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As this paper has been divided into two parts, the first half included the assessment;
analysis and diagnosis phases examining the community of Bendale in Scarborough, which was
found to be one with plentiful resources. Upon finding that the community's main concern was
lack of integration among its members, this problem diagnosis became the area of focus for the
second and final half of the paper. Thus, in continuation, this paper begins by introducing the
(\4f)
Multiple Intervention Program framework in the planning phase to guide the health promotion
program and implementation as well as the final evaluation. The program planning model chosen
to guide the process of implementation will be explained including the evaluation methods.
Finally, several approaches and methods will be discussed with ideas from the group members
The program planning model used for the health promotion program is the Multiple
, Intervention Program framework found in Stamler & Yiu (2008). This model was chosen
because it focuses on and examines the socio-ecological aspect ofthe community, the same
focus of the community diagnosis. The socio-ecological viewpoint takes into consideration the
~
social condition that affects the community, which is another benefit of using this model for the
/
development of our program.
The Multiple Intervention Program (MIP) includes five main components which are to:
identify the community health issue; describe the socio-(ological determinants; intervention
options; optimization intervention strategies; and finally monitoring and evaluating the impacts,
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spin-offs and sustainability (Edwards, Etoma, & Kennedy, 2008, p.218). The first element of
implementing the MIP program is by identifying the community health issue which was
:III:I~'!IlOln between people of different le els of SES and religion as evidenced by the
Bendale Community Planning, Implementing & Evaluating 3
V"
eommunity profile data and interviews with a range of community members. This issue is
elusive of everyone in the community where different religious and cultural groups were
The second element of socio-ecological determinants allows for a closer inspection of the
to
community as it looks at possible barriers irl implementing this program. Some of the
determinants of health include: lack of resources, lack of education for knowing the issues
affecting the community, socio-economic status, unsanitary environment, language and cultural
barriers and lack of social support from the members of the community and from the government
i()aCOj\Qk.~ ~e~' .
After noting the socio-ecological determinants, an intervention is conceptualized by the
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dJ~ ? w\"c) 6:fl;~ \\.J) \'1\eor\·
tearn"and its strategies optimized. Due to the lack of integration within the community as
------ ,.
gathered from the problem diagnosis, a possible intervention to promote unity and collaboration
. ould be to initiate a community effort in cleaning up the environment of Bendale as litter was a
The intervention option designed for this targeted population include the consideration
of: reach, dose, and intensil/(Edwards, Etorna, & Kennedy, 200e). 'Reach' refers 10 the
target population which are students who attend the elementary, secondary and high schools in
/
Bendale. The 'dose' describes how much of the intervention will be needed to have a desired
V
effect which in our case will include the use of different mediums to campaign around the school
to raise awareness of the program. We would designate one month during the school year to
ad ertise and implement this event lea~g up to the date. This will also include a presentation
..
- the c71Unity health nUjes to the students in a general assembly in the auditorium for the
.hole school. Lastly, 'intensity' refers to how tailored the intervention is to our population
Bendale Community Planning, Implementing & Evaluating 4
J
subgroup which in this case will be families of the students and their neighbours. To make sure
that the subgroup is involved, flyers and notices will be sent home with the students during this
awareness month and different actions will be suggested to the parents so that it can be integrated
As a large percentage of the population of Bendale is children and young adults who. d LLt
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attend schools that are conveniently clustered together, we decided that the optimization leQ(;er (me) Q{&
w~()) \((\\J-~O\)~\. In
intervention strategy would be including the use of media and social marketing theory only in si. . lk ~
{\~~ \(\c~~c-\-~o.\~- ~~ S;~~ h\~ ~ \a.~t;e~of0j\ jO\)f (QSS~()I\~
those specific schd6ls (Edwards, Etoma, & Kennedy, 2008; Stamler & Yiu, 2008). This will b~o(Y,(Y'.0f\IJ
for the purpose to raise awareness of the event by setting up websites and online campaigns.
Since our main focus will be on the 5 specific schools within the community on a smaller scale,
other possible resources for intervention would be to have a feature in the community newspaper
The last segment of the MIP program consists of monitoring and evaluating the impacts,
spin-offs and sustainability (Edwards, Etoma, & Kennedy, 2008, p.222). The immediate impact
V
of the program is to clean up the environment and create awareness of the issue within the
community of Bendale. The long term results include creating an environment with more
~
garbage bins for appropriate garbage disposal, health teaching to the target population, and
proper disposal and removal of garbage. Finally, the sustainability is to continuously keep
V .
