another language. Thus, it refers to the variations of dialect
that is grammatically, lexical, and phonological variation is different from the
others.
Chambers andTrudgill (1998: 3) in their book Dialectology in Dianas
Research said that pada saat awal kemunculan bidang kajian ini, dialek
sering dikaitkan dengan bahasa yang berstatus rendah, bentuk-bentuk
bahasayang kasar, kelas pekerja dan kelompok-kelompok masyarakat yang
berstatus ekonomi rendah. Dialek juga merupakan istilah yang sering
digunakan untuk merujuk bahasa yang digunakan pada daerah-daerah yang
terisolir dan tidak memiliki bentuk bahasa tulis. Penelitian yang
berhubungan dengan dialek untuk pertama kali dilakukan oleh Georg
Wenker pada tahun 1876, yang meneliti dialek-dialek di daerah Jerman.
Dialectrefers to varieties which are grammatically (and perhaps
lexically) as well as phonologically different from other varieties. If two
speakers say, respectively, I done it last night and I did it last night, we can

say that they are speaking different dialects. (Chambers dan Trudgill,
1998:5). Dialect differences within a language can be seen in the difference
grammatically or phonology.
Dialek merupakan variasi bahasa yang memiliki sistem lingual
tersendiri, dipakai oleh sekelompok penutur di tempat tertentu, tetapi di
antara kelompok penutur itu dengan kelompok lainnya masih terdapat
pemahaman timbal balik satu dengan yang lainnya, (Kisyani, 2009: 6).
Adanya saling memahami antarkelompok saat mereka melakukan komunikasi
tentunya karena dialek-dialek yang digunakan oleh penutur berada di bawah
satu payung bahasa yang sama. Dengan kata lain, ciri penting suatu dialek
adalah adanya mutual intelligible (saling dapat memahami) antara
pembicara dan mitra wicara, apabila kedua belah pihak tidak saling
mengerti (mutual unintelligible) terhadap topik yang sedang dibicarakan, ini
merupakan bahasa yang berdiri sendiri (Sumarsono dan Partana, 2002: 2122).
Dialect and language are two different sides. Dialects are part of the
language but the language is not part of the dialect. The language itself may
consist of several dialects. Language always the superordinate and dialect
the subordinate term. X is a dialect of language Y, or Y has the dialects X and
Z(Haugen, 2003: 116). So there is a possibility of Malay dialects in the
village Kademangan, Sekernan, and Rengas Bandung, a subordinate of
dialect Malay Jambi.
The study compared three groups of people who came from three
different villages in the area opposite the city of Jambi using techniques
dialektometri.
According to Diana in her research dialektometri introduced by Jean
Seguy (1973) in the essay entitled La Dialectometrie dans latlas Linguistique
de la Gascogne. Revier in (Ayatrohaedi, 1983: 32) said that dialektometri
adalah ukuran secara statistik dipergunakan untuk melihat berapa jauh
perbedaan dan persamaan kosakata yang terdapat di tempat-tempat yang
diteliti dengan membandingkan sejumlah bahan yang terkumpul dari tempat
yang diteliti tersebut. The formula used for calculating dialektometri are:

(S x 100)
_______ = d %
n
Notes:
S= the amount of vocabulary or lexicon are different
n = number of maps were compared
d = distance in percentage vocabulary.
Percentage results in the observation area correlated with percentage
calculations isolects status to determine its position in the structure of
language. Guiter (in Ayatrohaedi, 1983: 32), calculation in the field of
lexicon, namely:
81% and above: considered differences in (BL)
51- 80%: considered different dialects (BD)
31-50%: considered the difference subdialek (BS)
20 -30%: considered differences in speech(BW)
under 20%: considered no difference.
Differences in the field of phonology:
17% and above: considered differences in language (BL)
12- 16%: considered different dialects (BD)
8-11%: considered the difference subdialek (BS)
4-7%: considered differences in speech (BW)
0-3%: considered no difference.
The explanation shows that there are two (2) formula, the formula
dialektometri lexical and phonological dialektometri formula. Dialektometri
lexical a distance calculations based on different lexical vocabulary.
Dialektometri phonological a distance calculations based on differences in
phonological vocabulary. However, in this study, the authors focused
research to distinguish lexical dialektometri the three villages (Kedemangan,
Rengas Bandung, and Sekernan).
According to Daianas Research, prinsip umum dalam perhitungan
dialektometri ini adalah pertama, apabila pada sebuah daerah pengamatan

