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BasicAerodynamics
08.1.PhysicsoftheAtmosphere.
QuestionNumber.
1.
TheISA.
OptionA.
assumesastandardday.
OptionB.
istakenfromtheequator.
OptionC.
istakenfrom45degreeslatitude.
CorrectAnsweris. istakenfrom45degreeslatitude.
Explanation. Thepropertiesofastandarddayarerelatedtosealevelatlatitude45degreeslatitude.SeetheForumformoredetails.
QuestionNumber.
2.
Athigheraltitudesasaltitudeincreases,pressure.
OptionA.
decreasesatconstantrate.
OptionB.
decreasesexponentially.
OptionC.
increasesexponentially.
CorrectAnsweris. decreasesexponentially.
Explanation. Pressuredecreasessure!Buttherateofdecreasereduceswithaltitude.At18000ft,halfthepressureislostalready,
andthereisstillanother40,000ftorsotogo.
QuestionNumber.
3.
Whenthepressureishalfofthatatsealevel,whatisthealtitude?.
OptionA.
12,000ft.
OptionB.
18,000ft.
OptionC.
8,000ft.
CorrectAnsweris. 18,000ft.
Explanation. JustoneofthosefactsyouhavetolearnbutitisquotedinjustabouteverytextbookonCAAreadinglist.
QuestionNumber.
4.
Ifgaugepressureonastandarddayatsealevelis25PSI,theabsolutepressureis.
OptionA.
39.7PSI.
OptionB.
10.3PSI.
OptionC.
43.8PSI.
CorrectAnsweris. 39.7PSI.
Explanation. Absolutepressure=gaugepressureplusatmosphericpressure.Atmosphericpressureatseallevel=14.7PSI.
QuestionNumber.
5.
Pressuredecreases.
OptionA.
inverselyproportionaltotemperature.
OptionB.
proportionallywithadecreasesintemperature.
OptionC.
Pressureandtemperaturearenotrelated.
CorrectAnsweris. proportionallywithadecreasesintemperature.
Explanation. TemperatureandvolumearedirectlyproportionalCharles'Law.
QuestionNumber.
6.
Asairgetscolder,theserviceceilingofanaircraft.
OptionA.
reduces.
OptionB.
increases.
OptionC.
remainsthesame.
CorrectAnsweris. increases.
Explanation. Asairgetscolderitgetsdenser.Liftincreases(remembertheliftequationhasdensity)andtheenginesproducemore
thrustsoitcanclimbhigher.
QuestionNumber.
7.
Whatissealevelpressure?.
OptionA.
1012.3mb.
OptionB.
1013.2mb.
OptionC.
1032.2mb.
CorrectAnsweris. 1013.2mb.
Explanation. LearntheISAsealevelquantities,inallunits.
QuestionNumber.
8.
HowdoesIASatthepointofstallvarywithheight?.
OptionA.
Itdecreases.
OptionB.
Itispracticallyconstant.
OptionC.
Itincreases.
CorrectAnsweris. Itispracticallyconstant.
Explanation. ThestallingIASataltitudeispracticallythesameasitisatsealevel.That'sbecauseIASisnotcorrectedfordensity.
QuestionNumber.
9.
Whatisthelapseratewithregardtotemperature?.
OptionA.
4Cper1000ft.
OptionB.
1.98Cper1000ft.
OptionC.
1.98Fper1000ft.
CorrectAnsweris. 1.98Cper1000ft.
Explanation. Thelapserateisapproximately2Cper1000feet(inthetroposphere).
QuestionNumber.
10.
Standardsealeveltemperatureis.
OptionA.
20degreesCelsius.
OptionB.
0degreesCelsius.
OptionC.
15degreesCelsius.
CorrectAnsweris. 15degreesCelsius.
Explanation. 15degreesCisstandardsealeveltemperature!.
QuestionNumber.
11.
Asaltitudeincreases,pressure.
OptionA.
decreasesexponentially.
OptionB.
decreasesatconstantrate.
OptionC.
increasesexponentially.
CorrectAnsweris. decreasesexponentially.
Explanation. Asaltitudeincreases,pressuredecreasesexponentially.Sincepressureisgivenbydensity*gravity*height,both
densityandheightdecreases(thatis,heightabovethepointyoumeasuring)sothedecreaseinpressureisexponential.
QuestionNumber.
12.
Lapserateusuallyrefersto.
OptionA.
Density.
OptionB.
Pressure.
OptionC.
Temperature.
CorrectAnsweris. Temperature.
Explanation. Temperaturelapserateisconstantupto36000ft2degreesper1000ft.
QuestionNumber.
13.
Temperatureabove36,000feetwill.
OptionA.
increaseexponentially.
OptionB.
decreaseexponentially.
OptionC.
remainconstant.
CorrectAnsweris. remainconstant.
Explanation. Temperaturelapserateupto36,000feet(thetropopause)isapproximately2degreescentigradeper1000feet.Above
thetropopauseitisconstant.
QuestionNumber.
14.
Withincreasingaltitudepressuredecreasesand.
OptionA.
temperaturedecreasesatthesamerateaspressurereduces.
OptionB.
temperaturedecreasesbutatalowerratethanpressurereduces.
OptionC.
temperatureremainsconstantto8000ft.
CorrectAnsweris. temperaturedecreasesbutatalowerratethanpressurereduces.
Explanation. Seeagraphofpressureagainstaltitudeandtemperatureagainstaltitude.Pressuredecreasesfasterthantemperature
thereforepressurehasagreatereffectupontheperformanceoftheaircraft.
QuestionNumber.
15.
WhatisthetemperatureincomparisontoISAconditionsat30,000ft?.
OptionA.
60C.
OptionB.
0C.
OptionC.
45C.
CorrectAnsweris. 45C.
Explanation. ISA=15Ctemperaturelapserateis2Cper1000ft.Therefore30000=60+15=45.
QuestionNumber.
16.
Atwhataltitudeisthetropopause?.
OptionA.
36,000ft.
OptionB.
57,000ft.
OptionC.
63,000ft.
CorrectAnsweris. 36,000ft.
Explanation. Thetropopauseis36,000ft.Abovethetropopauseisthestratosphere.
QuestionNumber.
17.
Whatapproximatepercentageofoxygenisintheatmosphere?.
OptionA.
12%.
OptionB.
21%.
OptionC.
78%.
CorrectAnsweris. 21%.
Explanation. 21%oxygen,78%nitrogen,1%othergases.
QuestionNumber.
18.
Whichhasthegreaterdensity?.
OptionA.
Airatlowaltitude.
OptionB.
Airathighaltitude.
OptionC.
Itremainsconstant.
CorrectAnsweris. Airatlowaltitude.
Explanation. Airdensityreduceswithaltitude.
QuestionNumber.
19.
Atwhataltitudedoesstratospherecommenceapproximately?.
OptionA.
Sealevel.
OptionB.
36,000ft.
OptionC.
63,000ft.
CorrectAnsweris. 36,000ft.
Explanation. Thestratosphereisabove36,000ft.
QuestionNumber.
20.
Apressureofoneatmosphereisequalto.
OptionA.
14.7psi.
OptionB.
1inchHg.
OptionC.
100millibar.
CorrectAnsweris. 14.7psi.
Explanation. Oneatmosphereis14.7psi.
QuestionNumber.
21.
Themillibarisaunitof.
OptionA.
atmospherictemperature.
OptionB.
pressurealtitude.
OptionC.
barometricpressure.
CorrectAnsweris. barometricpressure.
Explanation. Barometricpressureismeasuredinmillibar.
QuestionNumber.
22.
WithanincreaseinaltitudeunderI.S.A.conditionsthetemperatureinthetroposphere.
OptionA.
remainsconstant.
OptionB.
decreases.
OptionC.
increases.
CorrectAnsweris. decreases.
Explanation. Temperaturereducesatalapserateof1.98degreescelsiusperthousandfeetfromsealeveltoabout36000ft(the
tropopause).
QuestionNumber.
23.
Abarometerindicates.
OptionA.
pressure.
OptionB.
density.
OptionC.
temperature.
CorrectAnsweris. pressure.
Explanation. Abarometerindicatespressure.
QuestionNumber.
24.
Theamountofwatervapourcapacityintheair(humidityholdingcapacityoftheair)is.
OptionA.
greateronacolderday,andloweronahotterday.
OptionB.
doesn'thaveasignificantdifference.
OptionC.
greateronahotterdayandloweronacolderday.
CorrectAnsweris. greateronahotterdayandloweronacolderday.
Explanation. Theamountofwatervapourcapacityintheairisgreateronahotterday.
QuestionNumber.
25.
Whichconditionistheactualamountofwatervapourinamixtureofairandwater?.
OptionA.
Relativehumidity.
OptionB.
Absolutehumidity.
OptionC.
Dewpoint.
CorrectAnsweris. Absolutehumidity.
Explanation. Absolutehumidityisthe'actual'amountofwaterinamixtureofairandwater.
QuestionNumber.
26.
Whichwillweightheleast?.
OptionA.
98partsofdryairand2partsofwatervapour.
OptionB.
50partsofdryairand50partsofwatervapour.
OptionC.
35partsofdryairand65partsofwatervapour.
CorrectAnsweris. 35partsofdryairand65partsofwatervapour.
Explanation. Watervapouris62%theweightofdryair.
QuestionNumber.
27.
Whichistheratioofthewatervapouractuallypresentintheatmospheretotheamountthatwouldbe
presentiftheairweresaturatedattheprevailingtemperatureandpressure?.
OptionA.
Absolutehumidity.
OptionB.
Dewpoint.
OptionC.
Relativehumidity.
CorrectAnsweris. Relativehumidity.
Explanation. Relativehumidityistheratioofthewatervapouractuallypresenttothewatervapourthattheairwouldholdifitwere
saturated.
QuestionNumber.
28.
Thespeedofsoundintheatmosphere.
OptionA.
changeswithachangeinpressure.
OptionB.
variesaccordingtothefrequencyofthesound.
OptionC.
changeswithachangeintemperature.
CorrectAnsweris. changeswithachangeintemperature.
Explanation. Speedofsoundisaffectedbyairtemperatureonly.
QuestionNumber.
29.
Whatissealevelpressure?.
OptionA.
1032.2mb.
OptionB.
1012.3mb.
OptionC.
1013.2mb.
CorrectAnsweris. 1013.2mb.
Explanation. Sealevelpressureis1013.2mb.
QuestionNumber.
30.
Whichstatementconcerningheatand/ortemperatureistrue?.
OptionA.
Temperatureisameasureofthekineticenergyofthemoleculesofanysubstance.
OptionB.
Temperatureisameasureofthepotentialenergyofthemoleculesofanysubstance.
OptionC.
Thereisaninverserelationshipbetweentemperatureandheat.
CorrectAnsweris. Temperatureisameasureofthekineticenergyofthemoleculesofanysubstance.
Explanation. Temperatureisameasureofthekineticenergyofthemoleculesofasubstance.Heatisaformofenergyexchange.
QuestionNumber.
31.
Whatisabsolutehumidity?.
OptionA.
Thetemperaturetowhichhumidairmustbecooledatconstantpressuretobecomesaturated.
OptionB.
Theactualamountofthewatervapourinamixtureofairandwater.
OptionC.
Theratioofthewatervapouractuallypresentintheatmospheretotheamountthatwouldbepresentiftheairwere
saturatedattheprevailingtemperatureandpressure.
CorrectAnsweris. Theratioofthewatervapouractuallypresentintheatmospheretotheamountthatwouldbepresentiftheair
weresaturatedattheprevailingtemperatureandpressure.
Explanation. AbsoluteHumidityistheactualamountofwatervaporinaliterofgas.
QuestionNumber.
32.
Thetemperaturetowhichhumidairmustbecooledatconstantpressuretobecomesaturatediscalled.
OptionA.
relativehumidity.
OptionB.
dewpoint.
OptionC.
absolutehumidity.
CorrectAnsweris. dewpoint.
Explanation. Thetemperaturetowhichhumidairmustbecooledtobecomesaturatediscalledthe'duepoint'.
QuestionNumber.
33.
Densitychangeswithaltitudeatarate.
OptionA.
of2kg/m3per1000ft.
OptionB.
whichchangeswithaltitude.
OptionC.
whichisconstantuntil11km.
CorrectAnsweris. whichchangeswithaltitude.
Explanation. Therateofchangeofdensityisnotconstantitdiminisheswithaltitude.Sonosinglefigureforlapseratecanbe
quoted.
QuestionNumber.
34.
Above65,800fttemperature.
OptionA.
decreasesby1.98Cupto115,000ft.
OptionB.
remainsconstantupto115,000ft.
OptionC.
increasesby0.303Cupto115,000ft.
CorrectAnsweris. increasesby0.303Cupto115,000ft.
Explanation. 65,800ftistheupperstratosphereboundary.Temperatureincreaseswithaltitudeinthestratosphere.
QuestionNumber.
35.
Atsealevel,ISAatmosphericpressureis.
OptionA.
14.7kPa.
OptionB.
10Bar.
OptionC.
14.7PSI.
CorrectAnsweris. 14.7PSI.
Explanation. Analternativeto1013.2mb.
QuestionNumber.
36.
OnaveryhotdaywithambienttemperaturehigherthanISA,thepressurealtitudeis20,000ft.How
muchwillthedensityaltitudebe?.
OptionA.
thesame.
OptionB.
greaterthan20,000ft.
OptionC.
lessthan20,000ft.
CorrectAnsweris. greaterthan20,000ft.
Explanation. "DensityAltitudeispressurealtitudecorrectedfortemperatureandhumidity.Assumingconstanthumidity(wearetold
nodifferent)ISAorabovetemperaturewillfurtherthintheairforagivenpressurealtitudethusmakingthedensityaltitudehigher.
Note:AtISATempdensityandpressurealtitudewillbethesameandforlessthanISAdensityaltitudewillbelessGotallthat!!.
"
QuestionNumber.
37.
Theatmosphericzonewherethetemperatureremainsfairlyconstantiscalledthe.
OptionA.
Stratosphere.
OptionB.
Ionosphere.
OptionC.
Troposphere.
CorrectAnsweris. Stratosphere.
Explanation. Thestratospherestartsat36,000ftandrisestoabout66,000ft.
QuestionNumber.
38.
IntheISAtheheightofthetropopauseis.
OptionA.
11,000feet.
OptionB.
11,000metres.
OptionC.
36,000metres.
CorrectAnsweris. 11,000metres.
Explanation. 11,000metresor36,000feetapproximately.
QuestionNumber.
39.
IntheISAthesealevelpressureistakentobe.
OptionA.
14PSI.
OptionB.
1013.2mb.
OptionC.
1.013mb.
CorrectAnsweris. 1013.2mb.
Explanation. 1013.2millibars.
QuestionNumber.
40.
IntheISAthetemperaturelapseratewithaltitudeistakentobe:.
OptionA.
dependentonpressureanddensitychanges.
OptionB.
linear.
OptionC.
nonlinear.
CorrectAnsweris. linear.
Explanation. NIL..
QuestionNumber.
41.
Putinsequencefromthegroundup.
OptionA.
tropopause,stratosphere,troposphere.
OptionB.
tropopause,troposphere,stratosphere.
OptionC.
troposphere,tropopause,stratosphere.
CorrectAnsweris. troposphere,tropopause,stratosphere.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
42.
TheInternationalStandardAtmospherecanbedescribedas.
OptionA.
theatmosphereat45degreesnorthlatitude.
OptionB.
theatmosphereattheequatorwithcertainconditions.
OptionC.
theatmospherewhichcanbeusedWorldwidetoprovidecomparableperformanceresults.
CorrectAnsweris. theatmospherewhichcanbeusedWorldwidetoprovidecomparableperformanceresults.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
43.
Thetemperaturelapseratebelowthetropopauseis.
OptionA.
1Cper1000ft.
OptionB.
2Cper1000ft.
OptionC.
3Cper1000ft.
CorrectAnsweris. 2Cper1000ft.
Explanation. 1.98Cper1000fttobeexact.
QuestionNumber.
44.
Abovethetropopauseairpressure.
OptionA.
decreasesataconstantrate.
OptionB.
decreasesexponentially.
OptionC.
increasesexponentially.
CorrectAnsweris. decreasesexponentially.
Explanation. Airpressurecontinuestodecreaseexponentiallyinthestratosphere.
QuestionNumber.
45.
Whichofthefollowingiscorrect?.
OptionA.
Absolutepressure+Atmosphericpressure=Gaugepressure.
OptionB.
Absolutepressure=Gaugepressure+Atmosphericpressure.
OptionC.
Atmosphericpressure=Absolutepressure+Gaugepressure.
CorrectAnsweris. Absolutepressure=Gaugepressure+Atmosphericpressure.
Explanation. Absolutepressure=Gaugepressure+Atmosphericpressure.
QuestionNumber.
46.
AsthealtitudeincreaseswhathappensoftheratioofNitrogentoOxygen?.
OptionA.
Increases.
OptionB.
Decreases.
OptionC.
Staysthesame.
CorrectAnsweris. Staysthesame.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
47.
Whathappenstothedensityofairasaltitudeisincreased?.
OptionA.
Decreases.
OptionB.
Staysthesame.
OptionC.
Increases.
CorrectAnsweris. Decreases.
Explanation. NIL.
08.2.Aerodynamics.
QuestionNumber.
1.
Anaircraftistravellingataspeedof720nauticalmilesperhour.TocalculatespeedinMPHyou.
OptionA.
divideby0.83.
OptionB.
multipyby0.83.
OptionC.
multiplyby1.15.
CorrectAnsweris. multiplyby1.15.
Explanation. 1nmph=1.15mph1mph=0.83nmph.
QuestionNumber.
2.
Liftonadeltawingaircraft.
OptionA.
increaseswithanincreasedangleofincidence(angleofattack).
OptionB.
doesnotchangewithachangeinangleofincidence(angleofattack).
OptionC.
decreaseswithanincreaseinangleofincidence(angleofattack).
CorrectAnsweris. increaseswithanincreasedangleofincidence(angleofattack).ORdoesnotchangewithachangeinangleof
incidence(angleof.
Explanation. Thisquestionismucheasierthanitlooksatfirstread.Allwingtypes(straight,swept,deltaetc.)increaseliftwithan
increaseinangleofattack(uptothestallangle).
QuestionNumber.
3.
TheCofPisthepointwhere.
OptionA.
theliftcanbesaidtoact.
OptionB.
thethreeaxisofrotationmeet.
OptionC.
alltheforcesonanaircraftact.
CorrectAnsweris. theliftcanbesaidtoact.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
4.
Whenanaircraftexperiencesinduceddrag.
OptionA.
airflowsunderthewingspanwisetowardstherootandontopofthewingspanwisetowardsthetip.
OptionB.
Neithera)orb)sinceinduceddragdoesnotcausedbyspanwiseflow.
OptionC.
airflowsunderthewingspanwisetowardsthetipandontopofthewingspanwisetowardstheroot.
CorrectAnsweris. airflowsunderthewingspanwisetowardsthetipandontopofthewingspanwisetowardstheroot.OR
Neithera)orb)sinceinduceddragdoesnotcausedby.
Explanation. Thehighpressureunderthewingflowsaroundthetiptothelowpressureontopofthewing.Theresultingvortexis
whatcausesinduceddrag.Sinceairisviscousitdragstheairunderneaththewingtowardsthetip,andpushestheairontopofthe
wingtowardstheroot.
QuestionNumber.
5.
Atstall,thewingtipstagnationpoint.
OptionA.
doesntmove.
OptionB.
movestowardthelowersurfaceofthewing.
OptionC.
movestowardtheuppersurfaceofthewing.
CorrectAnsweris. movestowardthelowersurfaceofthewing.
Explanation. Atstalltheangleofattackishigh(allalongthewing)andthestagnationpointmovestowardsthelowersurfaceofthe
wing.
QuestionNumber.
6.
Theriggingangleofincidenceofanelevatoris.
OptionA.
theanglebetweenthebottomsurfaceoftheelevatorandthelongitudinaldatum.
OptionB.
theanglebetweenthebottomsurfaceoftheelevatorandthehorizontalintheriggingposition.
OptionC.
theanglebetweenthemeanchordlineandthehorizontalintheriggingposition.
CorrectAnsweris. theanglebetweenthemeanchordlineandthehorizontalintheriggingposition.
Explanation. Theangleofincidenceofanysurfaceismeasuredfromthemeanchordline.
QuestionNumber.
7.
Whichofthefollowingistrue?.
OptionA.
Liftactsatrightanglestotherelativeairflowandweightactsverticallydown.
OptionB.
Liftactsatrightanglestothewingchordlineandweightactsverticallydown.
OptionC.
Liftactsatrightanglestotherelativeairflowandweightactsatrightanglestotheaircraftcentreline.
CorrectAnsweris. Liftactsatrightanglestotherelativeairflowandweightactsverticallydown.
Explanation. Liftactsatrightanglestotherelativeairflowandweightactsverticallydown.
QuestionNumber.
8.
Theverticalfinofasingleenginedaircraftis.
OptionA.
parallelwiththelongitudinalaxisbutnottheverticalaxis.
OptionB.
parallelwithboththelongitudinalaxisandverticalaxis.
OptionC.
parallelwiththeverticalaxisbutnotthelongitudinalaxis.
CorrectAnsweris. parallelwithboththelongitudinalaxisandverticalaxis.ORparallelwiththeverticalaxisbutnotthe
longitudinalaxis.
Explanation. Singleenginedaircraftfinisoffsettolefttocountertorque...i.e.chordoffinisatanangleto.longitudinalaxis.
QuestionNumber.
9.
"Whathappenstoairflowingatthespeedofsound
whenitentersaconvergingduct?."
OptionA.
Velocityincreases,pressureanddensitydecreases.
OptionB.
Velocity,pressureanddensityincrease.
OptionC.
Velocitydecreases,pressureanddensityincrease.
CorrectAnsweris. Velocitydecreases,pressureanddensityincrease.
Explanation. Subsonicairinincompressible,sodensitydoesnotchange.Butthisissonicspeed,andeverything(PandV)change
oppositetowhattheywouldifitweresubsonicair.Densityincreases,asdoespressure,andvelocitydecreases.SeeMechanicsof
FlightbyACKermode.
QuestionNumber.
10.
Astheangleofattackofanairfoilincreasesthecentreofpressure.
OptionA.
remainsstationary.
OptionB.
movesaft.
OptionC.
movesforward.
CorrectAnsweris. movesforward.
Explanation. Astheangleofattackoftheaerofoilincreases,thecentreofpressuremovesforward.
QuestionNumber.
11.
Vapourtrailsfromthewingtipsofanaircraftinflightarecausedby.
OptionA.
lowpressureabovethewingandhighpressurebelowthewingcausingvortices.
OptionB.
lowpressureabovethewingandhighpressurebelowthewingcausingatemperaturerise.
OptionC.
highpressureabovethewingandlowpressurebelowthewingcausingvortices.
CorrectAnsweris. lowpressureabovethewingandhighpressurebelowthewingcausingvortices.
Explanation. Vapourtrailsarecausedbywingtipvorticeswhicharecausedbylowpressureabovethewingandhighpressurebelow
thewing.
QuestionNumber.
12.
Thechordlineofawingisalinethatrunsfrom.
OptionA.
thecentreoftheleadingedgeofthewingtothetrailingedge.
OptionB.
halfwaybetweentheupperandlowersurfaceofthewing.
OptionC.
onewingtiptotheotherwingtip.
CorrectAnsweris. thecentreoftheleadingedgeofthewingtothetrailingedge.
Explanation. ThechordlineisaSTRAIGHTlinewhichgoesfromtheleadingedgeofthewingtothetrailing.
QuestionNumber.
13.
Theangleofincidenceofawingisanangleformedbylines.
OptionA.
paralleltothechordlineandlongitudinalaxis.
OptionB.
paralleltothechordlineandtheverticalaxis.
OptionC.
paralleltothechordlineandthelateralaxis.
CorrectAnsweris. paralleltothechordlineandlongitudinalaxis.
Explanation. Theangleofincidenceistheanglebetweenthechordlineandthelongitudinalaxis.
QuestionNumber.
14.
Thecentreofpressureofanaerofoilislocated.
OptionA.
3040%ofthechordlineforwardoftheleadingedge.
OptionB.
50%ofthechordlinebackfromtheleadingedge.
OptionC.
3040%ofthechordlinebackfromtheleadingedge.
CorrectAnsweris. 3040%ofthechordlinebackfromtheleadingedge.
Explanation. Thecentreofpressureispositionedroughly3040%ofthechordlineBACKfromtheleadingedge.
QuestionNumber.
15.
Compressibilityeffectis.
OptionA.
dragassociatedwiththeformofanaircraft.
OptionB.
theincreaseintotaldragofanaerofoilintransonicflightduetotheformationofshockwaves.
OptionC.
dragassociatedwiththefrictionoftheairoverthesurfaceoftheaircraft.
CorrectAnsweris. theincreaseintotaldragofanaerofoilintransonicflightduetotheformationofshockwaves.
Explanation. Compressibilityeffectisassociatedwithanincreaseindragduringthetransonicflightstage.
QuestionNumber.
16.
Ahighaspectratiowingwillgive.
OptionA.
highprofileandlowinduceddrag.
OptionB.
lowprofileandhighinduceddrag.
OptionC.
lowprofileandlowinduceddrag.
CorrectAnsweris. highprofileandlowinduceddrag.
Explanation. Ahighaspectratiohasalowerinduceddrag(duetolesswingtipeffect)andahigherfrontalareathereforegreater
profiledrag.
QuestionNumber.
17.
Aerofoilefficiencyisdefinedby.
OptionA.
liftoverdrag.
OptionB.
liftoverweight.
OptionC.
dragoverlift.
CorrectAnsweris. liftoverdrag.
Explanation. Atplus4degreesAOAtheliftweightratioisgreatest.ThisistheoptimumAOAthereforethewingisatitsmost
efficientwhenliftisgreatestanddragisataminimum.
QuestionNumber.
18.
Therelationshipbetweeninduceddragandairspeedis,induceddragis.
OptionA.
directlyproportionaltothesquareofthespeed.
OptionB.
directlyproportionaltospeed.
OptionC.
inverselyproportionaltothesquareofthespeed.
CorrectAnsweris. inverselyproportionaltothesquareofthespeed.
Explanation. Induceddragdecreasesproportionallywiththesquareofthespeed.
QuestionNumber.
19.
WhatisthedefinitionofAngleofIncidence?.
OptionA.
Theangletheundersideofthemainplaneortailplanemakeswiththehorizontal.
OptionB.
Theangletheundersideofthemainplaneortailplanemakeswiththelongitudinaldatumline.
OptionC.
Theanglethechordofthemainplaneortailplanemakeswiththehorizontal.
CorrectAnsweris. Theanglethechordofthemainplaneortailplanemakeswiththehorizontal.
Explanation. Angleofincidenceisthe'wingsettingangle'.Thatistheangleofthechordofthemainplaneortailplanewiththe
horizontaloraircraftcentrelinewhenintheriggingposition.
QuestionNumber.
20.
WhatisBoundaryLayer?.
OptionA.
Separatedlayerofairformingaboundaryattheleadingedge.
OptionB.
Sluggishlowenergyairthatstickstothewingsurfaceandgraduallygetsfasteruntilitjoinsthefreestreamflowofair.
OptionC.
Turbulentairmovingfromtheleadingedgetotrailingedge.
CorrectAnsweris. Sluggishlowenergyairthatstickstothewingsurfaceandgraduallygetsfasteruntilitjoinsthefreestream
flowofair.
Explanation. Theboundarylayeristhelayerofairimmediatelyincontactwiththeaircraftskinwhichissloweddownbytheskin
friction.
QuestionNumber.
21.
"Whatisthecollectivetermforthefinandrudder
andothersurfacesaftofthecentreofgravitythat
helpsdirectionalstability?."
OptionA.
Empennage.
OptionB.
Fuselagesurfaces.
OptionC.
Effectivekeelsurface.
CorrectAnsweris. Effectivekeelsurface.
