A STUDY OF

ATM & DEPOSIT MACHINE

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE
(BANKING & INSURANCE)
SEMESTER V
(2015-16)

SUBMITTED BY
RAJPUT MANPREET SINGH
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
PROF. SAMMA NARANG

SINDHU EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY

SWAMI HANSMUNI MAHARAJ DEGREE COLLEGE
OF COMMERCE
NETAJI ROAD, ULHASNAGAR-4

A STUDY OF
ATM & DEPOSIT MACHINE
Bachelor of commerce
(Banking & Insurance)
Semester V
(2015-16)

Submitted
In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the Award of Degree of Bachelor
of Commerce - Banking & Insurance

By
RAJPUT MANPREET SINGH
Seat No-1150303
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
PROF. SAMMA NARANG

SINDHU EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY

SWAMI HANSMUNI MAHARAJ DEGREE
COLLEGE OF COMMERCE
NETAJI ROAD,
ULHASNAGAR-4

SINDHU EDUCATIONAL SOCIETYS

SWAMI HANSMUNI MAHARAJ DEGREE
COLLEGE OF COMMERCE,

2015-2016
This to certify that, RAJPUT MANPREET SINGH of B.com (Banking
and Insurance) Semester-V (2015-16) has successfully completed the project
on A STUDY OF ATM & DEPOSIT MACHINE under the guidance of
Prof. SAMMA NARANG.
Date:Place- Ulhasnagar.

(Prof. Mrs. Samma Narang)

Project Guide
External Examiner

(Prof. Vandana Kodwani)

BBI Coordinator
(Dr. Prema Gurbaxani)

Principal

Rajput Manpreet Singh

Seat No. 1150303

DECLARATION
Date-

I, RAJPUT MANPREET SINGH the student of B.com (Banking &

Insurance) Semester- V (2015-16) hereby declare that I have completed the
project on A STUDY OF ATM & DEPOSIT MACHINE successfully.
The information submitted in this project is true and original to the best of
my knowledge.
Thank you,

Yours faithfully,

RAJPUT MANPREET SINGH

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At the beginning, I would like to thank Almighty GOD for his shower of
blessings. The desire of completing this dissertation was given a way by my
guide Prof. Samma Narang. I am very thankful to her for the guidance,
support and for sparing her precious time from a busy and hectic schedule.

I am thankful to Dr. Prema Gurbaxani, Principal of SHM College where I

am a student in Commerce. My sincere thanks to Prof. Samma Narang
who always motivated and provided a helping hand for conceiving higher
education.
I would fail in my duty if I dont thank my parents who are pillars to my life.
Finally, I would express my gratitude to all those persons who directly and
indirectly helped me in completing dissertation.

Rajput Manpreet Singh

DECLARATION

Date-

I the undersigned PROF. SAMMA NARANG, have guided RAJPUT

MANPREET SINGH for his project, he has completed the project A
STUDY OF ATM & DEPOSIT MACHINE successfully.
I, hereby, declared that information provided in this project is true as per
student to the best of my knowledge.
Thank you,
Yours faithfully,
Prof. Samma Narang

Literature Review

The purpose of this paper is to review literature on the impact of adoption of

ATM technology from the perspective of customers, banks and suppliers. As
per the changing demand of the customers, innovative software solutions are
regularly released. Similarly, banks are deploying CRM technology to
facilitate personalized needs of customers on one to one basis. Suppliers of
ATMs are also under pressure to provide ATMs to banks which can meet the

latest customer needs.

Abstract:

Indian banking system touches the lives of millions of people and it is growing at a fast
pace. Banking industry in India is facing number of challenges like changing needs and
perceptions of customers, new regulations from time to time and great advances in
technologies. The pressure of meeting these challenges have compelled banks to change
the old ways of doing business. The research paper focuses on how the technology has
transformed the face of banking in India. Indias banking system has seen some major
financial innovations in the past decades which lead to tremendous improvements in
banking services and operations. The various innovations in banking and financial sector
are ATM, Debit and Credit cards, Deposit Machine and many more value added products
and services. This paper also highlights the benefits and challenges of changing banking
trends. Banks are investing heavily in adoption of these innovations. The need of hour is
to design such a system that encourages the efficiency of investment in innovations and
widens the gap between revenues and costs involved with reference to technological up
gradation

Content
Sr. no.

Pg.
No.


1.

2.
3.

INTRODUCTION
UNIT-1
Introduction To ATM

01-13
14-17

Introduction
ATM Meaning
ATM Network
Inter-Connectivity Of ATM Network

18-21

Hard cash transaction

Review Of ATM Machine

Brief History Of Bank ATM

22-27

Features Of ATM
Self-Service Kiosks
Business & Customer Benefit

Detail Study Of ATM

Versatility Of ATM
Challenges in Using ATM

Sr.
no.

ATM As An Effective Marketing Channel

Content

Pg.
No.

4.

Role Of RBI

28-33

Changes Made By RBI

New Rule For ATM Customer

5.

Reason For Framing New Rules By RBI

Comparison of ATM usage charges

34-36

1.

Introduction To ATM Encryption Method

Introduction
Hardware & Software
ATM Encryption Method
Smart Intruders
UNIT-2
Introduction To Cash Deposit Machine

37-40

Cash Deposit Machine

Why Use A CDM
How Does CDM Help You
Salient Features
Advantages

Content
Sr. no.

Pg.
No.

2.