dikenal lebih dari satu bentuk untuk satu makna dan salah satu di antaranya
dikenal di daerah pengamatan lain yang diperbandingkan, perbedaan itu
dianggap tidak ada (-) atau (0); kedua, apabila di daerah pengamatan yang
dibandingkan itu, salah satu di antaranya tidak memiliki bentuk sebagai
realisasi suatu makna tertentu, dianggap ada perbedaan (+) atau (1); This
principle was stated by Mahsun (1995: 119) and Nadra (2009: 96). The
principle is used as the main reference in the study.
b.

Phonology
One study of science which deals with the sound system in the human
language are Phonology. The goal is to formulate the universality of
language, ie find the basic characteristics of human speech sounds. Jeffers
dan Lehiste (1979:35) expalined that salah satu kajian yang membahas
tentang perubahan bunyi disebut dengan fonologi.
According to Robins (1975:17) in Dianas Research is concerned with
te patterns and organization of languages in terms of the phonetic features
and categories involved, whereas phonology according to Mc Manis
(1987:81) is concerned with how these sounds are systematically organized
in a language, how they are combined to form words, how they are
categorized by and interpreted in, the minds of speakers. Sounds are
arranged systematically in a language. According to Lass (1991: 3) fonologi
itu mempunyai tugas ganda: (a) mengkaji sifat keberadaan bunyi atau
pemberian lambang inti formal bahasa dan (b) menghubungkan lambang
bunyi dengan bentuknya, yaitu menentukan tempatnya dalam hubungan
dengan aspek-aspek lain dari keseluruhan deskripsi. Thus, in the structure
of the language, sounds either stand-alone or joined with other sounds
basically has meaning.
In Dianas Research, Nadra dan Reniwati (2009: 23-28) dividing the
elements of language that shows the variation, thats: (1) unsur fonologis, (2)
unsur morfologis, (3) unsur leksikal, (4) unsur sintaksis, dan (5) unsur
semantik. This research focus is on the elements of phonological, lexical and
morphological elements, it is confirmed by Nadra and Reniwati (2009: 51)
that in writing dialectology, elements of phonology, lexicon and is considered

adequate to describe the variety of languages. However, calculated and

distinguished merely lexical differences.
Lexical variation is a variation or difference of language contained in
the field of the lexicon, the sounds come from different proto. Lexical
associated with the word, lexeme, and lexicon. Makna leksikal adalah
makna yang terkandung dalam sebuah kata yang bersifat tetap dan kata
tersebut memiliki referen (Subroto, 2011: 31).
Examples of lexical or different lexical variation is the word USUS.
The word that came up was [isi pert] used by village groups Rengas
Bandung and Sekernan. While the word [uss] used by the groups:
Kedemangan village..
C. Framework
Jambi Malay community studied were group or village is district of
Muaro Jambi, the Village Kedemangan, Rengas Bandung and Sekernan.
Jambi Malay community is seen heir trelatives through 176 glossed said.
This verification is done by using the technique dialektometri. Through
this technique known whether isolects currently used by the Malay
community groups across the region including Jambi in different languages,
dialects, subdialek, speech, or no difference. In addition, verification and
analysis of the data also viewed mapping lexicon of each DP, BL, BS, SD,
and BW. Three villages have a close distance. The third position is adjacent
villages.