Explanation. Allthesidesurfacesaftofthecentreofgravitywhichaidthedirectionalstabilityarecollectivelycalledthe
EFFECTIVEKEELSURFACE.
QuestionNumber.
22.
"Adecreaseinincidencetowardthewingtipmaybe
providedto."
OptionA.
preventadverseyawinaturn.
OptionB.
retainlateralcontroleffectivenessathighanglesofattack.
OptionC.
preventspanwiseflowinmaneuvers.
CorrectAnsweris. retainlateralcontroleffectivenessathighanglesofattack.
Explanation. Adecreaseinincidencetowardsthewingtip(knownaswashout)causesthewingroottostallbeforethewingtip.So,
evenafterthewingrootshavestalled,thewingtipsarestillflyingandfullaileroncontrolisprovided.
QuestionNumber.
23.
Foragivenaerofoilproductionlift,whereP=pressureandV=velocity.
OptionA.
P1isgreaterthanP2,andV1islessthanV2.
OptionB.
P1isgreaterthanP2,andV1isgreaterthanV2.
OptionC.
P1islessthanP2andV1isgreaterthanV2.
CorrectAnsweris. P1isgreaterthanP2,andV1islessthanV2.
Explanation. Bernoulli'sprincipleapplies.
QuestionNumber.
24.
Lowwingloading.
OptionA.
increasesstallingspeed,landingspeedandlandingrun.
OptionB.
increaseslift,stallingspeedandmaneuverability.
OptionC.
decreasesstallingspeed,landingspeedandlandingrun.
CorrectAnsweris. decreasesstallingspeed,landingspeedandlandingrun.
Explanation. Wingloadingisaircraftweightdividedbywingarea,thereforeanaircraftwithalowwingloadingwillrequireless
landingspeed,lesslandingrunandhaveadecreasedstallingspeed.
QuestionNumber.
25.
Asageneralrule,iftheaerodynamicangleofincidence(angleofattack)ofanaerofoilisslightly
increased,thecentreofpressurewill.
OptionA.
movetowardsthetip.
OptionB.
moveforwardtowardstheleadingedge.
OptionC.
nevermove.
CorrectAnsweris. moveforwardtowardstheleadingedge.
Explanation. Astheangleofattackincreasesthecentreofpressuremovestowardstheleadingedge.
QuestionNumber.
26.
The'wingsettingangle'iscommonlyknownas.
OptionA.
angleofdihedral.
OptionB.
angleofincidence.
OptionC.
angleofattack.
CorrectAnsweris. angleofincidence.
Explanation. Thewingsettingangleiscommonlyknownasthe'angleofincidence'.
QuestionNumber.
27.
Whendoestheangleofincidencechange?.
OptionA.
Itneverchanges.
OptionB.
Whentheaircraftattitudechanges.
OptionC.
Whentheaircraftisascendingordescending.
CorrectAnsweris. Itneverchanges.
Explanation. Theangleofincidenceistheangleatwhichthewingis'set'intothefuselage.Itneverchanges.
QuestionNumber.
28.
Astheangleofattackdecreases,whathappenstothecentreofpressure?.
OptionA.
Itmovesrearwards.
OptionB.
Centreofpressureisnotaffectedbyangleofattackdecrease.
OptionC.
Itmovesforward.
CorrectAnsweris. Itmovesrearwards.
Explanation. ThecentreofpressuremovesFORWARDSwithanINCREASEinangleofattack.ThereforeitmovesREARWARDS
withaDECREASEinangleofattack.
QuestionNumber.
29.
Adecreaseinpressureovertheuppersurfaceofawingoraerofoilisresponsiblefor.
OptionA.
approximately2/3(twothirds)oftheliftobtained.
OptionB.
approximately1/2(onehalf)oftheliftobtained.
OptionC.
approximately1/3(onethird)oftheliftobtained.
CorrectAnsweris. approximately2/3(twothirds)oftheliftobtained.
Explanation. Lookatadiagramoftheliftdistributionsonthetopandbottomsurfacesofawing.2/3rdsoftheliftisprovidedbythe
topsurface.
QuestionNumber.
30.
Whichofthefollowingtypesofdragincreasesastheaircraftgainsaltitude?.
OptionA.
Interferencedrag.
OptionB.
Parasitedrag.
OptionC.
Induceddrag.
CorrectAnsweris. Induceddrag.
Explanation. Asdensitydecreaseswithaltitude,theliftmustbecompensatedbyincreasingangleofattack.Induceddragincreases
withangleofattack,thereforeinduceddragincreaseswithaltitude.
QuestionNumber.
31.
Thelayerofairoverthesurfaceofanaerofoilwhichisslowermoving,inrelationtotherestofthe
airflow,isknownas.
OptionA.
noneoftheabove.
OptionB.
camberlayer.
OptionC.
boundarylayer.
CorrectAnsweris. boundarylayer.
Explanation. Theboundarylayeristhelayerofairinimmediatecontactwiththeskinoftheaircraftwhichissloweddownbyskin
friction.
QuestionNumber.
32.
Whatisacontrollingfactorofturbulenceandskinfriction?.
OptionA.
Countersunkrivetsusedonskinexterior.
OptionB.
Aspectratio.
OptionC.
Finenessratio.
CorrectAnsweris. Countersunkrivetsusedonskinexterior.
Explanation. Countersunkrivetsincreaseskinfrictionandturbulence.
QuestionNumber.
33.
IftheCofGisaftoftheCentreofPressure.
OptionA.
whentheaircraftyawstheaerodynamicforcesactingforwardoftheCentreofPressure.
OptionB.
changesinliftproduceapitchingmomentwhichactstoincreasethechangeinlift.
OptionC.
whentheaircraftsideslips,theCofGcausesthenosetoturnintothesideslipthusapplyingarestoringmoment.
CorrectAnsweris. changesinliftproduceapitchingmomentwhichactstoincreasethechangeinlift.
Explanation. IftheCofGisaftofthecentreofpressure(notnormal,butpossible),anincreaseinliftwillpitchtheaircraftnoseup,
whichwillincreasetheliftevenfurtheretc.etc.
QuestionNumber.
34.
Theupperpartofthewingincomparisontothelower.
OptionA.
developslesslift.
OptionB.
developsthesamelift.
OptionC.
developsmorelift.
CorrectAnsweris. developsmorelift.
Explanation. Lookattheliftdistributiondiagramofanaerofoilandseehowapproximately2/3rdsoftheliftisderivedfromthetop
surface.
QuestionNumber.
35.
WhateffectwouldaforwardCGhaveonanaircraftonlanding?.
OptionA.
Increasestallingspeed.
OptionB.
Reducestallingspeed.
OptionC.
Noeffectonlanding.
CorrectAnsweris. Increasestallingspeed.
Explanation. AforwardCGwouldrequirethetailoftheaircrafttoexertmoredownloadtokeepthenoselevel.Thiswillincrease
thewingloadingandthustheaircraftwouldstallatahigherspeed.
QuestionNumber.
36.
QNHrefersto.
OptionA.
quitenearhorizon.
OptionB.
settingthealtimetertozero.
OptionC.
settingthemeansealevelatmosphericpressuresoanaltimeterreadstheaerodromealtitudeabovemeansealevel.
CorrectAnsweris. altimeterreadstheaerodromealtitudeabovemeansealevel.
Explanation. Q'isthemathematicalsymbolforpressure.'NH'standsforNauticalHeight.QNHreferstothesettingofactualsea
levelatmosphericpressuresothealtimeterindicatestheactualaltitudeabovesealevelofthenonstandardday.
QuestionNumber.
37.
QNErefersto.
OptionA.
settingthemeansealevelatmosphericpressureinaccordancewithICAOstandardatmospherei.e.1013millibars.
OptionB.
Settinganaltimetertoreadaerodromealtitudeabovesealevel.
OptionC.
quitenewequipment.
CorrectAnsweris. settingthemeansealevelatmosphericpressureinaccordancewithICAOstandardatmospherei.e.1013
millibars.
Explanation. Q'isthemathematicalsymbolforpressure.'NE'standsforNauticalElevation.QNEreferstothesettingofthe
standardsealevelatmosphericpressure(i.e.1013mb)sothealtimeterindicatestheelevationabovemeansealevel.(Althoughitisnot
the'true'elevation,ifitisnotastandardday).
QuestionNumber.
38.
Anaspectratioof8:1wouldmean.
OptionA.
span64,meanchord8.
OptionB.
meanchord64,span8.
OptionC.
spansquared64,chord8.
CorrectAnsweris. span64,meanchord8.
Explanation. AspectRatioistheratioofthespantothechord.
QuestionNumber.
39.
QFEis.
OptionA.
airfieldpressure.
OptionB.
differencebetweensealevelandairfieldpressure.
OptionC.
sealevelpressure.
CorrectAnsweris. airfieldpressure.
Explanation. Q'isthemathematicalsymbolforpressure.'FE'standsforFieldElevation.QFEreferstosettingairfieldpressuresothe
altimeterindicateszeroontherunway.
QuestionNumber.
40.
Foranygivenspeed,adecreaseinaircraftweight,theinduceddragwill.
OptionA.
decrease.
OptionB.
remainthesame.
OptionC.
increase.
CorrectAnsweris. decrease.
Explanation. Induceddragis'liftdependantdrag'.Lessliftandtherewillbelessinduceddrag.
QuestionNumber.
41.
Theamountofliftgeneratedbyawingis.
OptionA.
greatestatthetip.
OptionB.
constantalongthespan.
OptionC.
greatestattheroot.
CorrectAnsweris. greatestattheroot.
Explanation. Seeadiagramoftheliftdistributionofthewing(viewedfromthefront)andyouwillseeitisparabolic.Thewingtip
vorticesdecreasetheliftatthetips.
QuestionNumber.
42.
InducedDragis.
OptionA.
greatesttowardsthetipanddownwashdecreasesfromtiptoroot.
OptionB.
greatesttowardsthewingtipanddownwashisgreatesttowardstheroot.
OptionC.
greatesttowardsthewingrootanddownwashisgreatestatthetip.
CorrectAnsweris. greatesttowardsthetipanddownwashdecreasesfromtiptoroot.
Explanation. Induceddragisassociatedwithwingtipvortices.Thegreaterthevorticesatthetip,thegreateristheinduceddrag.
QuestionNumber.
43.
InducedDragis.
OptionA.
neverequaltoprofiledrag.
OptionB.
equaltoprofiledragatVmd.
OptionC.
equaltoprofiledragatstallingangle.
CorrectAnsweris. equaltoprofiledragatVmd.
Explanation. Sketchthedragcurves(dragagainstspeed).Induceddragdecreasesexponentiallywithspeed.Profiledragincreases
exponentiallywithspeed.Vmd(minimumdragspeed)iswheretheymeet.
QuestionNumber.
44.
Withanincreaseinaircraftweight.
OptionA.
Vmdwillbeatahigherspeed.
OptionB.
Vmdwillbeatthesamespeed.
OptionC.
Vmdwillbeatalowerspeed.
CorrectAnsweris. Vmdwillbeatahigherspeed.
Explanation. Sketchthedragcurves(dragagainstspeed).Induceddragdecreasesexponentiallywithspeed.Profiledragincreases
exponentiallywithspeed.Theinduceddragiselevatedwithweight(sinceitisliftdependant)andsocutstheprofiledragfurtherto
theright(higherVmd).
QuestionNumber.
45.
ForagivenIASanincreaseinaltitudewillresultin.
OptionA.
anincreaseininduceddrag.
OptionB.
nochangeinthevalueofinduceddrag.
OptionC.
anincreaseinprofiledrag.
CorrectAnsweris. anincreaseininduceddrag.
Explanation. Withadecreaseindensitytheaircraftmustflywithagreaterangleofattack(CL)tocompensateforthelossoflift.
InduceddragisdependantuponAOA,thereforeinduceddragincreaseswithaltitude.
QuestionNumber.
46.
Astheangleofattackofawingisincreasedinlevelflight.
OptionA.
theCofGmovesaftandtheCofPforward.
OptionB.
theCofPandtransitionpointmoveforward.
OptionC.
theCofPmovesforwardandthestagnationpointaftovertheuppersurface.
CorrectAnsweris. theCofPandtransitionpointmoveforward.ORtheCofPmovesforwardandthestagnationpointaftoverthe.
Explanation. AsAOAincreasesinlevelflight,CofPmovesforwardandtheTransitionPoint(thepointatwhichthelaminarflow
breaksawayandformsintoturbulentflow)alsomovesforward.
QuestionNumber.
47.
Stallinducersmaybefittedtoawing.
OptionA.
attheroottocausetheroottostallfirst.
OptionB.
atthetiptocausetheroottostallfirst.
OptionC.
attheroottocausethetiptostallfirst.
CorrectAnsweris. attheroottocausetheroottostallfirst.
Explanation. Stallinducers(orstallstrips)areplacedattherootofthewingtotripuptheairflowjustbeforefullstalltoensurethe
wingstallsfirstattheroot(andmaintainstheaileronauthorityevenwithapartiallystalledwing).
QuestionNumber.
48.
Theoptimumangleofattackofanaerofoilistheangleatwhich.
OptionA.
theaerofoilproducesmaximumlift.
OptionB.
theaerofoilproduceszerolift.
OptionC.
thehighestlift/dragratioisproduced.
CorrectAnsweris. thehighestlift/dragratioisproduced.
Explanation. Theoptimumangleofattackistheangleatwhichthehighestlift/dragratioisproduced.
QuestionNumber.
49.
Ahighaspectratiowinghasa.
OptionA.
increasedinduceddrag.
OptionB.
decreasedskinfrictiondrag.
OptionC.
decreasedinduceddrag.
CorrectAnsweris. thehighestlift/dragratioisproduced.
Explanation. Induceddragdecreaseswithincreasingaspectratio.(However,skinfrictiondragalsoreduceswithanincreasedchord
lengthduetothickeningoftheboundarylayerbutthisislesssignificant.).
QuestionNumber.
50.
Minimumtotaldragofanaircraftoccurs.
OptionA.
wheninduceddragisleast.
OptionB.
atthestallingspeed.
OptionC.
whenprofiledragequalsinduceddrag.
CorrectAnsweris. whenprofiledragequalsinduceddrag.
Explanation. Sketchthedragcurves(dragagainstspeed).Induceddragdecreasesexponentiallywithspeed.Profiledragincreases
exponentiallywithspeed.Vmd(minimumdragspeed)iswheretheymeet.
QuestionNumber.
51.
Iftheweightofanaircraftisincreased,theinduceddragatagivenspeed.
OptionA.
willincrease.
OptionB.
willdecrease.
OptionC.
willremainthesame.
CorrectAnsweris. willincrease.
Explanation. Ifweightisincreased,foragivenspeedtheaircraftmustflyatagreaterangleofattack(CL).Induceddragincreases
withincreasedAOA.
QuestionNumber.
52.
Thetransitionpointonawingisthepointwhere.
OptionA.
theboundarylayerflowchangesfromlaminartoturbulent.
OptionB.
theflowdividestopassaboveandbelowthewing.
OptionC.
theflowseparatesfromthewingsurface.
CorrectAnsweris. theboundarylayerflowchangesfromlaminartoturbulent.
Explanation. Thetransitionpointisapointonthesurfaceofthewingwheretheboundarylayerchangesfromlaminartoturbulent.
QuestionNumber.
53.
Theboundarylayerofabodyinamovingairstreamis.
OptionA.
alayerofairoverthesurfacewheretheairspeedischangingfromfreestreamspeedtozerospeed.
OptionB.
alayerofseparatedflowwheretheairisturbulent.
OptionC.
athinlayerofairoverthesurfacewheretheairisstationary.
CorrectAnsweris. athinlayerofairoverthesurfacewheretheairisstationary.ORalayerofairoverthesurfacewherethe
airspeedischangingfromfreestreamspeedtozerospeed.
Explanation. Theboundarylayerisathinlayerofslowedairincontactwiththesurfaceoftheskinwhichisslowedbyfriction.
Speedrangingfromstationarytofreestreamspeed.
QuestionNumber.
54.
Alaminarboundarylayerwillproduce.
OptionA.
moreskinfrictiondragthanaturbulentone.
OptionB.
thesameskinfrictiondragasaturbulentone.
OptionC.
lessskinfrictiondragthanaturbulentone.
CorrectAnsweris. lessskinfrictiondragthanaturbulentone.
Explanation. Skinfrictiondragisgreaterinaturbulentboundarylayerthaninalaminarboundarylayer.
QuestionNumber.
55.
Theboundarylayeris.
OptionA.
thickestattheleadingedge.
OptionB.
thickestatthetrailingedge.
OptionC.
constantthicknessfromleadingtotrailingedges.
CorrectAnsweris. thickestatthetrailingedge.
Explanation. Theboundarylayeristhickestatthetrailingedge.
QuestionNumber.
56.
Theamountofthrustproducedbyajetengineorapropellercanbecalculatedusing.
OptionA.
Newtons3rdlaw.
OptionB.
Newtons2ndlaw.
OptionC.
Newtons1stlaw.
CorrectAnsweris. Newtons2ndlaw.
Explanation. Newton'ssecondlawisForce=MassxAcceleration.
QuestionNumber.
57.
Anenginewhichproducesaneffluxofhighspeedwillbe.
OptionA.
lessefficient.
OptionB.
moreefficient.
OptionC.
speedofeffluxhasnoaffectontheengineefficiency.
CorrectAnsweris. lessefficient.
Explanation. Apureturbojetacceleratesalowmassofairatahighrateandislessefficientthanaturbofanorturboprop.Thisis
2
becausethewastedenergyis1/2mV
ofthejetefflux.
QuestionNumber.
58.
Wingloadingiscalculatedbyweight.
OptionA.
dividedbylift.
OptionB.
dividedbygrosswingarea.
OptionC.
multipliedbygrosswingarea.
CorrectAnsweris. dividedbygrosswingarea.
Explanation. WingloadingisweightdividedbywingareaandmeasuredinNewtonspersquaremetre.
QuestionNumber.
59.
Induceddragis.
OptionA.
nothingtodowithspeed.
OptionB.
proportionaltospeed.
OptionC.
inverselyproportionaltothesquareofspeed.
CorrectAnsweris. inverselyproportionaltothesquareofspeed.
Explanation. Induceddragisinverselyproportionaltothesquareofthespeedi.e.itreduceswiththesquareofthespeed.
QuestionNumber.
60.
Astheangleofattackincreasesthestagnationpoint.
OptionA.
movestowardstheuppersurface.
OptionB.
doesnotmove.
OptionC.
movestowardsthelowersurface.
CorrectAnsweris. movestowardsthelowersurface.
Explanation. Thestagnationpointisthestationaryairattheleadingedgeofthewing.Astheangleofattackincreasesthestagnation
pointmovestowardsthelowersurface.
QuestionNumber.
61.
Thetermpitchupisdueto.
OptionA.
compressibilityeffect.
OptionB.
groundeffect.
OptionC.
longitudinalinstability.
CorrectAnsweris. longitudinalinstability.
Explanation. Pitchup'isalongitudinalinstability.Itiscausedbywingtipstallonsweptwings,resultinginadropofthetail.
QuestionNumber.
62.
InasteadyclimbatasteadyIAS,theTASis.
OptionA.
morethanIAS.
OptionB.
thesame.
OptionC.
lessthanIAS.
CorrectAnsweris. morethanIAS.
Explanation. IAS=TASxsquarerootofsigma.Sigmaistheratioofdensityataltitudetodensityatsealevel.Sigmaisalwaysless
than1.
QuestionNumber.
63.
Anuntaperedstraightwingwill.
OptionA.
havenoyaweffectinbanking.
OptionB.
stallattherootfirst.
OptionC.
havenochangeininduceddraginthebank.
CorrectAnsweris. stallattherootfirst.
Explanation. Thestraightwingwillalwaysstallattherootfirst.Thisisthedesiredstallcharacteristic.
QuestionNumber.
64.
Withtheaileronsawayfromtheneutral,induceddragis.
OptionA.
higheronthelowerwingplusprofiledragincreases.
OptionB.
unchangedbutprofiledragishigher.
OptionC.
higherontheupperwingplusprofiledragincreases.
CorrectAnsweris. higherontheupperwingplusprofiledragincreases.
Explanation. Induceddragis'liftdependantdrag'.Theupperwinghasmoreliftandhencemoreinduceddrag.Italsohasmore
profiledragduetotheaileron'sprotrusionintotheairflow.
QuestionNumber.
65.
Alltheliftcanbesaidtoactthroughthe.
OptionA.
centreofpressure.
OptionB.
centreofgravity.
OptionC.
normalaxis.
CorrectAnsweris. centreofpressure.
Explanation. Alltheliftissaidtoactthroughthecentreofpressure.
QuestionNumber.
66.
Theconceptofthrustisexplainedby.
OptionA.
Bernoullistheorem.
OptionB.
Newtons3rdlaw.
OptionC.
Newtons1stlaw.
CorrectAnsweris. Newtons3rdlaw.
Explanation. Newton'sThirdLawstates'Everyactionhasanequalandoppositereaction'.
QuestionNumber.
67.
Thecamberofanaerofoilsectionis.
OptionA.
theanglewhichtheaerofoilmakeswiththerelativeairflow.
OptionB.
thecurvatureofthemedianlineoftheaerofoil.
OptionC.
theangleofincidencetowardsthetipofawing.
CorrectAnsweris. thecurvatureofthemedianlineoftheaerofoil.
Explanation. Aerofoilcamberisthecurvatureofthemedianlineoftheaerofoil.
QuestionNumber.
68.
Induceddrag.
OptionA.
iscausedbyskinfriction.
OptionB.
isassociatedwiththeliftgeneratedbyanaerofoil.
OptionC.
resultsfromdisturbedairflowintheregionofmainplane.ORisassociatedwiththeliftgeneratedbyanaerofoil.
CorrectAnsweris. resultsfromdisturbedairflowintheregionofmainplaneattachments.
Explanation. Induceddragisoftencalled'liftdependantdrag'becauseitincreaseswithincreasinglift(duetoincreasedAOA).
QuestionNumber.
69.
Asairflowsovertheuppercamberedsurfaceofanaerofoil,whathappenstovelocityandpressure?.
OptionA.
Velocityincreases,pressureincreases.
OptionB.
Velocityincreases,pressuredecreases.
OptionC.
Velocitydecreases,pressuredecreases.
CorrectAnsweris. Velocityincreases,pressuredecreases.
Explanation. Asairflowsovertheuppercamberedsurfaceofanaerofoil,velcityincreasesandpressuredecreases.Thisis
Bernoulli'seffect.
QuestionNumber.
70.
Whatistheforcethattendstopullanaircraftdowntowardstheearth?.
OptionA.
Thrust.
OptionB.
Weight.
OptionC.
Drag.
CorrectAnsweris. Weight.
Explanation. Weighttendstopulltheaircraftdowntowardstheearth.
QuestionNumber.
71.
Theangleatwhichthechordlineoftheaerofoilispresentedtotheairflowisknownas.
OptionA.
angleofattack.
OptionB.
resultant.
OptionC.
angleofincidence.
CorrectAnsweris. angleofattack.
Explanation. AngleofAttackistheangleatwhichthechordlineoftheaerofoilispresentedtotheairflow.
QuestionNumber.
72.
Theimaginarystraightlinewhichpassesthroughanaerofoilsectionfromleadingedgetotrailingedge
iscalled.
OptionA.
thechordline.
OptionB.
thedirectionofrelativeairflow.
OptionC.
centreofpressure.
CorrectAnsweris. thechordline.
Explanation. TheChordLineistheimaginarystraightlinewhichpassesthroughtheaerofoilfromleadingedgetotrailingedge.
QuestionNumber.
73.
Whatistheanglebetweenthechordlineofthewing,andthelongitudinalaxisoftheaircraft,known
as?.
OptionA.
Angleofdihedral.
OptionB.
Angleofattack.
OptionC.
Angleofincidence.
CorrectAnsweris. Angleofincidence.
Explanation. Angleofincidenceistheanglebetweenthechordlineofthewingandthelongitudinalaxisoftheaircraft.
QuestionNumber.
74.
Wingtipvorticescreateatypeofdragknownas.
OptionA.
formdrag.
OptionB.
profiledrag.
OptionC.
induceddrag.
CorrectAnsweris. induceddrag.
Explanation. Induceddragisassociatedwithwingtipvortices.
QuestionNumber.
75.
Whichofthefollowingdescribesthe'Empennage'?.
OptionA.
Tailsectionoftheaircraft,includingfin,rudder,tailplaneandelevators.
OptionB.
Nosesectionofanaircraft,includingthecockpit.
OptionC.
Thewings,includingtheailerons.
CorrectAnsweris. Tailsectionoftheaircraft,includingfin,rudder,tailplaneandelevators.
Explanation. Empannage'isthewholetailoftheaircraftincludingfin,rudder,tailplaneandelevator.
QuestionNumber.
76.
Astheangleofattackisincreased(uptothestallpoint),whichofthefollowingiscorrect?.
OptionA.
Botha)andb)arecorrect.
OptionB.
Pressuredifferencebetweentopandbottomofthewingincreases.
OptionC.
Liftincreases.
CorrectAnsweris. Botha)andb)arecorrect.
Explanation. Astheangleofattackisincreasedthepressuredifferencebetweentheupperandlowersurfacesofthewingis
increased.Thiscausesthelifttoincrease.
QuestionNumber.
77.
Whattypeofdrag,dependsonthesmoothnessofthebody,andsurfaceareaoverwhichtheairflows?.
OptionA.
Formdrag.
OptionB.
Parasitedrag.
OptionC.
Skinfrictiondrag.
CorrectAnsweris. Skinfrictiondrag.
Explanation. Skinfrictiondragdependsuponthesmoothnessofthebodyandthesurfacearea.
QuestionNumber.
78.
Whenairflowvelocityoveranuppercamberedsurfaceofanaerofoildecreases,whattakesplace?.
OptionA.
Pressuredecreases,liftincreases.
OptionB.
Pressureincreases,liftdecreases.
OptionC.
Pressureincreases,liftincreases.
CorrectAnsweris. Pressureincreases,liftdecreases.
Explanation. WhenairflowvelocityovertheuppercamberedsurfaceofanaerofoilDECREASES,thepressureincreasesandthus
theliftdecreases.
QuestionNumber.
79.
Whenanaircraftstalls.
OptionA.
liftincreasesanddragdecreases.
OptionB.
liftanddragincrease.
OptionC.
liftdecreasesanddragincreases.
CorrectAnsweris. liftdecreasesanddragincreases.
Explanation. Whenanaircraftstallsthedragincreasesandtheliftdecreases.
QuestionNumber.
80.
Wingloadingis.
OptionA.
themaximumallupweightmultipliedbythetotalwingarea.
OptionB.
themaximumallupweightdividedbythetotalwingarea.
OptionC.
theratiooftheallupweightoftheaircrafttoitsbasicweight.
CorrectAnsweris. theratiooftheallupweightoftheaircrafttoitsbasicweight.ORthemaximumallupweightdividedbythe
totalwingarea.
Explanation. WingLoadingisweightdividedbywingarea.MeasuredinNewtonsperSquareMetre.
QuestionNumber.
81.
Anaircraftwingwithanaspectrationof6:1isproportionalsothat.
OptionA.
thewingareaissixtimesthespan.
OptionB.
themeanchordissixtimesthethickness.
OptionC.
thewingspanissixtimesthemeanchord.
CorrectAnsweris. thewingspanissixtimesthemeanchord.
Explanation. Ifaspectratiois6:1thewingspanis6timesthemeanchord.
QuestionNumber.
82.
Upwardandoutwardinclinationofamainplaneistermed.
OptionA.
dihedral.
OptionB.
sweep.
OptionC.
stagger.
CorrectAnsweris. dihedral.
Explanation. Upwardandoutwardinclinationofamainplaneistermeddihedral.
QuestionNumber.
83.
Whichofthefollowingforcesactonanaircraftinlevelflight?.
OptionA.
Lift,drag,thrust.
OptionB.
