Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
free
point-to-point
communication.
However,
not
all
Proposed Microwave Link from San Rafael, Bulacan to Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija - WiMAX
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Proposed Microwave Link from San Rafael, Bulacan to Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija - WiMAX
|
effective access to Internet, WLL and other data services. Over time this will
help to grow the global economy and bring better lifestyles to all.
One of broadband wireless access system technologies is the
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access or just WiMAX. WiMAX is a
wireless digital communications system intended for wireless "metropolitan
area networks". WiMAX can provide broadband wireless access (BWA) up to
30 miles (50 km) for fixed stations, and 3 - 10 miles (5 - 15 km) for mobile
stations. It is a second-generation protocol that allows for more efficient
bandwidth use, interference avoidance, and is intended to allow higher data
rates over longer distances. In practical terms, WiMAX would operate similar
to WiFi but at higher speeds, over greater distances and for a greater number
of users. WiMAX could potentially erase the suburban and rural blackout
areas that curently have no broadband Internet access because phone and
cable companies have not yet run the nescesary wires to those remote
locations.
Proposed Microwave Link from San Rafael, Bulacan to Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija - WiMAX
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GENERAL OBJECTIVES
Design an effective and reliable microwave communication link
suitable to the specified application.
Ensure high standard output that is within the parameters of
microwave system.
Enhance the systems reliability through well planning and logical
analysis.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
Present the appropriate considerations in establishing a microwave
communication system in the specified areas.
Calculate and document the
distance,
antenna
height
orientation,
vertical
panning,
Proposed Microwave Link from San Rafael, Bulacan to Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija - WiMAX
|
The design gave a favorable opportunity for the author in gaining his
knowledge in the Microwave Communications Engineering. This also gave
him an experience and awareness in this field of specialization.
To the Society
This design presents a microwave point to point link that if thoroughly
considered and implemented would establish a Wimax connection between
the provinces of Bulacan and Nueva Ecija and would provide a high speed
internet access and other broadband related services.
To the Students
This design will serve as a reference or a guide for the students who
will be conducting their design with similar application.
frequency
allocation
table
provided
by
the
National
Telecommunications Commission.
The transmission path is a 50 km single hop and considered as a long
haul microwave system.
Proposed Microwave Link from San Rafael, Bulacan to Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija - WiMAX
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Proposed Microwave Link from San Rafael, Bulacan to Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija - WiMAX
|
Bulacan Province
Proposed Microwave Link from San Rafael, Bulacan to Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija - WiMAX
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Bulacan
(Filipino:
Bulakan)
(PSGC:
031400000;
ISO:
PH-BUL),
Geography
Proposed Microwave Link from San Rafael, Bulacan to Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija - WiMAX
|
Physical
Terrain
Bulacan lies in the southern portion of the fertile plains of Central
Luzon. The area is drained by the Angat and Pampanga rivers. The Sierra
Madre mountain range forms the highlands of Bulacan in the east. Angat
Lake, which was formed by the Angat Dam is located in that area. The
highest point in the province at 1,206 meters is Mount Oriod, part of the
Sierra Madre.
Proposed Microwave Link from San Rafael, Bulacan to Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija - WiMAX
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Climate
. The northeast monsoon (amihan) prevails from October to January
bringing in moderated and light rains. From February to April, the east trade
winds predominate but the Sierra Madre (Philippines) mountain range to the
east disrupts the winds resulting to a dry period. From May to September, the
southwest monsoon (habagat). The hottest month is May having an average
temperature of 29.7C while the coldest is February with an average
temperature of 25.1C.
Municipalities
Proposed Microwave Link from San Rafael, Bulacan to Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija - WiMAX
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Population
According to the 2007 census (as of August 1 of the same year), there
are a total of 2,826,926 Bulaqueos (or Bulakenyos) with annual population
growth rate of 3.27 from the year 2000 to 2007, making Bulacan the second
most populous province in the country. It is also the 4th most densely
populated province at 1,076 people per square kilometer. There are 588,693
Proposed Microwave Link from San Rafael, Bulacan to Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija - WiMAX
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households in the province with an average size of 4.8 persons. Bulacan had
a median age of 23 years in 2007.