CHAPTER 3
METHOD OF RESEARCH
A. Place and Time of The Research
1. Place
This research was conducted in the province of Jambi, especially in
the district of Muara Jambi: Kedemangan Village, Bandung and village
Rengas Sekernan), all located in the district of Muaro Jambi (Jambi City
Seberang).
2. Time
The research was conducted for 2 weeks starting from 1 October to
October 14, 2015.
B. Kind of Research
This type of research there are two (2) ie quantitative research and
qualitative research. This study used interchangeably. In the early stages using
quantitative research to determine the status of each DP isolects compared.
The second stage uses qualitative research to describe the data associated with
the lexical data.
According to Researchs Diana explained thats:
First, penelitian kuantitatif adalah penelitian yang berlandaskan pada
filsafat positivisme.Penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk meneliti populasi
atau sampel tertentu, pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen penulisan,
analisis data bersifat statistik dengan tujuan untuk menguji asumsi yang
telah ditetapkan(Sugiyono, 2011:8). This philosophy of positivism in the
field looking at the phenomenon as something that can be measured and can
be used as a starting point of writing.
Penelitian kuantitatif sering juga disebut dengan positivistik atau metode
tradisional, karena kemunculannya lebih dahulu dibandingkan dengan
penelitian kualitatif yang biasa disebut dengan metode baru. Penelitian
kuantitatif berupaya menguraikan suatu fenomena terbatas secara objektif
dan menentukan kontrol terhadap fenomena (yang dilakukan) melalui
intervensi (Muhammad, 2011:19). Thus, this study tested the initial
assumptions found in the field.

Quantitative research using comparative method, namely the calculation

results of data found in the field were compared between one village to
another located in Seberang city of Jambi, Muaro Jambi, Jambi. Dalam
kajian tipologi bahasa, metode komparatif digunakan untuk mengamati
persamaan dan perbedaan tipe bahasa-bahasa di dunia berdasarkan kajian
struktur berbagai tataran kebahasaan secara sinkronis (Fernandez, 1993: 23).
Techniques used in quantitative research is dialektometri technique that
aims to determine the status of the Malay isolects in Seberang city of Jambi.
The determination of these controls associated with the numbers
corresponding to the data in the field. These figures serve to reinforce the
relations of kinship three villages.
Second, Qualitative research using comparative methods with the aim to
describe and compare the facts of language that occurs in isolects Malay
Jambi in Jambi City Seberang.
Penelitian kualitatif mendeskripsikan data real di lapangan (secara
alamiah) dengan memperlihatkan kondisi bahasa dan kosakata yang
diucapkan oleh informan secara langsung saat wawancara ataupun dalam
kegiatan keseharian mereka. Data yang dikumpulkan tersebut merupakan
kumpulan kata dan bukan rangkaian angka (Miles dan Huberman, 1992: 15).
Penelitian kualitatif juga bermaksud untuk mengkaji permasalahan yang
dialami oleh informan baik itu berupa perilaku, budaya, bahasa, motivasi,
dan sebagainya. Fenomena tersebut dideskripsikan ke dalam bentuk katakata dalam konteks yang alamiah (Moleong, 2007:6).
C. Source of Data Analysis
Data were obtained from selected informants. This linguistic data in the form
of phonemes, lexicon, and morpheme. Data can also be referred to as bahan
penelitian atau lebih tepatnya bahan jadi penelitian (Sudaryanto, 1990: 9).
The collected data included in the tabulation, so that data is stored properly.
According diana in research, data sources This study consists of four
parts: "Sources (informants), event or activity, place or location, documents

and archives" (Sutopo, 1996: 48-51). This study uses only sources
(informants), place or location, documents and archives as a data source.
First, sources (informants). Informants are people who provide
information. The position of the informants in this study is very important,
because the informant is a person who provides important information,
research needs. Informants were chosen the Kedemangan (Mr. Amin,
Chairman of RT. 7), Village Rengas Bandung (H. Rozali, Chaiman
Indigenous) and Sekernan (Sukamto, Kin Village Head) of each village that
studied.
Second, place. DP third residence location is across from the city of
Jambi. Moreover, style or shape of the house into a home of their overall
shape of the stage. The geographical position of the location is also used as
supplementary information in the study.
Third, documents and archives. The document is written material which
may include books, monographs or previous research related to language.
Note recordings that are formal and deliberate about the language or also
called the archive will be used in this study. Note recordings in the form
vocabularies collected from three informants.
Informants related to population and sample. Population and sample is
the object of research when researchers went into the field. Population is a
comprehensive collection of objects to the attention of researchers. To
determine the informant used the concept. Spradley (1980:12) in Dianas
Research saidthat

informan is King. The informant was the one who

helped me to get an informant data.Pada principle it must understand the

problems that are needed. Prior to conducting interviews, researchers gave an
overview to the informant about his research and what to look for, so the
informant knows what is desired by the researcher.
Informants who have chosen must meet the specified criteria. Chambers
and Trudgill (1998: 33) said the majority of informants has in all cases
consisted of nonmobile, older, and rural males. Itis balace with Mahsun
(2005:134), there are:
1. Manifold male or female; in the writing of this information is male.
2. Aged between 25-65 years (not dementia);