41-44

Detail Study
System Overview
CDM Provide Busy Customer Service
Customer Requirement
Benefits
Customer Require Fast Technology

UNIT-3

ANALYSIS OF DATA

Findings
Conclusion
Questionnaire
Bibliography

UNIT-1

45-50
51
52
53-54
55

CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION TO ATM MACHINE

Introduction

Banking industry in India has also achieved a new height with the changing times.
Customer services and customer satisfaction are prime responsibilities of banks now
days. Information technology has given rise to new innovations in the product designing
and their delivery in the banking and finance industries. Technology offers a chance for
banks to build new systems that address a wide range of customer needs including many
that may not be imaginable today. Banking through internet has emerged as a strategic
resource for achieving higher efficiency, control of operations and reduction of cost by
replacing paper based and labor intensive methods with automated processes thus leading
to higher productivity and profitability. Financial innovation associated with
technological change totally changed the banking philosophy and that is further tuned by
the competition in the banking industry. Challenging business environment within the
banking system create more innovation in the fields of product, process and market.

As the most highly used customer access channel in retail banking, the ATM is a critical
customer touch point. Recent ATM innovations offer financial institutions the
opportunity to transform the ATM from a cash dispenser to a customer relationship
management tool, helping to enhance loyalty among all customers, particularly those
who almost exclusively use the ATM. From transaction personalization to customized,
one-to-one marketing capabilities, the future of ATMs is in their value as customer
relationship and marketing vehicles, allowing financial institutions to mitigate the
trend of declining ATM profitability while maximizing the potential of their ATM
programs.

.15

ATM
ATM means neither AVOIDS TRAVELING WITH MONEY nor ANY TIME
MONEY, but certainly implies both. Slim ATM cards are fast replacing confounding
withdrawal forms as a convenient way of getting your money from banks. In a way, they
are rewriting the rules of financial transaction. A smart person no longer needs to carry a
wallet-full of paper money on his person. All he needs to do is fish out an ATM
(automated teller machine) card, insert it in the slot, punch in a few details and go home
with hard cash. Automated teller machines (ATMs) were the first well-known machines
to provide electronic access to customers. With advent of Automatic Teller Machines
(ATM), banks are able to serve customers outside the banking hall. ATM is designed to
perform the most important function of bank. It is operated by plastic card with its special
features. The plastic card is replacing cheques, personal attendance of the customer,
banking hours restrictions and paper based verification. ATMs have made hard cash just
seconds away all throughout the day at every corner of the globe. ATMs allow you to do a
number of banking functions such as withdrawing cash from ones account, making
balance inquiries and transferring money from one account to another using a plastic,
magnetic-stripe card and personal identification number issued by the financial
institution. The Indian ATM industry has seen explosive growth in recent times. ATMs
represent the single largest investment in the electronic channel services for the Banks. In
India, HSBC set the trend and set up the first ATM machine here in 1987. Since then,
they have become a common sight in many of our metros. Automated Teller Machines

(ATMs) have gained prominence as a delivery channel for banking transactions in India.
Banks have been deploying ATMs to increase their reach. While ATMs facilitate a variety
of banking transactions for customers, their main utility has been for cash withdrawal and
balance enquiry. As at the end of October 2007, the number of ATMs deployed in India
was 31,078. According to some estimates the total cash movement through ATMs across
India was around Rs. 70,000 crore in FY 06. Clearly, industry watchers forecast a bright
future.

.16

For ATMs in India. While the ATM is a great service for customers, for the banks it means
immense savings on the cost of operations. While a typical cash transaction carried out in
a banks branch premise would cost Rs 40 that in an ATM will only cost Rs 18translating
into a cost saving of Rs 22 per transaction.

First ATM in India

Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) introduced ATM concept in
India first time in 1987. But now almost every bank provides ATM facilities to their
customers. ICICI bank has most number of ATM centers across India. The other banks
UTI, HDFC and IDBI are leading in providing ATM facilities to their customers. Public
Sector Banks are also taking the installation of ATMs seriously for Indian market. They
are either setting up their own ATM centers or entering into tie-ups with other banks. The
Corporation Bank has the second largest network of ATMs amongst the Public Sector
Banks in India.

ATM Networks : The ATMs of a bank are connected to the accounting platform of
the bank through ATM switches. Inter-bank ATM networks are created by setting up apex
level switches to the use of ATM cards of one bank at the ATM(s) of other banks for basic
services like cash withdrawal and balance enquiry. Banks owning the ATMs charge a fee
for providing the ATM facility to the customers of other banks.

Inter-connectivity of ATM Networks for enhanced access

Inter-connectivity of ATM Networks provides access to the customers to use any ATM
in the country irrespective of the bank with which the customer is banking. There are a
number of ATM network switches such as CashTree, BANCS, CashnetMitr and
National Financial Switch (NFS). In addition, most ATM switches are also linked to
VISA or MasterCard gateways.

Why do banks prefer online transactions rather than hard cash? How are they
benefited?
Money in the form of bills or coins; "there is a desperate shortage of hard cash"
Electronic money, or e-money, is the money balance recorded electronically on a card.
Another form of electronic money is network money, software that allows the transfer of
value on computer networks, particularly the internet. Electronic money is a floating
claim on a private bank or other financial institution that is not linked to any particular
account. Thus, electronic money is used rather than hard cash..

17

CHAPTER-2
REVIEW OF ATM MACHINE

Brief History of the Banks Having Large No. of ATM Channels

The State Bank of India (SBI) is the oldest and largest bank in the country. Its origins
go back to the first decade of the 19th century, when the Bank of Calcutta was established
on 2 June 1806. The bank got its present name after an Act of Parliament in May 1955
and the State Bank of India was constituted on 1 July 1955. Today, SBI has a
phenomenal 9,559 branches and its ATM network is spread across 6,473 of its own
locations& total 8,000ATMs including of those of its associate banks.
ICICI Bank India is the largest private sector bank. Its banking products and financial
services are some of the superior ones. The reach and market of ICICI Bank is unmatched
in India as yet.It offers a countrywide network of 1,000 branches and 3,680 ATMs
reaching out to your doorsteps.
The Housing Development Finance Corporation (HDFC) Bank is one of the first banks

in India to offer its customers the bill pay facility. HDFC Bank is also a leader in online
purchase (using the HDFC Bank DirectPay product). The bank also offers its customers
a free personalized payable-at-par chequebook and services like real time gross
settlement and national electronic fund transfer. HDFC Bank was among the first to
receive an in principle approval from the RBI to set up a bank in the private sector as
part of the liberalization of the Indian banking industry in 1994. The bank has
1,148branches and 1,647 ATMs network spread across the country.