Year
1948
1960
1970
1975
1980
1990
1995
2000
2007
Population by year
Population2
394,000
515,000
738,000
900,000
1,096,000
1,505,000
1,784,000
2,234,000
2,826,926
Economy
Industries
The province of Bulacan is steadily becoming industrialized due to its
proximity to Metro Manila. Many corporations put up industrial plants and
site in Bulacan. Some of the businesses and industries include Agribusiness;
Aquaculture; Banking; Cement Bag Making Ceramics; Construction; Courier;
Education; Food/Food Processing; Furniture; Garments; Gifts, Houseware &
Decors;
Hospitals;
Hotels,
Resorts
&
Restaurants;
Information
and
Proposed Microwave Link from San Rafael, Bulacan to Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija - WiMAX
|
Malolos City
Wakas, Bocaue
Bulacan Agro-Industrial
Subdivision - Calumpit
Agus Development
Corporation - Sta. Maria
Meridian Industrial
Compound - Meycauayan
Wakas, Bocaue
Proposed Microwave Link from San Rafael, Bulacan to Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija - WiMAX
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Bulacan got the top place for "LGU's with Highest Gross Income" (PhP
The province got the top place for "LGU's with Highest Gross
Report for Local Governments, the province's total gross income had
increased to PhP 1,965,633,000.00 (including the subsidies and extra items).
It's expenses had also increased to PhP 1,641,325,000.00, which brings a
total net income of PhP 324,308,000.00.
Education
Proposed Microwave Link from San Rafael, Bulacan to Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija - WiMAX
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San
Rafael is
1st
class municipality in
Built Up Area
Barangays
BMA-Balagtas
Diliman I
Banca-banca
Diliman II
Caingin
Capihan
Coral na Bato
Libis
Cruz na Daan
Lico
Dagat-dagatan
Maasim
Proposed Microwave Link from San Rafael, Bulacan to Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija - WiMAX
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Mabalas-balas
Pulong Bayabas
Maguinao
Salapungan
Maronquillo
Sampaloc
Paco
San Agustin
Pansumaloc
San Roque
Pantubig
Talacsan
Pasong Bangkal
Tambubong
Pasong Callos
Tukod
Pasong Intsik
Ulingao
Pinacpinacan
Sapang Pahalang
Poblacion
Pulo
Proposed Microwave Link from San Rafael, Bulacan to Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija - WiMAX
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Coordinates:
121ECoordinates:
1535N 12100E /
15.583N 121E
History
Named after the old city of cija in Seville, Spain,Nueva Ecija was
against Spanish rule, and one of the provinces which declared its
independence in 1898.
Economy
Major Industries
the country. Its principal crops is mainly rice but corn and onion are also
produced in quantity. The province is often referred to as the Rice Granary
of the Philippines. Other major crops are onion, mango, calamansi
(calamondin orange), banana, garlic, and vegetables. The town of Bongabon
at the eastern part of the province at the foot of the Sierra Madre mountains
and its neighbouring Laur and Rizal are the major producers of onion and
garlic. Bongabon is called the "onion capital of the country".
province. The leading educational institutions are the Central Luzon State
University in Munoz and Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology,
Wesleyan University-Philippines, La Fortuna College and Araullio University in
Cabanatuan. There are 18 tertiary level institutions in Cabanatuan City alone.
hospitals cater to patients from within Nueva Ecija and some coming from
Proposed Microwave Link from San Rafael, Bulacan to Cabanatuan City,
Nueva Ecija - WiMAX |
Lorenzo poultry farms in San Isidro which is one of the largest in the
country. Duck raising and egg production is also an important
livelihood. Fishponds are unevenly distributed throughout the province
but the largest concentrations are in San Antonio, Santa Rosa, and
Cuyapo.
notably in Santa Rosa, where prices are as low as PhP 7,000 which is
practically the cheapest in the country.
have been found in General Tinio, Carranglan, and Pantabangan. The upper
reaches of Carranglan and Palayan City are said to contain gold.
In June 2008, it has also received the title: "Milk Capital of the
Philippines" due to the reason that Nueva Ecija gathers more milk from both
cows and carabaos or water buffaloes than any other place in the Philippines.
