Saturday, January 30, 2016

Chap 7 and 8 notes

AP Human Geography

3 democracies: Austria, Greece, and Italy b.

4 communists: Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania

Six republics:

NOTES

Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia.

Five nationalities:
Croats, Macedonians, Montenegrens, Serbs, and Slovenians.

Four languages: Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian, and Slevene.

Three religions:
Roman Catholic in the North. (Croats and Slovenes) Orthodox in the East. (Serbs and
Macedonians) Islam in the South. (Bosnians and Montenegrens)

Two alphebets:
Croatian and Slovene were written in the Roman alphabet. Macedonian and Serbian
were written in Cyrillic.
Serbian and Croation are the same languages, but with different alphabets.

Dinar:

Saturday, January 30, 2016

One type of currency kept them united. 2.

Destruction of Multiethnic Yugoslavia a.

Rivalries resurfaced in the 1980s when Tito died and the country went bankrupt. b.

When Yugoslavia was one country, the six republics were fine. But when the country
split into five separate countries, wthnicities fought to redefine the boundaries. -

Ethnic Cleansing in Bosnia a.

The population of Bosnia & Herzegovnia was 48% Bosnian Muslim, 37% Serb, ad 14%
Croat. b.

Bosnian Muslim was considered an ethnicity instead of a nationality. Rather than live in
a country dominated by Muslims, the Serbs and Croats fought for portions for their own
countries.

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c.

Serbs and Croats engaged in ethnic cleansing of Bosnian Muslims. This allowed them
to connect with Serbia and Croatia. d.

Bosnia & Herzegovnia was split into three sections, each dominated by Croats,
Muslims, and Serbs. The Bosnian Croat and Muslim regions formed a federation, but
the Serb region becam independent in everything but its name. -

Saturday, January 30, 2016

Ethnic Cleansing in Kosovo a.

After the breakup of Yugoslavia, Serbia remained a multiethnic country. b.

Serbia was given control of Kosovo when Yugoslavia was created in the early 12
th
century. c.

When Yugoslovia broke up, Serbia took control of Kosovo and used ethnic cleansing to
get rid of the Albanian majority. d.

The US and Western European countries were outrage so they formed the Noth Atlantic
Treaty Organization (NATO) and launched an air attack over Serbia. It ended when
Serbia agreed to withdraw all of its soldiers from Kosovo. Kosovo became independent
in 2008, but only 60 countries recognize its independence. Russia does not. -

Balkanization a.

Balkanized

A small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into one or more
states because it was inhabited by more than one ethnicities with antagonisms between
them b.

Balkanization

The process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among ethnicities B.

Saturday, January 30, 2016

Ethnic Cleansing in Central Africa a.

Ethnic cleansing is widespread in Africa because the boundaries do not math the
boundaries of ethnic groups. During the late 19
th
century, European countries divided the land with little regard for distribution of
ethnicities. b.

The most important unit of African society was the tribe rather than the state. There are
several thousand ethnicities (tribes) with a common language and religion.

Seth Adler 16
c.

When the European colonies in Africa became independent states in the 1950s, the
boundaries typically matched those of the Europeans which split tribes up. d.

A major conflict exists between the Hutus and Tutsis. The Hutus were famers in
present-day Rwanda and Burundi. The Tutsis were herders who migrated there 400
years ago. The Tutsis tok control of Rwanda and made the Hutus their surfs. e.

When Rwanda gained independence in 1962, they were ably to vote and since they
were the majority, they won. Once in power, they killed many Tutsis. This is ethnic
cleansing. The Tutsis who survived launched a conter attack and took control of
Rwanda. Recently, they have been calm. f.

The Democating Republic of Congo has also been in a war. It is thought to have been
the deadliest war since WWII. g.

Saturday, January 30, 2016

Tutsis were able to overthrow Congos longtime president, Joseph Mobutu
in 1997. He was wealth from minerals while impoverishing the rest of the country. After
succeeding him, Laurent Kabila relied of the Tutsis and allowed them to kill some of the
Hutus. When Kabila split with the Tutsis, they supported the rebels and assassinated
him in 2001. His son tried to negotiate a peace with the rebels, but fighting still
continues, especially in the east.