.18

Features of ATM

Cash withdrawal
Mobile phone recharge vouchers are available
Deposit cash and cheques (at selected ATMs)
Obtain a summary of balances for all your accounts
View and print a mini-statement (last 10 transactions)
Transfer money between linked accounts

Using ATMs as self-service kiosks for value-added services

By using self-service channels, consumers can purchase a variety of goods and services
without the help of a sales assistant. These interactive, self-service channels can be applied to
a number of areas.
ATMs still happen to be big crowd pullers for banks. They are now being increasingly used
to provide other services like credit card payments since the interface of an ATM is easy to
navigate, explore and use. It is a logical move to use ATMs to provide other value added
services. This is also supported by the fact that among self-help kiosks, ATMs have the best
penetration in many regions and this density is likely to grow. Currently, an ATM is
equipped with a card reader, a cash dispenser, a cash/envelope collector, and a printer. Using
these, a cardholder can conduct financial transactions such as cash withdrawal, cash or
check deposit, payment of utility bills, printout of mini account statements, and transfer of

money between linked accounts.

.19

Business benefits of using ATMs as self-service kiosks

ATMs provide the following advantages to the customer as well as the business:
1. Enhanced customer experience: ATMs can help enterprises retain and grow their
customer base by enhancing customer experience.

Customer convenience: ATMs can extend the transaction hours on bill payments,
ticketing, fee payment, and other transactions beyond office hours and beyond
branch premises to convenient locations.

Ease of use: ATMs have a simple UI that most bank customers find easy to use and
are familiar with. As mentioned earlier, many ATMs use local language and
biometrics for authentication, unlike internet or mobile interfaces that require the
user to be net literate, or websites that do not have regional customization
implemented. In many cases, the UI of some websites is not as user friendly.

2. Better quality of transactions: The quality of transactions via ATMs is better than those
on the Internet or mobile.

Persistent connectivity: ATMs provide dedicated and assured connectivity, unlike

the internet connection in many regions; ATMs provide dedicated and assured
connectivity.

Security: Transactions on ATMs are more secure than those on the internet. The
web is more vulnerable to hacking, viruses, phishing, etc. The introduction of the
Europay, MasterCard and Visa (EMV) standard, biometrics, contactless cards, and
mobile authentication further reduces chances of fraud in ATM transactions.

Customers benefits of Using an ATM

In an ever changing world of technology, everything gets faster, more convenient, and
more technologically advanced. The debit card has now been main stream in most
financial institutions for almost 20 years now. The advantages of using an automated
teller machine for customer are

.20

Convenience
A debit card can be convenient in so many ways. If you need access to cash
and are either far away from your bank or after bank hours, you can still get
cash if you need it. Using a debit card speeds up lines at any place of
business by saving you from having to write a check; just swipe and your
purchase is completed. Most debit cards have the VISA or Master card logo
which is accepted almost anywhere, worldwide.

Protection
There is several ways that a debit card offers protection. First, if your cash
is lost or stolen, it cannot be replaced, it is gone. A debit card on the other
hand can be cancelled and a new one can be ordered. If someone did get the

card or card number before you realize it is gone, it has daily limit of
Rs.500 for cash or Rs.3000 for purchases. In addition, you are not liable for
fraudulent purchases. An unauthorized transaction can always be disputed
and refunded.

Budget
When a debit card is used appropriately, it can help you budget much more
than a credit card. Most debit cards stop allowing transactions once your
balance is at zero, which also can save on fees such as overdrafts.

.21

CHAPTER-3
DETAIL STUDY OF ATM MACHINE
Tapping into the versatility of ATMs
ATMs have become the most popular channel of consumer interaction and the most used
marketing tool to reach a variety of geographies and increase regulated financial
penetration. The latest trend in unattended devices with touch screens combines a secure
payment solution with a multimedia delivery platform capable of delivering targeted
branding, promotions, etc.
Given the wide range of user demographics, ATMs employ a simple and easy-to-use

graphic user interface (GUI). They employ a limited set of keys, each transaction can be
completed in a few steps, each step is accompanied by an on-screen prompt for the user,
the on-screen text can also be displayed in a local-language, and the text is
Usually accompanied by images to enhance understanding. This makes ATM kiosks
extremely user friendly. Using ATMs, some of the potential value added services that
could be dispensed are:

Bill payments
Long queues at collection centers or insufficient literacy for online payments pose
a serious problem for consumers while paying utility bills. Hence, bill payment
using ATMs will be a welcome feature for most consumers. Customers can
register their utility accounts with banks. ATMs can then be used to check the
dues and pay bills. Since these payments are linked to bank accounts, the approval
of such payments will be faster and easier as well. On debiting their accounts,
customers can receive
Printed receipts for the transactions. This can be extended to accept credit card
payments, institution fee payment, making charitable contributions, etc.

.22

Deposit automation using check imaging

Also known as envelope free deposits, this offers functionality to scan a check
for faster and assured processing. This is a win-win for customers who are able to
ensure faster and assured processing as well as for banks who can reduce
incidents of lost checks as well as the cost of resource utilization in check
processing. This technology can be extended to offer customers a way to scan and
pay bills at the ATM, or to complete a transaction that requires scanning a
document.