Bendale clean and with minimal littering by incorporating this awareness month once a year. The
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ways to maintain the acceptable clean environment might evolve over time as the program might
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create change in schools. \(\\e.Cf'(A~~(\ \;..)6\)t~ ~ ~ S(& ~~\t (odCC£\\eD ffioD~ l'tc)U~~K
. hi h .. 1 h 1h . ..\{.)~ \I ~(cr\)~
Th e target popu 1ation to w IC we are trymg to Imp ement a ea t promotion program IS \. "~.
d(SS\X,
within the ages of approximately 6-18 years old, from grades 1-12. The population subgroup will I
,
Bendale Community Planning, Implementing & Evaluating 5
between the ages of 25 and over, mostly targeting parents of the children. Our objective is to
recruit children from the schools as well as the parents of those children involved in the
environmental cleanup'project. The target population was selected due to the type and location
of the schools being of elementary and secondary level which share land, playgrounds and a field
J
that is interconnected. This feature that is shared among the different schools provides a unique
setting for the program t1ke place as it allows for the children and their families to come
together and clean the same space. Another reason for selecting schools as a focal point for
intervention is that it provides a learning opportunity in which children can be taught from a
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young age to respect their environment. Through this, an understanding of the importance of
community can be nurtured, as well as providing the opportunity to encourage older students to
act as role models and develop leadership qualities. By making a joint effort and collaboration in
take an active role in improving their environment as well as taking responsibility for their own
1 vjo.AO QCKLQL t t\1P \o~c \,
health in doing so. ~ ..
(Yiu, 2008). In particular, Yiu (2008) suggests that the present-future drawing tool allows the
clients in the community to draw and reflect on the present so that they can make changes for the
future. As a group, we chose this particular tool because the present-future tool applies most
suitabl to our project in the sense that it is very easy to visualize and see the before and after
J
C'eC1S of th romotion program. Thus, this can be used for the residents of the
_-are able to contrast and compare its obvious benefits for the
Bendale Community Planning, Implementing & Evaluating 6
c:I!::!:::!:::::ti'~.' as well as how it can also affect their personal situations within the community.
the target audiences in this project are students ranging from grade 1 to 12 the art, posters
other multimedia would be able to help even :/:ounger grades understand as it is very
effective in conveying the message regardless of age, language or culture. Due to the needs of
the Bendale community and the nature of the proposed program having a definite cause and
effect, this makes it very appropriate to use this visual strategy as it can cross most language and
V
cultural barriers, addressed by the diagnosis of this neighbourhood.
The goal of our health promotion program is to resolve the problem diagnosis of limited
community integration by unifying the diverse groups in the Bendale community. Through this,
there are three objectives that would be accomplished: the first is to promote a healthy living
particularly around schools so that it is both sanitary and safe for families to enjoy; second, to
community; and finally, to facilitate political action in the local schools and maintain a healthy
community environment, a bottom-up change that will trickle up and affect the families and
. .; f\\C.~ - 1'1'(\ JvJ'~ CA (,\~ (O~{J.raeO ~...J A000\U d(S"tUf'R;.tcY f
01\ Cl rt0!clt.D
greater community. po!f c,.
To address our community health problem diagnosis we chose to use the socio-
environmental health promotion approach. Firstly, this particular approach was chosen because it
takes into consideration effects of social and environmental influences on the health of the
communiry Coh n, 008. B - using this approach it addresses the broader social determinants
is directl in olved with our goals and objectives along with the
Bendale Community Planning, Implementing & Evaluating 7
~~gI' es discussed in the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion for improving health of
mmunities. A limitation of this approach is its intensive nature to involve thQ ~'01'~} ~h
~ tJf J&m~ .• ~'-,
community in the planning, implementation and evaluation stages due to the complexity of the
approach and thus, may take more time, effort and money to~hieve the desired outcomes.
The strategies that will be used in achieving the goals and objectives using the Ottawa
developing personal skills and reorienting health services (Cohen, 2008, p. 97) ." In order to
bring the community together it is important to implement cornaiunity action. The cleanup
program within the school system will target the children of the schools but the community
members and parents will be encouraged to support this event as it will be for the benefit of their
children and the betteanent of their community as well. econdly, creating a supportive
environment within the program is another ke issue that needs to be addressed as a community.