The Philippine Carabao Center is located in CLSU compound in Munoz City.
Geography
Physical
with the southwestern marshes near the Pampanga border. It levels off and
then gradually increases in elevation to rolling hills as it approaches the
mountains of Sierra Madre in the east, and the Caraballo and Cordillera
ranges in the north.
Cities
Cabanatuan City
Gapan City
Palayan City
Municipalities
Aliaga
Nampicuan
Bongabon
Pantabangan
Cabiao
Pearanda
Carranglan
Cuyapo
Rizal
San Antonio
San Isidro
San Leonardo
Santa Rosa
Sabani)
General Mamerto
Natividad
General Tinio
Guimba
Jan
Talavera
first
class,
Ecija, Philippines.
It
is
History
During World War II, the occupying Japanese built Cabanatuan Prison
Camp, where manyAmerican soldiers were imprisoned, some of whom
had been forced to endure the infamous "Bataan Death March". In
January 1945 elements of the US Army 6th Ranger Battalion marched
30 miles behind enemy lines to rescue the prisoners in what became
known as the Raid at Cabanatuan.
Proposed Microwave Link from San Rafael, Bulacan to Cabanatuan City,
Nueva Ecija - WiMAX |
Transportation
The city is a major hub of transportation services within the province. It
Roads
and
del
Pilar
Street.
The
proposed North
Luzon
East
Expressway will pass through the city from Manila all the way to
Tuguegarao City, and also Tarlac-Nueva Ecija-Aurora Expressway that
will link Tarlac to Dingalan Bay.
Cabanatuan City was credited for its good access to commercial banks
that is why the city was ranked as one of the most livable cities in the
Philippines together with Makati City in terms of banking. There are 50
commercial banks in the city, including the major players and their
multiple branches citywide. Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) has a
branch
in
the
city's
business
district.
Globe
Telecom,
Smart
The city's continuing urbanization lured investors not only into the city
but also to the suburban municipalities as well. Its properly placed
infrastructure is already having an effect to the city's development.
Many hospitals can be found in the city proper, mostly private and
clean which made Cabanatuan City the center for medical operations
and research. Notable hospitals include - Dr. Paulino J. Garcia Medical
Hospital is one of the most largest hospitals in the region; Nueva Ecija
Good Samaritan General Hospital, one of the most advanced and
Proposed Microwave Link from San Rafael, Bulacan to Cabanatuan City,
Nueva Ecija - WiMAX |
Entertainment
The city is also home to large malls which provide entertainment for
the
population.
These
malls
include NE
Pacific
Mall, Robinsons
Barangays
Aduas Centro
Fatima (Pob.)
Pula
Aduas Norte
Quezon
Aduas Sur
Hermogenes C.
Bagong Sikat
Bagong Buhay
Bakero
Bakod Bayan
Balit
District (Pob.)
Concepcion, Sr.
Rizdelis (Pob.)
Ibabao Bana
Samon
Imelda District
Sanbermecristi
Isla (Pob.)
San Isidro
Kalikid Norte
Kalikid Sur
Bantug Bulalo
Bantug Norte
Lagare
San Roque
Barlis
(Pob.)
M. S. Garcia
Sumacab Este
Sumacab
Mabini Extension
Mabini Homesite
Macatbong
Magsaysay North
Magsaysay South
Maria Theresa
Norte
Bitas
Bonifacio District
(Pob.)
Buliran
Bryan Sarmiento's
Matadero (Pob.)
Lourdes
Mayapyap North
Mayapyap South
Melojavilla (Pob.)
Nabao (Pob.)
Obrero
Padre Crisostomo
Pagas
Palagay
Great State
Cabu
Caudillo
Calawagan
(Kalawagan)
Caalibang
Camp Tinio
Caridad Village
Cinco-Cinco
Norte
City
Supermarket/Bayan
Sumacab
South
Sanbermicristi
(Pob.)
Sangitan West
Sangitan East
Santa Arcadia
Santo Nio
Sapang
Talipapa
Valdefuente
Valle Cruz
Vijandre
District (Pob.)
Villa Ofelia
(Pob.)
