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EQUIPMENTS:
Anvil
The anvil serves as a work bench, where the metal to be forged is placed. Anvils
are made of cast or wrought iron with a tool steel face welded on or of a single
piece of cast or forged tool steel. The flat top has two holes; the square hole is
called the hardy hole, where the square shank of the hardy fits. The smaller hole
is called the punch hole, used as a bolster when punching holes in hot metal.
Hammer:
Hand Hammers: weigh from2 3 lbs used for sticking the job with light and
quick blown in succession an also for drawing and upsetting the end of the bar.
Sledge Hammers: weigh from 10 -20 lbs with shafts from 3 ft to 3.5 ft long.
Chisels
Chisels are made of high carbon steel. They are hardened and tempered at the
cutting edge while the head is left soft so it will not crack when hammered.
Chisels are of two types, hot and cold chisels. The cold chisel is used for cutting
cold metals while the hot chisel is for hot metals. Usually hot chisels are thinner
and therefore can not be substituted with cold chisels.
Tongs
Tongs are used by the blacksmith for holding hot metals securely. The mouths
are custom made by the smith in various shapes to suit the gripping of various
shapes of metal. The tongs used in smithy shops are shown in the following
figure.
Fullers
Fullers are forming tools of different shapes used in making grooves or hollows.
They are often used in pairs, the bottom fuller has a square shank which fits into
the hardy hole in the anvil while the top fuller has a handle. The work is placed
on the bottom fuller and the top is placed on the work and struck with a
hammer. The top fuller is also used for finishing round corners and for stretching
or spreading metal.
Slack Tub
A slack tub is usually a large container full of water, brine or oil used by a
blacksmith to quench hot metal. The term is believed to derive from the word
"slake", as in slaking the heat. The slack tub rapidly cools the workpiece in a
large body of water. The slack tub also provides water to control the fire in the
forge.
Forge
A forge is a hearth used for forging. The forge heats the workpiece to a
malleable temperature (a temperature where the metal becomes easier to
shape) or to the point where work hardening no longer occurs. A forge typically
uses bituminous coal, industrial coke or charcoal as the fuel to heat metal. The
forge fire is controlled in three ways: amount of air, volume of fuel, and shape of
the fuel/fire.
Practice 1
7- Now place it in fire again till red hot and then put it on the anvil. Cut
the piece from marks with the help of chisel.
8- Place it again in the fire till red hot and then put it in hardy hole of the
anvil and bend it with the help of hand hammer and tongs to make
supporting hook.
9- Cool it in slack tub.
Precautions
2- The red hot metal must be firmly kept in tongs while hammering
3-Never touch the hot iron piece before dipping it in water.
Practice 2