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There are many children tJ;ratwill be participating and thus it is important to ensure safe
conditions such as protective equipment an supervision, in order for the participation of the
children and their families. In order for ID program to be established as a bi-annual school event
where everyone from the comm . _-can come and help, we need th support and approval of
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the school board. ~ portive and safe environmen ensures)0T an enjoyable and
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novelexperien uhimarel - accomplishes our goal. Third, 10 achieve our objectives we
knowl collaborari on within the children. Thro ating and providing information
MQd
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fa ~
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Bendale Community Planning, Implementing & Evaluating 8
. oped for the future/Finally, reorientation of health services to implement this program
uld include resources needed to educate the children about the issues in their community, for
example, hiring public health nurses to design and implement this program and go to the schools
objectives which include empowerment of the community; enhancing the quality of the program;
- I'd; ~ w"m :\ti'0 \r\e.of\ .
and adding detail and organization to the planning and implementation phases. Limitations
0.. ~de\\\().\
include the lack of support from the residents,ff the community or from the school boards to
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fund the program. The community might not want to participate if they are unwilling or unable.~ I, I'
r~<Jl)r ~~ ~ Ll() II:~
to understand the impact and relationship of a healthy environment to their physical health." In [loA) OCt~ -I'Q~
In order to successfully integrate the community into this health promotion program, it
must be tailored to the target and SUbgr~ population needs. In this case, all students of the four
schools in the Bendale neighborhood will be involved in this project. The schools include: 1~1JV~
David & Mary Thomson; Bendale B.T.!; Donwood Park Junior; and Highbrook Learning Centre
to Ino:)tlR
~17, ~ouO
(SeAs). The actual event will take place in the field that is shared between the schools and will
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be held on two days throughout the academic year, during school hours. For the entire month, c.Il..aoe ~unl
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there will be promotion and advertising of this event around the school leading up to the actual @n Q8QtV~_
day. The first date will likely be around the month of September or October, and again near the f{lddf fJIfflb
C~ tote.
end of the school year in Mayor June for optimal weather conditions. A barbeque picnic will be »« affwn4
held after school on these two days for the parents and families of the children so that it provides
an OPPO~1 for the community members to get acquainted with each other and make
conn . tions. 7e to the diverse cultural and religious backgrounds of the members, careful
In regards to the resources that we need to effectively deliver this program is some
onal protective equipment such as gloves so that the students are able to pick up the garbage
safely. In addition, cleaning supplies for example, garbage bags, recycling bins and garbage cans
would be needed. Supplies that are to be used for school include paints, paint brush, pencil
crayon, paper, and posters. Since we decided to have a barbeque picnic, we also need to have
beverages, snacks, and refreshments for the families of the students which will be about 500
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people. This wi'h require the involvement of many people and volunteers to prepare for this
event. However, even though we have access;o all the supplies, most importantly, families and
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people in the Bendale area need to be willing to come out participate to make this a success.
The criteria and indicators for evaluating whether the goals and objectives were met will
be mostly based on observations such as: interaction among students from different schools in
their participation ofthe clean-up day and t7after; increase of events in the community
including more collaborative events between the schools; and promotion of this program being
implemented for (e future. Other criteria would include: healthy environment awareness from
the government by having extra garbage bins visible and made acce~'lible to the public, as well
• ~~0 ~b ~~)~ ~fL()(~(,\ A~?-
as positive feedback about community integrity from residents (Edwards, Etoma, & Kennedy,
2008). '\ t~ ~ ~a.-> ~ C\d '\dkJ~~qCJj\ ~ ~~()S\ ~J wdl (\cl~ (cJ)oeJ .