Pamaldan
Communal
Pangatian
Cruz Roja
Patalac
Daang Sarile
Polilio
Dalampang
Dicarma (Pob.)
Dimasalang (Pob.)
D.S. Garcia
Zulueta
District (Pob.)
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Site Selection
Proposed Microwave Link from San Rafael, Bulacan to Cabanatuan City,
Nueva Ecija - WiMAX |
The following are some of the basic considerations for the proper
political
Microwave Path
The effect of the obstacles of both in and near in the path and
the terrain has a bearing on the propagation of the radio energy from one
point to another even at microwave frequencies.
Most physical objects in the line of site will tend to block the
beam causing loss of the signal at the receiver.
at least 60% of the radius of the first Fresnel zone at the point of
obstructions.
Rain Attenuation
At microwave frequencies of 11GHz and 12GHz or above rain
and
(2)
neither
space
nor
frequency
diversity
provide
Atmospheric Absorption
Atmospheric absorption due to oxygen and water vapor also
exists. The magnitude of the effect is quite small at the lower frequencies
(2GHz-8GHz) and is usually neglected.
Equipments
antenna size.
Wind load.
considered.
The data capacity of the radio equipment to determine how
much information it can carry.
Radome
Heated
radomes are available for use in areas where severe ice and snow conditions
exist. The use of a radome results in lower antenna gain.
Transmission Line
Transmission lines provide the means of coupling the transmitter
and receiver to the antenna.
8.
9.
COORDINATES CALCULATION
SITE A:
SITE B:
MAGUINAO,
BULACAN P.
CABANATUAN
SAN
RAFAEL,
CRISOSTOMO,
CITY,
NUEVA
ECIJA
Longitude: 120 58
5.03
Latitude: 15 01 28.08
Latitude: 15 28
49.45
Longitude A -
Longitude B
A=
A = - 0 2 1.51
Latitude A
b= 90 -
b = 90 - 15 01 28.08
b = 74 58 31.92
c = 90 -
Latitude B
c = 90 - 15 28 49.45
c = 74 31 10.55
cos a = [cos(b) x cos (c)] + [sin (b) x sin (c) x cos (A)]
a=
a = 50.7915512 km
km
1
Measued distance = 51 km
Site A to B
Site A:
Longitude
120 56 3.52
Latitude
15 01 28.08
Longitude
120 58 5.03
Latitude
Site B:
15 28 49.45
C=|LongitudeA LongitudeB|
LatitudeBLatitudeA
(
)
2
Y X
C
tan (
=
cot
2 ) [ ( 2 )]
LatitudeB+ LatitudeA
cos (
)
2
sin
14 36 58.38 14 25 38.92
(
)
2
Y X
0 25 10 ' '
tan (
=
cot
)] cos 14 36 58.38 +14 25 38.92
2 ) [ (
2
(
)
2
tan
'
sin
=14.00124822
( Y X
2 )
Y X
=85 54 53.09
2
LatitudeBLatitudeA
(
)
2
Y+X
C
tan (
=
cot
2 ) [ ( 2 )]
LatitudeB+ LatitudeA
sin (
)
2
cos
14 36 58.38 14 25 38.92
(
)
2
Y+X
0 25 10 ' '
tan (
=
cot
)] sin 14 36 58.38 +14 25 38.92
2 ) [ (
2
(
)
2
'
cos
tan
( Y +2 X )=12905.19828
Y+X
=89 59 44.02
2
Y X
(
( Y +X
)
2
2 )
X=
Y=
( Y +2 X )+( Y X
2 )
@ Site A:
N ( 90 x ) E
S ( 90 x ) W
'
90 x=904 4 50.93
''
'
@ Site B:
N (Y 90 ) E
S (Y 90 ) W
PARAMETERS:
H = Fresnel Clearance,(m)
eb = earth bulge,(m)
FORMULAS:
e b=
d1 d2
12.75
4
3
F1=17.3
d1 d2
fD
ho =e b+ e o+ TG
H=0.6 F 1
H=
d 1 (h2h1)
h o+ h1
D
h1=a1+ e1
h2=a2 +e 2
Magunao,
San
Rafael,
Bulacan
to
P.
