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ELSEVIER
0141-1187(95)00007-0
(Received 2 February
This paper describes some higher-order boundary element methods and presents a
novel integral equation for the calculation of the wave diffraction and radiation
problem. A higher-order element discretisation of the resulting integral equation
is used. An examination of the convergence and CPU time is carried out, and the
results demonstrate the advantages of the new method.
1 INTRODUCTION
72
B. Teng, R. Eatock
EQUATION
Taylor
cm4(xo)
-
C(XO)~(XO)
- Js.
aG(;;
xo)
cb(x)ds
=-
J G(x, x01Vx)ds
SB
(1)
(2)
where K is the number of nodes in the element, 4k are
the nodal potentials, and (<, 7) are local intrinsic
J ~1,:
n=l
Gf'(C,
dI446
$1
d5dv
=-cJJ
!l=l
NE
2
1
-1
where J&,7)
is the Jacobian relating the global
coordinates and the local intrinsic coordinates in the
nth element. After assembling the equations for
each element, we obtain the following set of linear
equations
where No is the total number of nodes on the body
surface.
3 INTEGRAL
EQUATIONS
73
(1=U
=--
where
2 1/2
c>+o>
+Is,aG;;
)#(x0) ds
s,
r5,, =
Wx, x0>
@(x0)- 4(x))ds
&
SB
SB
[R2+ (z +
G2 = -f
7r
s 2
I
(8)
where
[R2+ (2 - zo)2]12,rl
[R+ (2 + zo)2]12,
and
R = [(x -
integral equation
as
xo)2+ (y - yo)2]12
f,;+$+$
1
>
(13)
Y =
(11)
( JJ
-&-
z. - 2nd)2] 12
(6)
Go(x, x0) =
zo + 2nd)]j2
2 l/2
J G(X>%MXo)ds
JJ
Ux>
ds
JJW,xo>
[R2+ (z +
r4 = [R2 + (z - z. + 2nd) ]
dx dr
~(xo)~-~w~)
+(x0)
ds = - JJsBGvds
(14)
(15)
We describe this last approach as method C.
74
Table 1. Convergence of new method (method C) with difiereot meshes on the bode
hIa
Mesh
Case
ka=0.5
ka= 1.0
ka= 1.5
ka=2.0
2.0
20
2.0
2.0
1Cl
2c2
4c4
Analytical
1
2
3
4.71794
4.79228
4.79817
4.79871
4.20143
4.15299
4.15394
4.15405
2.79375
2.39285
2.63219
2.63227
2.15075
1.75941
1.76064
1.76072
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1Cl
2c2
4c4
Analytical
4
5
6
2.84447
2.90674
2.91140
2.91175
3.26350
3.27865
3.28154
3.28175
2.43544
2.39285
2.39433
2.39443
1.81624
1.69756
1.69847
1.69853
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
lC1
2c2
4c4
Analytical
7
8
9
1.50231
1.54077
1.54285
1.54321
1.96959
1.98940
1.99097
1.99129
1.68940
1.67907
1.68003
1.68019
1.38274
1.34109
1.34185
1.34186
Table 2. Convergence of new method (method C) with different meshes on the inner sea bed
h/a
Mesh
Case
ka=0.5
ka= 1.0
ka= 1.5
ka=2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
4Cl
4C2
4c4
Analytical
1
2
3
4.79630
4.79805
4.79817
4.79871
4.15323
4.15386
4.15394
4.15405
2.63208
2.63218
2.63219
2.63227
1.76066
1.76065
1.76064
1.76072
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
4Cl
4C2
4c4
Analytical
4
5
6
2.90859
2.91122
2.91140
2.91175
3.28012
3.28146
3.28154
3.28175
2.39405
2.39431
2.39433
2.39443
1.69847
1.69847
1.69847
1.69853
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
4Cl
4C2