~ ~G0 ~~d ~~ OSJ CX\ O~- ~~~ ~dR) ~ ~ (). ~~t(' s\\Q~~qwl{\\((l U
our program. Formative is a type of evaluation that takes places during the planning and
implementation phase of the program and improves each activity along the proce~Pj~ile
summative i a type of evaluation that occurs at the end of program and measures all activities
C~)
. the .ompletion of the evaluation. Summative evaluation is used more often when decisions
ut rh .cnrinuarion of the program needs to be made and thus can implement any changes
Bendale Community Planning Implementing & Evaluating 10
J...I,..o ••••.••••.••• in the future (Gillespie, Yap, Singleton, & Elam, 009; chreiber, Stem, Marchetti, &
_ vident, 2009; Jurg, De Meij, Van Der Wal, & Koelen, 2008). The e aluation plan used for this
health promotion program will be throughout the planning and implementing phase and on the
day of the clean up. Due to the campaign being held twice a school ear it provides the
opportunity to apply the formative jluation at the end of the first BBQ picnic and integrate
these changes to the second event, allowing for the use of the summative evaluation for the very
end. Using formative and summative evaluation, goals and objectives will be measured in the
evaluation stage where achievement will be assessed in terms of success. Questionnaires and
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environmental clean scale will be developed throughout the planning phase in accordance jo the
activities in the program. References of the scale on the cleanness of the environment might be \
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borrowed from previous health promotion program/programs or the City of Toronto. The
stakeholder and gatekeeper will be engaged in the evaluation process where feedback will be
provided in written and verbal forms. Surveys will be distributed to the participants on clean up
day after tasks are completed. Simple questions will be asked to the students participating on the
clean up day including their feeling of the day, their satisfaction on helpin~ out to achieve clean ,
,\.our L\ ~ ffi~ ~\~~ a\\ s~~ ~cX1\ Ql\ sdcd5 ore.~~k (0' 0(\
environment and whether they made new frie~ds through this health promotion program. A vfl~~\C. OQ'd--
separate questionnaire will be handed out to the parents participating in the clean up day, asking &1".) m{~~Jhcl
)P't hei .
err point ~i·
'Y'"~Views 0f th e success 0
f th e program. U pon comp I'
etion 0 f t hee clean up d ay, an 612.-0- ~Q.ldl
c ean un _ t. (.
.
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environmental scale will be used to assess the environment and its sanitation. After clean up day,
an evaluator will be going to the school to share the success, and improvements ofthe health
I'ek cl~
promotion program to the school boards. The evaluator will follow up on the created clean
~~Y-&o1.:R.~ C'\'&~~~~l~ ~ .../
environment clubs within's~h~dis t~~ughout the program and future plans on other clean up
days throughout the year. For sustainability of the program, a program evaluator will come
Bendale Community Planning, Implementing & Evaluating 11
~:::c=e:e - ond clean up day using the same environmental clean scan to assess the
A major challenge of implementing this 7ram is related to overcoming the issue of our
aJ.::TIiD.uni health diagnosis, which is a lack of community integration. This lack of integration
:/
make it difficult to engage the community to participate in the event, thus the greatest
enge would be in bringing the community together for the event to be successful.
Furthermore, making this issue important to community members so that they are willing to
participate is also a difficult task to be'undertaken, however the school promotion and influence
of the students on their families is a measure put into place to overcome this. Another challenge
is related to age, as the children who are participating are of varied ages and will need proper
~
supervision, protection and permission. These issues have been addressed in forms to bring home
for parents to sign, the use of protective e7ent and volunteer supervision from adults in the
Thus, although the community has a lack of integration it also has multiple strengths
which make it a good candidatefor the program we have suggested. A large population of
schools at the centre of the community and ~e space waiting to be utilized show that great
potential exists for improving the interactions among community members as well as the
physical environment. Furthermore, by taking advantage of the greatest resource the community
/
has to offer; the students who attend the local schools, positive change for the future generations
community".
comprised of the
parents/guardians of the
students.
community.
ually.
environment.
(; 0.0-\\'\ - ~\) &~tt.rt
• Household recycling will increase - ~"-.) \\ <i\c"f(\ Q~ Gmlb
\i ~~ 1.<\ ~()L~ ~\,\~{\ "~~o\.-" .. -=.'-
• There are three objectives that would be accomplished: '- ~~~
their community.
community.
. Q<6(}.\(\-!\I2i-OO IQ ~ ~~~~a
\-~
\~ ~OJ(" ~
environmental clean-up.
/hO~ (no~ 0R. ~l~
• Uf parents/ families will attend the environmental clean
up
Bendale Community Planning, Implementing & Evaluating 14
~(l~
forms and letter sent home to encourage involvement.
-lI$3J.r~
,-
Political action to lobby local politici for funding for extra
government support.
Bendale Community Planning, Implementing & Evaluating 15
recommendations
t e?
• Supporting learning environment ~ \}.)~cls QCI-C l~ ~ OC'\ \
preparation. V
advertising materials;
success.
CA ~ ~ OS:kq~d.-:;:~~ \\~ -l ~(
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