Lift,thrust,andweight.
OptionC.
Lift,thrust,weight,anddrag.
CorrectAnsweris. Lift,thrust,weight,anddrag.
Explanation. Lift,thrust,weightanddragactonanaircraftinlevelflight.
QuestionNumber.
84.
Withreferencetoaltimeters,QFEis.
OptionA.
themanufacturersregisteredname.
OptionB.
quitefineequipment.
OptionC.
settingaerodromeatmosphericpressuresothatanaltimeterreadszeroonlandingandtakeoff.
CorrectAnsweris. settingaerodromeatmosphericpressuresothatanaltimeterreadszeroonlandingandtakeoff.
Explanation. Qisthemathematicalsymbolforpressure.FEstandsforFieldElevation.QFEreferstosettingthealtimeterto
aerodromeatmosphericpressuresothealtimeterreadszeroonlandingandtakeoff.
QuestionNumber.
85.
UndertheICAO'Q'codetherearewhichthreesettings?.
OptionA.
QEF,QNH,QEN.
OptionB.
QE,QN,QQE.
OptionC.
QFE,QNH,QNE.
CorrectAnsweris. QFE,QNH,QNE.
Explanation. TheICAO'Q'codesareQFE.QNE,QNH.
QuestionNumber.
86.
Wingloadingis.
OptionA.
WINGAREA*WINGCHORD.
OptionB.
GROSSWEIGHTdividedbyGROSSWINGAREA.
OptionC.
theultimatetensilestrengthofthewing.
CorrectAnsweris. GROSSWEIGHTdividedbyGROSSWINGAREA.
Explanation. WingloadingisgrossweightdividedbywingareameasuredinNewtonsperSquareMetre.
QuestionNumber.
87.
Weightisequalto.
OptionA.
mass*acceleration.
OptionB.
mass*gravity.
OptionC.
volume*gravity.
CorrectAnsweris. mass*gravity.
Explanation. Weight=mass*gravityinstraightandlevelflight.Inamanoeuvre,additionalaccelerationsarepresent,whichare
sometimesconsideredtoincreaseweight.Thequestioncanthereforebeansweredintwoways.
QuestionNumber.
88.
Induceddrag.
OptionA.
increaseswithincreaseinaircraftweight.
OptionB.
increaseswithanincreaseinspeed.
OptionC.
reduceswithanincreaseinangleofattack.
CorrectAnsweris. increaseswithincreaseinaircraftweight.
Explanation. Induceddragincreasewithaircraftweightbecauseitis'liftdependantdrag'.
QuestionNumber.
89.
Airflowovertheuppersurfaceofthewinggenerally.
OptionA.
flowstowardsthetip.
OptionB.
flowstowardstheroot.
OptionC.
flowsstraightfromleadingedgetotrailingedge.
CorrectAnsweris. flowstowardstheroot.
Explanation. Duetowingtipvorticesthereisageneralflowofairfromtiptorootonthetopsurface,androottotiponthelower
surface.
QuestionNumber.
90.
WithanincreaseinaspectratioforagivenIAS,induceddragwill.
OptionA.
reduce.
OptionB.
remainconstant.
OptionC.
increase.
CorrectAnsweris. reduce.
Explanation. Alongslenderwing(highaspectratio)hasalowinduceddrag.
QuestionNumber.
91.
Ifthedensityoftheairisincreased,theliftwill.
OptionA.
remainthesame.
OptionB.
increase.
OptionC.
decrease.
CorrectAnsweris. increase.
Explanation. Seetheformulaforlift.Liftisdirectlyproportionaltoairdensity.
QuestionNumber.
92.
Allthefactorsthataffecttheliftproducedbyanaerofoilare.
OptionA.
angleofattack,velocity,wingarea,aerofoilshape,airdensity.
OptionB.
angleofattack,airtemperature,velocity,wingarea.
OptionC.
angleofattack,airdensity,velocity,wingarea.
CorrectAnsweris. angleofattack,velocity,wingarea,aerofoilshape,airdensity.
Explanation. LiftformulaisCL(includesaerofoilshapeandangleofattack)*1/2*airdensity*velocitysquared.
QuestionNumber.
93.
Awingsectionsuitableforhighspeedwouldbe.
OptionA.
thinwithhighcamber.
OptionB.
thickwithhighcamber.
OptionC.
thinwithlittleornocamber.
CorrectAnsweris. thinwithlittleornocamber.
Explanation. Ahighspeedwingisthinwithlittlecamber.
QuestionNumber.
94.
Theinduceddragofanaircraft.
OptionA.
increasesifaspectratioisincreased.
OptionB.
decreaseswithincreasingspeed.
OptionC.
increaseswithincreasingspeed.
CorrectAnsweris. decreaseswithincreasingspeed.
Explanation. Induceddragdecreaseswithincreasingspeed.
QuestionNumber.
95.
Asthespeedofanaircraftincreases,theprofiledrag.
OptionA.
decreasesatfirstthenincrease.
OptionB.
increases.
OptionC.
decreases.
CorrectAnsweris. increases.
Explanation. Profiledragincreaseswithincreasingspeed.
QuestionNumber.
96.
Thestagnationpointonanaerofoilisthepointwhere.
OptionA.
theboundarylayerchangesfromlaminartoturbulent.
OptionB.
thesuctionpressurereachesamaximum.
OptionC.
theairflowisbroughtcompletelytorest.
CorrectAnsweris. theairflowisbroughtcompletelytorest.
Explanation. Thestagnationpointontheaerofoilisthepointwheretheairflowisbroughtcompletelytorestontheleadingedge.
QuestionNumber.
97.
Thestallingofanaerofoilisaffectedbythe.
OptionA.
transitionspeed.
OptionB.
airspeed.
OptionC.
angleofattack.
CorrectAnsweris. angleofattack.
Explanation. Thestallpositionofanaerofoilisdeterminedbyitsangleofattackonly.
QuestionNumber.
98.
Themostfuelefficientofthefollowingtypesofengineisthe.
OptionA.
turbojetengine.
OptionB.
turbofanengine.
OptionC.
rocket.
CorrectAnsweris. turbofanengine.
Explanation. Theturbofanisthemostfuelefficientengine.
QuestionNumber.
99.
Thequietestofthefollowingtypesofengineisthe.
OptionA.
turbojetengine.
OptionB.
rocket.
OptionC.
turbofanengine.
CorrectAnsweris. turbofanengine.
Explanation. Theturbofanisthequietestengine.
QuestionNumber.
100. Forwardmotionofagliderisprovidedby.
OptionA.
theweight.
OptionB.
thedrag.
OptionC.
theengine.
CorrectAnsweris. theweight.
Explanation. Theweightprovidesforwardmotionofaglider.
QuestionNumber.
101. Profiledragconsistsofwhatdragtypes?.
OptionA.
Form,inducedandinterference.
OptionB.
Form,inducedandskinfriction.
OptionC.
Form,skinfrictionandinterference.
CorrectAnsweris. Form,skinfrictionandinterference.
Explanation. Profiledrag(knownasParasitedragintheUSA)consistsofFormDrag,SkinFrictionDragandInterferenceDrag.
QuestionNumber.
102. Anaircraftinstraightandlevelflightissubjectto.
OptionA.
aloadfactorof1.
OptionB.
aloadfactorof.
OptionC.
zeroloadfactor.
CorrectAnsweris. aloadfactorof1.
Explanation. Anaircraftinstraightandlevelflightissubjecttoaloadfactorof1(i.e.1g).
QuestionNumber.
103. Aspectratioisgivenbytheformula.
OptionA.
MeanChord/Span.
2
OptionB.
Span
/Area.
2
OptionC.
Span
/MeanChord.
2
CorrectAnsweris. Span
/Area.
2
Explanation. AspectRatioisspan/meanchord.Multiplytopandbottombyspanandyougetspan
/area.
QuestionNumber.
104. Anaspectratioof8means.
OptionA.
themeanchordis8timesthespan.
OptionB.
thespanis8timesthemeanchord.
OptionC.
theareais8timesthespan.
CorrectAnsweris. thespanis8timesthemeanchord.
Explanation. AnAspectRatioof8meansthespanis8timesthechord.
QuestionNumber.
105. Ahighaspectratiowing.
OptionA.
hasahigherstallanglethanalowaspectratiowing.
OptionB.
isstifferthanalowaspectratiowing.
OptionC.
haslessinduceddragthanalowaspectratiowing.
CorrectAnsweris. haslessinduceddragthanalowaspectratiowing.
Explanation. Alongslenderwing(highaspectratio)haslessinduceddragthanashortstubbywing.
QuestionNumber.
106. Induceddownwash.
OptionA.
reducestheeffectiveangleofattackofthewing.
OptionB.
increasestheeffectiveangleofattackofthewing.
OptionC.
hasnoeffectontheangleofattackofthewing.
CorrectAnsweris. reducestheeffectiveangleofattackofthewing.
Explanation. Induceddownwashreducestheeffectiveangleofattackofthewing.
QuestionNumber.
107. Astraightrectangularwing,withoutanytwist,will.
OptionA.
havelessangleofattackatthetip.
OptionB.
havegreaterangleofattackatthetip.
OptionC.
havethesameangleofattackatallpointsalongthespan.
CorrectAnsweris. havethesameangleofattackatallpointsalongthespan.ORhavelessangleofattackatthetip.
Explanation. Duetowingtipvortices,thereismoredownwashatthetip,andthereforethereislessangleofattackatthetip.
QuestionNumber.
108. Given2wings,thefirstwithaspanof12mandachordof2m.Thesecondhasaspanof6manda
chordof1m.HowdotheirAspectRatioscompare?.
OptionA.
Thefirstishigher.
OptionB.
Theyarethesame.
OptionC.
Thesecondishigher.
CorrectAnsweris. Theyarethesame.
Explanation. Aspectratio=Span/Chord.
QuestionNumber.
109. TheCofGmovesinflight.Themostlikelycauseofthisis.
OptionA.
movementofpassengers.
OptionB.
consumptionoffuelandoils.
OptionC.
movementofcargo.
CorrectAnsweris. consumptionoffuelandoils.
Explanation. ConsumptionoffuelandoilcausestheCofGtomoveinflight.
QuestionNumber.
110. Astraightrectangularwing,withoutanytwist,will.
OptionA.
stallequallyalongthespanofthewing.
OptionB.
stallfirstatthetip.
OptionC.
stallfirstattheroot.
CorrectAnsweris. stallfirstattheroot.
Explanation. Astraightrectangularwingwillstallfirstattheroot.Thisisbecausetheeffectiveangleofattackisreducedatthetips
becauseofthegreaterdownwashatthetips.
QuestionNumber.
111. Whenanaircraftexperiencesinduceddrag.
OptionA.
airflowsunderthewingspanwisetowardstherootandontopofthewingspanwisetowardsthetip.
OptionB.
airflowsunderthewingspanwisetowardsthetipandontopofthewingspanwisetowardstheroot.
OptionC.
Neithera)orb)sinceinduceddragdoesnotcausespanwiseflow.
CorrectAnsweris. Neithera)orb)sinceinduceddragdoesnotcausespanwise.ORairflowsunderthewingspanwisetowards
thetipandontopofthewingspanwisetowardstheroot.
Explanation. Induceddragcausesairtoflowunderthewingspanwisetowardsthetipandontopofthewingspanwisetowardsthe
root.
QuestionNumber.
112. Anaeroplanewingisdesignedtoproduceliftresultingfromrelatively.
OptionA.
positiveairpressurebelowandabovethewing'ssurface.
OptionB.
positiveairpressurebelowthewing'ssurfaceannegativeairpressureabovethewing'ssurface.
OptionC.
negativeairpressurebelowthewing'ssurfaceandpositiveairpressureabovethewing'ssurface.ORnegativeair
pressurebelowthewing'ssurfaceandpositiveair.
CorrectAnsweris. negativeairpressurebelowthewing'ssurfaceandpositiveair.
Explanation. Thewingisdesignedtoproduceliftresultingfromrelativelypositiveairpressurebelowthewingsurfaceandnegative
airpressureabovethewingsurface.
QuestionNumber.
113. Aspectratioofawingisdefinedastheratioofthe.
OptionA.
wingspantothemeanchord.
OptionB.
wingspantothewingroot.
OptionC.
squareofthechordtothewingspan.
CorrectAnsweris. wingspantothemeanchord.
Explanation. Aspectratioisdefinedastheratioofthewingspantomeanchord.
QuestionNumber.
114. Whichofthefollowingistrue?.
OptionA.
Liftactsatrightanglestotherelativeairflowandweightactsverticallydown.
OptionB.
Liftactsatrightanglestothewingchordlineandweightactsverticallydown.
OptionC.
Liftactsatrightanglestotherelativeairflowandweightactsatrightanglestotheaircraftcentreline.
CorrectAnsweris. Liftactsatrightanglestotherelativeairflowandweightactsverticallydown.
Explanation. Liftactsatrightanglestotherelativeairflowandweightactsverticallydown.
QuestionNumber.
115. Theairflowovertheuppersurfaceofacamberedwing.
OptionA.
increasesinvelocityandreducesinpressure.
OptionB.
increasesinvelocityandpressure.
OptionC.
reducesinvelocityandincreasesinpressure.
CorrectAnsweris. increasesinvelocityandreducesinpressure.
Explanation. Airflowflowingovertheuppersurfaceofanaerofoilincreasesinvelocityanddecreasesinpressure.
QuestionNumber.
116. Withincreasedspeedinlevelflight.
OptionA.
profiledragincreases.
OptionB.
induceddragincreases.
OptionC.
profiledragremainsconstant.
CorrectAnsweris. profiledragincreases.
Explanation. Withincreasedspeedinlevelflight,theprofiledragincreasesandtheinduceddragdecreases.
QuestionNumber.
117. Anaeroplanewingisdesignedtoproduceliftresultingfromrelatively.
OptionA.
positiveairpressurebelowthewing'ssurfaceandnegativeairpressureabovethewing'ssurface.
OptionB.
negativeairpressurebelowthewing'ssurfaceandpositiveairpressureabovethewing'ssurface.
OptionC.
positiveairpressurebelowandabovethewing'ssurface.
CorrectAnsweris. positiveairpressurebelowandabovethewing'ssurface.
Explanation. Thewingisdesignedtoproduceliftresultingfromrelativelypositiveairpressurebelowthewingsurfaceandnegative
airpressureabovethewingsurface.".
QuestionNumber.
118. Theangleofattackofanaerofoilsectionistheanglebetweenthe.
OptionA.
undersideofthewingsurfaceandthemeanairflow.
OptionB.
chordlineandtherelativeairflow.
OptionC.
chordlineandthecentrelineofthefuselage.
CorrectAnsweris. chordlineandtherelativeairflow.
Explanation. Angleofattackofanaerofoilistheanglebetweenthechordlineandtherelativeairflow.
QuestionNumber.
119. Asweptwingtendstostallfirstatthe.
OptionA.
centresection.
OptionB.
root.
OptionC.
tip.
CorrectAnsweris. tip.
Explanation. Asweptwingtendstostallfirstatthetip.
QuestionNumber.
120. Thetrailingvortexonapointedwing(taperratio=0)is.
OptionA.
atthetip.
OptionB.
equallyallalongthewingspan.
OptionC.
attheroot.
CorrectAnsweris. attheroot.
Explanation. Thevortexofapointedwingconcentratedattherootofthewingexactlyoppositetostraightwings.
QuestionNumber.
121. Theliftcurveforadeltawingis.
OptionA.
moresteepthanthatofahighaspectratiowing.
OptionB.
lesssteepthanthatofahighaspectratiowing.
OptionC.
thesameasthatofahighaspectratiowing.
CorrectAnsweris. lesssteepthanthatofahighaspectratiowing.
Explanation. Adeltawingproduceslessliftforanygivenangleofattackthananyothertypeofwing.
QuestionNumber.
122. Anincreaseinthespeedatwhichanaerofoilpassesthroughtheairincreasesliftbecause.
OptionA.
theincreasedspeedoftheairflowcreatesagreaterpressuredifferentialbetweentheupperandlowersurfaces.
OptionB.
theincreasedspeedoftheairflowcreatesalesserpressuredifferentialbetweentheupperandlowersurfaces.
OptionC.
theincreasedvelocityoftherelativewindincreasestheangleofattack.
CorrectAnsweris. theincreasedvelocityoftherelativewindincreasestheangle.ORtheincreasedspeedoftheairflowcreatesa
greaterpressuredifferentialbetweentheupperandlowersurfaces.
Explanation. Increasingthespeedofanaerofoilincreasesthepressuredifferentialbetweentheupperandlowersurface.
QuestionNumber.
123. Adeltawinghas.
OptionA.
alowerstallanglethanastraightwing.
OptionB.
ahigherstallanglethanastraightwing.
OptionC.
thesamestallanglethanastraightwing.
CorrectAnsweris. ahigherstallanglethanastraightwing.
Explanation. Adeltawinghasamuchhigherstallanglethananormalwing(someasmuchas40degrees).
QuestionNumber.
124. Theairflowovertheuppersurfaceofacamberedwing.
OptionA.
reducesinvelocityandincreasesinpressure.
OptionB.
increasesinvelocityandreducesinpressure.
OptionC.
increasesinvelocityandpressure.
CorrectAnsweris. increasesinvelocityandreducesinpressure.
Explanation. Airflowovertheuppersurfaceofacamberedsurfaceofthewingincreasesinvelocityanddecreasesinpressure.
QuestionNumber.
125. Thespeedofairoverasweptwingwhichcontributestotheliftis.
OptionA.
lessthantheaircraftspeed.
OptionB.
thesameastheaircraftspeed.
OptionC.
morethantheaircraftspeed.
CorrectAnsweris. lessthantheaircraftspeed.
Explanation. IfaircraftspeedisV,speedofairflowoverwingwhichcontributestoliftisVcos(sweepangle).Cos(sweepangle)<1.
SeeACKermode,MechanicsofFlight(10thedition).Pg359Fig11.16.
QuestionNumber.
126. Foragivenangleofattack,induceddragis.
OptionA.
greateronahighaspectratiowing.
OptionB.
greatertowardsthewingroot.
OptionC.
greateronalowaspectratiowing.
CorrectAnsweris. greateronalowaspectratiowing.
Explanation. Alowaspectratiowing(shortstubbywing)hasagreaterinduceddrag.
QuestionNumber.
127. Instraightandlevelflight,theangleofattackofasweptwingis.
OptionA.
lessthantheaircraftangletothehorizontal.
OptionB.
morethantheaircraftangletothehorizontal.
OptionC.
thesameastheaircraftangletothehorizontal.
CorrectAnsweris. lessthantheaircraftangletothehorizontal.
Explanation. Sincethe'effective'velocityvectoroverasweptwingisnotparallelwiththeforwarddirectionoftheaircraft,achange
inpitchoftheaircrafthaslessereffectupontheAOAofthewing.
QuestionNumber.
128. Induceddrag.
OptionA.
isequaltotheprofiledragatVmd.
OptionB.
isequaltotheprofiledragatthestallingspeed.
OptionC.
isneverequaltotheprofiledrag.
CorrectAnsweris. isequaltotheprofiledragatVmd.
Explanation. InduceddragisequaltoprofiledragatVmd.
QuestionNumber.
129. Adeltawingaircraftflyingatthesamespeed(subsonic)andangleofattackasasweptwingaircraftof
similarwingareawillproduce.
OptionA.
morelift.
OptionB.
lesslift.
OptionC.
thesamelift.
CorrectAnsweris. lesslift.
Explanation. Adeltawingaircraftatanygivenangleofattackandspeedwillproducelessliftthananyothertypeofwing.
QuestionNumber.
130. Thestagnationpointis.
OptionA.
staticpressureminusdynamicpressure.
OptionB.
dynamicpressureonly.
OptionC.
staticpressureplusdynamicpressure.
CorrectAnsweris. staticpressureplusdynamicpressure.
Explanation. Atstagnation,thepressureistotal(staticplusdynamic).
QuestionNumber.
131. Onasweptwingaircraft,duetotheadversepressuregradient,theboundarylayerontheuppersurface
ofthewingtendstoflow.
OptionA.
towardstheroot.
OptionB.
towardsthetip.
OptionC.
directlyfromleadingedgetotrailingedge.
CorrectAnsweris. towardsthetip.
Explanation. Duetoadversepressuregradientonasweptwing,theboundarylayerslidestowardsthetipandthickensatthetip.This
iswhysweptwingsstallfirstatthetips.
QuestionNumber.
132. Withincreasedspeedinlevelflight.
OptionA.
induceddragincreases.
OptionB.
profiledragincreases.
OptionC.
profiledragremainsconstant.
CorrectAnsweris. profiledragincreases.
Explanation. Profiledragincreaseswithspeed,induceddragdecreaseswithspeed.
QuestionNumber.
133. Ifasweptwingstallsatthetipsfirst,theaircraftwill.
OptionA.
pitchnoseup.
OptionB.
roll.
OptionC.
pitchnosedown.
CorrectAnsweris. pitchnoseup.
Explanation. SincethetipsarebehindtheCentreofGravity,losingtheliftatthetipswillcausethenosetorise.
QuestionNumber.
134. Thethickness/chordratioofthewingisalsoknownas.
OptionA.
finenessratio.
OptionB.
meanchordratio.
OptionC.
aspectratio.
CorrectAnsweris. finenessratio.
Explanation. Thethickness/chordratioofthewingisalsoknownasthefinenessratio.(Technically,thickness/chordratio=
1/finenessratio).
QuestionNumber.
135. Flexureofarearwardsweptwingwill.
OptionA.
increasetheliftandhenceincreasetheflexure.
OptionB.
increasetheliftandhencedecreasetheflexure.
OptionC.
decreasetheliftandhencedecreasetheflexure.
CorrectAnsweris. decreasetheliftandhencedecreasetheflexure.
Explanation. Flexureofarearwardsweptwingwilldecreasethelift(sincethewingpresentsitsuppersurfacetotheairflowandthe
angleofattackreduces)andsothewingflexesback.
QuestionNumber.
136. AHighAspectRatiowingisawingwith.
OptionA.
shortspan,longchord.
OptionB.
longspan,longchord.
OptionC.
longspan,shortchord.
CorrectAnsweris. longspan,shortchord.
Explanation. Aspectratioistheratioofspantochord.
QuestionNumber.
137. Stallcommencingattherootispreferredbecause.
OptionA.
itprovidesthepilotwithawarningofcompletelossoflift.
OptionB.
theaileronsbecomeineffective.
OptionC.
itwillcausetheaircrafttopitchnoseup.
CorrectAnsweris. itprovidesthepilotwithawarningofcompletelossoflift.
Explanation. Stallcommencingattherootcausesturbulentairtohitthetailplane.Theresulting'buffet'warnsthepilotjustbefore
completestall.
QuestionNumber.
138. Anaircraftflyingin'groundeffect'willproduce.
OptionA.
thesameliftasasimilaraircraftoutsideofgroundeffect.
OptionB.
lessliftthanasimilaraircraftoutsideofgroundeffect.
OptionC.
moreliftthanasimilaraircraftoutsideofgroundeffect.
CorrectAnsweris. moreliftthanasimilaraircraftoutsideofgroundeffect.
Explanation. Anaircraftflyingingroundeffectwillhavemoreliftthananaircraftnotflyingingroundeffect(whichiswhyseagulls
glideclosetothewatersurface).
QuestionNumber.
139. Iftheangleofattackofawingisincreasedinflight,the.
OptionA.
CofPwillmoveaft.
OptionB.
CofPwillmoveforward.
OptionC.
CofGwillmoveaft.
CorrectAnsweris. CofPwillmoveforward.
Explanation. IncreasingtheAOAmovestheCofPforward.
QuestionNumber.
140. TheRamsHornVortexonaforwardsweptwingwillbe.
OptionA.
morethanarearwardsweptwing.
OptionB.
lessthanarearwardsweptwing.
OptionC.
thesameasarearwardsweptwing.
CorrectAnsweris. lessthanarearwardsweptwing.
Explanation. AforwardsweptwingdoesnotsufferfromtheRamsHornVortex.
QuestionNumber.
141. Foracamberedwingsectionthezeroliftangleofattackwillbe.
OptionA.
4degrees.
OptionB.
zero.
OptionC.
negative.
CorrectAnsweris. negative.
Explanation. Anonsymmetricalwingwillproducesomeliftatzerodegrees.Thereforeitmusthaveanegativeangleofattackto
producezerolift.
QuestionNumber.
142. Airflowatsubsonicspeedistakentobe.
OptionA.
compressible.
OptionB.
eitheraorbdependingonaltitude.
OptionC.
incompressible.
CorrectAnsweris. incompressible.
Explanation. Subsonicairflowisalwaysconsideredtobeincompressible.
QuestionNumber.
143. Bernoulli'sequationshowsthat.
OptionA.
atconstantvelocitythekineticenergyoftheairchangeswithachangeofheight.
OptionB.
withachangeinvelocityatconstantheightthestaticpressurewillchange.
OptionC.
withachangeinspeedatconstantheightbothkineticandpotentialenergieschange.
CorrectAnsweris. withachangeinvelocityatconstantheightthestaticpressurewillchange.
Explanation. Bernoulli'stheoremstatesthatifvelocityincreases,thestaticpressuredecreases,andviceversa.
QuestionNumber.
144. Iffluidflowthroughaventuriissaidtobeincompressible,thespeedoftheflowincreasesatthethroat
to.
OptionA.
allowforareductioninstaticpressure.
OptionB.
maintainaconstantvolumeflowrate.
OptionC.
allowforanincreaseinstaticpressure.
CorrectAnsweris. maintainaconstantvolumeflowrate.
Explanation. Volumeflowrateisconstantatallpartsoftheflow(iffluidinincompressible)regardlessofcrosssectionalarea.
QuestionNumber.
145. Toproducelift,anaerofoilmustbe.
OptionA.
asymmetrical.
OptionB.
symmetrical.
OptionC.
eithersymmetricalorasymmetrical.
CorrectAnsweris. eithersymmetricalorasymmetrical.
Explanation. Toproducelift,theaerofoilcanbeeithersymmetricalorasymmetrical.
QuestionNumber.
146. Liftisdependenton.
OptionA.
thenetareaofthewing,thedensityofthefluidmediumandthevelocity.
OptionB.
theareaofthewing,thedensityofthefluidmedium,andthesquareofthevelocity.
OptionC.
thefrontalareaofthewing,thedensityofthefluidmediumandthevelocity.
CorrectAnsweris. theareaofthewing,thedensityofthefluidmedium,andthesquareofthevelocity.
Explanation. Seetheformulaforlift.
QuestionNumber.
147. Awingdevelops10,000Nofliftat100knots.Assumingthewingremainsatthesameangleofattack
andremainsatthesamealtitude,howmuchliftwillitdevelopat300knots?.
OptionA.
30,000N.
OptionB.
900,000N.
OptionC.
90,000N.
CorrectAnsweris. 90,000N.
Explanation. Seetheformulaforlift.Velocityissquared,soifyoutriplethevelocity,theliftis9times.
QuestionNumber.
148. Theangleofattackis.
OptionA.
relatedtoangleofincidence.
OptionB.
alwayskeptbelow15degrees.
OptionC.
notrelatedtotheangleofincidence.
CorrectAnsweris. notrelatedtotheangleofincidence.
Explanation. Seedefinitionsofangleofattackandangleofincidence.
QuestionNumber.
149. Thedifferencebetweenthemeancamberlineandthechordlineofanaerofoilis.
OptionA.
neitherarestraight.
OptionB.
theybothmaybecurved.
OptionC.
oneisalwaysstraightandtheothermaybestraight.
CorrectAnsweris. oneisalwaysstraightandtheothermaybestraight.
Explanation. Seethedefinitionsofmeancamberandchordline.
QuestionNumber.
150. IftheCofGiscalculatedafterloadingaswithinlimitsfortakeoff.
OptionA.
afurthercalculationisrequiredpriortolandingtoallowforfuelandoilconsumption.
OptionB.
afurthercalculationisrequiredpriortolandingtoallowforflapdeployment.