Sale of financial and other products

ATMs can be used to sell products and services such as travel tickets, mobile
phone recharge cards, financial products, and movie and theatre tickets, etc. The
in-built printer can produce the relevant ticket, statement, or receipt, and the

ATMs can facilitate secure and approved payments.

Information kiosks
ATM owners can charge customers a fee for providing non-financial information.
For example, the Union Bank of India has used ATMs to establish Village
Knowledge Centers (VKCs). VKCs target the socio-economic development of
the local rural population in remote areas by giving them information on various
vital inputs such as weather, fertilizers, price of crops, etc. The bank also offers
counseling via financial education centers at 51 of the 200 VKCs.
Third-party advertising
Banks can effectively use the wait time at ATMs to promote brands, products, and
services based on customer information available in their accounting and CRM
databases. These can then be converted into potential sales. For example, if a
customer has been making regular payments for the purchase of a product
category, then advertisements and offers for those particular products can be
displayed. If customers are interested in the advertised service or product, they
can use the ATM to print a receipt with the contact details of regional sales
representatives or the location of the nearest outlet.

.23

Remittances
ATMs can be used to make cross-border remittances for migrant workers and
tourists. This reduces the delay inherent in postal money orders or wire transfers,
and eliminates the dependence on intermediaries and the need to travel to a brickand-mortar outlet. A recent news article quotes the Governor of the Reserve Bank
of India (RBI) on how people without bank accounts can use ATMs to receive
money.
Public announcements
ATMs can be used to make public announcements and disburse important
information. For example, police in the UK have used ATMs to publicize their
dont drink and drive campaigns.

Challenges to consider in using ATMs as a self-service channel

Customers expect transactions across channels to have increased security and accessibility,
and they also demand timely delivery of services. Before adopting ATMs to propagate self-

service in various payments and non-financial transactions, ATM owners must review the
challenges in doing so.

1. Secure payment: ATM owners must assure customers that payments through this
channel are secure. The wide adoption of secure certified verification EMV
(commonly known as chip and pin) is a major step towards providing this
assurance. This method can authenticate a card and it can also verify a customer's
identity. This secures the payment and drastically reduces chances of fraud.
2. Software threats: While ATMs are more foul-proof than the internet, they can be
susceptible to malware attacks and anti-skimming jammers. ATM owners can
reassure users by providing effective security solutions to protect against targeted
threats and attacks.
3.

Regulatory norms: It is necessary to comply with local regulations before

deciding

.24
to deploy any of these services. For instance, in some countries regulatory
authorities do not allow advertising for third-party products in ATM kiosks. In
other cases, white-label ATMs may not have regulatory acceptance.
1.

Consistent and timely services: The best way to attract customers is to ensure that
transactions are fast, secure, and consistent. Though speed is of essence, the large
volume of consumer payment and service transactions, diverse range of
technologies and multi-vendor terminals can load the ATM network infrastructure
heavily. Enterprises must ensure persistent network communications and
application performance for uninterrupted service availability. ATM owners must
also be aware of third party hand-off issues and take steps to guard consumer
interests.

Material Customer Satisfaction Level (MCS)

Material customer satisfaction level has been examined on the basis of three variables

i.e. reasonability of the fee charged, frequency with which problems are faced and the
post purchase behavior of the customers.

Fee Charged

Fee charged by the banks is one of the variables taken for checking customer
satisfaction level. If customer feels that the fee charged by the bank is
reasonable then he is satisfied and vice-versa. Five degrees of reasonability have
been taken and they are coded as 5, 4, 3, 2, &1. There is direct relation between
fee charged and customer satisfaction.

Problems Faced
Second parameter for measuring MCS levels problems faced by the consumers
while using ATM of a particular bank. If consumers are facing problems more
frequently, customer satisfaction level will be less and vice-versa. There is indirect
relation between the problems faced and the customer satisfaction. Three degrees
namely often, rarely and never have been taken and they have rated as 3, 2, & 1
respectively.

.25

The purpose for which ATM is most often used

ATM does not mean the plastic card and PIN (Personal Identification Number) but the
services for which you can use it are the most important part. These services are
cash/cheques deposit, fast cash withdrawal, view account balances & mini statements and

request a chequebook or account statement.

Use Your ATMs as an Effective Marketing Channel

Using advances in technology to transform the ATM into an effective marketing channel
provides financial institutions a host of benefits, and for return on marketing investment,
the ATM has the potential to become a profit center once again.

Customization
Through transaction personalization options, customers can preset their
preferences for the types of transactions they want to perform and the
information they want to receive, which leads to feelings of personalized
relationships and loyalty.

Brand reinforcement
ATM screen graphics and messaging can be made consistent with the
financial institutions other marketing channels, reinforcing messages with
each ATM transaction.

Cross-sell opportunities
One-to-one targeted messaging via an ATM can result in higher response
rates than from other marketing channels. Additionally, financial institutions
have

the opportunity to cross-sell to non-customers who use the financial

institutions ATMs.

.26

Customer Data
Marketing programs can be refined even further to target customers based on
user information and specific responses (i.e., customer data) captured at the
ATM.

Cost savings
ATM marketing campaigns can be less expensive to create and distribute than
marketing through traditional direct channels.

Advertising
Some financial institutions have partnered with local merchants to deploy
ATMs in their locations, offering coupons and other incentives to drive
ATM traffic and increase merchant ticket sizes.