3. Parents, wives, from informants born and raised in the village and
rarely or never left his village; informant and his family are the
original residents of the village.
4. Have pride isoleknya.
5. Can the Indonesian language; at this point are preferred is that they
understand the Malay dialect Jambi, although not perfectly.
6. Physically and mentally healthy.

The sampling technique used in this research is purposive sampling

technique. According to Sugiono Dianas Research, Teknic purposive
sampling is making techniques, who did not give an opportunity or equal
opportunity for each element or member of the population to be elected as
informants ". In this technique, the selection of the informants to carry out
certain considerations. Consideration in question is the one who has the
highest office in the village.
D. Technique Of Data Collection
Various sources of data in this study requires data collection
techniques are needed, so as to answer the questions in the study. In
collecting the data, researchers use interviewing techniques, records and
questionnaires.
Techniques associated with the method. According to Goetz and
Lecompte in (Sutopo, 1996: 55-65) data collection methods can be
grouped into two (2) ways: method of interactive and non-interactive
methods.

Interactive

methods

of interviewing

and

observation

techniques include passive role, while the non-interactive methods

include questionnaires and recording techniques. This study uses
interview techniques, records and questionnaires.
a. Interview.
Interviews were conducted in this research is interview arrangement
made open-ended questions, no pressure and not to chase the target, goes
the familiar atmosphere and full of friendship. This interview is more
humanistic and flexible, the more important is openness between

researcher and researched, in order to explore the views of informants

studied about vocabulary isolects Jambi Malay Opposite to be used as a
foothold in this study. Interviews are underway not only alone with
informants but also accompanied by some relatives or village head so
that when the informant forgot or wrong, they were reminded.
b. Questionnaire.
The questionnaire is a list of questions for pengumpulkan data in the
field. Questionnaire in this study is done directly where the researcher
read the questions and answers are recorded informants directly by
researchers

in

the

questionnaire

that

has

been

provided.

c. Recording
Record, cameras can be tools, photographs and recording tool that serves
to record the interview in progress. If there are problems in gathering
data through questionnaires, the researchers can check the validity of the
data back through a recording device that has been done before.
This recording technique aims to facilitate researchers in analyzing data
or verify data or to check the validity of the data when researchers feel
hesitant or unsure with vocabulary that is being analyzed. Recording
must be made carefully and inserted into the data tabulation. Accuracy in
recording the vocabulary spoken by the informant is very important.
Careful examination of the data by allowing researchers to obtain valid
data and realiable.
E. Technique of Data Analysis
Diana based research, data analysis technique is an advanced stage after
the data were tabulated and classified. Data analysis is the process of
organize and sort the data into patterns, categories and unit basic outline that
can be found themes and working hypothesis can be formulated as suggested
by the data (Moleong, 2007: 248).
In the data analysis, this study uses comparative method. Then, the
technique used is the technique of appeal to equate circuit (HBS), a technique
to distinguish appeal circuit (HBB) and circuit techniques appeal to equate
the subject matter (HBSP) (Mahsun, 2005: 114) was used to analyze .Teknik
phonemes, lexicon, and morpheme , Implementation of the above methods

and techniques by means of identification forms become the realization of a

particular meaning for each DP.
F. Presentation of Results of Data Analysis Techniques
The next phase of the study is the presentation of the results of data
analysis is expected to generate rules. In the study diana, Mahsun view
(2005: 200) concerning the presentation of the results of the analysis of the
data, in line with the view Sudaryanto (2001: 144) that divides methods of
presenting these rules in two types, namely: formal and informal. The method
is a formulation with a formal presentation of signs and symbols. Signs
(symbols) and abbreviations associated in this study for example: the square
brackets [], and so on. Then, an informal presentation of the method is the
formulation with ordinary words. This method uses the words in describing
the results of the data analysis. Thus, this study used two methods.
G. Overview Of Research
Kedemangan village, Bandung Rengas and Sekernan village is the
village that goes to the District of Muaro Jambi. The three villages are not too
far from the bridge Auduri 1 which is one of the go access to cross the other
side of the stricken city of Jambi. These three villages are also located on the
edge of the highway. So access to the village is also not difficult. Although
the distance from the city of Jambi to the village takes approximately 30
minutes.
Below are some photos of informants when conducting interviews:

Image 1.1 The Chairman of RT 7 Kedemangan when interview

Image 1.2. The Chairman of RT 7 Kademangan After Interview

Image 1.3 The Chairman of Indigenous Village Rengas Bandung After Interview

imagr 1.4 Neighbors Village Head along the Village Head Sekernan in
the residence of Mr. Head Village at Interview

Image 1.5 after Interview

CHAPTER 4
FINDING AND ANALYSIS
A. Finding
This chapter discusses the identification of a dialect of Malay Jambi
Jambi province across the region that includes three villages namely
Kedemangan, Rengas Bandung and Sekernan.
Dialektrometri calculation is done based on 176 glossed used as
supporting data in the lexicon description of the differences between regions
observation. Overall data on three in Jambi is 528. The area (DP) includes the
village Kedemangan, Rengas Bandung and Sekernan. Data analysis found no
difference phonological glossed number 18, number 73 glosses lexical
differences, and zero (no difference) 83 glos number.
Based on the analysis of data different lexical and phonological
differences wither jambi have different results.
Results dialektometri to wither jambi lexical difference across the
province of Jambi between DP 1 and DP 3 is no difference.
Results dialektometri to wither jambi lexical difference across the
province of Jambi between DP 2 and DP 3 is different from speech.
B. Analysis
1. Identification isolects Opposite Malay Jambi By Lexical
Based on data collected by different lexical namely 73 glosses.
Lexical data has granting of a diverse, there is one gift from two
granting of, and the three granting of. In the table below zero the data
displayed and lexical differences. Zero data were not analyzed because
the data is the same for all DP, there is no difference. The details of the
amount for each type of difference are: Table 2.1 details Number Type
Lexical Differences Across Malay Jambi.
No.
1

Type
Differences
Lexical (73)

Number
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 16, 17, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 32,
33, 38, 39, 40, 42, 47, 48, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 66, 67,
71, 72, 74, 76, 81, 84, 86, 93, 95, 98, 102, 104, 105,
108, 109, 112, 118, 121, 127, 130, 134, 137, 140, 141,

142, 143, 146, 147, 148, 154, 155, 159, 160, 162, 163,
2

Zero (85)

165, 172, 175.

1, 9, 12,13, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 27, 31, 34, 35, 36, 37,
43, 44, 45, 46, 49, 51, 57, 65, 68, 69, 70, 73, 75, 77,
80, 82, 83, 85, 88, 89, 92, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 103,
106, 107, 111, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 119, 120, 122,
123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 131, 132, 133,135, 136, 138,
139, 144, 145, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 156, 157, 158,
161, 164, 166, 170, 171, 173, 174, 176, 177.

Lexical differences in this study using triangular calculations

dialektometri. Regions close and allow the group to perform communication
that is connected to the triangular map dialektometri. This mapping is used
to calculate the isolects status at each DP. DP mapping is 1: 2, DP 1: 3, and
DP 2: 3.
Observation area in Jambi there are three (3) Kedemangan village,
Rengas Bandung and Sekernan. Each village is represented by a single
informant.
Lexical data collected are compared with each other according to the
map. If one is similar to the giving of the gift from the other, that part is
considered not to have differences due to different lexical phonological
considered no difference (ignored). If one DP has two granting of which
one of them is the same as the DP are compared it is considered that there
is no difference. table:

Table 2.2 Data Across Different Lexical Malay Jambi

A
1

NO

GLOS

BILANGAN
Dua

Kedemangan
Amin

Rengas Bandung
H. Rozali

Sekernan
Sukamto

43 th

67 th

34 th

[duo]

[duo]

[duo k]