OptionC.
nofurthercalculationisrequired.
CorrectAnsweris. afurthercalculationisrequiredpriortolandingtoallowforfuelandoilconsumption.
Explanation. IftheCGofthefuelisnotdirectlyontheemptyaircraftCG,theloadedaircraftCGmustbecalculatedtwice(withand
withoutfuel).
QuestionNumber.
151. Helicopterrotorbladescreateliftby.
OptionA.
pushingtheairdown.
OptionB.
workinglikeascrew.
OptionC.
creatinglowpressureabovetheblades.
CorrectAnsweris. creatinglowpressureabovetheblades.
Explanation. Apureaerodynamicistwouldsayallthreearecorrect.Butprobablya)istechnicallymostcorrect.
QuestionNumber.
152. Thespanwisecomponentoftheairflowis.
OptionA.
greaterathigherspeeds.
OptionB.
unaffectedbyspeed.
OptionC.
lessathigherspeeds.
CorrectAnsweris. lessathigherspeeds.
Explanation. Thetipvorticesarelessathighspeed(duetolowerAOAathighspeed).Thetipvorticescausethespanwiseflow.
QuestionNumber.
153. Awingfence.
OptionA.
actsasaliftdumpingdevice.
OptionB.
reducesspanwiseflowonasweptwingthusreducinginduceddrag.
OptionC.
increaseslateralcontrol.
CorrectAnsweris. reducesspanwiseflowonasweptwingthusreducinginduceddrag.
Explanation. Awingfencereducesspanwiseflow.Refer:BarnardandPhillpottPage78.
QuestionNumber.
154. Withallconditionsremainingthesame,iftheaircraftspeedishalved,bywhatfactoristhelift
reduced?.
OptionA.
Half.
OptionB.
Byafactorof4.
OptionC.
Remainsthesame.
CorrectAnsweris. Byafactorof4.
Explanation. Liftisproportionaltothesquareofaircraftspeed.
QuestionNumber.
155. Theboundarylayeroveranaerofoilis.
OptionA.
alayerofairclosetotheaerofoilwhichismovingatavelocitylessthanfreestreamair.
OptionB.
alayerofturbulentairclosetotheaerofoilwhichismovingatavelocitylessthanfreestreamair.
OptionC.
alayerofairclosetotheaerofoilthatisstationary.
CorrectAnsweris. alayerofairclosetotheaerofoilwhichismovingatavelocitylessthanfreestreamair.
Explanation. Boundarylayerairconsistsofturbulentandlaminarairflow.
QuestionNumber.
156. Onasweptwingaircraft,thefinenessratioofanaerofoilis.
OptionA.
highestattheroot.
OptionB.
equalthroughoutthespan.
OptionC.
highestatthetip.
CorrectAnsweris. highestatthetip.
Explanation. Finenessratio(chord/thickness)isgreatestatthetip.Finenessratioistheinverseofthickness/chordratio.Some
textbooksdifferonthedefinitionof'finenessratio'butmoststateFR=chord/thickness.QuoteA&PMechanicsAirframeHandbook
Page32'Ifawinghasahighfinenessratio,itisaverythinwing.Athickwinghaslowfinenessratio'.
QuestionNumber.
157. Streamliningwillreduce.
OptionA.
induceddrag.
OptionB.
skinfrictiondrag.
OptionC.
formdrag.
CorrectAnsweris. formdrag.
Explanation. Formdragisafunctionofshape.
QuestionNumber.
158. Ifanaircrafthasagrossweightof3000kgandisthensubjectedtoatotalweightof6000kgtheload
factorwillbe.
OptionA.
2G.
OptionB.
9G.
OptionC.
3G.
CorrectAnsweris. 2G.
Explanation. Loadfactorisameasureofhowmanytimesheaviertheaircraft'feels'comparedtohowheavyitactuallyis.
QuestionNumber.
159. Iceformedontheleadingedgewillcausetheaircraftto.
OptionA.
stallatahigherspeed.
OptionB.
stallatalowerspeed.
OptionC.
stallatthesamestallspeedandAOA.
CorrectAnsweris. stallatahigherspeed.
Explanation. Icechangethewingsectionshapeandhencelift(CL)islessandstallspeedisgreater.
QuestionNumber.
160. Underwhatconditionswillanaircraftcreatebestlift?.
OptionA.
Hotdampdayat1200ft.
OptionB.
Colddrydayat200ft.
OptionC.
Coldwetdayat1200ft.
CorrectAnsweris. Colddrydayat200ft.
Explanation. Colddryairatlowaltitudeprovidesmaximumairdensityhencebestlift.
QuestionNumber.
161. AsMachnumberincreases,whatistheeffectonboundarylayer?.
OptionA.
Becomesmoreturbulent.
OptionB.
Decreasesinthickness.
OptionC.
Becomeslessturbulent.
CorrectAnsweris. Becomesmoreturbulent.
Explanation. Asspeedincreases(speedhereismeasuredinMach)thetransitionpointmovesforward,henceturbulentboundary
layerincreases.
QuestionNumber.
162. Duringaglidethefollowingforcesactonanaircraft.
OptionA.
liftandweightonly.
OptionB.
lift,drag,weight.
OptionC.
lift,weight,thrust.
CorrectAnsweris. lift,drag,weight.
Explanation. Nothrustinaglide.Theweightprovidestheforwardmotion.
QuestionNumber.
163. Ifanaileronismoveddownward.
OptionA.
thestallingangleofthatwingisincreased.
OptionB.
thestallingangleisnotaffectedbutthestallingspeedisdecreased.
OptionC.
thestallingangleofthatwingisdecreased.
CorrectAnsweris. thestallingangleofthatwingisdecreased.
Explanation. Theaileronincreasesthe'local'AOAandprovidesagreatercamber.Bothwillcausethestallingangleofthewingto
decrease.
QuestionNumber.
164. Ifthewingloadingofanaircraftwerereducedthestallingspeedwould.
OptionA.
increase.
OptionB.
notbeaffected.
OptionC.
decrease.
CorrectAnsweris. decrease.
Explanation. Anincreaseinwingloadingincreasesthestallspeed.Andviceversa.
QuestionNumber.
165. Theliftonawingisincreasedwith.
OptionA.
anincreaseintemperature.
OptionB.
anincreaseinpressure.
OptionC.
anincreaseinhumidity.
CorrectAnsweris. anincreaseinpressure.
Explanation. Liftdependsondensity.Increasesinhumidityandtemperaturereducedensity.Increaseinpressureincreasesdensity.
QuestionNumber.
166. Theairflowbehindanormalshockwavewill.
OptionA.
alwaysbesubsonicandinthesamedirectionastheoriginalairflow.
OptionB.
alwaysbesupersonicandinthesamedirectionastheoriginalairflow.
OptionC.
alwaysbesubsonicanddeflectedfromthedirectionoftheoriginalairflow.
CorrectAnsweris. alwaysbesubsonicandinthesamedirectionastheoriginalairflow.
Explanation. Theairflowbehindanormalshockissubsonic,andinthesamedirection.Itissupersonicbehindanobliqueshock(and
slightlydeflected).
QuestionNumber.
167. Induceddragcanbereducedbytheuseof.
OptionA.
streamlining.
OptionB.
highaspectratiowings.
OptionC.
fairingsatjunctionsbetweenfuselageandwings.
CorrectAnsweris. highaspectratiowings.
Explanation. Highaspectratiowingshavelowinduceddrag(IEagliderwing).
QuestionNumber.
168. Interferencedragcanbereducedbytheuseof.
OptionA.
fairingsatjunctionsbetweenfuselageandwings.
OptionB.
highaspectratiowings.
OptionC.
streamlining.
CorrectAnsweris. fairingsatjunctionsbetweenfuselageandwings.
Explanation. Interferencedragoccursasaresultofturbulenceatwingbodyjoints.
QuestionNumber.
169. Glidingangleistheanglebetween.
OptionA.
groundandtheglidepath.
OptionB.
aircraftandflightpath.
OptionC.
aircraftandairflow.
CorrectAnsweris. groundandtheglidepath.
Explanation. ThegreatertheL/Danglethelesstheglideangleisthereforeyoucanglidefurther.
QuestionNumber.
170. PropellerSoliditycanbeincreasedby.
OptionA.
increasingthenumberofblades.
OptionB.
decreasingthelengthoftheblades.
OptionC.
increasingthebladeangle.
CorrectAnsweris. increasingthenumberofblades.
Explanation. ACKermodeMechanicsofFlightCH4Page138showsmethodsofincreasingsolidity.
QuestionNumber.
171. Liftisgeneratedbyawing.
OptionA.
mostlyonthebottomsurface.
OptionB.
mostlyonthetopsurface.
OptionC.
equallyonthetopandbottomsurfaces.
CorrectAnsweris. mostlyonthetopsurface.
Explanation. 2/3ofliftisproducedbythetopsurface.
QuestionNumber.
172. Liftisdependenton.
OptionA.
theareaofthewing,thedensityofthefluidmediumandthesquareofthevelocity.
OptionB.
thenetareaofthewing,thedensityofthefluidmediumandthevelocity.
OptionC.
thefrontalareaofthewing,thedensityofthefluidmediumandthevelocity.
CorrectAnsweris. theareaofthewing,thedensityofthefluidmediumandthesquareofthevelocity.
2
Explanation. Lift=LiftCoefficientx1/2xdensityxvelocity
xwingarea(Liftformula).
QuestionNumber.
173. Toproducelift,anaerofoilmustbe.
OptionA.
symmetrical.
OptionB.
asymmetrical.
OptionC.
either(a)or(b).
CorrectAnsweris. either(a)or(b).
Explanation. Asymmetricalwingwillproduceliftifpresentedatasuitablepositiveangleofattack.
QuestionNumber.
174. Iffluidflowthroughaventuriissaidtobeincompressible,thespeedoftheflowincreasesatthethroat
to.
OptionA.
allowforareductioninstaticpressure.
OptionB.
allowforanincreaseinstaticpressure.
OptionC.
maintainaconstantvolumeflowrate.
CorrectAnsweris. maintainaconstantvolumeflowrate.
Explanation. Continuityofflowprinciple.
QuestionNumber.
175. Bernoulli'sequationshowsthat.
OptionA.
atconstantvelocitythetotalenergyoftheairchangeswithachangeinheight.
OptionB.
withachangeinspeedatconstantheightbothkineticandpotentialenergieschange.
OptionC.
withachangeinvelocityatconstantheightthestaticpressurewillchange.
CorrectAnsweris. withachangeinvelocityatconstantheightthestaticpressurewillchange.
Explanation. Bernoulli'stheoremstatesthatifvelocityincreases,thestaticpressuredecreases,andviceversa.
QuestionNumber.
176. Airflowatsubsonicspeedistakentobe.
OptionA.
incompressible.
OptionB.
compressible.
OptionC.
either(a)or(b)dependingonaltitude.
CorrectAnsweris. incompressible.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
177. Thetotaldragofanaircraft.
OptionA.
changeswithspeed.
OptionB.
increaseswithspeed.
OptionC.
increaseswiththesquareofspeed.
CorrectAnsweris. changeswithspeed.
Explanation. ThegraphofTOTALdragagainstairspeedis'U'shaped.ccanbetheonlycorrectanswer.
QuestionNumber.
178. _______angleofattackisknownasoptimumangleofattack.
OptionA.
5to7degrees.
OptionB.
3to4degrees.
OptionC.
10to12degrees.
CorrectAnsweris. 3to4degrees.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
179. Induceddragis________atroot.
OptionA.
lowest.
OptionB.
greatest.
OptionC.
neutral.
CorrectAnsweris. lowest.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
180. Profiledragis_______tospeed.
OptionA.
neutral.
OptionB.
inverselyproportional.
OptionC.
proportional.
CorrectAnsweris. proportional.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
181. Ashockstalloccursat.
OptionA.
largeanglesofattack.
OptionB.
smallanglesofattack.
OptionC.
equallybothlargeandsmallanglesofattack.
CorrectAnsweris. smallanglesofattack.
Explanation. Anarguablepoint.Shockstallisduetoshockinducedseparationwhichcanoccuratanyangleofattack,butitwould
bedifficulttoachievethehighspeednecessarywithahighangleofattack.
QuestionNumber.
182. WhathappenstothewingtipstagnationpointastheAOAincreases?.
OptionA.
Itmovesdownandundertheleadingedge.
OptionB.
Itmovesupandovertheleadingedge.
OptionC.
Itremainsunchanged.
CorrectAnsweris. Itmovesdownandundertheleadingedge.
Explanation. Itmovesdownandundertheleadingedge.
QuestionNumber.
183. Whatdoestheterm'wingwashout'mean?.
OptionA.
Thedesignofthewingthatgivesthewingtipalowerangleofincidence.
OptionB.
Thedesignofthewingthatgivesthewingtipamuchgreaterangleofincidence.
OptionC.
Theairflowmovestowardtheendofthewing.
CorrectAnsweris. Thedesignofthewingthatgivesthewingtipalowerangleofincidence.
Explanation. Wingistwistedsuchthatincidenceisloweratthetip.
QuestionNumber.
184. Thepointatwhichairflowceasestobelaminarandbecomesturbulentisthe.
OptionA.
boundarypoint.
OptionB.
transitionpoint.
OptionC.
separationpoint.
CorrectAnsweris. transitionpoint.
Explanation. transitionpoint.
QuestionNumber.
185. WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutProfiledrag?.
OptionA.
Profiledrag=SkinDrag+FormDrag.
OptionB.
Profiledrag=skindrag+induceddrag.
OptionC.
Profiledrag=induceddrag+Formdrag.
CorrectAnsweris. Profiledrag=SkinDrag+FormDrag.
Explanation. Profiledrag=SkinDrag+FormDrag.
QuestionNumber.
186. Whichstatementistrue?.
OptionA.
BothInduceddragandprofiledragincreasewiththesquareoftheairspeed.
OptionB.
Profiledragincreaseswiththesquareoftheairspeed.
OptionC.
Induceddragincreaseswiththesquareoftheairspeed.
CorrectAnsweris. Induceddragincreaseswiththesquareoftheairspeed.
Explanation. Profiledragincreaseswiththesquareoftheairspeedbutinduceddragdecreaseswiththesquareoftheairspeed.
QuestionNumber.
187. Whichstatementistrue?.
OptionA.
Rectangularwingsstallattherootfirst.
OptionB.
Bothtaperedandrectangularwingswillstallatthetipfirst.
OptionC.
Taperedwingsstallattherootfirst.
CorrectAnsweris. Rectangularwingsstallattherootfirst.
Explanation. Rectangularwingsstallattherootfirst.
QuestionNumber.
188. Duringinvertedlevelflightanaircraftaccelerometershows.
OptionA.
2g.
OptionB.
1g.
OptionC.
0g.
CorrectAnsweris. 1g.
Explanation. Inverted(level)flightis1g.
QuestionNumber.
189. Duringstraightandlevelflightanaircraftaccelerometershows.
OptionA.
4g.
OptionB.
1g.
OptionC.
2g.
CorrectAnsweris. 1g.
Explanation. Straightandlevelflightis1g.
QuestionNumber.
190. Whichofthefollowingisincorrectaboutinduceddrag?.
OptionA.
Itwillincreaseinverselytothesquareoftheairspeed.
OptionB.
Itwilldecreaseinproportiontothesquareoftheairspeed.
OptionC.
Itwillincreasewhentheangleofattackisreduced.
CorrectAnsweris. Itwillincreasewhentheangleofattackisreduced.
Explanation. WhichisIncorrect.
QuestionNumber.
191. Whatproducesthemostliftatlowspeeds?.
OptionA.
Highcamber.
OptionB.
Lowaspectratio.
OptionC.
Highaspectratio.
CorrectAnsweris. Highaspectratio.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
192. Iftheangleofattackiszero,butliftisproduced,the.
OptionA.
wingissymmetrical.
OptionB.
wingiscambered.
OptionC.
winghaspositiveangleofincidence.
CorrectAnsweris. wingiscambered.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
193. Whenistheangleofincidencethesameastheangleofattack?.
OptionA.
Never.
OptionB.
Indescent.
OptionC.
Whenrelativeairflowisparalleltolongitudinalaxis.
CorrectAnsweris. Whenrelativeairflowisparalleltolongitudinalaxis.
Explanation. NIL.
08.3.TheoryofFlight.
QuestionNumber.
1.
Flapsatlandingposition.
OptionA.
decreaselandingspeed.
OptionB.
decreasetakeoffandlandingspeeds.
OptionC.
decreasetakeoffspeed.
CorrectAnsweris. decreaselandingspeed.
Explanation. Althoughanaircraftwilltakeoffwithflapsatlandingposition,thisisnotnormal.
QuestionNumber.
2.
Asasubsonicaircraftspeedsup,itsCentreofPressure.
OptionA.
movesaft.
OptionB.
movesforward.
OptionC.
isunaffected.
CorrectAnsweris. movesaft.
Explanation. Assumingthattheaircraftistoremainatconstantaltitude,itmustreduceitsangleofattackasitspeedsup.Thisalone
willmovetheCofPrearwards,inaccordancewiththesubsonicangleofattackchangetheory.
QuestionNumber.
3.
Loweringoftheflaps.
OptionA.
increasesdrag.
OptionB.
increaseslift.
OptionC.
increasesdragandlift.
CorrectAnsweris. increasesdragandlift.
Explanation. JeppesenA+PTechnicianGeneralTextbook.Page117.
QuestionNumber.
4.
Wingspoilers,whenusedasymmetrically,areassociatedwith.
OptionA.
rudder.
OptionB.
elevators.
OptionC.
ailerons.
CorrectAnsweris. ailerons.
Explanation. PallettAutomaticFlightControl4thEditionPage51.JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookPage112.
QuestionNumber.
5.
Whatdoruddervatorsdo?.
OptionA.
Controlyawandroll.
OptionB.
Controlpitchandyaw.
OptionC.
Controlpitchandroll.
CorrectAnsweris. Controlpitchandyaw.
Explanation. JeppesenA+PTechnicianGeneralTextbook.Page116fig136.
QuestionNumber.
6.
Whatcontrolspitchandrollonadeltawingaircraft?.
OptionA.
Ailerons.
OptionB.
Elevons.
OptionC.
Elevators.
CorrectAnsweris. Elevons.
Explanation. JeppesenA+PTechnicianGeneralTextbook.Page117.
QuestionNumber.
7.
Whatdoesatrimtabdo?.
OptionA.
AllowstheCofGtobeoutsidethenormallimit.
OptionB.
Providesfinercontrolmovementsbythepilot.
OptionC.
Easescontrolloadingforpilot.
CorrectAnsweris. Easescontrolloadingforpilot.
Explanation. A&PGeneralTextbookPg235.
QuestionNumber.
8.
Howdoesabalancetabmove?.
OptionA.
Inthesamedirectionasmallamount.
OptionB.
Intheoppositedirectionproportionaltothecontrolsurfaceitisattachedto.
OptionC.
Inthesamedirectionproportionaltothecontrolsurfaceitisattachedto.
CorrectAnsweris. Intheoppositedirectionproportionaltothecontrolsurfaceitisattachedto.
Explanation. A&PGeneralTextbookPg236.
QuestionNumber.
9.
Ifanaircraftisyawingtotheleft,wherewouldyoupositionthetrimtabontherudder?.
OptionA.
Tothecentre.
OptionB.
Totheleft.
OptionC.
Totheright.
CorrectAnsweris. Totheleft.
Explanation. Automaticflightcontrol,Pallett,4thEditionPage43.
QuestionNumber.
10.
Ifanaircraftisflyingwithaleftwinglow,wherewouldyoumovetheleftailerontrimtab?.
OptionA.
Down.
OptionB.
Up.
OptionC.
Movingtheailerontrimtabwillnotcorrectthesituation.
CorrectAnsweris. Up.
Explanation. Automaticflightcontrol,Pallett,4thEditionPage43.
QuestionNumber.
11.
Whenaleadingedgeflapisfullyextended,whatistheslotinthewingfor?.
OptionA.
Toreenergisetheboundarylayer.
OptionB.
Toincreasethelift.
OptionC.
Toallowtheflaptoretractintoitwhenitretracts.
CorrectAnsweris. Toreenergisetheboundarylayer.
Explanation. PallettAutomaticFlightControl2ndEditionPage50.JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookPage132.
QuestionNumber.
12.
Withrespecttodifferentialaileroncontrol,whichofthefollowingistrue?.
OptionA.
Theupgoinganddowngoingaileronsbothdeflecttothesameangle.
OptionB.
TheupgoingAileronmovesthroughasmalleranglethanthedowngoingaileron.
OptionC.
Thedowngoingaileronmovesthroughasmalleranglethantheupgoingaileron.
CorrectAnsweris. Thedowngoingaileronmovesthroughasmalleranglethantheupgoingaileron.
Explanation. MechanicsofFlight,Kermode,Page301.Thedowngoingaileronmovesless,toreducetheinduceddragwhichcauses
adverseaileronyaw.
QuestionNumber.
13.
Theaeroplanefinisofsymmetricalaerofoilsectionandwillthereforeprovideasideload.
OptionA.
onlywhentherudderismoved.
OptionB.
ifasuitableangleofattackdevelopsdueeitheryaworruddermovement.
OptionC.
onlyifasuitableangleofattackdevelopsduetoyaw.
CorrectAnsweris. ifasuitableangleofattackdevelopsdueeitheryaworruddermovement.
Explanation. Rudderdeflectionoryaw.
QuestionNumber.
14.
Anaircraftleftwingisflyinglow.Theailerontrimmercontroltotheleftailerontrimtabinthecockpit
wouldbe.
OptionA.
movedupcausingtheleftailerontomoveup.
OptionB.
movedupcausingtheleftailerontomovedown.
OptionC.
moveddowncausingtheleftailerontomovedown.
CorrectAnsweris. movedupcausingtheleftailerontomovedown.
Explanation. Downaileronrequiredwhichrequiresuptrim.
QuestionNumber.
15.
Anelevatortabmovesdown.
OptionA.
tomakethenosegodown.
OptionB.
tocounteractfortheaircraftflyingnoseheavy.
OptionC.
tocounteractfortheaircraftflyingtailheavy.
CorrectAnsweris. tocounteractfortheaircraftflyingnoseheavy.
Explanation. ElevatortabDOWN,elevatorUP,aircraftnoseUP.
QuestionNumber.
16.
Thestallmarginiscontrolledby.
OptionA.
speedbugcursor.
OptionB.
EPRlimits.
OptionC.
angleofattackandflapposition.
CorrectAnsweris. angleofattackandflapposition.
Explanation. FlightInstrumentsandAutomaticFlightControlPage143/4.
QuestionNumber.
17.
Otherthanspoilers,wherearespeedbrakeslocated?.
OptionA.
UndertheFuselage.
OptionB.
EithersideoftheFuselage.
OptionC.
Onthewing.
CorrectAnsweris. EithersideoftheFuselage.
Explanation. ReferenceBAe146etc.
QuestionNumber.
18.
Withatrailingedgeflapbeinglowered,duetorisinggusts,whatwillhappentotheangleofattack?.
OptionA.
Tendtodecrease.
OptionB.
Staythesame.
OptionC.
Tendtoincrease.
CorrectAnsweris. Tendtoincrease.
Explanation. Assumingthat'risinggust'meansithasaverticalcomponent.
QuestionNumber.
19.
Adeviceuseddodumpliftfromanaircraftis.
OptionA.
leadingedgeflaps.
OptionB.
trailingedgeflaps.
OptionC.
spoiler.
CorrectAnsweris. spoiler.
Explanation. Spoilersaresometimescalled'liftdumps'.
QuestionNumber.
20.
Thepurposeofaslotinawingisto.
OptionA.
providehousingfortheslat.
OptionB.
speeduptheairflowandincreaselift.
OptionC.
actasventuri,acceleratetheairandreenergiseboundarylayer.
CorrectAnsweris. actasventuri,acceleratetheairandreenergiseboundarylayer.
Explanation. Aslotistoactasventuri,acceleratetheairandreenergiseboundarylayer.
QuestionNumber.
21.
Largeflapdeployment.
OptionA.
causesincreasedspanwiseflowtowardstipsonwinguppersurface.
OptionB.
causesincreasedspanwiseflowtowardstipsonwinglowersurface.
OptionC.
hasnoeffectonspanwiseflow.
CorrectAnsweris. causesincreasedspanwiseflowtowardstipsonwinglowersurface.
Explanation. Flapsincreasethepressuredifferentialbetweentopandbottomsurfaces,increasetipvorticesandspanwiseflow.
QuestionNumber.
22.
Whichpartofthewingofasweptwingaircraftstallsfirst?.
OptionA.
Tipstallsfirst.
OptionB.
Bothstalltogether.
OptionC.
Rootstallsfirst.
CorrectAnsweris. Tipstallsfirst.
Explanation. Thetipofasweptwingstallsfirst.
QuestionNumber.
23.
Duringflight,anaircraftisyawingtotheright.Theaircraftwouldhaveatendencytofly.
OptionA.
rightwinglow.
OptionB.
leftwinglow.
OptionC.
noseup.
CorrectAnsweris. rightwinglow.
Explanation. Theleadingwing(leftwing)hasincreasedlift,causingittorise.
QuestionNumber.
24.
Inthereversedcamberhorizontalstabilizer.
OptionA.
thereisanincreasedtailplaneupforce.
OptionB.
theelevatorcausestaildownmovementi.e.increasedtailplanedownforce.
OptionC.
thereisanincreasedtailplanedownforce.
CorrectAnsweris. thereisanincreasedtailplanedownforce.
Explanation. Thelowercamberedsurfaceproducesadownforceonthetail.
QuestionNumber.
25.
Whenthetrailingedgeflapisextended.
OptionA.
CPmovesrearward.
OptionB.
theCPmovesforwardbuttheCGdoesnotchange.
OptionC.
theCPmovesforwardandthepitchingmomentchangestonoseup.
CorrectAnsweris. CPmovesrearward.
Explanation. CPmovesrearwardswhentheflapisextended.
QuestionNumber.
26.
Withadropinambienttemperature,anaircraftserviceceilingwill.
OptionA.
rise.
OptionB.
notbeaffected.
OptionC.
lower.
CorrectAnsweris. rise.
Explanation. Asambienttemperaturedrops,densityincreasesandaircraftperformanceincreases.
QuestionNumber.
27.
Whattypeofflapisthis?.
OptionA.
Splitflap.
OptionB.
Plainflap.
OptionC.
Fowlerflap.
CorrectAnsweris. Splitflap.
Explanation. Splitflap.
QuestionNumber.
28.
Servotabs.
OptionA.
enablethepilottobringthecontrolsurfacebacktoneutral.
OptionB.
moveinsuchawayastohelpmovethecontrolsurface.
OptionC.
provideartificialfeel.
CorrectAnsweris. moveinsuchawayastohelpmovethecontrolsurface.
Explanation. A&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookPg.129.
QuestionNumber.
29.
SpringTabs.
OptionA.
provideartificialfeel.
OptionB.
enablethepilottobringthecontrolsurfacebacktoneutral.
OptionC.
moveinsuchawayastohelpmovethecontrolsurface.
CorrectAnsweris. moveinsuchawayastohelpmovethecontrolsurface.
Explanation. A&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookPg.129.
QuestionNumber.
30.
Extendingaleadingedgeslatwillhavewhateffectontheangleofattackofawing?.
OptionA.
Increasetheangleofattack.
OptionB.
Decreasetheangleofattack.
OptionC.
Noeffectonangleofattack.
CorrectAnsweris. Decreasetheangleofattack.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
31.
Toensurethatawingstallsattherootfirst,stallwedgesare.
OptionA.
installedonthewingleadingedgeatthewingroot.
OptionB.
installedonthewingleadingedgeatthewingtip.
OptionC.
installedatthewingtrailingedgeatthewingroot.
CorrectAnsweris. installedonthewingleadingedgeatthewingroot.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
32.
Kruegerflapsmakeuppartofthe.