.27

CHAPTER-4
ROLE OF RBI
Changes Made By Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
On 15 August, 2014, the 68th Independence Day, our Prime Minister Narendra Modi
announced a scheme called PradhanMantri Jan-DhanYojana in the cause of financial
inclusion in our country for the benefit of millions of families who do not have bank
accounts so far. Under this scheme every bank account holder will be given a RuPay

brand debit card with an accident insurance cover of Rs1 lakh guaranteed for each
poor family, so that all such families are covered with accident insurance to meet any
crisis in their lives.
A day before this announcement by the Prime Minister, the Reserve Bank of India
(RBI) announced certain changes to the ATM facility offered to bank customers and
the charges levied for withdrawals through ATMs with effect from 1 November, 2014.
According to the new RBI guidelines that come into effect from 1 stNovember 2014,
savings bank account holders in metropolitan cities would be allowed only three
transactions from ATMs of other banks and five from the same bank in a month. For
any ATM transaction above the stipulated limit, a transaction fee of Rs. 20 would be
charged to the account holder. The new transaction fee is applicable only for people
living in six metropolitan cities including Mumbai, Delhi, Bengaluru, Chennai,
Hyderabad and Kolkata. People living in smaller towns and other centers would
continue to enjoy five free monthly transactions per month from the ATM of other
banks and the charges for them include Rs. 20 for each cash withdrawal and Rs 9 for
non-cash transactions. Account holders of zero balance and other no-frills accounts in
non-metros are exempted from such transaction charges as of now.

.28

New Rules for Bank Customers

The transaction fee has been increased from the earlier limit of Rs. 15 to Rs.20 and
the number of free transactions decreased from five to three for ATMs of other banks
and five from the same bank in a month. Another important change in the new RBI
guideline policy for ATM transaction fee is the fact that all ATM transactions including
cash withdrawal, balance enquiry and changing of PIN number etc would be
considered as an ATM transaction unlike in the past when balance enquiry was not
considered a transaction as such.

The inter banking fee charged by various banks through ATM services will also
increase since banks are using the fee as an incentive to install more number of ATM
machines. While all the above reasons have played their role in the decision to some
extent the game clincher has been Reserve Bank of Indias long term plan to promote
the use of e - transfers and cashless transactions as much as possible to avoid the use
of any black money in the system. The rise in ATM transaction fee is largely seen by
financial experts as a sum culmination of all of the above factors.

.29

Reasons for Framing New Rules by RBI

The charges for ATM usage may be an unpopular decision taken by the Reserve Bank
of India, the limit in free transactions is justified by the apex body considering high
expenses for managing ATMs across the country. With an increasing number of
robbery attempts on various ATMs especially in isolated areas and in semi urban and
rural areas, the banks have been forced to shell out funds to install a security
mechanism apart from using CCTVs and manual security guards wherever possible.

With the Reserve Bank of India laying down strict security guidelines not to leave any
ATM unmanned or without security cameras and other measures, banks are facing
higher overheads to manage the ATMs .

.30

Comparison of ATM Usage Charges

For People Living in Metropolitan Cities Including Mumbai, Delhi,

Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad and Kolkata.

BANK

TRANSACTION
TYPE

TRANSACTION LIMIT

Same Bank

Cash withdrawal

5 Free transactions per month. Additional transaction

Balance Enquiry
Change of PIN

will be charged at Rs. 20 per transaction

Mini Statement
Cash withdrawal

Different
Bank

Balance Enquiry
Change of PIN

3 Free transactions per month. Additional transaction

will be charged at Rs.20 per transaction.

Mini Statement

.31
For People Living in Non-Metropolitan Cities, Smaller Towns and
Holders of Zero Balance and Other No-Frills Accounts

BANK

TRANSACTION
TYPE

TRANSACTION LIMIT

Cash withdrawal
Balance Enquiry

Same Bank
Change of PIN
Mini Statement

5 Free transactions per month. Rs.20 is applicable for each

cash withdrawal and Rs.9 for non-cash transactions.

Different
Bank

Cash withdrawal

5 Free transactions per month. Rs. 20 is applicable for

each cash withdrawal and Rs.9 for non-cash transactions
charged at Rs.20 per transaction.

Consumer Benefits
ATMs have provided an important expansion of banking services that has benefited all
consumers. Before the introduction of ATMs in the early 1970s, bank customers' access
to their cash was limited to traditional banking hours. Customers often found themselves
waiting in long lines on Friday afternoons just to withdraw enough cash to carry them
through the weekend. ATMs opened a whole new world of convenience by eventually
allowing access to banking services 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Networks between
banks, such as Plus, Cirrus, and Honor, developed so that customers could have access to
their money through other institutions' ATMs throughout the world. To pay for that
service, banks typically charge a fee to help defray the cost of belonging to the network.

Before the 1990s owners of ATMs typically did not charge other banks' customers
for the use of ATMs; indeed, such surcharges were expressly forbidden by most
networks. But, in the early 1990s, local banks and other ATM owners, who could
not cover the cost of maintaining ATMs that face a high demand for cash
withdrawals from nonlocal banks, pushed for lifting the voluntary ban on
surcharges. As a result, legislatures in 23 states passed laws that allowed individual
members of ATM networks to impose surcharges. Operating an ATM that receives
a lot of traffic but

.32

That not many local customers use makes no sense. ATMs generate huge costs, so
banks were unwilling to provide free ATM services to noncustomers.

The reason for that growth is simple: Allowing ATM surcharges has encouraged firms
outside the banking industry, as well as banks, to put ATMs in more convenient
locations where, without surcharges, ATMs may not generate enough bank customer
traffic to be profitable. Those locations include supermarkets, convenience stores, and
airports. Consumers now have the option of paying a surcharge for getting money from

the new machines or going to other, less convenient, ATMs.

Critics argue that without the surcharge consumers would get the convenience without
the fee. In other words, consumers would still get the same service for free. In fact, fees
have played a significant role in making ATMs more widely available. Before
surcharges, a low-cost ATM needed 3,000 transactions a month to break even. Today,
with income from surcharges, the same ATM can break even with only 500 transactions a
month. Prohibiting surcharges would limit the number and location of ATMs and
inconvenience consumers. In effect, government would be levying a "time tax" on
consumers by denying them the choice of convenience and forcing them to travel to their
own banks to get cash.