e0
Crisostomo,
Given:
F = 7.7477
GHz
25 m
D =51 km
d1=11 km
e2
TG
a1
25 m
d2= 40 km
e1 =10
K=
15 m
4
3
a2
Solution:
eb
eb
d1 d2
4
12.75
3
ho =e b+ e o+ TG
40 11
4
12.75
3
ho =25.88235+25+15
eb = 25.88235 m
ho
65.88235
d1 d2
F1 = 17.3 F D
H = F1 (0.6)
( 40 11)
F1 = 17.3 (7.7477 51)
(18.25580362) (0.6)
F1 = 18.25580362 m
10.95348217m
H=
d 1(h2h1 )
h o + h1
10+ a
( 1)
(25+a 1)
11
10.95348217=
a1 = 70.07113 m
65.88235 + 10 + a1
Given:
F = 8.05902
GHz
25 m
D = 51 km
d1 = 11 km
e2
25 m
d 2= 40 km
e1
10 m
e0
k=
TG=
15 m
4
3
Solution:
eb
d1 d2
4
12.75
3
ho =e b+ e o+ TG
eb
22.5 4
4
12.75
3
ho =25.88235+25+15
eb = 25.88235 m
ho = 65.88235 m
d1 d 2
F1 = 17.3 F ' D
H = F1 (0.6)
(11 40)
F1 = 17.3 (8.0590251)
H = (17.89972)
(0.6)
F1 =17.89972m
H =
10.73983198m
H=
d 1(h2h1 )
h o + h1
10.73983198=
a1 = 63.387 m
VERTICAL PANNING
Formulas:
1= 2=tan 1
( h h
D )
2
VERTICAL PANNING
Given:
D=50.7915512 km
Site A:
h1=80 m
Site B:
h2=95 m
Solution:
1= 2=tan 1
( h h
D )
1= 2=tan 1
9580
( 50.7915512
1000 )
POINT OF REFLECTION
HOP 1: SITE A to B
@ Site A
@ Site B
h1=e1 + a1
h2 = e 2 + a 2
h1 = 10m + 70m
h2 = 25m + 70m
h1 = 80m
h2 =95m
D= 50.7915512km
X=
h1
D2
y=
h2
D2
4
3
For K=
Solution:
h1 = 80 m
h2 = 95m
1
1+
1 ft
=
( 0.3048
m)
1 ft
=
( 0.3048
m)
y
x
262.4671916 ft
311.67979 ft
x=
y=
h1
D
h2
D
262.4671916 ft
ft
=0.2635055953 2
2
( 31.56040672mi .)
mi
311.67979 ft
ft
=0.3129128944 2
2
(31.56040672mi)
mi
1+
y
x
1
0.3129128944
1+
0.2635055953
=0.4785319247
d1 =
d1
d2 =
d 2 = 26.48617244km
=24.30537876km
Dd1 =( 50.7915512km ) (24.30537876km)
REFLECTION ANGLE
Given:
h1=80 m
d1= 24.30537876km
er=10m
h2=95 m
d2= 26.48617244km
K=
4
3
d1 d2
eb 12.75 K
eb
24.30537876 x 26.48617244
4
12.75
3
eb = 37.8680266 m
h1 e reb
d1
A =tan 1
A =tan 1
( 801037.8680266
)
24.30537876
A =50 30' 5. 28
h 2e reb
d2
B =tan1
B =tan1
( 901037.8680266
)
26.48617244
B =62 43 13 . 44
'
ATMOSPHERIC LOSSES
FORMULAS:
AO =
7.19 x 103+
6.09
4.81
+
x f 2 x 103 x D
2
f + 0.227 ( f 57 ) +1.5
2
f 22.3 +7.3
183.3
f
2+6
AH2O =
2
4
x f x 12 x 10 x D
3
0.067+
log ( 10 )log ( f )
M = log ( 10 )log(12)
Y=
D
D
1+
0.015 xR
35 e
K=
log
a = a1 M(a1 a2)
Ar = Y x K x Ra
PARAMETERS USED:
San
Rafael,
Bulacan
to
P.