OptionA.
winglowersurfaceleadingedge.
OptionB.
winglowersurfacetrailingedge.
OptionC.
winguppersurfaceleadingedge.
CorrectAnsweris. winglowersurfaceleadingedge.
Explanation. JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbook137.AutomaticFlightControlPallettPage53fig1.37(Note:lower
surfacewhenretracted,uppersurfacewhenextended.).
QuestionNumber.
33.
Inaturn,wingspoilersmaybedeployed.
OptionA.
toassisttheupgoingaileron.
OptionB.
inunisonwithboththeupgoinganddowngoingailerons.
OptionC.
toactasanairbrake,interactingwiththeailerons.
CorrectAnsweris. toassisttheupgoingaileron.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
34.
Dutchroleismovementin.
OptionA.
yawandpitch.
OptionB.
yawandroll.
OptionC.
pitchandroll.
CorrectAnsweris. yawandroll.
Explanation. AvionicFundamentalsJeppesenpage291.
QuestionNumber.
35.
Whatisthemainpurposeofafrizeaileron?.
OptionA.
Increasedragontheupgoingwing.
OptionB.
Decreasedragontheupgoingwing.
OptionC.
Helppilotovercomeaerodynamicloads.
CorrectAnsweris. Decreasedragontheupgoingwing.
Explanation. TheFriseaileronincreasesdragontheupgoingaileron,whichisonthedowngoingwing.AndViseversaontheother
aileron.
QuestionNumber.
36.
Flapasymmetrycausestheaircraftto.
OptionA.
nosedown.
OptionB.
goonewingdown.
OptionC.
noseup.
CorrectAnsweris. goonewingdown.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
37.
Ifanaircraftmovesinyaw,whataxisisitmovingabout?.
OptionA.
Longitudinal.
OptionB.
Lateral.
OptionC.
Normal.
CorrectAnsweris. Normal.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
38.
Ifanaircraftisaerodynamicallystable.
OptionA.
aircraftreturnstotrimmedattitude.
OptionB.
CofPmovesback.
OptionC.
aircraftbecomestoosensitive.
CorrectAnsweris. aircraftreturnstotrimmedattitude.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
39.
Whataregroundspoilersusedfor?.
OptionA.
Toassisttheaircraftcomingtoastop.
OptionB.
Toslowtheaircraft.
OptionC.
Todumplift.
CorrectAnsweris. Todumplift.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
40.
Massbalanceweightsareusedto.
OptionA.
balancethetrailingedgeofflyingcontrolsurfaces.
OptionB.
counteractflutteroncontrolsurfaces.
OptionC.
balancethetabs.
CorrectAnsweris. counteractflutteroncontrolsurfaces.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
41.
Whatisaslotusedfor?.
OptionA.
Increasedangleofattackduringapproach.
OptionB.
Increasethespeedoftheairflow.
OptionC.
Toreinforcetheboundarylayer.
CorrectAnsweris. Toreinforcetheboundarylayer.
Explanation. AutomaticFlightControlPallettPage53.
QuestionNumber.
42.
AngleofAttackistheanglebetweencordlineand.
OptionA.
horizontalaxis.
OptionB.
relativeairflow.
OptionC.
tippathplane.
CorrectAnsweris. relativeairflow.
Explanation. AutomaticFlightControlPallettPage3.
QuestionNumber.
43.
Ahighliftdeviceisusedfor.
OptionA.
takeoffonly.
OptionB.
takeoffandlanding.
OptionC.
landingonly.
CorrectAnsweris. takeoffandlanding.
Explanation. AutomaticFlightControlPallettPage50.
QuestionNumber.
44.
Howisaspoilerinterconnectedtootherflightcontrolsystems?.
OptionA.
Spoilertoelevator.
OptionB.
Spoilertoaileron.
OptionC.
Spoilertoflap.
CorrectAnsweris. Spoilertoaileron.
Explanation. AutomaticFlightControlPallettPage54.
QuestionNumber.
45.
Whatisailerondroop?.
OptionA.
Thedroopofaileronswithnohydraulicson.
OptionB.
Theleadingedgeofbothaileronspresentedtotheairflow.
OptionC.
Oneaileronlowered.
CorrectAnsweris. Thedroopofaileronswithnohydraulicson.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
46.
Earthsatmosphereis.
OptionA.
3/5oxygen,2/5nitrogen.
OptionB.
4/5oxygen,1/5nitrogen.
OptionC.
1/5oxygen,4/5nitrogen.
CorrectAnsweris. 1/5oxygen,4/5nitrogen.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
47.
Anantibalancetabisused.
OptionA.
torelievestickloads.
OptionB.
fortrimmingtheaircraft.
OptionC.
togivemorefeeltothecontrols.
CorrectAnsweris. togivemorefeeltothecontrols.
Explanation. JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbook129.
QuestionNumber.
48.
Thefinhelpstogive.
OptionA.
directionalstabilityaboutthenormalaxis.
OptionB.
directionalstabilityaboutthelongitudinalaxis.
OptionC.
longitudinalstabilityaboutthenormalaxis.
CorrectAnsweris. directionalstabilityaboutthenormalaxis.
Explanation. JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbook122.
QuestionNumber.
49.
Ifanaircraftmovesinroll,itismovingaboutthe.
OptionA.
longitudinalaxis.
OptionB.
normalaxis.
OptionC.
lateralaxis.
CorrectAnsweris. longitudinalaxis.
Explanation. MechanicsofflightbyA.C.Kermodepage241.
QuestionNumber.
50.
Whateffectdoesloweringtheflapsfortakeoffhave?.
OptionA.
Increaseslift&reducesdrag.
OptionB.
Increasesliftanddrag.
OptionC.
Increaseliftonly.
CorrectAnsweris. Increasesliftanddrag.
Explanation. AvionicsFundamentals.JeppesenPage244.
QuestionNumber.
51.
Whateffectdoesloweringflapsfortakeoffhave?.
OptionA.
Reducestakeoffspeedsonly.
OptionB.
Reduceslandingspeedsonly.
OptionC.
Reducestakeoffandlandingspeeds.
CorrectAnsweris. Reducestakeoffspeedsonly.
Explanation. AvionicsFundamentals.JeppesenPage244.
QuestionNumber.
52.
Whentheflapsarelowered.
OptionA.
theliftvectormovesrearward.
OptionB.
thereisnoeffectontheliftvector.
OptionC.
theliftvectormovesforward.
CorrectAnsweris. theliftvectormovesrearward.
Explanation. AutomaticFlightControl,PallettPage51.
QuestionNumber.
53.
Attakeoff,iftheflapsareloweredthereisa.
OptionA.
largeincreaseinliftanddrag.
OptionB.
largeincreaseinliftandsmallincreaseindrag.
OptionC.
smallincreaseinliftanddrag.
CorrectAnsweris. largeincreaseinliftanddrag.
Explanation. AvionicsFundamentals.JeppesenPage244.
QuestionNumber.
54.
Wingspoilersbeused.
OptionA.
toassisttherespectivedowngoingaileroninaturn.
OptionB.
asgroundspoilersonlanding.
OptionC.
toassisttheelevators.
CorrectAnsweris. asgroundspoilersonlanding.
Explanation. AutomaticFlightControl.Pallettpage55.A&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookbyJeppesen.114.
QuestionNumber.
55.
Differentialaileroncontrolwill.
OptionA.
causeanosedownmoment.
OptionB.
preventyawinginconjunctionwithrudderinput.
OptionC.
causeanoseupmoment.
CorrectAnsweris. preventyawinginconjunctionwithrudderinput.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
56.
DutchRollaffects.
OptionA.
pitchandyawsimultaneously.
OptionB.
yawandrollsimultaneously.
OptionC.
pitchandrollsimultaneously.
CorrectAnsweris. yawandrollsimultaneously.
Explanation. AutomaticFlightControl.Pallettpage26.
QuestionNumber.
57.
Whichofthefollowingareprimarycontrolsurfaces?.
OptionA.
Elevators,ailerons,rudder.
OptionB.
Rollspoilers,elevators,tabs.
OptionC.
Elevators,rollspoilers,tabs.
CorrectAnsweris. Elevators,ailerons,rudder.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
58.
Asplitflap.
OptionA.
formspartofthetrailingedge'slowersurfacewhenretracted.
OptionB.
formspartoftheleadingedge'slowersurfacewhenretracted.
OptionC.
formspartofthetrailingedge'suppersurfacewhenretracted.
CorrectAnsweris. formspartofthetrailingedge'slowersurfacewhenretracted.
Explanation. JeppesenA&PAirframeTechnicianTextbookPage130/31.
QuestionNumber.
59.
Anantiservotab.
OptionA.
assiststhepilottomovethecontrolsbacktoneutral.
OptionB.
movesintheoppositedirectiontothecontrolsurfacetoassistthepilot.
OptionC.
movesinthesamedirectionasthecontrolsurfacetoassistthepilot.
CorrectAnsweris. assiststhepilottomovethecontrolsbacktoneutral.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
60.
Slats.
OptionA.
keeptheboundarylayerfromseparatingforlonger.
OptionB.
increasetheoverallsurfaceareaandlifteffectofwing.
OptionC.
actasanairbrake.
CorrectAnsweris. keeptheboundarylayerfromseparatingforlonger.
Explanation. JeppesenA&Ptechnicianairframetextbookpage132.
QuestionNumber.
61.
Duetothechangeofliftforcesresultingfromtheextensionofflapsinflight.
OptionA.
noseshouldbelowered,reducingAOA.
OptionB.
noseshouldberaised,increasingAOA.
OptionC.
noseshouldremaininthesameposition,maintainingsameAOA.
CorrectAnsweris. noseshouldbelowered,reducingAOA.
Explanation. Themainpurposeofflapsistoincreaseliftsothatthepilotcanlowerthenose,increasedecentangleandgetabetter
viewoftherunway.
QuestionNumber.
62.
Flightspoilers.
OptionA.
canbedeployedonthedowngoingwinginaturntoincreaseliftonthatwing.
OptionB.
canbeusedtodecreaselifttoallowcontrolleddecentwithoutreductionofairspeed.
OptionC.
canbeusedwithdifferentialaileronstoreduceadverseyawinaturn.
CorrectAnsweris. canbeusedtodecreaselifttoallowcontrolleddecentwithoutreductionofairspeed.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
63.
Iftheaircraftisflyingnoseheavy,whichdirectionwouldyoumovetheelevatortrimtab?.
OptionA.
Uptomoveelevatordown.
OptionB.
Uptomoveelevatorup.
OptionC.
Downtomoveelevatorup.
CorrectAnsweris. Downtomoveelevatorup.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
64.
Wingtipvorticesarestrongestwhen.
OptionA.
flyinghighspeedstraightandlevelflight.
OptionB.
flyingintoaheadwind.
OptionC.
flyingslowlyathighanglesofattack.
CorrectAnsweris. flyingslowlyathighanglesofattack.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
65.
Aerodynamicbalance.
OptionA.
willreduceaerodynamicloading.
OptionB.
willcauseCPtomoveforwardofhingeandcauseoverbalance.
OptionC.
willcauseCPtomovetowardsthetrailingedgeandcauseinstability.
CorrectAnsweris. willreduceaerodynamicloading.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
66.
Abalancetab.
OptionA.
effectivelyincreasestheareaofthecontrolsurface.
OptionB.
assiststhepilottomovethecontrols.
OptionC.
isusedtotrimtheappropriateaxisoftheaircraft.
CorrectAnsweris. assiststhepilottomovethecontrols.
Explanation. JeppesenA&PTechnicianTextbookpg129.
QuestionNumber.
67.
Elevonscombinethefunctionsofboth.
OptionA.
rudderandelevator.
OptionB.
elevatorandaileron.
OptionC.
rudderandaileron.
CorrectAnsweris. elevatorandaileron.
Explanation. JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookPage116Fig136.
QuestionNumber.
68.
Fluttercanbereducedbyusing.
OptionA.
ahornbalance.
OptionB.
massbalancing.
OptionC.
servotabs.
CorrectAnsweris. massbalancing.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
69.
Anelevatorprovidescontrolaboutthe.
OptionA.
longitudinalaxis.
OptionB.
lateralaxis.
OptionC.
horizontalstabilizer.
CorrectAnsweris. lateralaxis.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
70.
Theoutboardaileronsonsomelargeaircraft.
OptionA.
areisolatedathighspeeds.
OptionB.
areisolatedtoimprovesensitivity.
OptionC.
areisolatedatlowspeeds.
CorrectAnsweris. areisolatedathighspeeds.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
71.
Whichwingincreasesdragwhentheaileronsaremoved?.
OptionA.
Bothwingsincreasedragbutthewingwiththeupgoingaileronincreasesmore.
OptionB.
Bothwingshaveanequalincreaseindrag.
OptionC.
Bothwingsincreasedragbutthewingwiththedowngoingaileronincreasesmore.
CorrectAnsweris. Bothwingsincreasedragbutthewingwiththedowngoingaileronincreasesmore.
Explanation. JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookpage126.
QuestionNumber.
72.
Whichflapwillincreasewingareaandcamber?.
OptionA.
Slot.
OptionB.
Split.
OptionC.
Fowler.
CorrectAnsweris. Fowler.
Explanation. JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookPage20.
QuestionNumber.
73.
Wingloadingofanaircraft.
OptionA.
varieswithdynamicloadingduetoaircurrents.
OptionB.
isindependentofaltitude.
OptionC.
decreaseswithdensity.
CorrectAnsweris. isindependentofaltitude.
Explanation. Wingloading=aircraftweight/wingarea.
QuestionNumber.
74.
Anautomaticslatwillliftbyitselfwhentheangleofattackis.
OptionA.
high.
OptionB.
highorlow.
OptionC.
low.
CorrectAnsweris. high.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
75.
Onaircraftfittedwithspoilersforlateralcontrol,rolltotherightiscausedby.
OptionA.
leftspoilersextending,rightspoilersremainingretracted.
OptionB.
rightspoilersextending,leftspoilersremainingretracted.
OptionC.
leftandrightspoilersextending.
CorrectAnsweris. rightspoilersextending,leftspoilersremainingretracted.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
76.
Asplitflapincreasesliftbyincreasing.
OptionA.
theangleofattachmentofthelowerhingedportion.
OptionB.
thesurfacearea.
OptionC.
thecamberofthetopsurface.
CorrectAnsweris. theangleofattachmentofthelowerhingedportion.
Explanation. JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookpage130.
QuestionNumber.
77.
Whenthetrailingedgeflapsarelowered,theaircraftwill.
OptionA.
pitchnoseup.
OptionB.
pitchnosedown.
OptionC.
sink.
CorrectAnsweris. pitchnosedown.
Explanation. Duetothecentreofpressuremoving.
QuestionNumber.
78.
Inaileroncontrol.
OptionA.
theupgoingaileronmovesfurtherthandowngoingaileron.
OptionB.
thedowngoingaileronmovesfurtherthanupgoingaileron.
OptionC.
itisassistedbytherudder.
CorrectAnsweris. theupgoingaileronmovesfurtherthandowngoingaileron.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
79.
Theaircraftiscontrolledaboutthelateralaxisbythe.
OptionA.
ailerons.
OptionB.
elevator.
OptionC.
rudder.
CorrectAnsweris. elevator.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
80.
Theaircraftiscontrolledaboutthenormalaxisbythe.
OptionA.
ailerons.
OptionB.
elevator.
OptionC.
rudder.
CorrectAnsweris. rudder.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
81.
Dutchrollis.
OptionA.
acombinedyawingandrollingmotion.
OptionB.
primarilyapitchinginstability.
OptionC.
atypeofslowroll.
CorrectAnsweris. acombinedyawingandrollingmotion.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
82.
Theaircraftiscontrolledaboutthelongitudinalaxisbythe.
OptionA.
ailerons.
OptionB.
elevator.
OptionC.
rudder.
CorrectAnsweris. ailerons.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
83.
Ruddervatorswhenmoved,willmove.
OptionA.
oppositetoeachotheronly.
OptionB.
togetheronly.
OptionC.
eitheroppositeeachotherortogether,dependingontheselection.
CorrectAnsweris. eitheroppositeeachotherortogether,dependingontheselection
Explanation. JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookPage16.
QuestionNumber.
84.
AsaconsequenceoftheCofGbeingclosetoitsaftlimit.
OptionA.
thestickforceswillbehighinforeandaftpitch,duetothehighlongitudinalstability.
OptionB.
thestickforcestomanoeuvrelongitudinallywillbelowduetothelowstability.
OptionC.
thestickforceswhenpitchingthenosedownwillbeveryhigh.
CorrectAnsweris. thestickforceswhenpitchingthenosedownwillbeveryhigh.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
85.
Whatisthetermusedfortheamountofwaterintheatmosphere?.
OptionA.
Relativehumidity.
OptionB.
Absolutehumidity.
OptionC.
Dewpoint.
CorrectAnsweris. Absolutehumidity.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
86.
Anantibalancetabismoved.
OptionA.
viaafixedlinkage.
OptionB.
hydraulically.
OptionC.
whentheC.G.changes.
CorrectAnsweris. viaafixedlinkage.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
87.
Aservotabisoperated.
OptionA.
directlybythepilottoproduceforceswhichinturnmovethemaincontrolsurfaces.
OptionB.
automatically,andmovesinthesamedirectionasthemaincontrolsurfaces.
OptionC.
byatrimwheelandmovesintheoppositedirectiontothemaincontrolsurfaceswhenmoved.
CorrectAnsweris. directlybythepilottoproduceforceswhichinturnmovethemaincontrolsurfaces.
Explanation. JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookPage23.
QuestionNumber.
88.
Onanaircraftwithanallmovingtailplane,pitchupiscausedby.
OptionA.
decreasingtailplaneincidence.
OptionB.
upmovementoftheelevatortrimtab.
OptionC.
increasingtailplaneincidence.
CorrectAnsweris. decreasingtailplaneincidence.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
89.
Whencheckingfullrangeofcontrolsurfacemovement,theymustbepositionedby.
OptionA.
movingthembyhanddirectlyuntilagainsttheprimarystops.
OptionB.
movingthembyhanddirectlyuntilagainstthesecondarystops.
OptionC.
operatingthecontrolcabincontrolsuntilthesystemisagainsttheprimarystops.
CorrectAnsweris. operatingthecontrolcabincontrolsuntilthesystemisagainsttheprimarystops.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
90.
Anexcessofaerodynamicbalancewouldmovethecontrolsurfacecentreofpressure.
OptionA.
rearwards,resultingintoomuchassistance.
OptionB.
rearwards,resultinginlossofassistance.
OptionC.
forwards,resultinginanunstableoverbalance.
CorrectAnsweris. forwards,resultinginanunstableoverbalance.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
91.
Aflyingcontrolmassbalanceweight.
OptionA.
keepsthecontrolsurfaceCofGasclosetothetrailingedgeaspossible.
OptionB.
tendstomovethecontrolsurfaceCofGclosetothehingeline.
OptionC.
ensuresthattheCofGalwaysactstoaidthepilotthusrelievingcontrolcolumnload.
CorrectAnsweris. tendstomovethecontrolsurfaceCofGclosetothehingeline.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
92.
Thetypeofflapwhichextendsrearwardswhenlowerediscalleda.
OptionA.
plainflap.
OptionB.
splitflap.
OptionC.
Fowlerflap.
CorrectAnsweris. Fowlerflap.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
93.
Whichofthefollowingtrailingedgeflapsgiveanincreaseinwingarea?.
OptionA.
Splitflap.
OptionB.
Fowlerflap.
OptionC.
Slottedflap.
CorrectAnsweris. Fowlerflap.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
94.
Whichofthefollowingisnotaprimaryflyingcontrol?.
OptionA.
Elevator.
OptionB.
Tailplane.
OptionC.
Rudder.
CorrectAnsweris. Tailplane.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
95.
Aleadingedgeslatisadevicefor.
OptionA.
increasingthestallingangleofthewing.
OptionB.
decreasingthestallingangleofthewing.
OptionC.
decreasingwingdrag.
CorrectAnsweris. increasingthestallingangleofthewing.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
96.
AKruegerflapis.
OptionA.
aflapwhichextendsrearwardsbutdoesnotlower.
OptionB.
aleadingedgeflapwhichhingesforward.
OptionC.
aleadingedgeslatwhichextendsforward.
CorrectAnsweris. aleadingedgeflapwhichhingesforward.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
97.
Atabwhichassiststhepilottomoveaflyingcontrolbymovingautomaticallyintheoppositedirection
tothecontrolsurfaceiscalleda.
OptionA.
servotab.
OptionB.
gearedbalancetab.
OptionC.
trimtab.
CorrectAnsweris. gearedbalancetab.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
98.
Whatisattachedtotherearoftheverticalstabilizer?.
OptionA.
Elevator.
OptionB.
Aileron.
OptionC.
Rudder.
CorrectAnsweris. Rudder.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
99.
Whatisfittedontheaircrafttoenablethepilottoreducehisspeedrapidlyineventofsevereturbulence,
orspeedtendingtoriseabovetheNeverExceedLimit?.
OptionA.
Liftdumpers.
OptionB.
Airbrakes.
OptionC.
Wheelbrakes.
CorrectAnsweris. Airbrakes.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
100. Whenspoilersareusedasymmetrically,theycombinewith.
OptionA.
ailerons.
OptionB.
rudder.
OptionC.
elevators.
CorrectAnsweris. ailerons.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
101. "Whatisusedtocorrectanytendencyoftheaircrafttomove
towardsanundesirableflightattitude?."
OptionA.
Trimtabs.
OptionB.
Springtabs.
OptionC.
Balancetabs.
CorrectAnsweris. Trimtabs.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
102. Thelayerofairoverthesurfaceofanaerofoilwhichisslowermoving,inrelationtotherestofthe
airflow,isknownas.
OptionA.
noneoftheabovearecorrect.
OptionB.
camberlayer.
OptionC.
boundarylayer.
CorrectAnsweris. boundarylayer.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
103. Acontrolsurfacewhichformsaslotwhendeployediscalleda.
OptionA.
slat.
OptionB.
slot.
OptionC.
flap.
CorrectAnsweris. slat.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
104. Asymmetricflapswillcause.
OptionA.
theaircrafttodescend.
OptionB.
theaircrafttoascend.
OptionC.
onewingtorise.
CorrectAnsweris. onewingtorise.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
105. Whenairflowvelocityoveranuppercamberedsurfaceofanaerofoildecreases,whattakesplace?.
OptionA.
Pressuredecreases,liftincreases.
OptionB.
Pressureincreases,liftdecreases.
OptionC.
Pressureincreases,liftincreases.
CorrectAnsweris. Pressureincreases,liftdecreases.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
106. Whatisacontrollingfactorofturbulenceandskinfriction?.
OptionA.
Countersunkrivetsusedonskinexterior.
OptionB.
Aspectratio.
OptionC.
Finenessratio.
CorrectAnsweris. Countersunkrivetsusedonskinexterior.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
107. Changesinaircraftweight.
OptionA.
causecorrespondingchangesintotaldragduetotheassociatedliftchange.
OptionB.
willnotaffecttotaldragsinceitisdependantonlyuponspeed.
OptionC.
willonlyaffecttotaldragiftheliftiskeptconstant.
CorrectAnsweris. causecorrespondingchangesintotaldragduetotheassociatedliftchange.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
108. Whenanaircraftstalls.
OptionA.
liftincreasesanddragdecreases.
OptionB.
liftanddragincrease.
OptionC.
liftdecreasesanddragincreases.
CorrectAnsweris. liftdecreasesanddragincreases.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
109. Spoilerpanelsarepositionedsothatwhendeployed.
OptionA.
rollwillnotoccur.
OptionB.
pitchtrimisnotaffected.
OptionC.
noyawtakesplace.
CorrectAnsweris. pitchtrimisnotaffected.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
110. Theaircraftstallingspeedwill.
OptionA.
onlychangeiftheMTWAwerechanged.
OptionB.
beunaffectedbyaircraftweightchangessinceitisdependantupontheangleofattack.
OptionC.
increasewithanincreaseinweight.
CorrectAnsweris. increasewithanincreaseinweight.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
111. Inabankandturn.
OptionA.
extraliftisnotrequiredifthrustisincreased.
OptionB.
extraliftisnotrequired.
OptionC.
extraliftisrequired.
CorrectAnsweris. extraliftisrequired.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
112. Themethodemployedtomassbalancecontrolsurfacesisto.
OptionA.
fitbiasstripstothetrailingedgeofthesurfaces.
OptionB.
attachweightsforwardofthehingeline.
OptionC.
allowtheleadingedgeofthesurfacetoprojectintotheairflow.
CorrectAnsweris. attachweightsforwardofthehingeline.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
113. Controlsurfacefluttermaybecausedby.
OptionA.
excessiveplayintrimtabattachments.
OptionB.
highstaticfrictionintrimtabcontroltabs.
OptionC.
incorrectangularmovementoftrimtabs.
CorrectAnsweris. excessiveplayintrimtabattachments.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
114. Adifferentialaileroncontrolsystemresultsin.
OptionA.
ailerondragbeingreducedontheinnerwinginaturn.
OptionB.
ailerondragbeingreducedontheouterwinginaturn.
OptionC.
ailerondragbeingcompensatedbysmallruddermovements.
CorrectAnsweris. ailerondragbeingreducedontheouterwinginaturn.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
115. Theprimaryfunctionofaflapis.
OptionA.
totrimtheaircraftlongitudinally.
OptionB.
toalterthepositionofthecentreofgravity.
OptionC.
toaltertheliftofanaerofoil.
CorrectAnsweris. toaltertheliftofanaerofoil.
Explanation. JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookpage130.
QuestionNumber.
116. Theangleofattackatwhichstalloccurs.
OptionA.
canbevariedbyusingflapsandslats.
OptionB.
dependsontheweightoftheaircraft.
OptionC.
cannotbevaried,itisalwaysconstant.
CorrectAnsweris. canbevariedbyusingflapsandslats.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
117. Thestallingspeedofanaircraft.
OptionA.
isincreasedwhenitisheavier.
OptionB.
doesnotchange.
OptionC.
isincreasedwhenitislighter.
CorrectAnsweris. isincreasedwhenitisheavier.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
118. Awingflapwhichhasdroppedorpartiallyextendedononewinginflightwillleadto.
OptionA.
afixedbankedattitudewhichwouldbecorrectedbyuseoftherudder.
OptionB.
apitchingmomentwhichwouldbecorrectedbyusedoftheelevators.
OptionC.
asteadyrollingtendencywhichwouldbecorrectedbyuseoftheailerons.
CorrectAnsweris. asteadyrollingtendencywhichwouldbecorrectedbyuseoftheailerons.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
119. Withanincreaseintheamountofflapdeployment,thestallingangleofawing.
OptionA.
remainsthesame.
OptionB.
increases.
OptionC.
decreases.
CorrectAnsweris. decreases.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
120. Aerodynamicbalanceofacontrolsurfacemaybeachieved.
OptionA.
byahornattheextremityofthesurfaceforwardofthehingeline.
OptionB.
byweightsaddedtothecontrolsurfaceaftofthehingeline.
OptionC.
byatrimmingstripatthetrailingedgeofthesurface.
CorrectAnsweris. byahornattheextremityofthesurfaceforwardofthehingeline.
Explanation. JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookPage24Para7.
QuestionNumber.
121. Acontrolsurfaceisprovidedwithaerodynamicbalancingto.
OptionA.
assistthepilotinmovingthecontrol.
OptionB.
increasestability.
OptionC.
decreasethedragwhenthecontrolisdeflected.
CorrectAnsweris. assistthepilotinmovingthecontrol.
Explanation. JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookPage24Para7.
QuestionNumber.
122. Downwarddisplacementofanaileron.
OptionA.
increasestheangleatwhichitswingstalls.
OptionB.
decreasestheangleatwhichitswingwillstall.
OptionC.
hasnoeffectonitswingstallingangle,itonlyaffectsthestallingspeedonthatwing.