.33

CHAPTER-5
INTRODUCTION TO ATMS ENCRYPTION METHOD
Introduction
ATM also known as Automatic Teller Machine is a simple and yet security banking

service. The basic concept is that an ATM allows an authorized cardholder to conduct
banking transaction without visiting a branch. They are well known for its
convenience to the customers, cost effectiveness to the bank and most importantly it
is an extremely secure banking method.
ATMs rely on authorization of a transaction by the bank via a secure communications
network. Encryption methods are built into the communication network to prevent
unauthorized transactions that could result in losses. This data focuses on Data
Encryption Standard and Advanced Encryption Standard, these are the encryption
standards presently adopted by banks across globe.

Hardware and Software

ATMs contain secure crypto-processors, generally within an IBM PC compatible host
computer in a secure enclosure. The security of the machine relies mostly on the integrity
of the secure crypto-processor: the host software often runs on a commodity operating
system.
In-store ATMs typically connect directly to their ATM Transaction Processor via a
modem over a dedicated telephone line, although the move towards Internet connections
is under way. In addition, ATMs are moving away from custom circuit boards (most of
which are based on Intel 8086 architecture) and into full-fledged PCs with commodity
operating systems such as Windows 2000 and Linux. Other platforms include RMX 86,
OS/2 and Windows 98 bundled with Java. The newest ATMs with Microsoft technology
use Windows XP or Windows XP embedded. [Lockergnome Encyclopedia 2004]

.34

ATM Encryption Methods

ATM transactions are usually encrypted with DES (please refer to the next section) but
most transaction processors will require the use of the more secure Triple DES by 2005.
There are also many "phantom withdrawals" from ATMs, which banks often claim are the
result of fraud by customers. Many experts ascribe phantom withdrawals to the criminal
activity of dishonest insiders. Ross Anderson, a leading cryptography researcher, has

been involved in investigating many cases of phantom withdrawals, and has been
responsible for exposing several errors in bank security. There have also been a number
of incidents of fraud where criminals have used fake machines or have attached fake
keypads or card readers to existing machines. These have then been used to record
customers' PINs and bank account details in order to gain unauthorized access to their
accounts. [Lockergnome Encyclopedia 2004]

Data Encryption Standard

The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is an approved cryptographic algorithm selected as
an official Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) for the United States.
[Lockergnome Encyclopedia 2004]
In DES, data are encrypted in 64-bit blocks using a 56-bit key. The algorithm transforms
64-bit input in a series of steps into a 64-bit output. [William Stallings 2003].
FIPS PUB 81, DES Modes of Operation, describes four different modes for using the
algorithm described in this standard. These four modes are called the Electronic
Codebook (ECB) mode, the Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode, the Cipher Feedback
(CFB) mode, and the Output Feedback (OFB) mode. ECB is a direct application of the
DES algorithm to encrypt and decrypt data; CBC is an enhanced mode of ECB which
chains together blocks of cipher text; CFB uses previously generated cipher text as input
to the DES to generate pseudorandom outputs which are combined with the plaintext to
produce cipher, thereby chaining together the resulting cipher; OFB is identical to CFB
except that the previous output of the DES is used as input in OFB while the previous
cipher is used as input in CFB. OFB does not chain the cipher. [Federal Information
Processing Standards Publication 46-2 1993]

.35

Advanced Encryption Standard

There are cases where ATMs using DES has been breached within 24 hours. The most

recent solution is to adopt a new encryption standard known as the Advanced Encryption
Standard.
The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) feature adds support for the new encryption
standard AES, with Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode, to IP Security (IPSec).
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have created AES, which is a
new Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) publication that describes an
encryption method. AES is a privacy transform for IPSec and Internet Key Exchange
(IKE) and has been developed to replace the Data Encryption Standard (DES). AES is
designed to be more secure than DES: AES offers a larger key size, while ensuring that
the only known approach to decrypt a message is for an intruder to try every possible key.
AES has a variable key lengththe algorithm can specify a 128-bit key (the default), a
192-bit key, or a 256-bit key. [Cisco Systems, Inc. 2004]

Smart Intruders
Behind the friendly appearance of the Automatic Teller Machines, they are actually
protected by some of the most advanced encryption technologies. However, ATM
security requires progressively improving methods to keep up with smart intruders. A
clear example is the upgrade from the Data Encryption Standard to the Advanced
Encryption Standard, which is almost three times as powerful.
In the near future, a new method will be adopted to protect ATMs from intruders with
better technologies. Although, this is a constant battle between intruders and the bank,
ATMs are still a very convenient, cost-effective and secure banking method provided to
customers today.

.36

UNIT-2

.37

CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION TO CDM MACHINE

Cash Deposit Machine

The Cash Deposit Machine (CDM) is a self-service terminal

that lets you make deposits and payment transactions by cash.

All successful transactions are immediately credited and
customers will be issued an advice slip confirming the
transaction.
Conventionally, depositing cash into your bank account can be
a tedious affair as it has to be done within the banking hours
and you have to fill up a deposit slip and stand in a queue. To
make the cash deposit process more flexible and convenient,
banks have introduced Cash Deposit Machines and are
expanding their availability across different locations to
encourage electronic cash deposit without the assistance of
banking personnel.

Why use a Cash Deposit Machine?

With close to 13,000 billion rupees in notes issued in FY 2013-14, RBIs recent data
highlights the fact that 90% of monetary transactions still take place in cash. With the
high amount of cash transactions, the need for an efficient mode to deposit cash is more
than ever before. To facilitate easier deposit of cash, banks allow you to deposit cash
through Cash Deposit Machines.