Crisostomo,
F = 7.7477 GHz
D = 50.7915512 km
Ao(F)=
7.19 x 103+
6.09
4.81
+
x (7.7477)2 x 103 x 50.7915512
2
(7.7477) +0.227 ( 7.747757 )2+1.5
Ao(F) =0.3361182177 dB
7.747722.3 2+7.3
183.3
7.74777
2+6
AH2O=
3
0.067+
AH2O(F) = 0.2964561301dB
R= 0.5208333333 mm/hr
M=
Y=
50.7915512
50.7915512
1+
35 e0.015 x0.5208333333
Y = 20.62543288
K1=0.00395
K2=0.00265
log
K=
K(F )= 0.2761993838
a(F)=1.330800076
1.330800076
Ar(F) = 2.39115914 dB
AL = Ao + AH20 + Ar
AL(F )= 3.023733488 dB
Given:
F = 8.05902 GHz
D = 50.7915512 km
AO=
7.19 x 103+
6.09
4.81
+
x( 8.05902)2 x 103 x 50.7915512
2
2
(8.05902) +0.227 ( 8.0590257 ) +1.5
Ao(F) = 0.3385919648 dB
8.0590222.3 2 +7.3
183.3
8.05902
2+6
AH2O=
3
0.067+
AH2O(F) = 0.3230765811 dB
R= 0.5208333333 mm/hr
M=
50.7915512
50.7915512
1+
0.015 x0.5208333333
35 e
Y=
Y = 20.62543288
K1 = 0.00887
K2 = 0.00395
K=
K(F) = 0.1838762566
log
a2 =1.327
a = 1.276
a(F)=1.277679956
0.03294031718
(1.276 1.327)
Ar(F) = 1.648012208 dB
1.277679956
AL= Ao + AH20 + Ar
AL= 0.3385919648 + 0.3230765811 + 1.648012208
AL(F) = 2.309670754 dB
TRANSMISSION CALCULATIONS
Parameters Used:
D = Distance (km)
Formulas
WL=antennaheight +allowance(5 m)
Fade Margin=RSLIT
Magunao,
San
Rafael,
Bulacan
to
P.
Crisostomo,
GIVEN:
F =7.7477GHz
RL = 0.8 dB
D = 50.7915512 km
AML = 0.25 dB
B= 1.8 m
WLTX
Pt = 28 dB
WLRX =75 m
IT = - 86 dBm
AL
(F)
3.023733488
dB
= 75m
IL= 0.01 dB
(F)
= 40.68890602 dB
TFL
(F)
= 10.71 dB
FSL
(F)
= 144.2992855 dB
TL
(F)
= 158.0330189 dB
NPL(F) = 76.65520686 dB
(F)
= -48.65520686 dBm
FM(F) = 37.34479314 dB
GIVEN:
F= 8.05902 GHz
RL = 0.8 dB
D = 50.7915512 km
AML = 0.25 dB
B= 1.8 m
WLTX
Pt = 28 dB
WLRX =75 m
IT = - 86 dBm
AL(F) = 2.309670754
dB
= 75m
IL= 0.01 dB
TLLTX / rx ( F )
= 4.27875 dB
TFL(F) = 10.4475 dB
FSL
(F)
= 144.6414742 dB
TL(F) = 157.398645 dB
NPL(F) = 75.33645546 dB
RSL(F) = 28 75.33645546
Fade Margin=RSLIT
FM = -47.33645546 (-86)
FM
(F)
= 38.66354454 dB
Parameters Used:
specifications)
RL = Radome Loss
IL = Insertion Loss
AL = Atmospheric Loss
terrain
(tropical)
Magunao,
San
Rafael,
Bulacan
to
P.