CorrectAnsweris. decreasestheangleatwhichitswingwillstall.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
123. Duetothetailplaneangleofattackchange,theflapinduceddownwashonthetailplane.
OptionA.
willtendtocauseanaircraftnoseuppitch.
OptionB.
"maycauseanosedownornoseuppitchdependingupontheinitialtailplaneload
."
OptionC.
willtendtocauseanaircraftnosedownpitch.
CorrectAnsweris. willtendtocauseanaircraftnoseuppitch.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
124. Duetothechangeinliftcoefficientaccompanyingextensionoftheflaps,tomaintaintheliftconstantit
wouldbenecessaryto.
OptionA.
raisethenose.
OptionB.
lowerthenose.
OptionC.
keepthepitchattitudeconstant.
CorrectAnsweris. lowerthenose.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
125. Theextensiontotherudder(shadedportionshownonthediagram),isprovidedto.
OptionA.
makethepilotawareoftheaerodynamicforcesencounteredwhenmovingthecontrol.
OptionB.
provideaerodynamicassistanceforthepilotwhenmovingtherudder.
OptionC.
preventcontrolsurfaceflutter.
CorrectAnsweris. provideaerodynamicassistanceforthepilotwhenmovingtherudder.
Explanation. JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookPage25Para7.
QuestionNumber.
126. Adifferentialaileroncontrolisonewhichgives.
OptionA.
thedowngoingaileronmoretravelthantheupgoingone.
OptionB.
equalailerontravelineachdirection,butvariableforstickmovement.
OptionC.
alargeraileronuptravelthandown.
CorrectAnsweris. alargeraileronuptravelthandown.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
127. Whichleadingedgedeviceimprovesthelaminarflowoverthewing?.
OptionA.
Flapandslat.
OptionB.
Slat.
OptionC.
Flap.
CorrectAnsweris. Slat.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
128. Thebalancetabisanauxiliarysurfacefittedtoamaincontrolsurface.
OptionA.
operatingautomaticallytoassistthepilotinmovingthecontrols.
OptionB.
operatedindependentlyatwhichpointinthelengthofcablethetensiometerisapplied.
OptionC.
operatingautomaticallytoprovidefeeltothecontrols.
CorrectAnsweris. operatingautomaticallytoassistthepilotinmovingthecontrols.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
129. Aerodynamicbalancingofflightcontrolsisachievedby.
OptionA.
placingaweightaheadofthehingepoint.
OptionB.
placingaweightintheleadingedgeofthecontrolsurface.
OptionC.
providingaportionofthecontrolsurfaceaheadofthehingepoint.
CorrectAnsweris. providingaportionofthecontrolsurfaceaheadofthehingepoint.
Explanation. AL/324para4.2.
QuestionNumber.
130. Aerodynamicbalanceisusedto.
OptionA.
reducethecontrolloadtozero.
OptionB.
maketheflyingcontrolseasiertomove.
OptionC.
preventflutteroftheflyingcontrols.
CorrectAnsweris. maketheflyingcontrolseasiertomove.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
131. Ahornbalanceis.
OptionA.
arodprojectingforwardfromthecontrolsurfacewithaweightontheend.
OptionB.
arodprojectingupwardfromthemaincontrolsurfacetowhichthecontrolcablesareattached.
OptionC.
aprojectionoftheouteredgeofthecontrolsurfaceforwardofthehingeline.
CorrectAnsweris. aprojectionoftheouteredgeofthecontrolsurfaceforwardofthehingeline.
Explanation. JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookPage16.
QuestionNumber.
132. Acontrolsurfaceismassbalancedby.
OptionA.
theattachmentofweightsactingonthehingeline.
OptionB.
fittingabalancetab.
OptionC.
theattachmentofweightsactingforwardofthehingeline.
CorrectAnsweris. theattachmentofweightsactingforwardofthehingeline.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
133. Thepurposeofantibalancetabsisto.
OptionA.
relievestickloads.
OptionB.
trimtheaircraft.
OptionC.
givemorefeeltothecontrolcolumn.
CorrectAnsweris. givemorefeeltothecontrolcolumn.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
134. Youhaveadjustedtheelevatortrimtabtocorrectfornoseheavy.Whatwasthedirectionoftravelofthe
trimtab?.
OptionA.
Theelevatortrimtabhasmoveddown.
OptionB.
Theelevatortrimtabhasmovedup.
OptionC.
Theportelevatortabhasmovedupandstarboardmoveddown.
CorrectAnsweris. Theelevatortrimtabhasmoveddown.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
135. Thetropopauseexistsatabout.
OptionA.
18,000ft.
OptionB.
30,000ft.
OptionC.
36,000ft.
CorrectAnsweris. 36,000ft.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
136. Induceddragcurvecharacteristicsofaslenderdeltawingaresuchthatthereis.
OptionA.
anincreaseingradientwithwingspeed.
OptionB.
nochangeingradientwithwingspeed.
OptionC.
decreaseingradientwithwingspeed.
CorrectAnsweris. decreaseingradientwithwingspeed.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
137. Ifanaircraftisyawingleft,thetrimtabontherudderwouldbepositioned.
OptionA.
totheright,movingtherudderleft.
OptionB.
tothecentre.
OptionC.
totheleft,movingtherudderright.
CorrectAnsweris. totheleft,movingtherudderright.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
138. Instabilitygivingrollandyaw.
OptionA.
isdutchroll.
OptionB.
islongitudinalstability.
OptionC.
islateralstability.
CorrectAnsweris. isdutchroll.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
139. Vortexgeneratorsarefittedto.
OptionA.
movetransitionpointrearwards.
OptionB.
movetransitionpointforwards.
OptionC.
advancetheonsetofflowseparation.
CorrectAnsweris. movetransitionpointforwards.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
140. Leadingedgeflaps.
OptionA.
increasestallingangleofthewing.
OptionB.
decreasestallingangleofthewing.
OptionC.
donotchangethestallingangle.
CorrectAnsweris. increasestallingangleofthewing.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
141. Kruegerflapsareon.
OptionA.
theleadingedge.
OptionB.
eithertheleadingortrainingedge.
OptionC.
thetrailingedge.
CorrectAnsweris. theleadingedge.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
142. Sweepbackwill.
OptionA.
decreaselateralstability.
OptionB.
notaffectlateralstability.
OptionC.
increaselateralstability.
CorrectAnsweris. increaselateralstability.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
143. Aplainflap.
OptionA.
doesnotincreasethewingareaondeployment.
OptionB.
isattachedtotheleadingedgeofthewing.
OptionC.
formspartoflowertrailingedge.
CorrectAnsweris. doesnotincreasethewingareaondeployment.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
144. Asplitflap,whendeployed.
OptionA.
isusedonlyonhighspeedaircraft.
OptionB.
increasesliftwithoutacorrespondingincreaseindrag.
OptionC.
increasesdragwithlittleliftcoefficientincrease,fromintermediatetofullydown.
CorrectAnsweris. increasesdragwithlittleliftcoefficientincrease,fromintermediatetofullydown.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
145. Aflyingcontrolmassbalanceweight.
OptionA.
keepsthecontrolsurfaceCofGasclosetothetrailingedgeaspossible.
OptionB.
tendstomovethecontrolsurfaceCofGclosetothehingeline.
OptionC.
tendstomovethecontrolsurfaceCofGforwardofthehingeline.
CorrectAnsweris. tendstomovethecontrolsurfaceCofGclosetothehingeline.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
146. Anelevatorcontrolstheaircraftmotionin.
OptionA.
yaw.
OptionB.
roll.
OptionC.
pitch.
CorrectAnsweris. pitch.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
147. AiraboveMach0.7is.
OptionA.
compressibleonlywhenabovethespeedofsound.
OptionB.
incompressible.
OptionC.
compressible.
CorrectAnsweris. compressible.
Explanation. AircraftFlightBarnardandPhilpot,SecondEditionPage123.MechanicsofFlightACKermode10thEditionPage
385.
QuestionNumber.
148. Supersonicairpassingthroughadivergentductcausesthe.
OptionA.
pressuretoincrease,velocitytoincrease.
OptionB.
pressuretoincrease,velocitytodecrease.
OptionC.
pressuretodecrease,velocitytoincrease.
CorrectAnsweris. pressuretodecrease,velocitytoincrease.
Explanation. MechanicsofFlightACKermode10thEditionPage340.
QuestionNumber.
149. AnaircraftflyingbelowthetropopausedescendsataconstantTrueAirspeed.ItsMach.No.will.
OptionA.
notchange.
OptionB.
decrease.
OptionC.
increase.
CorrectAnsweris. decrease.
Explanation. SpeedofsoundINCREASESwithDECREASINGaltitude,somachnumberwilldecrease.
QuestionNumber.
150. Anosedownchangeoftrim(tuckunder)occursduetoshockinduced.
OptionA.
tipstallonadeltawingaircraft.
OptionB.
rootstallonadeltawingaircraft.
OptionC.
tipstallonastraightwingaircraft.
CorrectAnsweris. rootstallonadeltawingaircraft.
Explanation. PallettAutomaticFlightControl2ndEditionPage45.
QuestionNumber.
151. AsymmetricalaerofoilisacceleratingthroughMach1withanangleofattackof0.Ashockwavewill
form.
OptionA.
ontheupperandlowersurfaceandwillmoveaftuntilthepointofmaximumcamber.
OptionB.
ontheupperandlowersurfaceandwillmoveaft.
OptionC.
ontheuppersurfaceonlyandmoveaft.
CorrectAnsweris. ontheupperandlowersurfaceandwillmoveaft.
Explanation. ShockwavesformonupperandlowersurfacesBEGINNINGatpointofmaxcurvature,graduallymovingback.
QuestionNumber.
152. Shockstall.
OptionA.
occursathighspeeds.
OptionB.
isaflapdownstallandoccursathighspeeds.
OptionC.
occursatlowspeeds.
CorrectAnsweris. occursathighspeeds.
Explanation. Shockstall(orshockinducedstall)iscausedbytheformationofshockwavesinthetransonicspeedrange.
QuestionNumber.
153. Asyouapproachsupersonicspeed.
OptionA.
thrustisreduced.
OptionB.
totaldragisincreased.
OptionC.
liftisreduced.
CorrectAnsweris. totaldragisincreased.
Explanation. Anadditionaldragwavedragisaddedtothetotaldrag.
QuestionNumber.
154. Machtriminsomeaircraftassists.
OptionA.
lateralstability.
OptionB.
verticalstability.
OptionC.
longitudinalstability.
CorrectAnsweris. longitudinalstability.
Explanation. Machtrimisusedtocorrectthelongitudinaltrimupsetduringthetransonicspeedrange.
QuestionNumber.
155. Beforeanaircraftreachescriticalmach.
OptionA.
thenosepitchesupbecausetheCPmovesForward.
OptionB.
theaircraftbuffetsbecausetheCPmovestotheshockwave.
OptionC.
thenosepitchesdownbecausetheCPmovesrear.
CorrectAnsweris. thenosepitchesdownbecausetheCPmovesrear.
Explanation. MechanicsofFlight10theditionBarnardandPhilpottPg341.
QuestionNumber.
156. Onastandardday,atwhichaltitudewillthespeedofsoundbethegreatest?.
OptionA.
20,000ft.
OptionB.
10,000ft.
OptionC.
Sealevel.
CorrectAnsweris. Sealevel.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
157. WhichofthefollowingwillincreasetheCriticalMachNumberofanaerofoil?.
OptionA.
Usingathinairfoilandsweepingthewingsback.
OptionB.
Decreasingthefinenessratioofthewings.
OptionC.
Increasingtheaspectratioofthewings.
CorrectAnsweris. Usingathinairfoilandsweepingthewingsback.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
158. Asanaircraftacceleratesthroughthetransonicregion,thecentreofpressuretendsto.
OptionA.
turnintoashockwave.
OptionB.
moverearward.
OptionC.
moveforward.
CorrectAnsweris. moverearward.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
159. Supersonicairgoingthroughanincipientshockwavewilldecreaseitsspeedand.
OptionA.
decreasetemperatureandincreasedensity.
OptionB.
increasetemperatureanddecreasedensity.
OptionC.
increasetemperatureandincreasedensity.
CorrectAnsweris. increasetemperatureandincreasedensity.
Explanation. MechanicsofFlightACKermode10thEditionPage326fig11.4.
QuestionNumber.
160. Anincreaseinmachnumberwillcausethe.
OptionA.
CofPtomoverearwardsgivingmoredownwashonthetailplane.
OptionB.
CofPtomoveforwardsgivinglessdownwashonthetailplane.
OptionC.
CofPtomoverearwardsgivinglessdownwashonthetailplane.
CorrectAnsweris. CofPtomoverearwardsgivinglessdownwashonthetailplane.
Explanation. AutomaticFlightControl,Pallett.Page50.
QuestionNumber.
161. AtspeedsaboveMach1,shockwaveswillformaboveandbelowthewing.
OptionA.
atthetrailingedge.
OptionB.
atboththeleadingedgeandthetrailingedge.
OptionC.
attheleadingedge.
CorrectAnsweris. atboththeleadingedgeandthetrailingedge.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
162. Abovethecriticalmachnumber,thedragcoefficient.
OptionA.
increases.
OptionB.
remainsthesame.
OptionC.
decreases.
CorrectAnsweris. increases.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
163. Machtrimcounters.
OptionA.
longitudinalinstability.
OptionB.
verticalinstability.
OptionC.
lateralinstability.
CorrectAnsweris. longitudinalinstability.
Explanation. AutomaticFlightControlPallettpage231and50.
QuestionNumber.
164. AthighMachNumbersaboveMach2.2,someaircraftmetals.
OptionA.
suchasaluminium,becomebrittle.
OptionB.
losetheirstrengthduetothekineticheatingeffect.
OptionC.
willshrinkduetotheextremepressuresinvolved.
CorrectAnsweris. losetheirstrengthduetothekineticheatingeffect.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
165. Machtrimoperates.
OptionA.
alongthelongitudinalaxis.
OptionB.
alongthelateralaxis.
OptionC.
toreduceDutchroll.
CorrectAnsweris. alongthelongitudinalaxis.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
166. Toincreasecriticalmachnumber.
OptionA.
thewingsareswept.
OptionB.
elevonsarefitted.
OptionC.
taileronsarefitted.
CorrectAnsweris. thewingsareswept.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
167. Whenapproachingthespeedofsoundthe.
OptionA.
pressureabovethewingexceedsthepressurebelowthewinginplaces.
OptionB.
pressureabovethewingcanneverexceedthepressurebelowthewing.
OptionC.
pressureabovethewingequalsthepressurebelowthewing.
CorrectAnsweris. pressureabovethewingexceedsthepressurebelowthewinginplaces.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
168. Airspeedsabovethespeedofsound,butnotexceeding4timesthespeedofsoundare.
OptionA.
supersonic.
OptionB.
hypersonic.
OptionC.
hyposonic.
CorrectAnsweris. supersonic.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
169. Anaircraftexperiencesalargelossofliftandabigincreaseindraginstraightandlevelflight,what
wouldbethemostprobablecause?.
OptionA.
Atmosphericconditions.
OptionB.
Aircraftreacheditscriticalmachnumber.
OptionC.
Severeheadwinds.
CorrectAnsweris. Aircraftreacheditscriticalmachnumber.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
170. AMachTrimmerisadevicewhich.
OptionA.
preventstheaircraftfromexceedingitscriticalMachNo.
OptionB.
automaticallycompensatesfortrimchangesinthetransonicregion.
OptionC.
switchesouttrimcontroltopreventdamageinthetransonicspeedrange.
CorrectAnsweris. automaticallycompensatesfortrimchangesinthetransonicregion.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
171. Machtrimusuallyoperatesbetween.
OptionA.
0.9machand0.99mach.
OptionB.
0.7and0.8mach.
OptionC.
0.6mach0.7mach.
CorrectAnsweris. 0.7and0.8mach.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
172. Machtrimmingisinitiatedbyaninputsignalfromthe.
OptionA.
IRS.
OptionB.
verticalgyro.
OptionC.
CADC.
CorrectAnsweris. verticalgyro.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
173. Machtrimprevents.
OptionA.
thenosedroppinginalowspeedturn.
OptionB.
thenosedroppingathighspeed.
OptionC.
thenoseliftingathighspeed.
CorrectAnsweris. thenosedroppingathighspeed.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
174. CriticalMachNo.maybeincreasedby.
OptionA.
usingahigherthickness/chordratiowing.
OptionB.
sweepingbackthewing.
OptionC.
usingmorepowerfulengines.
CorrectAnsweris. sweepingbackthewing.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
175. Airfloweithersideofanormalshockwaveis.
OptionA.
sonicupstreamanddownstream.
OptionB.
sonicupstream,subsonicdownstream.
OptionC.
subsonicupstream,sonicdownstream.
CorrectAnsweris. sonicupstream,subsonicdownstream.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
176. MachNumberisdefinedas.
OptionA.
speedofsoundatsealeveldividedbylocalspeedofsound.
OptionB.
IASdividedbythelocalspeedofsound.
OptionC.
TASdividedbylocalspeedofsound.
CorrectAnsweris. TASdividedbylocalspeedofsound.
Explanation. JeppesenA&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookPage66.
QuestionNumber.
177. Thereasonforsharpleadingedgedwingsonhighspeedaircraftisto.
OptionA.
enabletheshockwavetobeaccuratelypositioned.
OptionB.
decreasewavedrag.
OptionC.
decreaseboundarylayer.
CorrectAnsweris. enabletheshockwavetobeaccuratelypositioned.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
178. CriticalMachNumberisdefinedas.
OptionA.
thatnumberatwhichtheairflowbecomessupersonic.
OptionB.
thatfreestreamMachNumberatwhichsomepartoftheairflowovertheaircraftbecomessonic.
OptionC.
theminimummachnumberatwhichtheaircraftcangosupersonic.
CorrectAnsweris. thatfreestreamMachNumberatwhichsomepartoftheairflowovertheaircraftbecomessonic.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
179. Thetransonicregionisaregionof.
OptionA.
allsubsonic.
OptionB.
allsupersonic.
OptionC.
mixedairflow.
CorrectAnsweris. mixedairflow.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
180. Immediatelydownstreamofanobliqueshockwaveisalways.
OptionA.
supersonic.
OptionB.
thesameasupstream.
OptionC.
subsonic.
CorrectAnsweris. supersonic.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
181. Wavedrag.
OptionA.
increasesinthesupersonicregion.
OptionB.
increasesatthelowspeedstall.
OptionC.
increasesinthetransonicregion.
CorrectAnsweris. increasesinthetransonicregion.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
182. ForincreasedMcrit.
OptionA.
decreasethickness/chordratio.
OptionB.
decreasesweepback.
OptionC.
decreasetrueairspeed.
CorrectAnsweris. decreasethickness/chordratio.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
183. Symptomsofshockstallare.
OptionA.
decreaseinspeed,buffetandmovementofthecentreofpressure.
OptionB.
buffet,lossofcontrol,andinstability.
OptionC.
compressibilityeffects,buffetandlossofcontrol.
CorrectAnsweris. buffet,lossofcontrol,andinstability.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
184. SweepbackincreasesMcritby.
OptionA.
decreasingtheamountofairflowoverthelowestpointontheaerofoilsection.
OptionB.
decreasingtheamountofairflowoverthehighestpointontheaerofoilsection.
OptionC.
increasingtheamountofairflowoverthehighestpointontheaerofoilsection.
CorrectAnsweris. decreasingtheamountofairflowoverthehighestpointontheaerofoilsection.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
185. Machnumberis.
OptionA.
theratiooftheaircraftsTAStothespeedofsoundatthesameatmosphericconditions.
OptionB.
theratiooftheaircraftsIAStothespeedofsoundatthesameatmosphericconditions.
OptionC.
theratiooftheaircraftsTAStothespeedofsoundatsealevel.
CorrectAnsweris. theratiooftheaircraftsTAStothespeedofsoundatthesameatmosphericconditions.
Explanation. FlightInstrumentsandAutomaticFlightControl,DavidHarrisPage19.
QuestionNumber.
186. ThecriticalMachnumberis.
OptionA.
theMachNo.whenashockwaveformsattheleadingedge.
OptionB.
theMachNo.whentheaircraftreachesthespeedofsound.
OptionC.
theaircraftMach.No.whentheairflowreachesthespeedofsoundatsomepointontheaircraft.
CorrectAnsweris. theaircraftMach.No.whentheairflowreachesthespeedofsoundatsomepointontheaircraft.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
187. AbovetheCriticalMachNo.thedragcoefficientwill.
OptionA.
remainthesame.
OptionB.
starttoincrease.
OptionC.
starttodecrease.
CorrectAnsweris. starttoincrease.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
188. Awingoflowthickness/chordratio,theCriticalMachNo.willbe.
OptionA.
lowerthanawingofhighthickness/chordratio.
OptionB.
higherthanawingofhighthickness/chordratio.
OptionC.
thesameasawingofhighthickness/chordratio.
CorrectAnsweris. higherthanawingofhighthickness/chordratio.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
189. AnaeroplaneflyingabovetheCriticalMachNo.willusuallyexperience.
OptionA.
anoseuppitch.
OptionB.
anoscillationinpitch.
OptionC.
anosedownpitch
CorrectAnsweris. anosedownpitch.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
190. Tuckundercanbecounteractedby.
OptionA.
machtrim.
OptionB.
aileronreversal.
OptionC.
trimtabs.
CorrectAnsweris. machtrim.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
191. Whatcausestuckunder?.
OptionA.
Flapbackeffect.
OptionB.
Shockstall.
OptionC.
Aileronreversal.
CorrectAnsweris. Shockstall.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
192. Whendoesashockstalloccur?.
OptionA.
WhentheaircraftforwardspeedisaboveMachOne.
OptionB.
AtthecriticalMachnumberoftheaeroplane.
OptionC.
Whentheaircraftreachesspeedofsoundinadive.
CorrectAnsweris. AtthecriticalMachnumberoftheaeroplane.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
193. WithanincreaseinaltitudeunderI.S.A.conditions,thetemperatureinthetroposphere.
OptionA.
increases.
OptionB.
remainsconstant.
OptionC.
decreases.
CorrectAnsweris. decreases.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
194. Aireithersideofanobliqueshockwaveisgenerally.
OptionA.
sonic.
OptionB.
supersonic.
OptionC.
subsonic.
CorrectAnsweris. supersonic.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
195. Downstreamofanormalshockwave.
OptionA.
pressuredecreasestemperatureincreases.
OptionB.
pressureandtemperatureincrease.
OptionC.
pressureandtemperaturedecrease.
CorrectAnsweris. pressureandtemperatureincrease.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
196. Speedofsoundvarieswith.
OptionA.
altitude.
OptionB.
temperature.
OptionC.
pressure.
CorrectAnsweris. temperature.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
197. Immediatelydownstreamofanormalshockwave,airisalways.
OptionA.
subsonic.
OptionB.
supersonic.
OptionC.
thesameasupstream.
CorrectAnsweris. subsonic.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
198. Increasedsweepback.
OptionA.
improvestipstallcharacteristics.
OptionB.
raisesMcrit.
OptionC.
decreasesstability.
CorrectAnsweris. raisesMcrit.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
199. Aerodynamicheating.
OptionA.
increasesasafunctionofairspeed.
OptionB.
increaseswithskinfriction.
OptionC.
decreaseswithaltitude.
CorrectAnsweris. increasesasafunctionofairspeed.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
200. Toovercomeineffectivecontrolsurfaceproblemsinthetransonicregion.
OptionA.
anallmovingtailplanemaybeused.
OptionB.
hydraulicpoweredelevatorsmaybeused.
OptionC.
Friseaileronsmaybeused.
CorrectAnsweris. anallmovingtailplanemaybeused.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
201. AnaircraftflyingbelowthetropopausedescendsataconstantTrueAirspeed,itsMach.No.will.
OptionA.
remainthesame.
OptionB.
increase.
OptionC.
decrease.
CorrectAnsweris. decrease.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
202. Tocountertheeffectofashiftofcentreofpressureasanaircraftfliesthroughthetransonicregion,fuel
ispumped.
OptionA.
forwards.
OptionB.
backwards.
OptionC.
sideways.
CorrectAnsweris. backwards.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
203. AnaircraftflyingabovethetropopausedescendsataconstantTrueAirspeed,itsMach.No.will.
OptionA.
remainthesame.
OptionB.
decrease.
OptionC.
increase.
CorrectAnsweris. remainthesame.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
204. Thevelocityofsoundwithanincreaseinaltitudewill.
OptionA.
remainconstant.
OptionB.
increase.
OptionC.
decrease.
CorrectAnsweris. decrease.
Explanation. FlightInstrumentsandAutomaticFlightControlSystems,DavidHarrisPage19.
QuestionNumber.
205. Machnumberequalstheratioof.
OptionA.
altitudetoairspeed.
OptionB.
sonicspeedtoindicatedairspeed.
OptionC.
trueairspeedtolocalsonicspeed.
CorrectAnsweris. trueairspeedtolocalsonicspeed.
Explanation. FlightInstrumentsandAutomaticFlightControlSystems,DavidHarrisPage19.
QuestionNumber.
206. Tuckunderiscausedby.
OptionA.
tipstallonastraightwingaircraft.
OptionB.
tipstallonasweptwingaircraft.
OptionC.
rootstallonasweptwingaircraft.
CorrectAnsweris. rootstallonasweptwingaircraft.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
207. Thepurposeofsweepbackonanaerofoilisto.
OptionA.
decreasedrag.
OptionB.
decreaseMcrit.
OptionC.
increaseMcrit.
CorrectAnsweris. increaseMcrit.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
208. Astheairspeedoveracamberedwingisincreased,ashockwavewillappearinitially.
OptionA.
attheleadingedge.
OptionB.
atthetrailingedge.
OptionC.
nearthepointofmaximumcurvature.
CorrectAnsweris. nearthepointofmaximumcurvature.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
209. Inthetransonicspeedrange.
OptionA.
thepositionofthewingcentreofpressureremainsconstant.
OptionB.
thecentreofpressuremovementmaybecomeoscillatory.
OptionC.
thecentreofpressureinitiallymovesforward,thenback.
CorrectAnsweris. thecentreofpressuremovementmaybecomeoscillatory.ORthecentreofpressureinitiallymovesforward,
thenback.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
210. Theangleofattackofabladeisthe.
OptionA.
anglebetweenthespinaxisandrelativeairflow.
OptionB.
anglebetweenthechordlineandplaneofrotation.
OptionC.
anglebetweenthechordlineandrelativeairflow.
CorrectAnsweris. anglebetweenthechordlineandrelativeairflow.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
211. Onahelicopter,whatisbladedragging?.
OptionA.
Movementofeachbladeverticallyabouttheirlateralhinges.
OptionB.
Contactofthebladetipsontheground.
OptionC.
Movementofeachbladehorizontallyabouttheirverticalhinge.
CorrectAnsweris. Movementofeachbladehorizontallyabouttheirverticalhinge.
Explanation. A&PGeneralTextbookPg258.
QuestionNumber.
212. Liftgeneratedbyabladeisproportionaltothe.
OptionA.
relativeairflowandthepitch.
OptionB.
aircraftairspeedandangleofattack.
OptionC.
relativeairflowandtheangleofattack.
CorrectAnsweris. aircraftairspeedandangleofattack.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
213. Whateffectdoesthegroundhaveonahelicopter?.
OptionA.
Noeffect.
OptionB.
Increaseslift.
OptionC.
Increasesthrust.
CorrectAnsweris. Increaseslift.
Explanation. A&PAirframeTechnicianTextbookPg158.
QuestionNumber.
214. Whatdampsvibrationsonahelicopter?.
OptionA.
Swashplate.
OptionB.
Scissorlevers.
OptionC.
Bifilardamper.
CorrectAnsweris. Bifilardamper.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
215. WhatdesignfactorsgovernRPMofahelicopterrotor?.
OptionA.
Weightofblade.
OptionB.
Finenessratio.
OptionC.
Engineandgearbox.
CorrectAnsweris. Weightofblade.