.38
A Cash Deposit Machine is capable of accepting more cash deposit transaction in
comparison to an over-the-counter cash depository service. For example, banks usually
stop their business transactions by 4 PM. However, people might need to deposit cash
during different times of the day and that is exactly what a Cash Deposit Machine is
designed for.
And with your money getting credited into the desired account in real time, Banks are
pushing to increase the availability of CDMs for customers convenience.

How does the Cash Deposit Machine help you?

Your money gets instantly credited into your account

You do not need to fill up any cash deposit slip or wait in long queues to deposit

cash

You receive immediate receipt

No need to sort and arrange your cash according to denominations

Facilities such as balance enquiry and mini statements are also available on a
Cash Deposit Machine

You can deposit cash round the clock and throughout the year. A Cash Deposit
Machine is enabled to function 24X7, even on holidays. Thus, you dont need to
wait for the bank to open to deposit money.

Salient Features of Cash Deposit Machine

Accepts stacks of up to 200 mixed denomination notes

Quickly counts, validates, and denominates deposited currency

Displays deposit details on screen for customer verification

.39

Cash is held in secure area and returned if customer rejects transaction

Notes are deposited to specified cassettes
Itemized deposit details may be printed on customer receipt
Fake currencies are detected.

Advantages

Instant credit in CASA account.

Immediate receipt.
No need to fill cash deposit slips.
No need to stand in long queues.
No need to sort and arrange cash denomination wise.

.40

CHAPTER-2
DETAIL STUDY
System Overview

The project is designed to provide fully automatic cash deposit machine. The hardware
consists of LCD screen for displaying option to select the bank and enter Account No in
which cash is to be deposited and also guides the customer to next steps .The carriage is
provided to carry the currency notes one by one from customer where camera captures
image of every note and send the data image to PC with Matlab. Every data image of note
is compared with ideal stored image of every appropriate type of note. Every note is
passed through UV light to detect the originality of note which consequently results in
acceptance and rejection of faulty notes.
Figure1. Database contexts
Spindle is used to push notes from carriage to storage container of notes. Counter is
provided to count the cash and counted data will be sending to MC.

.41

CDM Provide Busy Customer Service

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Improved levels of convenience and security

Improved speed of deposit and ease of use
Reduced queuing time, increased customer satisfaction
Unique receipt slip issued after each deposit made
Revenue generating opportunities, created by re-deploying staff to more
profitable activities
6. Flexibility to process cash at a convenient time or to outsource task
7. Speed of transaction minimizes customer exposure to risk of attack
8. Enhanced management information

.42
Customer Requirement
Banks customers taste and desire have begun to raise the stakes of expectation of
exceptional services. Customers want to transact their banking transactions at any time
and location convenient for their life-style. They want to pay their regular household
bills. The four forces - customers, technology, convergence and globalization have the
most important effect. The success of electronic banking, as agued by many researchers,
depends probably on bank service quality, customer preferences and satisfaction. Recent
studies found that consumer behavior is changing partly because of more spare time. The
way of use of financial services is characterized by individuality, mobility, independence
of place and time, and flexibility. Historically, banks have taken the attitude that they will
provide customers with the services and, the banks, wish to provide. In order to survive
both from domestic and the increasing level of global cross-border competition, banks
need to change their process of servicing their customers.

Benefit of automatic Banking

The perceived benefits of electronic banking have been documented in recent
studies, especially several electronic distribution channels available for banks in United
States and concluded that customer orientations towards convenience, service,
technology, change, knowledge about computing and the Internet affected the usage of
different channels. Convenience of conducting banking outside the branch official opening
hours has been found significant in cases of adoption. Banks provide customers
convenient, inexpensive access to the bank 24 hours a day and seven days a week.
Literatures indicate the movement away from cash transactions and in words of the use of
non-cash payment has continued to rise with increasing value. Tellers are today equipped
to issue receipts (deposit slips) for cash deposits the service of ordering bank draft of
certified cheques made payable to third parties has also been increasingly automated .

.43
reduction in the percentage of customers visiting banks with an increase in alternative

channels of distribution will also minimize the queues in the branches. Increased
availability and accessibility of more self-service distribution channels helps bank
administration in reducing the expensive branch network and its associate staff
overheads. Bank employees and office space that are released in this way may be used for
some other profitable ventures.

Customer always require fast technology

New technology has raised your customers expectations, and whilst they may come from
many different backgrounds, lifestyles and professions, your customers have one thing in
common: Choice of leisure time, work patterns, shopping, and the choice of how, when
and with whom they carry out their banking requirements. In this competitive
environment the winners are responding to their customers needs, and improving the
banking experience with
1.
2.
3.
4.

A convenient customer service

A modern retail environment
Faster transactions and improved security
Extended hours access to services Communications
Complete with a monitoring system to constantly verify operation and status of the
CDM, whether remotely or centrally located. A file transfer utility is also available for
retrieving audit and event history files. Automated Cash Deposits help you deliver more
efficient Self-Service solutions. Our range of Cash Deposit Machines has been designed
either for free standing or in the wall installation

.44

Unit-3
ANALYSIS OF DATA

 Classification as per data collected in regards to Account In bank:

Bank Account

No. Of Depositor

Percentage

Saving Account

20

66.67

Current Account

13.33

Fixed Account

20

Recurring Account

Total

30

100

.45
2. Classification as per data collected in regards to satisfaction level of ATM
service:

3. Classification as per data collected in regards to check that bank have

enough ATM machine in their area:

Expected
Ans

Satisfaction
Level

Percentage

Yes

21

70

No

11

30

Total

30

100

Expected
Ans

No. Of
ATM
Machine

Percentage

Yes

19

63.33

No

11

36.67

Total

30

100

.46

4. Classification as per data collected in regards to ATM they always prefer

while withdrawing money:
ATM

No. Of
ATM
Machine

Percentage

Home Bank
ATM

20

66.67

Other Bank
ATM

10

33.33

Total

30

100

5. Classification as per data collected in regards to procedure they know if

they forget the PIN:
Expected
Ans

Yes

People
Who
Percentage
Known The
Procedure

15

50

No

15

50

Total

30

100

.47

6. Classification as per data collected in regards to procedure they know if

they have to change the PIN:
7. Classification as per data collected in regards to bank who provide Cash
Deposit machine:

Expected
Ans

People
Who
Percentage
Known The
Procedure

Yes

24

80

No

06

20

Total

30

100

Expected
Ans

Yes

No. of Bank
Providing Percentage
CDM

25

83.33

No

05

16.67

Total

30

100

.48

8. Classification as per data collected in regards to satisfaction level of CDM

service:
9. Classification as per data collected in regards to Online transaction the
ATM user used:

Expected
Ans

Satisfaction
Level

Percentage

Yes

23

76.67

No

07

23.33

Total

30

100

Expected
Ans

Person Who
Does Online
Transaction

Percentage

Yes

10

33.33

No

20

66.67

Total

30

100

.49
10. Classification as per data collected in regards to Awareness about other
service provided by ATM Machine:

Expected Ans

No. of People
Who Known

Percentage

Yes

26.67

No

22

73.33

Total

30

100

.50

Findings

(As per Table no.1), 66.67% Customers are having saving account, 13.33%
customers are having current account and 20%. Customers are having fixed
account.

(As per Table no.2), 70% of customers are satisfied by ATM services while 30%
of customers are yet not satisfied.

(As per Table no.3), 63.33% customers think that they there are enough ATM
machine in their area while rest 36.67% of the customers doesnt think.

(As per Table no.4), 66.67% customers usually withdraw from their own bank
ATM while rest 33.33% customers used others bank ATM.

(As per Table no.5), 50% of the customers known the procedure about how to
change the pin if they forget the pin while other 50% of the customers dont
know.

(As per Table no.6), 80% of the customers known the procedure to change the
pin rest 20% of the customers dont know how to change the pin.

(As per Table no.7), 83.33% of bank provides Cash Deposit Machine while
16.67% of bank yet doesnt providing Cash Deposit Machine. It means banks are
still working on CDM services and taking initiative to bring up the CDM service
facility.

(As per Table no.8), 76.67% of customers find satisfied by CDM services while
23.33% of the customers are not satisfied by CDM services.

(As per Table no.9), 33.33% of the customers used their ATM Cards for carrying
out their online transaction while rest 66.67% customers not used their debit card
for online transaction.

(As per Table no.10), 26.67% of the customers known that ATM machine also
provide other useful services like mini statement, mobile recharge facility, last 10
transaction, etc while 73.33% yet dont know the services provided by ATM in
regards to above services.

.51

Conclusion

Ties multiple accounts to one ATM card and PIN combination

Allows a cardholder to have as many accounts as desired (more than one checking,
more than one credit card, more than one loan, etc.)
Includes all of the account types specified by the assignment checking, savings,
loan, mortgage, car or boat loan account and credit card account although we
chose to create vehicle loan as a loan account which encompasses car, boat,
motorcycle, etc.
Allows cardholders to make balance inquiries, deposits, withdrawals, account
payments, and transfer funds all with the appropriate accounts displayed for
selection depending upon the type of transaction
Limits the amount of a withdrawal from an account to $200 with no limits placed
on fund transfers
Limits the number of transactions per day to 10
Provides cardholder with the option of a receipt.
Instant credit in your account.
Immediate receipt.
24/7 availability.
No need to fill deposit slip.
No need to stand in long clues.
No need to sort and arrange your cash denomination wise.
No extra charge on direct cash deposits.

.52

Annexure
QUESTIONNAIRE
(For Customer)
Name-____________________________________________
Age-______________________
GenderMale
Female
Educational Qualification-____________________________

Designation-_______________________________________
In Which Bank Do You Have Account?
______________________________________________
Which Type Of Account Do You Have?
Saving
Recurring
Fixed
Current
Are You Satisfied By ATM Services?
Yes
No
Does Your Bank Have Enough ATMs In Your Area?
Yes
No
Which ATM You Always Prefer While Withdrawing
Money?
________________________________________________
What Is Maximum Cash Withdrawal Limit Per Day?
________________________________________________
Does Your Bank Levy Any Service Charge For Use Of
Other Banks ATM?
Yes
No
If Yes, Then How Much?
________________________________________________
Do You Know The Procedure If You Forgot The Pin?
Yes
No

Do You Know The Procedure TO Change The Pin?

Yes
No

Does Your Bank Provide Cash Deposit Machine?

Yes
No
Are You Satisfied By The Services Of Cash Deposit
Machine?
Yes
No

.53

 Do You Use Debit Card For Online Transaction?

Yes
No
Are You Aware About Any Other Services Provided By
ATM Machine?
Yes
No

Any Suggestion,
____________________________________________________

.54

Websites

www.ijarcsms.com
http://www.atmmarketplace.com/whitepapers/5157/Th
e-Future-of-ATMs-Mobile-Security-and-Regulations-OhMy-Infographic
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/atm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/debit_card
www.articleblast.com A Brief Introduction to the
Automated Teller Machine.
www.rbi.org.in/scripts/NotificaticationUser
www.businessinsider.in
Blog.bankbazaar.com/new-rules-for- HYPERLINK
"http://blog.bankbazaar.com/new-rules-for-atmusage"atm HYPERLINK
"http://blog.bankbazaar.com/new-rules-for-atmusage"-usage
slideshare.com

 www.ibef,org

.55