4c4
Analytical
7
8
9
1.54158
1.54263
1.54285
1.54321
1.99007
1.99084
1.99097
1.99129
1.67945
1.68001
1.68003
1.68019
1.34113
1.34186
1.34185
1.34186
4 NUMERICAL
RESULTS
AND
DISCUSSION
Table 3. Convergence of method A with different meshes on the inner sea bed
h/a
Mesh
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
4Al
4A2
4A4
Analytical
4Al
4A2
4A4
Analytical
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
4Al
4A2
4A4
Analvtical
Case
ka=0.5
ka= 1.0
ka= 1.5
ka= 2.0
4.80287
4.80222
4.79817
4.79871
2.91312
2.91233
2.91134
2.91175
1.54349
1.54316
1.54276
1.54321
4.14502
4.15764
4.15398
4.15405
2.63127
2.63238
2.63220
2.63227
1.76840
1.75980
1.76063
1.76072
3.27392
3.28262
3.28148
3.28175
1.98590
1.99128
1.99080
1.99129
2.39340
2.39451
2.39432
2.39443
1.67947
1.68563
1.67997
1.68019
1.70610
1.69815
1.69848
1.69853
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1.34871
1.34171
1.34188
1.34186
75
ka= 1.0
ka= 1.5
ka=2.0
1
2
3
4.78880
4.79724
4.79800
4.79871
2.63165
2.63213
2.63218
2.63227
1.76078
T20
T5
T2
Analytical
4
5
6
2.90012
2.91041
2.91121
2.91175
4.15025
4.15355
4.15384
4.15405
3.27586
3.28104
3.28144
3.28175
2.39337
2.39424
2.39431
2.39443
1.69869
1.69849
1.69847
1.69853
T20
T5
T2
Analytical
7
8
9
1.53371
1.54219
1.54278
1.54321
1.98572
1.99061
1.99095
1.99129
1.67901
1.67998
1.68004
1.68019
1.34210
1.34186
1.34184
1.34186
h/a
Tolerance
Case
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
T20
T5
T2
Analytical
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
1.76066
1.76065
1.76072
hIa
Case
New
method (method C)
Method A
Method B
2.0
2.0
2.0
2
3
0.97
0.98
1.oo
0.93
0.95
1.07
1.32
1.61
2.20
1.0
1.0
1.0
4
5
6
0.95
0.96
1.oo
0.92
0.93
1.04
1.35
1.78
2.64
0.5
0.5
0.5
7
8
9
0.98
0.98
1.oo
0.97
1.oo
1.12
1.12
1.62
2.56
Method
Method
Method
Method
Method
Method
Analytical
A, mesh 4Al
A, mesh 4A2
A, mesh 4A4
B
C
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
5.3814
5.3799
5.3753
5.3753
5.3753
4.2084
4.2219
4.2197
4.2197
4.2197
2.6361
2.6374
2.6375
2.6374
2.6374
1.7683
1.7604
1.7611
1.7611
1.7611
5.3714
4.2202
2.6376
1.7612
76
0.5
0.29181
0.29177
0.29178
0.29178
0.29178
0.29036
1.0
2.796x
2.793x
2.796x
2.796x
2.796x
2.768x
1.5
lo-O2
lo-O2
10m02
lo-O2
10-O*
10m02
2.926x
2.895x
2.892x
2.892x
2.892x
2.845x
lo-O3
lo-O3
10m03
lo-O3
lo-O3
lo-O3
2.0
3.530x lo-O4
3.406x10-O4
3.19ox1o-o4
3.190x lo-O4
3.190x lo-O4
3.079x lo-O4
5 SUMMARY
AND CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
1. Hess, J. L. and Smith, A. M. O., Calculation
of non-lifting
New higher-order
boundary
71
element methods
8. Eatock Taylor, R. and Chau, F. P., Wave diffraction-
some developments
theory. J.
571-81.
10. Li, H. B., Han, G. M. and Mang, H. A., A new method for
evaluating singular integrals in stress analysis of solids by
the direct boundary element method. Znt. J. Num. Meth. in
Engng, 211 (1985) 2071-5.