Explanation. A&PAirframeTechnicianTextbookPg154.
http:
//www.tpub.com/content/hseries/TM1152026523/css/TM1152026523_104.htm
QuestionNumber.
216. Relativevelocityofahelicopterrotor.
OptionA.
increasesatforwardtravellingblade.
OptionB.
isequalforallblades.
OptionC.
increasesatretreatingblade.
CorrectAnsweris. increasesatforwardtravellingblade.
Explanation. A&PAirframeTechnicianTextbookPg159.
QuestionNumber.
217. WhenOATincreases,whathappenstoanhelicopteroperatingceiling?.
OptionA.
Decrease.
OptionB.
Increase.
OptionC.
Noeffect.
CorrectAnsweris. Decrease.
Explanation. Astemperatureincreases,densitydecreasesandaircraftperformancedecreases.
QuestionNumber.
218. Withthehelicopterinforwardflight,parasiticdragwillcausethehelicopterto.
OptionA.
pitchnosedownwithanincreaseinforwardairspeed.
OptionB.
pitchnosedownwithadecreaseinforwardairspeed.
OptionC.
pitchnoseupwithanincreaseinforwardinairspeed.
CorrectAnsweris. pitchnosedownwithanincreaseinforwardairspeed.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
219. Whenablademovesabouttheflappinghinge.
OptionA.
thepitchangleofthebladealwaysreduces.
OptionB.
thedragforcesonthebladechange.
OptionC.
thedragforcesonthebladechangeandtheangleofattack(AOA)changes.
CorrectAnsweris. thedragforcesonthebladechangeandtheangleofattack(AOA)changes.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
220. Tomaintainthepositionofthehelicopterwithadecreaseinairdensity,thepilotmustincrease.
OptionA.
mainrotorRPM.
OptionB.
cyclicpitch.
OptionC.
collectivepitch.
CorrectAnsweris. collectivepitch.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
221. Theforceswhichgoverntheconingangleare.
OptionA.
liftandcentrifugalforce.
OptionB.
thrustandcentrifugalforce.
OptionC.
liftandthrust.
CorrectAnsweris. liftandcentrifugalforce.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
222. Asahelicopteracceleratesinlevelforwardflightaboveapproximately15knots,itwillbenecessaryto:
.
OptionA.
reducepowerbecauseoftheadditionalliftduetotranslationalflight.
OptionB.
increasepowerbecauserotorRPMisincreasing.
OptionC.
reducepowerbecauserotorprofiledragisreduced.
CorrectAnsweris. reducepowerbecauseoftheadditionalliftduetotranslationalflight.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
223. Assumingthephaselagofarotorbladeis90oandthecontroladvanceangleis15degrees,thenthe
pitchoperatingarmmustbeatthehighestpointoftheswashplate:.
OptionA.
90oaheadofthehighestflappingposition.
OptionB.
75oaheadofthehighestflappingposition.
OptionC.
105oaheadofthehighestflappingposition.
CorrectAnsweris. 75oaheadofthehighestflappingposition.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
224. Ahelicopterishoveringandthepilotappliesrightpedal.Assumingthemainrotorrotatesanticlockwise
viewedfromabove,thehelicopterwill.
OptionA.
descend,unlessthepilotinchesthethrottleopen.
OptionB.
ascend,unlessthepilotdecreasesrotorRPM.
OptionC.
descend,unlessthepilotappliesmorecollectivepitch.
CorrectAnsweris. descend,unlessthepilotinchesthethrottleopen.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
225. Ahelicopterhasamainrotorwhichrotatesanticlockwiseviewedfromabove,andisfittedwithan
antitorquetailrotor.Itwilltendtodriftsidewaysto.
OptionA.
port,ifthetailrotorismountedontheleftsideoftheaircraft.
OptionB.
starboard,whicheverwaythetailrotorisfitted.
OptionC.
port,ifthetailrotorismountedontherightsideoftheaircraft.
CorrectAnsweris. starboard,whicheverwaythetailrotorisfitted.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
226. Astherotorheadistiltedtotravelforward,whathappenstotherearwardtravellingblade'spitchangle?.
OptionA.
Increases.
OptionB.
Decreases.
OptionC.
Nochange.
CorrectAnsweris. Increases.
Explanation. A&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookPg.159.
QuestionNumber.
227. Thetailrotor.
OptionA.
producesaforceopposingtorquereaction.
OptionB.
producesaforceinthesamedirectionastorquereaction.
OptionC.
isnotsubjecttodissymmetryoflift.
CorrectAnsweris. producesaforceopposingtorquereaction.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
228. Withthetailrotorpedalsinneutral,thetailrotorbladepitchwillbe.
OptionA.
positive.
OptionB.
negative.
OptionC.
neutral.
CorrectAnsweris. positive.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
229. Themainrotordriveshaftistiltedlaterallyonsomehelicopterstocorrecttailrotor.
OptionA.
drift.
OptionB.
torque.
OptionC.
roll.
CorrectAnsweris. drift.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
230. Certainhelicopterstendtotiltlaterallywhenlanding.Thisproblemcanbeovercomebyplacingthetail
rotorthrust.
OptionA.
belowthelineofthemainrotorhub.
OptionB.
abovethelineofthemainrotorhub.
OptionC.
inlinewiththemainrotorhub.
CorrectAnsweris. inlinewiththemainrotorhub.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
231. Groundcushioneffectisproducedby.
OptionA.
recirculatingairgivingadditionallift.
OptionB.
increasedpressureunderthemainrotordisc.
OptionC.
increaseindensityabovethefuselage.
CorrectAnsweris. increasedpressureunderthemainrotordisc.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
232. Ahelicopterhoveringnearatallbuildingwill.
OptionA.
driftawayfromit.
OptionB.
beunaffectedbyit.
OptionC.
drifttowardsit.
CorrectAnsweris. drifttowardsit.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
233. Droopingofhelicopterbladesiscompensatedby.
OptionA.
flapping.
OptionB.
dragging.
OptionC.
centrifugalforce.
CorrectAnsweris. centrifugalforce.
Explanation. CentrifugalforcecounteractsthedroopofhelicopterbladesatlowRPM.
QuestionNumber.
234. Duringdecentwithpoweron,onahelicopter.
OptionA.
lift,weightandthrustareactingonthehelicopter.
OptionB.
lift,dragandthrustareactingonthehelicopter.
OptionC.
lift,drag,thrustandweightareactingonthehelicopter.
CorrectAnsweris. lift,drag,thrustandweightareactingonthehelicopter.
Explanation. Allfourforcesactonthehelicopter.
QuestionNumber.
235. Ahelicopterhovering2mabovethegroundsubjecttoastrongcrosswindwill.
OptionA.
loseliftduetotheremovalofthegroundcushioneffect.
OptionB.
increaseliftduetogroundcushioneffect.
OptionC.
loseliftduetorecirculation.
CorrectAnsweris. loseliftduetorecirculation.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
236. Withadropinambienttemperature,anaircraftserviceceilingwill.
OptionA.
lower.
OptionB.
rise.
OptionC.
notbeaffected.
CorrectAnsweris. rise.
Explanation. Asambienttemperaturedrops,densityincreasesandaircraftperformanceincreases.
QuestionNumber.
237. Duringanautorotativedescent,rotorRPMwillbe.
OptionA.
higherthaninpoweredflight.
OptionB.
lowerthaninpoweredflight.
OptionC.
substantiallythesameasinpoweredflight.
CorrectAnsweris. higherthaninpoweredflight.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
238. Helicopterbladesare.
OptionA.
symmetrical.
OptionB.
highlycambered.
OptionC.
reversecambered.
CorrectAnsweris. symmetrical.
Explanation. Helicopterbladesareusuallysymmetricalsection.
QuestionNumber.
239. Autorotativeforceisthe.
OptionA.
componentofthetotalreactionwhichactsforwardintheplaneofrotationinoppositiontodrag.
OptionB.
forcerequiredtoturninahover.
OptionC.
forcethepilotmustapplytothecollectivelevertoobtainacontrolleddescent.
CorrectAnsweris. componentofthetotalreactionwhichactsforwardintheplaneofrotationinoppositiontodrag.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
240. Autorotation.
OptionA.
leavestheaircraftwithnodirectionalcontrol.
OptionB.
resultsinalossofpower.
OptionC.
istheproductionofliftfromfreelyrotatingrotorblades.
CorrectAnsweris. istheproductionofliftfromfreelyrotatingrotorblades.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
241. Ifthemainrotorofahelicopterrotatesinananticlockwisedirectionwhenviewedfromabove,anda
hoveringleftturnisrequired,thefollowingmovementsofthecontrolsareselected:.
OptionA.
Rudderpedaltotheleft,anddecreasethrottle.
OptionB.
Rudderpedaltotheleft,andincreasethrottle.
OptionC.
Rudderpedaltotheright,andincreasethrottle.
CorrectAnsweris. Rudderpedaltotheleft,anddecreasethrottle.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
242. Helicopterderivesitsliftfrom.
OptionA.
airispusheddownward.
OptionB.
rotoractsasaairscrew.
OptionC.
thebladeofthehelicoptercreatesalowpressureaboveit.
CorrectAnsweris. thebladeofthehelicoptercreatesalowpressureaboveit.
Explanation. Allthreearecorrect,butanaerodynamicistwouldchoosea'createsalowpressureaboveit'.
QuestionNumber.
243. Atwobladedhelicopterrotoronacentralgimbaliscalled.
OptionA.
semirigidrotor.
OptionB.
fullyarticulatedrotor.
OptionC.
rigidrotor.
CorrectAnsweris. semirigidrotor.
Explanation. A&PTechnicianAirframeTextbookPg.153.
QuestionNumber.
244. Ifahelicopterrotordiscisrotatinganticlockwise,viewedfromabovewhere,wouldapitchinputbefed
intothedisctomovethehelicopterbackwards,(90degreestowhat)?.
OptionA.
Infrontofthelateralaxis.
OptionB.
Leftofthelongitudinalaxis.
OptionC.
Rightofthelongitudinalaxis.
CorrectAnsweris. Rightofthelongitudinalaxis.
Explanation. Duetoprecessionoftherotordisc,theinputtotiltthediscbackwardsmustbeplaced90degreesbefore,indirectionof
motionofthedisc.
QuestionNumber.
245. Onahelicopter,whatisvortexringstate?.
OptionA.
Tipvortexbuildupduringhover.
OptionB.
Tipvortexinterferenceathighforwardspeed.
OptionC.
Groundvortexinterferencewhenhoveringclosetotheground.
CorrectAnsweris. Tipvortexbuildupduringhover.
Explanation. Duringhover,thetipvortexofonebladeaddstothetipvorticesoftheprecedingblades,producingalargevortexring
andaveryinefficienthelicopter.
QuestionNumber.
246. Climbswithforwardspeedrequirelesspowerthanverticalclimbs,becauseof.
OptionA.
translationallift.
OptionB.
increasedinertia.
OptionC.
forwardmomentum.
CorrectAnsweris. translationallift.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
247. Translationalflightis.
OptionA.
achievedbyraisingorloweringthecollectivelever.
OptionB.
whenthehelicopterchangesfromonesteadyflightconditiontoanother.
OptionC.
achievedbytiltingtherotordiscinthedirectionofflight.
CorrectAnsweris. achievedbytiltingtherotordiscinthedirectionofflight.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
248. ThebestdesignofarotorbladeiswheretheCofP.
OptionA.
movesfreelyalongthelengthoftheblade.
OptionB.
doesnotmove.
OptionC.
isinsignificant.
CorrectAnsweris. doesnotmove.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
249. Whenthecyclicstickiseasedforwardinthehoverposition.
OptionA.
altitudeisincreased.
OptionB.
forwardthrustisdecreased.
OptionC.
verticalliftisreduced.
CorrectAnsweris. verticalliftisreduced.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
250. Therotorconeisformedby.
OptionA.
bladealignment.
OptionB.
centrifugalforceandlift.
OptionC.
centrifugalforceonly.
CorrectAnsweris. centrifugalforceandlift.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
251. Trackingiscarriedoutto_____________themainrotorbladetippath.
OptionA.
restore.
OptionB.
align.
OptionC.
balance.
CorrectAnsweris. align.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
252. Theadvancingbladeofahelicopteristheonemoving.
OptionA.
onemovingforwardintorelativeairflow.
OptionB.
highestblade.
OptionC.
onemovingindirectionofrelativeairflow.
CorrectAnsweris. onemovingforwardintorelativeairflow.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
253. Liftisgeneratedby.
OptionA.
downwashbelowtheblade.
OptionB.
highpressureabovetheblade.
OptionC.
lowpressureabovetheblade.
CorrectAnsweris. lowpressureabovetheblade.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
254. Staticstabilityofahelicopteris.
OptionA.
thestabilityofthehelicopterwhenhovering.
OptionB.
thetendencymovebacktowardneutralafterdisturbance.
OptionC.
thetendencytooscillateuntiltheneutralisachieved.
CorrectAnsweris. thetendencymovebacktowardneutralafterdisturbance.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
255. Forwardvelocitycausestheadvancingbladeto.
OptionA.
flapdowntoincreaselift.
OptionB.
giveincreasedliftduetobladeflapping.
OptionC.
flapuptoreducelift.
CorrectAnsweris. flapuptoreducelift.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
256. Whenmovingfromthehovertoforwardflightitisnecessaryto.
OptionA.
increasetheenginepower.
OptionB.
decreasetheenginepower.
OptionC.
maintainconstantenginepower.
CorrectAnsweris. increasetheenginepower.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
257. AfterachangeincollectivepitchtheRotorRPMwillriseandfall.Thisiscalled.
OptionA.
staticdroop.
OptionB.
transientdroop.
OptionC.
underswing.
CorrectAnsweris. transientdroop.
Explanation. TheHelicopterandHowitFliesbyJohnFayPage20/21.TheinitialtotalfallinrotorRPMiscalledtransientdroop.
ThechangeinstabilisedRPMisreferredtoasstaticdroop.TheRPMdifferencebetweentransientdroopandstaticdroopiscalledthe
underswing.
QuestionNumber.
258. Afterachangeinpitchofarotorblade,thebladewillbeatmaximumflapat.
OptionA.
90.
OptionB.
0.
OptionC.
180.
CorrectAnsweris. 90.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
259. Therotordiscis.
OptionA.
thegroundcushion.
OptionB.
thedistancebetweentiptotip.
OptionC.
therotorheadhub.
CorrectAnsweris. thedistancebetweentiptotip.
Explanation. AutomaticFlightControl.Pallett.Page59/60fig1.42.
QuestionNumber.
260. Themaximumforwardspeedofahelicopterislimitedby.
OptionA.
retreatingbladestallandtheforwardspeedoftheadvancingblade.
OptionB.
enginepower.
OptionC.
theshapeofthefuselage.
CorrectAnsweris. retreatingbladestallandtheforwardspeedoftheadvancingblade.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
261. Whatprincipledoesthedelta3hingeuse?.
OptionA.
Triangularpitchchangelever.
OptionB.
Flappingactuators.
OptionC.
Offsethinges.
CorrectAnsweris. Offsethinges.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
262. Astheangleofattackofarotorbladeincreases,itaffectsthe.
OptionA.
flappingforces.
OptionB.
draggingandtheflappingforces.
OptionC.
draggingforces.
CorrectAnsweris. draggingandtheflappingforces.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
263. Withanincreaseinitsangleofattack,thedragactingonarotorblade.
OptionA.
decreases.
OptionB.
increases.
OptionC.
remainsconstant.
CorrectAnsweris. increases.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
264. Forcesonahelicopter,inapowerondescentare.
OptionA.
lift,drag,thrust,weight.
OptionB.
lift,drag,thrust.
OptionC.
weight,drag,lift.
CorrectAnsweris. lift,drag,thrust,weight.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
265. Thebellstabilityaugmentationsystemisbasedon.
OptionA.
flappinghinges.
OptionB.
offsethinges.
OptionC.
gyroscopicforces.
CorrectAnsweris. gyroscopicforces.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
266. Duringforwardflighttheadvancingbladewill.
OptionA.
flapdown.
OptionB.
flapup.
OptionC.
lag.
CorrectAnsweris. flapup.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
267. Whatistheadvancingbladeonahelicopterdoing?.
OptionA.
Goingtothehighestpoint.
OptionB.
Increasinginlift.
OptionC.
Increasingindrag.
CorrectAnsweris. Increasinginlift.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
268. Whatistheswashplateonahelicopterusedfor?.
OptionA.
Controlofthepitchoftherotorblades.
OptionB.
Controlofthespeedoftherotorblades.
OptionC.
Controloftheflapoftherotorblades.
CorrectAnsweris. Controlofthepitchoftherotorblades.
Explanation. AutomaticFlightControlPallettPage61.
QuestionNumber.
269. Upwashonahelicopterwouldresultin.
OptionA.
decreaseinlift.
OptionB.
increaseinliftwithoutanincreaseinpower.
OptionC.
decreaseinspeed.
CorrectAnsweris. increaseinliftwithoutanincreaseinpower.
Explanation. Upwashincreasesangleofattack.
QuestionNumber.
270. Afterarolltotheleftofastaticallyunstablehelicopter,thehelicopterwould.
OptionA.
continuetorollfurther.
OptionB.
remainatthepositionthatithadrolledto.
OptionC.
rollbacktothehorizontal.
CorrectAnsweris. continuetorollfurther.
Explanation. AutomaticFlightControlPallettPage65.
QuestionNumber.
271. Thedifferencebetweentransientdroopandstaticdroopis.
OptionA.
overswing.
OptionB.
underswing.
OptionC.
aholeinone.
CorrectAnsweris. underswing.
Explanation. TheHelicopterhistory,pilotingandhowitfliesJohnFayISBN81700020301PageNo21".
QuestionNumber.
272. Whathappenstoahelicopterinautorotativeflight?.
OptionA.
Therotorgoesinthenormaldirectionofrotation.
OptionB.
Therotorgoestheoppositedirectiontothenormaldirectionofrotation.
OptionC.
Thecabingoesinthedirectionofrotation.
CorrectAnsweris. Therotorgoesinthenormaldirectionofrotation.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
273. TheRPMoftherotorbladesisconstant,withinsmalllimitsto.
OptionA.
preventbladesoverspeeding.
OptionB.
preventbladesfoldingupduringflight.
OptionC.
reducetorqueloading.
CorrectAnsweris. preventbladesfoldingupduringflight.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
274. Tomaintainthepositionofthehelicopter,whenhoveringwithadecreaseinairdensity,thepilotmust.
OptionA.
increasethecollectivepitch.
OptionB.
increaserotorRPM.
OptionC.
increasethecyclicpitch.
CorrectAnsweris. increasethecollectivepitch.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
275. Relativeairflowoverahelicopterblade.
OptionA.
increasesatthetip.
OptionB.
isunaffectedbybladeposition.
OptionC.
increasesattheroot.
CorrectAnsweris. increasesatthetip.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
276. Anhelicopterfinhelpstogive.
OptionA.
longitudinalstabilityaboutthenormalaxis.
OptionB.
directionalstabilityaboutthenormalaxis.
OptionC.
directionalstabilityaboutthelongitudinalaxis.
CorrectAnsweris. directionalstabilityaboutthenormalaxis.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
277. Afterarolltotheleftofastaticallystablehelicopter,thehelicopterwould.
OptionA.
continuetoroll.
OptionB.
comebacktolevelflight.
OptionC.
increasesroll.
CorrectAnsweris. comebacktolevelflight.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
278. Solidityoftherotoristheratioofthe.
OptionA.
bladeareatodiscarea.
OptionB.
allupweighttobladearea.
OptionC.
allupweighttodiscarea.
CorrectAnsweris. bladeareatodiscarea.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
279. Whichdirectionistheairflowingthroughthemainrotorduringautorotation?.
OptionA.
Upwards.
OptionB.
Paralleltotherotorchordline.
OptionC.
Downwards.
CorrectAnsweris. Upwards.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
280. Thepurposeofanoffsetverticalstabilizeristo.
OptionA.
providestabilityduringverticalflight.
OptionB.
relievesomeoftheloadonthetailrotorduringforwardflight.
OptionC.
provideliftduringforwardflight.
CorrectAnsweris. relievesomeoftheloadonthetailrotorduringforwardflight.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
281. Thepurposeofthehorizontalstabilizeristo.
OptionA.
maintaintheaircraftinasnearahorizontalattitudeaspossible,duringforwardflight.
OptionB.
toreducerotorheadloadsduringtranslationalflight.
OptionC.
tostabilizetheaircraftinthehover.
CorrectAnsweris. maintaintheaircraftinasnearahorizontalattitudeaspossible,duringforwardflight.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
282. Duringautorotation,therudderpedals.
OptionA.
wouldneedtobebackedoffduetothelossoftorque.
OptionB.
wouldhavenoeffectondirectionalcontrol.
OptionC.
wouldneedtobeadvancedtocounteracttheincreasedtorque.
CorrectAnsweris. wouldneedtobebackedoffduetothelossoftorque.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
283. Inforwardflight,theadvancingbladewouldbeexpectedto.
OptionA.
lag.
OptionB.
increasepitch.
OptionC.
flapup.
CorrectAnsweris. flapup.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
284. Whenthehelicoptermovesfromthehovertotranslationalflight,theliftvectorwill.
OptionA.
remainvertical.
OptionB.
moveforward.
OptionC.
moveaft.
CorrectAnsweris. moveforward.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
285. Ifthebladeangleofattackincreases.
OptionA.
liftincreasesonly.
OptionB.
liftanddragincreases.
OptionC.
dragincreasesonly.
CorrectAnsweris. liftanddragincreases.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
286. Whenabladeisflappingup.
OptionA.
pitchwillincrease.
OptionB.
pitchwilldecrease.
OptionC.
liftanddragbothincrease.
CorrectAnsweris. pitchwilldecrease.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
287. Vortexringstartrequires.
OptionA.
retreatingbladestall.
OptionB.
advancingbladestall.
OptionC.
powerondescent.
CorrectAnsweris. powerondescent.
Explanation. ThehelicopterandhowitfliesPage117byJohnFay.
QuestionNumber.
288. Rotortipvorticesarestrongestwhen.
OptionA.
hoveringwithhighweight.
OptionB.
flyinghighspeedinstraightandlevelflight.
OptionC.
flyingintoaheadwind.
CorrectAnsweris. hoveringwithhighweight.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
289. Tailrotoreffectsthehelicopterin.
OptionA.
pitchandroll.
OptionB.
verticalaxis.
OptionC.
horizontalaxis.
CorrectAnsweris. verticalaxis.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
290. AbladeofaHelicopterMainRotoris.
OptionA.
highlycambered.
OptionB.
reversecambered.
OptionC.
symmetricallycambered.
CorrectAnsweris. symmetricallycambered.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
291. Helicopterrotorbladesproduceliftby.
OptionA.
movingasmallmassofairdownwardsslowly.
OptionB.
movingalargemassofairdownwardsquickly.
OptionC.
creatingalowerpressureabovethebladethanbelow.
CorrectAnsweris. creatingalowerpressureabovethebladethanbelow.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
292. Withanincreaseinforwardvelocityofahelicopter,theincreaseinparasiticdragwillcausethefuselage
attitudeto.
OptionA.
pitchdown.
OptionB.
remainlevel.
OptionC.
pitchup.
CorrectAnsweris. pitchdown.
Explanation. Theamountofparasiticdragincreaseswithincreasingairspeed,sothatthethrust/parasitedrag(nosedown)couple
becomesstronger.
QuestionNumber.
293. Onahelicopter,rotordisclifthappens.
OptionA.
180later.
OptionB.
90later.
OptionC.
immediately.
CorrectAnsweris. immediately.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
294. Duringanautorotativedecent,rotorRPMwillbe.
OptionA.
higherthaninpoweredflight.
OptionB.
approximatelythesameasinpoweredflight.
OptionC.
lowerthaninpoweredflight.
CorrectAnsweris. higherthaninpoweredflight.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
295. Liftinahelicopterisaresultof.
OptionA.
pitch*squarerootofspeed.
OptionB.
angleofattack*velocitysquared.
OptionC.
angleofattack*velocitysquaredandforwardspeed.
CorrectAnsweris. angleofattack*velocitysquared.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
296. Afterachangeinpitchofarotorbladethebladewillbeatmaximumflapat.
OptionA.
180.
OptionB.
90.
OptionC.
0.
CorrectAnsweris. 90.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
297. Whentherotorbladeincreasesitsangleofattack,thecentreofpressure.
OptionA.
doesnotmove.
OptionB.
movesrearwards.
OptionC.
movesforward.
CorrectAnsweris. doesnotmove.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
298. Autorotativeforceattemptstopulltherotorblade.
OptionA.
inthedirectionofnormalrotation.
OptionB.
bothinandagainstthedirectionofnormalrotation.
OptionC.
againstthedirectionofnormalrotation.
CorrectAnsweris. inthedirectionofnormalrotation.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
299. Thegroundeffectiseffectiveuptoaheightequalling.
OptionA.
twicethediameteroftherotordisc.
OptionB.
thelengthofthefuselage.
OptionC.
thediameteroftherotordisc.
CorrectAnsweris. thediameteroftherotordisc.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
300. Movementofthecollectivecontrolwill.
OptionA.
increasethepitchofthemainrotorblades.
OptionB.
increasethepitchofthetailrotor.
OptionC.
tiltthediscandincreaseenginepower.
CorrectAnsweris. increasethepitchofthemainrotorblades.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
301. Rotorbladesailingisaproblemat.
OptionA.
lowrotorRPMatengineshutdown.
OptionB.
normalrotorRPMingustyconditions.
OptionC.
highrotorRPMatenginestartup.
CorrectAnsweris. lowrotorRPMatengineshutdown.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
302. Thelayerofairoverthesurfaceofanaerofoilwhichisslowermoving,inrelationtotherestofthe
airflow,isknownas.
OptionA.
camberlayer.
OptionB.
boundarylayer.
OptionC.
noneoftheabovearecorrect.
CorrectAnsweris. boundarylayer.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
303. Duringhelicopterforwardflighttheretreatingbladewilltendto.
OptionA.
flapdown.
OptionB.
nochange.
OptionC.
flapup.
CorrectAnsweris. flapdown.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
304. Whenairflowvelocityoveranuppercamberedsurfaceofanaerofoildecreases,whattakesplace?.
OptionA.
Pressureincreases,liftdecreases.
OptionB.
Pressuredecreases,liftincreases.
OptionC.
Pressureincreases,liftincreases.
CorrectAnsweris. Pressureincreases,liftdecreases.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
305. Whatisacontrollingfactorofturbulenceandskinfriction?.
OptionA.
Countersunkrivetsusedonskinexterior.
OptionB.
Finenessratio.
OptionC.
Aspectratio.
CorrectAnsweris. Countersunkrivetsusedonskinexterior.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
306. Changesinaircraftweight.
OptionA.
willonlyaffecttotaldragiftheliftiskeptconstant.
OptionB.
willnotaffecttotaldragsinceitisdependantonlyuponspeed.
OptionC.
causecorrespondingchangesintotaldragduetotheassociatedliftchange.
CorrectAnsweris. causecorrespondingchangesintotaldragduetotheassociatedliftchange.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
307. Whenanaerofoilstalls.
OptionA.
liftanddragincrease.
OptionB.
liftdecreasesanddragincreases.
OptionC.
liftincreasesanddragdecreases.
CorrectAnsweris. liftdecreasesanddragincreases.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
308. Whenahelicopterrotordiscistiltedforward,whathappenstothepitchoftheretreatingblade?.
OptionA.
Increases.
OptionB.
Remainsconstant.
OptionC.
Decreases.
CorrectAnsweris. Increases.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
309. Airflowthroughthemainrotordiscinautorotationis.
OptionA.
alwaysdownthroughtherotordisc.
OptionB.
alwaysupthroughtherotordisc.
OptionC.
maybeeitherupordown.
CorrectAnsweris. alwaysupthroughtherotordisc.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
310. Thebladestallingspeedwill.
OptionA.
onlychangeiftheMTWAwerechanged.