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
B
16

3
4
5
6
7
8
11
16
17
18
24
25
26
28

17
18

30
32

19

33

29

C
20
21

38
39

22

40

Tiga
Empat
Lima
Enam
Tujuh
Delapan
Sebelas
Enam puluh
Dua puluh lima
Enam puluh
Banyak
Sedikit
bagian (sebagian)
satu setengah
UKURAN
sehasta

[tigo]
[empt]
[limo]
[enam]
[tuh]
[lapan]
[sebelas]
[duo pulh limo]
[limo pulh]
[enam pulh]
[baak]
[dikIt]
[bagIan]
[sat seteah]

[tigo]
[empt]
[limo]
[enam]
[tuh]
[lapan]
[seblas]
[duo polh limo]
[limo polh]
[enam polh]
[belambn, baak]
[sedikIt]
[separh]
[teah duo]

[tigo k]
[empt k]
[limo k]
[enam k]
[tuh k]
[delapan]
[sebelas]
[duo puluh limo]
[limo pulh]
[enam pulh]
[belambn]
[seplt]
[separh/sebagIan]
[teah duo]

(seperempat depa) [seempat depo]

Kuintal
[kilo]
bahu, satu bahu
[bau]
(700 m)
satu patok (200

[sehasto]
[kilo]

[seasto]
[sepekl]

[sedepo]

[sebau]

m)
[satu pat]
MUSIM DAN WAKTU
Sejuk
[se]

[sebid]

[sek pat]

[se]

[se siap]
[pagI kelam/pagI

pagi buta

[mash sobh]

[sen]
[sor

buto]

Sore

[sor]

kemalaman]

[gelap/malam]

malam; ke-an

[malam]

[deat]

deat]
[la tigo arI/tigo arI

[tigo arI lal]

[bs]
[mig depan]
[tuh arI]
[tigo pulh arI]

[tigo arI lal]

[es]
[mig depan]
[semIgu]
[sbulan]
[tIgo polh enam]

lal]
[es]
[mig diadap]
[
[sbulan]

23

42

24

47

25
26
27
28
29

48
50
52
53
54

tiga hari yang lalu

Besok
minggu depan
tujuh hari
tiga puluh hari
tiga puluh enam

arI]

[sebulan nam arI]

66
67

hari
[tigo pulh enam arI]
BAGIAN TUBUH MANUSIA
gigi seri
[gigi seri]
gigi seri yang maju

[tare]

[tare]

(gingsul)

[or]

[or]

D
30
31

[gigi manc]

32
33
34
35

71
72
74
76

gigi rusak (hitam)

[gigi rusa]
geraham
[raha]
Lesung pipi
[lesu pipi]
pusat
arah
di

[gigi bol]
[geema]
[les ppt]

[gigi bol]
[geema]
[les ppt]

36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44

81
84
86
93
95
98
102
104
105

kepala
Tengkuk
Belikat
Payudara
Lengan
pergelangan tangan
ibu jari
Kelingking
telapak tangan
garis-garis telapak

[kisaran]
[kodh]
[belIkat]
[tt]
[lan]
[pegelaan]
[Indu taan]
[klk]
[tapa taan]

[kisaran]
[kodh]
[belIkat]
[tt]
[lan]
[pegelaan]
[indu taan]
[klk]
[tapa taan]

45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53

106
108
109
112
118
121
127
130
134

tangan
Tinju
Pantat
Paha
tulang betis
Usus
Tulang
Dubur
Bulu mata
Bulu diatas

[gars taan]
[kepal]
[burt]
[paho]
[tula ker]
[isi pert]
[tula ker]
[burt]
[bulu mato]
[bulu di atas tai

[gars taan]
[kepal]
[burt]
[paho]
[tula ker]
[isi pert]
[tula ker]
[burt]
[bulu mato]
[bulu di atas tai

54
55

lalat
137 bulu kuduk
140 Rambut/bulu

lalat]
[bulu kod]

lalat]
[bulu kod]

kemaluan
[embt]
141 bulu pada ibu jari

[embt]

[embt]

56

[bulu ari]
[ikal]
[ker]
[sis mekar]

[bulu ari]
ikal]
[ker]
[sis mekar]