Crisostomo,
GIVEN:
F=7.7477
PT = 28 dBm
AG
(F)
FSL(F) = 144.2992855
dB
AL
(F)
TLLTX (F ) = 4.41dB
TLLRX (F ) = 4.41dB
=40.68890602
dB
IL = 0.01dB
RL = 0.8dB
=3.023733488 dB
AML = 0.25 dB
P2=P1TLLTX
- 2(IL)
P2=23 . 57 dBm
P3=P2 + AG
P4 =P 3FSL ALRL
P5=P4 + AG
P5=43.17520695 dBm
FM =
48.65520695
- (-86)
FM(F) = 37.34479305 dB
GIVEN:
F=8.05902 GHz
PT = 28 dBm
AG(F)
TLLTX (F ) =
=41.03109474
dB
4.27875dB
FSL(F)
144.6414742dB
AL(F)
TLLRX (F ) = 4.27875d
=2.309670754
dB
AML = 0.25 dB
IL = 0.01dB
RL = 0.8dB
P2=P1TLLTX
- 2(IL)
P3=P2 + AG
P3=64 . 73234477 dBm
P4 =P 3FSL ALRL
P4 =83 . 01880018 dBm
P5=P4 + AG
P5=41.98770541 dBm
FM =
47.33645541 - (-86)
FM(F) = 38.66354459 dB
Parameters Used:
FM
= Lower Fade Margin
= Wavelength of F(7.7477GHz)
= Wavelength of F(8.05902GHz)
K = k-factor
Formulas:
UNDP = a b f
1.5
(GHz)
FM
10
ISD=
S=
S '=
1 .2 x 10 fsx 10
d
3 Re
D
3 ' Re
D
Re =k Ro
Ro=6370 km
4
k 3
'=
3 x 10 8
F
3 x 10 8
F'
Given:
D=50.7915512km
F=7.7477GHz,
F=8.05902GHz
4 ' (6370)
Antenna spacing =
D
=18.6744 m
spacing
=75 m- 18.6744 m
= 56.3256 m
= 56.3256x0.05705
= 3.21337548 dB
Antenna spacing =
= 19.4248 m
4 ' (6370)
D
spacing
=75m- 19.4248m
= 55.5752 m
TLLRX SD( F)
TLLRX SD =55.5752x.0588
=AFxWL
TLLRX SD = 3.26782176 dB
Magunao,
San
Rafael,
Bulacan
to
P.
Crisostomo,
P2=P1TLLTX
- 2(IL)
P2=23 . 57 dBm
P3=P2 + AG
P4 =P 3FSL ALRL
P5=P4 + AG
P5=43.17520695 dBm
47.51302871 dB
FM =
FM = 38.48697129dB
- (-86)
P2=P1TLLTX
- 2(IL)
P3=P2 + AG
P4 =P 3FSL ALRL
P5=P4 + AG
P5=41.98770541 dBm
46.27108089 - (-86)
FM =
FM = 39.72891911 dB
Magunao,
San
Rafael,
Bulacan
to
P.
Crisostomo,
Given:
F= 7.7477(GHz)
a=1
b = 0.25
d = 50.7915512 km
FM= 38.48697129 dB
FM
= 37.34479305 dB
X (3x 10-7) x ( 10
18 . 6744
37 . 34479305
10
2 x 10
1. 2 x 103 (7 . 7477)
ISD=
Note: use the antenna spacing of the Site B
ISD= 327.3067655
3.00262912 x 10
USDP=
327.306755
8
USDP=9.173662912x 10
R = (1 USDP) x 100%
8
R = (1 - 9.173662912x 10 ) x 100
R = 99.99999083%
Given:
F= 8.05902(GHz)
a=1
b = 0.25
d = 50.7915512 km
FM= 39.72891911 dB
FM
= 38.66354459 dB
UNDP = (1) x (0.25) x (8.05902)1.5 x (50.7915512)3
-7
39.72891911
10
X (3x 10 ) x ( 10
19 . 4248
38 .66354459
10
2 x 10
1. 2 x 103 (8 . 05902)
ISD=
Note: use the antenna spacing of the Site A
ISD= 488.1123274
5
USDP=
2.393134637 x 10
488.1123274
8
USDP=4.902835889x 10
R = (1 USDP) x 100%
8
R = (1 - 4.902835889x 10 ) x 100
R = 99.9999951 %
OVERALL RELIABILITY
R(F) =99.99999083% (A to B)
R(F )= 99.9999951 % (A to B)
Solution:
Ro = 99.99998593%
RHS = 99.999999999998020351%
The author has not done any actual design yet, that is why this is
to meet such an extremely high reliability required for long haul systems,
some form of redundant or standby equipment is required.