Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
qxd
112
2/3/10
12:59 PM
Page 112
Topical Questions
These questions are keyed to the major topics in the chapter.
Usually a question that is answered at the back of this book
is paired with a similar one that is not.
Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part.
49303_ch03_0075-0119.qxd
2/3/10
12:59 PM
Page 113
30. Predict the charges of the ions in an ionic compound composed of barium and bromine.
31. Predict the charges of the ions in calcium chloride, an
ionic compound.
32. Predict the charges for ions of these elements.
(a) Magnesium
(b) Zinc
(c) Iron
(d) Gallium
33. Predict the charges for ions of these elements.
(a) Selenium
(b) Fluorine
(c) Silver
(d) Nitrogen
34. Cobalt is a transition metal and so can form ions with at
least two different charges. Write the formulas for the
compounds formed between cobalt ions and the oxide
ion.
35. Although not a transition element, lead can form two
cations: Pb2! and Pb4!. Write the formulas for the compounds of these ions with the chloride ion.
36. Which of these are the correct formulas of compounds?
For those that are not, give the correct formula.
(a) AlCl
(b) NaF2
(c) Ga2O3
(d) MgS
37. Which of these are the correct formulas of compounds?
For those that are not, give the correct formula.
(a) Ca2O
(b) SrCl2
(c) Fe2O5
(d) K2O
38. A monatomic ion X2! has 23 electrons and 27 neutrons.
Identify element X.
39. A monatomic ion X2! has 22 electrons and 28 neutrons.
Identify element X.
113
Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part.
49303_ch03_0075-0119.qxd
2/3/10
12:59 PM
Page 115
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
115
89. A certain metal, M, forms two oxides, M2O and MO. If the
percent by mass of M in M2O is 73.4%, what is its percent
by mass in MO?
90. Three oxygen-containing compounds of iron are FeCO3,
Fe2O3, and Fe3O4. What are the percentages of iron in
each of these iron compounds?
91. The copper-containing compound Cu(NH3)4SO4 !H2O is a
beautiful blue solid. Calculate the molar mass of the compound and the mass percent of each element.
92. Sucrose, table sugar, is C12H22O11. When sucrose is heated,
water is driven off. How many grams of pure carbon can
be obtained from exactly one pound of sugar?
93. Carbonic anhydrase, an important enzyme in mammalian
respiration, is a large zinc-containing protein with a molar
mass of 3.00 " 104 g/mol. The zinc is 0.218% by mass of
the protein. How many zinc atoms does each carbonic anhydrase molecule contain?
94. Nitrogen fixation in the root nodules of peas and other
legumes occurs with a reaction involving a molybdenumcontaining enzyme named nitrogenase. This enzyme contains two Mo atoms per molecule and is 0.0872% Mo by
mass. What is the molar mass of the enzyme?
95. If you heat Al with an element from Group 6A, an ionic
compound is formed that contains 18.55% Al by mass.
(a) What is the likely charge on the nonmetal in the compound formed?
(b) Using X to represent the nonmetal, what is the empirical formula for this ionic compound?
(c) Which element in Group 6A has been combined
with Al?
96. Disilane, Si2Hx, contains 90.28% silicon by mass. What is
the value of x in this compound?
97. Chalky, white crystals in mineral collections are often labeled borax, which has the molecular formula Na2B4O7 !
10 H2O, when actually they are partially dehydrated samples with the molecular formula Na2B4O7 !5 H2O, which is
more stable under the storage conditions. Real crystals of
borax are colorless, transparent crystals.
(a) What percent of the mass has the mineral lost when it
partially dehydrates?
(b) Will the percent boron by mass be the same in the
two compounds?
Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part.
49303_ch03_0075-0119.qxd
116
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
2/3/10
12:59 PM
Page 116
7.74% H. Its molar mass is 26.02 g/mol. Calculate the empirical and molecular formulas.
A compound contains 38.67% K, 13.85% N, and 47.47% O
by mass. What is the empirical formula of the compound?
A compound contains 36.76% Fe, 21.11% S, and 42.13% O
by mass. What is the empirical formula of the compound?
There is a large family of boron-hydrogen compounds
called boron hydrides. All have the formula BxHy and almost all react with air and burn or explode. One member
of this family contains 88.5% B; the remainder is hydrogen.
Which of these is its empirical formula: BH2, BH3, B2H5,
B5H7, B5H11?
Nitrogen and oxygen form an extensive series of at least
seven oxides of general formula NxOy. One of them is a
blue solid that comes apart, or dissociates, reversibly, in
the gas phase. It contains 36.84% N. What is the empirical
formula of this oxide?
Cumene, a hydrocarbon, is 89.94% carbon, and its molar
mass is 120.2 g/mol. What are the empirical and molecular formulas of cumene?
Acetic acid is the important ingredient in vinegar. It is
composed of carbon (40.0%), hydrogen (6.71%), and oxygen (53.29%). Its molar mass is 60.0 g/mol. Determine the
empirical and molecular formulas of the acid.
An analysis of nicotine, a poisonous compound found in
tobacco leaves, shows that it is 74.0% C, 8.65% H, and
17.35% N. Its molar mass is 162 g/mol. What are the empirical and molecular formulas of nicotine?
Cacodyl, a compound containing arsenic, was reported in
1842 by the German chemist Bunsen. It has an almost intolerable garlic-like odor. Its molar mass is 210. g/mol, and
it is 22.88% C, 5.76% H, and 71.36% As. Determine its empirical and molecular formulas.
The action of bacteria on meat and fish produces a poisonous and stinky compound called cadaverine. It is
58.77% C, 13.81% H, and 27.42% N. Its molar mass is
102.2 g/mol. Determine the molecular formula of
cadaverine.
DDT is an insecticide with this percent composition:
47.5% C, 2.54% H, and the remainder chlorine. What is
the empirical formula of DDT?
If blue vitriol, CuSO4 !x H2O, is heated, all of the water of
hydration is lost. When a 5.172-g sample of the hydrate is
heated, 3.306 g CuSO4 remains. How many molecules of
water are there per formula unit of blue vitriol?
The alum used in cooking is potassium aluminum sulfate
hydrate, KAl(SO4)2 ! x H2O. To find the value of x, you can
heat a sample of the compound to drive off all the water
and leave only KAl(SO4)2. Assume that you heat 4.74 g of
the hydrated compound and that it loses 2.16 g water.
What is the value of x?
General Questions
These questions are not explicitly keyed to chapter topics;
many require integration of several concepts.
121. (a) Draw a diagram showing the crystal lattice of sodium
chloride, NaCl. Show clearly why such a crystal can
be cleaved easily by tapping on a knife blade properly
aligned along the crystal.
(b) Describe in words why the cleavage occurs as it does.
122. Give the molecular formula for each of these molecules.
(a)
CH3
O2N
C
C
C
C
(b)
NO2
H NH2
HO9C9C9H
H C"O
OH
NO2
trinitrotoluene, TNT
Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part.