[asar]
[kud]
[urat belIkat]
[susu]
[taan]
[gela taan]
[mpol]
[kelikI]
[telapa taan]
[garIs-garIs telapa

taan ]
[tinu]
[pantat]
[poho]
[tula bets]
[uss]
[tula]
[dubr]
[bulu mato]
tahi [bulu di atas tahi

kaki
rambut ikal
rambut lurus
kulit; kulit kering
warna hitam pada

lalat]
[bulu kud]

[bulu empl]
[kerIt]
[lurs]
[kult kre]

57
58
59
60

142
143
146
147

[tando]

[tando]

61

kulit sejak lahir

[tompl]
148 mayat (manusia);

[manyIt/bunta]

[manyIt/bunta]

62

bangkai
[melIat tula]
TUTUR SAPAAN DAN ACUAN
154 Kamu sekalian

63

155 Mereka

[kamu gegaloe]
[kawan kawan]

[kamu galoe/galo- [kamu galoe/galo[galoe]

[ora tu]

galoe]
[ora tu]

64

159 panggilan

untuk
[buda kecI]

[buda kecI]

65

gadis kecil, 5thn

[ade]
160 panggilan
untuk
gadis remaja
[
162 panggilan
untuk

[gads]

[gads]

66

[buda lana]

[buda lana]

67

laki-laki kecil; 5thn [ad]

163 panggilan
untuk
[cow]

[buaan]

[buaan]

laki-laki remaja
ISTILAH

68
69
70
71
72
73

KEKERABATAN
Ayah
Istri
Suami
Anak
Anak termuda
Kakak
laki-laki

[bapa]
[bini]
[laki]
[ana]
[ana busu]

[ayah/pa]
[binie]
[lakie]
[anak]
[ana busu]

[ayah/pa]
[binie]
[lakie]
[anak]
[ana palI kecI]

orang tua

[paman]

[uwak antan]

[uwak antan]

165
167
168
169
172
175

Table 2.2 shows the existence of a group that has one (1) and the granting
of two (2) granting of. Data altogether 73 different lexical glosses. The data
are then compared to one another based on a map of the triangle dialektometri.
DP being compared are considered to have proximity DP or groups that allow
for communication.
Lexical table above shows the difference between the lexicon-DP, for
example, the data number 165. (1) panggilan untuk laki-laki remaja, the
explanation is DP 1 [cow], DP 2 [buaan], DP 3 [buaan]. If the entire
lexicon in all HP together, then put in groups of no difference (zero) and were
not analyzed because they are the same. Example chart:

Panggilan untuk laki-laki remaja

DP 1

DP 2

DP 3

[cow]

[buaan]

[buaan]

Bagan (3.1) panggilan untuk laki-laki

Lexicon DP1 and DP2 difference (+) DP1 and DP 3 different (+),,
remaja
while the DP 2 and DP3 the same (-) no difference. This is slightly different
from the data chart 3.2 (54) TIGA PULUH ENAM HARI, the explanation is
DP 1 [tigo pulh enam arI], DP 2 [tIgo polh enam arI] and DP 3 [sebulan
nam arI]. Example chart:
TIGA PULUH ENAM HARI
DP 1
DP 2
DP 3
[tigo pulh enam arI] [tIgo polh enam arI] [sebulan nam arI]
Bagan 3.2 TIGA PULUH ENAM HARI
Lexicon DP1 and DP3 difference (+), while the lexicon DP 1 to DP 2
is deemed to be no different (-) for both the lexicon into the different
phonological, phonological different in different groups of lexical ignored or
considered equal. The difference is only 1 in the phoneme / u /, if more than 3
difference fonemnya then considered different lexical. Eg data chart 3.3 (71)
GIGI RUSAK, the explanation is DP 1 [gigi rusa], DP 2 [gigi bol and
DP 3 [gigi bol]. Example chart:

GIGI RUSAK
DP 1
[gigi rusa]

DP 2
[gigi bol]

DP 3
[gigi bol]

DP1RUSAK
and DP2 are included in different lexicon (+), nor on
BaganLexicon
(3.3) GIGI
the data DP 1 and DP 3 are considered different lexicon. This difference
occurs because there are four phonemes are not found in DP 3 namely:
/r/,/u/,/s,/a///. Furthermore, when a DP has two diamonds and one

beriannya found on other DP, then both DP is considered no different from

(-), for example, the chart data is 3.4 (24) BANYAK, the explanation is
DP 1 [baak], DP 2 [belambn], [baak] and DP 3 [belambn]. Example
chart:
BANYAK
DP 1
[baak]

