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ID
: 1214441015
Class
: ICP A
Group
: 1 (One)
Assistant,
Muhayyirah
ID. 1214140003
Known lecturer,
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background
2016
The purpose of this experiments is the students can know the techniques and
process of making yoghurt and applied knowledge of biotechnology in process to
making waste biogas and hyacinth.
C. Benefit
The benefit that can we accept from this experiment are:
1. The students can know about the techniques and process of making biogas
2. The student can applied knowledge that related with the biotechnology
process to make biogas
CHAPTER II
PREVIEW OF LITERATURE
Biogas is a flammable gas and activity generated by anaerobic or
fermentation of organic materials including; human and animal waste, domestic
waste (household), biodegradable waste or any other biodegradable organic
waste in anaerobic conditions. The main content in biogas is methane and carbon
dioxide. simple biogas systems. Besides, in many areas of food processing
industries, among others, tofu, tempeh, boiled fish or berm can unite channel
waste into biogas system. So that industrial waste does not contaminate the
surrounding environment. This allows for the above-mentioned industrial waste
originating from organic material is homogeneous (Herly, 2011).
The type of organic material processed greatly affect the productivity of
biogas systems in addition to other parameters such as temperature digester, pH,
pressure and humidity. One way of determining the appropriate organic material
to be input Biogas system is to determine the ratio of Carbon (C) and nitrogen
(N) or the so-called C / N ratio. Several experiments have been conducted by
ISAT indicate that the metabolic activity of bacteria will methanogen optimal
value of C / N ratio of about 8-20 (Septia,2014).
Biogas is produced by anaerobic activity is very popular for treating
biodegradable waste as fuel can be produced while destroying bacterial
pathogens and reducing the volume of the waste. Methane in the biogas, when it
burns more cleanly than coal, and produces greater energy with carbon dioxide
emissions are less. Utilization of biogas plays an important role in waste
management because methane is a greenhouse gas that is more harmful to global
warming compared with carbon dioxide. Carbon in the biogas is carbon taken
from the atmosphere by photosynthesis of plants, so that when released back into
the atmosphere will increase the amount of atmospheric carbon than the burning
of fossil fuels (Krisna, 2011).
Biogas does not produce smoke is a superior replacement to replace fuel
oil or natural gas. This gas is produced in a process called anaerobic digestion, a
gas mixture of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and a small amount of
nitrogen, ammonia, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and hydrogen. Naturally, this
gas is formed at the disposal of waste water, waste pile, the bottom of lakes or
swamps. Mammals including humans produce biogas in the digestive system, the
bacteria in the digestive system produces biogas for the process of digesting
cellulose. Biomass containing high water content such as animal manure and food
processing waste materials suitable for biogas production (Darmono, 2001).
Livestock waste is one of the source material that can be used to produce
biogas, while the development or growth of the livestock industry poses a problem
CHAPTER III
PRACTICUM METHOD
A. Time and Place
Day/date : Monday, November 9th 16th 2015
Time
: 01.00 pm 03.00 pm
Place
: Green House and Experimantal Farm in Biology Department,
Mathematics and Science Faculty, UNM
B. Tools and Materials
1. Tools:
a. Bottle
b. Plastic hose aquarium
c. Fragments thermometer
2. Materials
:
a. Eichornia crassipes
b. Cow manure, goat manure, horse manure and dirt duck or chicken
c. Vegetable
C. Work procedure
1. Prepare all equipment and materials required
2. Holed bottle cap, and enter the aquarium hose, and at the end of the hose
insert the thermometer pieces.
3. Enter the dirt that will be used, then cut into small Eichornia crassipes and
vegetable scraps are in use, and also enter into the bottle by using the same
composition.
4. Cap and folding aquarium hose so the gas does not come out.
5. Save for 7 days.
6. Turn the match, and see.
CHAPTER IV
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
A. Observation result
This observation done for 7 day using animal dung, and vegetable
wastes.
Group
Composition
1
2
Cow manure
Horse manure
Chicken manure
Goat manure
B. Discussion
In practice this simple biogas production, we use fases of some animals.
This practicum we use four kind of fases from different animals. As we know, the
fecal ruminant contain of some bacteria which can parse the fases to produce
methane gas. Based on the observation table, horse and goat produced methane
gases, this marked when the sample produce gases voice. W Where as chicken and
cow not produce methane, it happened cause the fecal/ dung is take one days
before, so the bacteria not growth well. In this experiment the animals dung as a
strarter to make the biogas.
This biogas is more efficient than LPG because it does not require the cost
of manufacture.. Besides useful as a substitute fuel, there are a number of
advantages that can be obtained from the biogas to the environment, among
others:
1. People do not need to cut down trees for firewood.
2. The process of cooking so much cleaner, and healthier because it does not
emit smoke.
3. The cage the animals become increasingly cleaner because sewage can be
processed directly cage.
4. The rest of the waste produced from the biodigester can be used as
fertilizer so it does not pollute the environment.
5. Can contribute to lowering greenhouse gas emissions by reducing fuel
consumption and fuel wood.
6. A relative safer from the threat of fire hazard.
The utilization of fecal as a biogas expeience anaerobic fermentation.
According to Krisna (2011) Biogas is produced by anaerobic activity is very
popular for treating biodegradable waste as fuel can be produced while destroying
bacterial pathogens and reducing the volume of the waste.
For the last treatment, we also use vegetable waste. Vegetable also use as
a biogas in community level of plant. It is produced when bacteria degrade
organic matter in the absence of air. Biogas is produced from organic wastes by
concerned action of various group of anaerobic bacteria through anaerobic
decomposition. While the water hyacinth used in this experimnent in the biogas
production because it contains large number of hemiselulose. Processing water
hyacinth with the addition of cow manure is expected to produce methane gas.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
From the experiment, that we had done, we can conclude that the Biogas.
Biogas is a gas produced by the anaerobic digestion or fermentation of organic
materials including; human and animal waste, domestic waste (household),
biodegradable waste or any other biodegradable organic waste in anaerobic
conditions.
The advantages that can be obtained from the biogas to the environment, among
others:
1. People do not need to cut down trees for firewood.
2. The process of cooking so much cleaner, and healthier because it does not emit
smoke.
3. The cage the animals become increasingly cleaner because sewage can be
processed directly cage.
B. Suggestion
1. For the laboratory
Laboratory advisable to always chek the condition and quality of the tools
that will be use in the practicum to avoid the damage of the yoghurt that
will produced.
2. For the assistant
Assistant advisable to always accompany the apprentice during the
experiment to avoid the mistake in work procedure.
3. For the apprentice
Apprentice should be careful and precise when doing the work procedure to
get a good result of product that being produce
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Darmono, 2001, Environment and Pollution Relationship with Metal Compounds
Toxicology, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, 142-147.Lehninger, AL 1998a.
Fundamentals of Biochemistry Volume 1. Translation: M. Thenawidjaja.
Erland, Jakarta.
Herly,Evanuarini. 2011. Pengaruh Feses Terhadap Gas. Malang: Universitas
Brawijaya.
Krisna Agus. 2011. Pemanfaatan Mikroorganisme di Bidang Peternakan
Berbasis Bioteknologi Konvensional. http://aguskrisnoblog.wordpress.com.
Accesed at December 18th 2015.
Narsito, 1990, Basics Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, Chemical and
Physical Analysis Laboratory Center, Yogyakarta, 16-31, 42. Olson,
Kent R., Poisoning And Drug Overdose, University of California, San
Francisco,
Septia, Intan. 2014. Pemanfaatan Biogas.
Accessed at December 18th 2015.
http://itaseptia.blogspot.com.