DP 2
[belambn], [baak]

DP 3
[belambn]

Bagan (5.8) BANYAK

Lexicon DP 1 and DP 3 difference (+), while DP 2 which has two (2)
granting of the [belambn], [baak]. When compared with DP 2 DP 3 then
both DP was considered no different because one of the granting of the DP 2
found in DP 3. Thus, according to this explanation is different lexical analysis
Malay Across the city of Jambi in three (3) villages in the district of Muaro
Jambi as following:
Table 2.3 Calculation Results Lexical Differences Across Malay Jambi
Seberang

NO
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
B
16
17
18
19
C
20
21
22
23

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
11
16
17
18
24
25
26
28

24
25
26
27
28
29
D
30
31

47
48
50
52
53
54

32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

29
30
32
33
38
39
40
42

GLOS

DP
1:2

Bilangan
Dua
Tiga
Empat
Lima
Enam
Tujuh
Delapan
Sebelas
Enam Puluh
Dua Puluh Lima
Enam Puluh
Banyak
Sedikit
Bagian (Sebagian)
Satu Setengah

+
+
Ukuran
Sehasta (Seperempat Depa)
Kuintal
Bahu, Satu Bahu (700 M)
+
Satu Patok (200 M)
+
Musim Dan Waktu
Sejuk
Pagi Buta
+
Sore
+

1:3

2:3
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-

+
-

+
+
+
+

+
+

+
+
+

+
+
-

+
+
-

66
67

Malam; Ke-An
Tiga Hari Yang Lalu
Besok
Minggu Depan
Tujuh Hari
Tiga Puluh Hari
Tiga Puluh Enam Hari
Bagian Tubuh Manusia
Gigi Seri
Gigi
Seri
Yang
Maju

71
72
74
76
81
84
86
93
95
98
102
104
105
106
108
109
112
118
121

(Gingsul)
Gigi Rusak (Hitam)
Geraham
Lesung Pipi
Pusat Arah Di Kepala
Tengkuk
Belikat
Payudara
Lengan
Pergelangan Tangan
Ibu Jari
Kelingking
Telapak Tangan
Garis-Garis Telapak Tangan
Tinju
Pantat
Paha
Tulang Betis
Usus
Tulang

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

Results from each DPT whole different lexical applied using the formula
dialektometri, the result is the DP 1: 2 the result is 44.59%, DP 1: 3 the result
is 50.00%, and DP 2: 3 the result is 18.91%. As for the exposure by using the
following table: Table 2.4 Calculation OR Lexical Differences in Jambi.

NO.
1
2
3

No. DP
1:2
1:3
2:3

JUMLAH
33
37
14

%
44,59
50,00
18,91

BL
S
S
Not
Different

KETERANGAN:
S: different subdialek
D: different dialect
W: beda wicara

Based on Table 2.4 looks idiolect diverse identity of each DP in three

(3) Village Muaro Jambi. DP 1 as compared with DP 2 and DP 3; and DP 2
are compared with DP 3 is included not different. This shows the relation
between groups is still close kinship. Neither the identity isolects results
for DP 1 as compared to DP 2 and DP 1 to DP 3; including into different
subdialek. This shows the relation between groups is still close kinship.

CONCLUSION
1. From the analytical results obtained, said that of the 176 existing glosses
obtained 73 isolects stated lexical differences, 18 different phonology and
85 is zero.
2. The results of the overall difference lexical every DP dialektometri applied
using the formula, the result is the DP 1: 2 the result is 44.59%, DP 1: 3
the result is 50.00%, and DP 2: 3 the result is 18.91%. Visible isolects
diverse identity of each DP in three (3) Village Muaro Jambi. DP 1 as
compared with DP 2 and DP 3; and DP 2 are compared with DP 3 is
included not different. This shows the relation between groups is still close
kinship. Neither the identity isolects results for DP 1 as compared to DP 2
and DP 1 to DP 3; including into different subdialek. This shows the
relation between groups is still close kinship.