OptionB.
increasewithanincreaseinhelicopterweight.
OptionC.
beunaffectedbyhelicopterweightchangessinceitisdependantupontheangleofattack.
CorrectAnsweris. increasewithanincreaseinhelicopterweight.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
311. Groundeffectwillbemostapparentwhen.
OptionA.
taxiinginthehover.
OptionB.
hoveringclosetotheground.
OptionC.
taxiingontheground.
CorrectAnsweris. hoveringclosetotheground.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
312. Whenenteringintoastableautorotativestate,themainrotorRPMwillinitially.
OptionA.
increase.
OptionB.
decrease.
OptionC.
beunaffected.
CorrectAnsweris. decrease.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
313. Thestallingspeedofanhelicopterblade.
OptionA.
isincreasedwhenthehelicopterisheavier.
OptionB.
isincreasedwhenthehelicopterislighter.
OptionC.
doesnotchange.
CorrectAnsweris. isincreasedwhenthehelicopterisheavier.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
314. Helicoptersinforwardflightareusually.
OptionA.
directionallystable.
OptionB.
laterallystable.
OptionC.
longitudinallystable.
CorrectAnsweris. directionallystable.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
315. Stabilityofahelicopterisits.
OptionA.
abilitytohoveratafixedpointabovetheground.
OptionB.
abilitytomoveinall3axiswhereandwhenrequired.
OptionC.
abilitytoreturntooriginalattitudeafterdisplacement.
CorrectAnsweris. abilitytoreturntooriginalattitudeafterdisplacement.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
316. Inforwardflighttherelativeairvelocityateachblade.
OptionA.
isgreatestfortheretreatingblade.
OptionB.
isequalatallbladesduetocompensation.
OptionC.
isgreatestfortheadvancingblade.
CorrectAnsweris. isgreatestfortheadvancingblade.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
317. Whatforcesareactingonthehelicopterduringdescent?.
OptionA.
Liftonly.
OptionB.
Liftandweight.
OptionC.
Weightonly.
CorrectAnsweris. Liftandweight.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
318. Thegroundcushioneffectisapparent.
OptionA.
inthehoveronly.
OptionB.
inthehoverandatlowtranslationalflightclosetotheground.
OptionC.
onthegroundonly.
CorrectAnsweris. inthehoverandatlowtranslationalflightclosetotheground.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
319. Iftheangleofattackisincreasedonamainrotorblade.
OptionA.
thereisnochangeindrag.
OptionB.
thereisanincreaseindrag.
OptionC.
thereisareductionindrag.
CorrectAnsweris. thereisanincreaseindrag.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
320. Ahelicoptermainrotorblademaybetaperedfromroottotipto.
OptionA.
equaliseliftalongtheblade.
OptionB.
reduceinduceddrag.
OptionC.
reducethebladeweight.
CorrectAnsweris. equaliseliftalongtheblade.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
321. Ahelicoptermainrotorbladeistwistedfromroottotipto.
OptionA.
permitthebladetostraightenunderaerodynamicload.
OptionB.
equaliseliftalongtheblade.
OptionC.
givethebladeadditionalstrength.
CorrectAnsweris. equaliseliftalongtheblade.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
322. Translationaldriftis.
OptionA.
thetendencyfortheaircrafttodriftlaterally.
OptionB.
thetendencyfortheaircrafttoturntoport.
OptionC.
thetendencyfortheaircrafttopitchnoseup.
CorrectAnsweris. thetendencyfortheaircrafttodriftlaterally.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
323. Thechoiceofaerofoilsectionforarotorbladeissuchthat.
OptionA.
ithasastablecentreofpressure.
OptionB.
theCofPmovesveryslowly.
OptionC.
theCofPmovesrapidlyinresponsetopitchchanges.
CorrectAnsweris. ithasastablecentreofpressure.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
324. Whentherotorbladeisflappingup,theangleofattack.
OptionA.
remainsthesameasthepitchangle.
OptionB.
islessthanthepitchangle.
OptionC.
isgreaterthanthepitchangle.
CorrectAnsweris. islessthanthepitchangle.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
325. Whentherotorbladeisflappingdown,thepitchangle.
OptionA.
islessthantheangleofattack.
OptionB.
remainsthesame.
OptionC.
isgreaterthantheangleofattack.
CorrectAnsweris. islessthantheangleofattack.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
326. Thetropopauseexistsatabout.
OptionA.
18,000ft.
OptionB.
30,000ft.
OptionC.
36,000ft.
CorrectAnsweris. 36,000ft.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
327. TherotorbladesoperateatthebestLift/Dragratiowhentheir.
OptionA.
angleofattackis0degrees.
OptionB.
pitchanglescloselyapproachthestallangle.
OptionC.
angleofattackisabout+3degrees.
CorrectAnsweris. angleofattackisabout+3degrees.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
328. Thecentreofpressureofanaerofoilisthatpointonthecordline.
OptionA.
whichmovesmost,withchangesinangleofattack,ifthesectionissymmetrical.
OptionB.
atwhichthehighestpressureissaidtoact.
OptionC.
atwhichtheliftforcesresultantissaidtoact.
CorrectAnsweris. atwhichtheliftforcesresultantissaidtoact.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
329. Themainrotorassemblyofahelicopterprovides.
OptionA.
bothliftandhorizontalthrust.
OptionB.
lift,acomponentofwhichishorizontalsothrustisobtained.
OptionC.
lift,butanunbalancedcomponentinthedirectionofflightmovestheaircraftforward.
CorrectAnsweris. lift,acomponentofwhichishorizontalsothrustisobtained.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
330. Anadvantageofthesymmetricalsectionbladesusedonhelicoptersisthat.
OptionA.
themovementofthecentreofpressurewithchangesoftheangleofattackisgreaterthanthatofafixedwing.
OptionB.
thecentreofpressuremovesforwardwithchangesinangleofattack.
OptionC.
thepositionofthefeatheraxisandthecentreofpressureandcentreofgravitycoincide,providingstability.
CorrectAnsweris. thepositionofthefeatheraxisandthecentreofpressureandcentreofgravitycoincide,providingstability.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
331. Whichpartoftherotordiscproducesthemostliftduringforwardflight?.
OptionA.
Themidspanportion.
OptionB.
Thefrontportion.
OptionC.
Therearportion.
CorrectAnsweris. Thefrontportion.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
332. Theaerofoilshapeofamainrotorbladeissymmetricalinordertomakethebladehave.
OptionA.
thehighestpossibleliftcoefficientwhenhovering.
OptionB.
thebestpossibleautorotativecharacteristics.
OptionC.
arelativelystablecentreofpressurepositionwithchangesinangleofattack.
CorrectAnsweris. arelativelystablecentreofpressurepositionwithchangesinangleofattack.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
333. Aspectratioistheratioofthe.
OptionA.
discdiametertothechord.
OptionB.
bladechordtothediscarea.
OptionC.
bladespantothechord.
CorrectAnsweris. bladespantothechord.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
334. Discloadingisdefinedasthe.
OptionA.
ratioofgrossweighttodiscarea.
OptionB.
ratioofbladeareatodiscarea.
OptionC.
ratioofgrossweighttototalbladearea.
CorrectAnsweris. ratioofgrossweighttodiscarea.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
335. Ahelicopterhasamainrotorwhichrotatesanticlockwiseviewedfromabove.Whathappensifalossof
antitorquedeviceatcruisespeedinflight?.
OptionA.
Nosepitchesupslightly+yawtoright.
OptionB.
Nosepitchesupslightly+yawtoleft.
OptionC.
Noappreciablechange.
CorrectAnsweris. Nosepitchesupslightly+yawtoright.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
336. Overpitchcauses.
OptionA.
anincreaseinRPM.
OptionB.
areductioninRPM.
OptionC.
bladestoconeup.
CorrectAnsweris. bladestoconeup.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
337. Ashroudedtailrotor.
OptionA.
reducesneedforcyclicfeathering.
OptionB.
givescontrolinpitchandyaw.
OptionC.
hasincreasedairflowsoyawcanbecontrolledbytherudder.
CorrectAnsweris. reducesneedforcyclicfeathering.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
338. Inahelicopterwithitsmainrotorturninganticlockwise,whichwaydoestheaircrafttendtodrift?.
OptionA.
Portiftailrotorismountedontheright.
OptionB.
Starboard,irrespectiveofwhichsidethetailrotorismountedon.
OptionC.
Portiftailrotorismountedontheleft.
CorrectAnsweris. Starboard,irrespectiveofwhichsidethetailrotorismountedon.
Explanation. NIL.
08.4.FlightStabilityandDynamics.
QuestionNumber.
1.
Dihedralwingscombatinstabilityin.
OptionA.
yaw.
OptionB.
sideslip.
OptionC.
pitch.
CorrectAnsweris. sideslip.
Explanation. Astheaircraftsideslips,thereisagreaterangleofattackonthelowerwingwhichincreaseslift,straightenstheaircraft
andstopsthesideslip.
QuestionNumber.
2.
Anaircraft,whichislongitudinallystable,willtendtoreturntolevelflightafteramovementinwhich
axis?.
OptionA.
Pitch.
OptionB.
Yaw.
OptionC.
Roll.
CorrectAnsweris. Pitch.
Explanation. Longitudinalstabilityisstabilityaboutthepitchaxis.
QuestionNumber.
3.
Thenormalaxisofanaircraftpassesthrough.
OptionA.
thecentreofgravity.
OptionB.
apointatthecentreofthewings.
OptionC.
atthecentreofpressure.
CorrectAnsweris. thecentreofgravity.
Explanation. Alltheaxisoftheaircraft(normal,longitudinalandlateral)passthroughthecentreofgravity.
QuestionNumber.
4.
Duetothechangeindownwashonanuntaperedwing(i.e.oneofconstantchordlength)itwill.
OptionA.
notprovideanydampingeffectwhenrolling.
OptionB.
notsufferadverseyaweffectswhenturning.
OptionC.
tendtostallfirstattheroot.
CorrectAnsweris. tendtostallfirstattheroot.
Explanation. Thechangeindownwashiscausedbythewingtipvortices,whichhasalesseraffectinboardthanitdoesatthetip.The
downwashreducestheeffectiveangleofattack(moresoatthetip).Thiscausestherootofthewingtostallbeforethetip.
QuestionNumber.
5.
Correctingforadisturbancewhichhascausedarollingmotionaboutthelongitudinalaxiswould
reestablishwhichofthefollowing?.
OptionA.
Lateralstability.
OptionB.
Longitudinalstability.
OptionC.
Directionalstability.
CorrectAnsweris. Lateralstability.
Explanation. Theaircraft'sresponsetorollingislateralstability.
QuestionNumber.
6.
Porpoisingisanoscillatorymotioninthe.
OptionA.
yawplane.
OptionB.
rollplane.
OptionC.
pitchplane.
CorrectAnsweris. pitchplane.
Explanation. Porpoisingisanoscillatorymotioninpitch,aboutthelateralaxis.
QuestionNumber.
7.
Directionalstabilityismaintained.
OptionA.
bythetailplane,andcontrolledbytheelevators.
OptionB.
bythekeelsurfaceandfin,andcontrolledbytherudder.
OptionC.
bythemainplanes,andcontrolledbytheailerons.
CorrectAnsweris. bythekeelsurfaceandfin,andcontrolledbytherudder.
Explanation. Directionalstabilityismaintainedbythekeelsurfaceandthefinandcontrolledbytherudder.
QuestionNumber.
8.
Longitudinalstabilityisgivenby.
OptionA.
thefin.
OptionB.
thewingdihedral.
OptionC.
thehorizontaltailplane.
CorrectAnsweris. thehorizontaltailplane.
Explanation. Thehorizontalstabilizer(tailplane)provideslongitudinalstability.
QuestionNumber.
9.
Lateralstabilityisgivenby.
OptionA.
thehorizontaltailplane.
OptionB.
theailerons.
OptionC.
thewingdihedral.
CorrectAnsweris. thewingdihedral.
Explanation. Thewingdihedralprovideslateralstability.
QuestionNumber.
10.
Stabilityaboutthelateralaxisisgivenby.
OptionA.
theailerons.
OptionB.
thehorizontaltailplane.
OptionC.
wingdihedral.
CorrectAnsweris. thehorizontaltailplane.
Explanation. Stabilityaboutthelateralaxisislongitudinalstability.Thehorizontalstabilizer(tailplane)provideslongitudinal
stability.
QuestionNumber.
11.
Sweepbackofthewingswill.
OptionA.
decreaselateralstability.
OptionB.
notaffectthelateralstability.
OptionC.
increaselateralstability.
CorrectAnsweris. increaselateralstability.
Explanation. Whenanaircraftrolls,itsideslips.AsideslippingaircraftwithsweepbackhasahigherARontheleadingwingthan
thanithasonthetrailingwing.TheliftisgreateronahigherARwing,soitcorrectstheroll.(10degreesofsweepbackhasthesame
effectas1degreeofdihedral).
QuestionNumber.
12.
DutchRollis.
OptionA.
primarilyapitchinginstability.
OptionB.
acombinedrollingandyawingmotion.
OptionC.
atypeofslowroll.
CorrectAnsweris. acombinedrollingandyawingmotion.
Explanation. Dutchroleisacombinationofroleandyaw.
QuestionNumber.
13.
Ahighwingpositiongives.
OptionA.
morelateralstabilitythanalowwing.
OptionB.
lesslateralstabilitythanalowwing.
OptionC.
thesamelateralstabilityasalowwing.
CorrectAnsweris. morelateralstabilitythanalowwing.
Explanation. Thependulumeffectproducedbythefuselageofahighwingaircraftprovidesmorelateralstability.
QuestionNumber.
14.
Directionalstabilitymaybeincreasedwith.
OptionA.
pitchdampers.
OptionB.
hornbalance.
OptionC.
yawdampers.
CorrectAnsweris. yawdampers.
Explanation. Yawdampersincreasedirectionalstability.
QuestionNumber.
15.
Lateralstabilitymaybeincreasedwith.
OptionA.
increasedlateraldihedral.
OptionB.
increasedlateralanhedral.
OptionC.
increasedlongitudinaldihedral.
CorrectAnsweris. increasedlateraldihedral.
Explanation. Lateraldihedralincreaseslateralstability.(BTW:Longitudinaldihedralisthedifferencebetweenmainplaneand
tailplaneanglesofincidence).
QuestionNumber.
16.
Longitudinalstabilityisincreasedifthe.
OptionA.
CGisforwardoftheCP.
OptionB.
Thrustactsonalinebelowthetotaldrag.
OptionC.
CPmovesforwardoftheCG.
CorrectAnsweris. CGisforwardoftheCP.
Explanation. IftheCGisforwardoftheCPitwillhaveanosedowntendencywhichmakestheaircraftlesslikelytostalland
thereforeitwillhavemorelongitudinalstability.
QuestionNumber.
17.
Directionalstabilityisaboutthe.
OptionA.
lateralaxis.
OptionB.
longitudinalaxis.
OptionC.
normalaxis.
CorrectAnsweris. normalaxis.
Explanation. Directionalstabilityisstabilityaboutthenormalaxis.
QuestionNumber.
18.
Lateralstabilityisaboutthe.
OptionA.
longitudinalaxis.
OptionB.
normalaxis.
OptionC.
verticalaxis.
CorrectAnsweris. longitudinalaxis.
Explanation. Lateralstabilityisstabilityaboutthelongitudinalaxis.
QuestionNumber.
19.
Longitudinalstabilityisprovidedbythe.
OptionA.
horizontalstabilizer.
OptionB.
verticalstabilizer.
OptionC.
mainplane.
CorrectAnsweris. horizontalstabilizer.
Explanation. Longitudinalstabilityisprovidedbythehorizontalstabiliser(tailplane).
QuestionNumber.
20.
Iftheaircraftturnsandsideslips.
OptionA.
thesweepbackofthewingwillcorrectthesideslip.
OptionB.
thekeelsurfacewillcorrectthesideslip.
OptionC.
thedihedralofthewingwillcorrectthesideslip.
CorrectAnsweris. thedihedralofthewingwillcorrectthesideslip.
Explanation.
http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/axes33.htm
QuestionNumber.
21.
Anaircraftdisturbedfromitsnormalflightpath,andautomaticallyreturnstothatnormalflightpath,
withoutanyactiononthepartofthepilotisknownas.
OptionA.
aircraftstall.
OptionB.
aircraftinstability.
OptionC.
aircraftstability.
CorrectAnsweris. aircraftstability.
Explanation. Stabilityistheaircraft'sabilityfortheaircrafttoreturntoitsnormalflightpathafterbeingdisturbed.
QuestionNumber.
22.
Thefingivesstabilityaboutwhichaxis?.
OptionA.
Longitudinalaxis.
OptionB.
Lateralaxis.
OptionC.
Normalaxis.
CorrectAnsweris. Normalaxis.
Explanation. Thefingivesstabilityaboutthenormalaxis.
QuestionNumber.
23.
Ifthenoseoftheaircraftisrotatedaboutitslateralaxis,whatisitsdirectionalmovement?.
OptionA.
Rollingorbankingtotheleftorright.
OptionB.
Turningtotheleftorright.
OptionC.
Climbingordiving.
CorrectAnsweris. Climbingordiving.
Explanation. Foranaircrafttoclimbordiveitmustberotatedabouttslateralaxis.
QuestionNumber.
24.
Thefunctionofanaircraftfin.
OptionA.
istoprovidedirectionalcontrol.
OptionB.
istoprovidestraightairflowacrosstherudder.
OptionC.
istoprovidestabilityaboutthenormalaxis.
CorrectAnsweris. istoprovidestabilityaboutthenormalaxis.
Explanation. Thefunctionoftheaircraftfinistoprovidestabilityaboutthenormalaxis.
QuestionNumber.
25.
Movementofanaircraftaboutitsnormalaxis.
OptionA.
isrolling.
OptionB.
isyawing.
OptionC.
ispitching.
CorrectAnsweris. isyawing.
Explanation. yawing'ismovementoftheaircraftaboutitsnormalaxis.
QuestionNumber.
26.
If,afteradisturbance,anaeroplaneinitiallyreturnstoitsequilibriumstate.
OptionA.
ithasneutralstability.
OptionB.
ithasstaticstabilityandmaybedynamicallystable.
OptionC.
itisneutrallyunstable.
CorrectAnsweris. ithasstaticstabilityandmaybedynamicallystable.
Explanation. Staticstabilityiswhenanaircraftreturnstoitsequilibrium(trimmed)state.Dynamicstabilityistheabilityofthe
aircrafttoopposethedisturbance.
QuestionNumber.
27.
Stabilityofanaircraftis.
OptionA.
thetendencyoftheaircrafttoreturntoitsoriginaltrimmedpositionafterhavingbeendisplaced.
OptionB.
thetendencyoftheaircrafttostallatlowairspeed.
OptionC.
theabilityoftheaircrafttorotateaboutanaxis.
CorrectAnsweris. thetendencyoftheaircrafttoreturntoitsoriginaltrimmedpositionafterhavingbeendisplaced.
Explanation. Stabilityisthetendencyfortheaircrafttoreturntoitsoriginalpositionafterbeingdisplaced.
QuestionNumber.
28.
Thethreeaxesconcernedwithstabilityofanaircrafthave.
OptionA.
normalaxisthroughCofG.Lateralaxiswingtiptowingtip.LongitudinalaxisnosetotailbutnotthroughCofG.
OptionB.
longitudinal,lateralandnormalaxisallpassingthroughaircraftcentreofgravity.
OptionC.
longitudinalaxisnosetotail,lateralaxisatfurthestspanpoint,normalaxisthroughcentreofpressure.
CorrectAnsweris. longitudinal,lateralandnormalaxisallpassingthroughaircraftcentreofgravity.
Explanation. Thelongitudinal,lateralandnormalaxisallpassthroughtheaircraft'scentreofgravity.
QuestionNumber.
29.
Ifanaircraftreturnstoapositionofequilibriumitissaidtobe.
OptionA.
positivelystable.
OptionB.
neutrallystable.
OptionC.
negativelystable.
CorrectAnsweris. positivelystable.
Explanation. Ifanaircraftispositivelystableitwillreturntoitstrimmedposition.
QuestionNumber.
30.
Thependulumeffectonahighwingaircraft.
OptionA.
hasnoeffectonlateralstability.
OptionB.
increaseslateralstability.
OptionC.
decreaseslateralstability.
CorrectAnsweris. increaseslateralstability.
Explanation. Pendulumeffectonahighwingaircraftincreaseslateralstability.
QuestionNumber.
31.
Afteradisturbanceinpitch,anaircraftcontinuestooscillateatconstantamplitude.Itis.
OptionA.
longitudinallyunstable.
OptionB.
longitudinallyneutrallystable.
OptionC.
laterallyunstable.
CorrectAnsweris. longitudinallyneutrallystable.
Explanation. Ifanaircraftoscillatesinpitchwithouttheoscillationsincreasingordecreasingitislongitudinallyneutrallystable.
QuestionNumber.
32.
Onanaircraftwithanallmovingtailplanenoseuppitchiscausedby.
OptionA.
decreasingtailplaneincidence.
OptionB.
increasingtailplaneincidence.
OptionC.
upmovementofthetrimtab.
CorrectAnsweris. decreasingtailplaneincidence.
Explanation. Tomakethenosepitchup,thetailplanedownloadmustbeincreased.Thisisdonebydecreasingitsincidence(or
increasingitsnegativeincidence).
QuestionNumber.
33.
Whatgivestheaircraftdirectionalstability?.
OptionA.
Verticalstabiliser.
OptionB.
Elevators.
OptionC.
Horizontalstabiliser.
CorrectAnsweris. Verticalstabiliser.
Explanation. Theverticalstabilisergivestheaircraftdirectionalstability.
QuestionNumber.
34.
Inflightiftheaircraftnosegetsanupwardgustofwind,whatcharacteristicwillhavethegreatesteffect
tocounteractit?.
OptionA.
WingSweep.
OptionB.
Horizontalstabiliserandfuselagelength.
OptionC.
Positionofthecentreofpressurerelativetothecentreofgravity.
CorrectAnsweris. Horizontalstabiliserandfuselagelength.
Explanation. LongitudinalstabilityiseffectedmainlybythestabiliserandlengthoffuselagebehindtheCofG.
QuestionNumber.
35.
Tocorrectdutchrollyoumustdamposcillationaround:.
OptionA.
thelongitudinalaxis.
OptionB.
thelateralaxis.
OptionC.
theverticalaxis.
CorrectAnsweris. theverticalaxis.
Explanation. DutchRollisafigureofeightoscillationaroundtheverticalaxis.
QuestionNumber.
36.
Anelevatortrimtabisusedto.
OptionA.
counteractpropellertorque.
OptionB.
preventthecontrolsurfacefromstallingtheairflow.
OptionC.
reducecontrolcolumnforcesonthepilot.
CorrectAnsweris. reducecontrolcolumnforcesonthepilot.
Explanation. SeeACKermodeChapter9.
QuestionNumber.
37.
Ahighwingaircraftwillbemore.
OptionA.
laterallystablethanalowwingaircraft.
OptionB.
longitudinallystablethanalowwingaircraft.
OptionC.
directionallystablethanalowwingaircraft.
CorrectAnsweris. laterallystablethanalowwingaircraft.
Explanation. Duetopendulumeffectofthefuselage,ahighwingaircraftwillbemorelaterallystablethanalowwingaircraft.
QuestionNumber.
38.
Afteranaircrafthasbeendisturbedfromitsstraightandlevelflight,itreturnstoitsoriginalattitude
withasmallamountofdecreasingoscillation.Theaircraftis.
OptionA.
staticallystablebutdynamicallyunstable.
OptionB.
staticallyunstablebutdynamicallystable.
OptionC.
staticallystableanddynamicallystable.
CorrectAnsweris. staticallystableanddynamicallystable.
Explanation. Staticstabilityistheabilityoftheaircrafttoreturntoitsuntrimmedposition.Dynamicstabilityistheabilityofthe
aircrafttonotoscillateaboutthetrimmedposition.
QuestionNumber.
39.
Ifthereisanincreaseofdensity,whateffectwouldtherebeinaerodynamicdampening?.
OptionA.
Decreased.
OptionB.
Increased.
OptionC.
None.
CorrectAnsweris. Increased.
Explanation. Flightforces(andhenceaerodynamicdampening)areallincreasedwithincreasingdensity.
QuestionNumber.
40.
Yawingisarotationaround.
OptionA.
thelateralaxisobtainedbytherudder.
OptionB.
thenormalaxisobtainedbytherudder.
OptionC.
thenormalaxisobtainedbytheelevator.
CorrectAnsweris. thenormalaxisobtainedbytherudder.
Explanation. Yawingisrotationaroundthenormalaxisobtainedbytherudder.
QuestionNumber.
41.
Lateralstabilityisreducedbyincreasing.
OptionA.
dihedral.
OptionB.
sweepback.
OptionC.
anhedral.
CorrectAnsweris. anhedral.
Explanation. Anhedralisadownwardandoutwardinclinationofthewing.Itisoppositetodihedral.
QuestionNumber.
42.
Azimuthstabilityisdependenton.
OptionA.
dihedral.
OptionB.
keelandfin.
OptionC.
tailplane.
CorrectAnsweris. keelandfin.
Explanation. Azimuthisafancywordfor'direction'.
QuestionNumber.
43.
Sweepbackofthewingswill.
OptionA.
increaselateralstabilityathighspeedsonly.
OptionB.
notaffectlateralstability.
OptionC.
increaselateralstabilityatallspeeds.
CorrectAnsweris. increaselateralstabilityatallspeeds.
Explanation. 10degreesofsweepbackprovidesthesameeffectas1degreeofdihedral.
QuestionNumber.
44.
Ifyouhaveanaircraftthatismorelaterallystablethendirectionallystableitwilltendto:.
OptionA.
bank.
OptionB.
slip.
OptionC.
skid.
CorrectAnsweris. skid.
Explanation. Skiddingoutofturnsissymptomaticofdutchroll,extraverticalstabilisersareoftenaddedtocorrectthis(Nimrod
MR2).
QuestionNumber.
45.
Acentreofgravitypositionclosetoitsaftlimitwillcausetheaircraftto.
OptionA.
pitchnosedownandincreaseitslongitudinalstability.
OptionB.
pitchnoseupanddecreaseitslongitudinalstability.
OptionC.
pitchnoseupandincreaseitslongitudinalstability.
CorrectAnsweris. pitchnoseupanddecreaseitslongitudinalstability.
Explanation. ACKermodepage145statesthatapitchupwillincreaseAOAandfurtherdestabilisetheaircraft.
QuestionNumber.
46.
Asharplysweptwingwillpromote.
OptionA.
excessivelateralinstability.
OptionB.
excessivelongitudinalstability.
OptionC.
excessivelateralstability.
CorrectAnsweris. excessivelateralstability.
Explanation. Sweptwingfighteraircraftoftenhaveanhedraltopromotegreaterrollrate,whichisneededduetoexcessivestability.
QuestionNumber.
47.
Whichcontrolsurfacesprovidelateralcontrol,alsolongitudinalcontrolandstability?.
OptionA.
Ruddervators.
OptionB.
Tailerons.
OptionC.
Flapperons.
CorrectAnsweris. Tailerons.
Explanation. TaileronsareallmovingtailplanesasfittedtotheTornado".
QuestionNumber.
48.
If,afteradisturbance,anaeroplaneinitiallyreturnstoitsequilibriumstate.
OptionA.
ithasneutralstability.
OptionB.
ithasstaticstabilityandmaybedynamicallystable.
OptionC.
itisneutrallyunstable.
CorrectAnsweris. ithasstaticstabilityandmaybedynamicallystable.
Explanation. Questionsaysnothingaboutovershootingandoscillating,soitcouldbedynamicallyunstable,eventhoughitis
staticallystable.
QuestionNumber.
49.
Yawdampersaredesignedto.
OptionA.
preventdutchroll.
OptionB.
assistthepilottomovetherudder.
OptionC.
reducetheeffectofcrabbingduetocrosswinds.
CorrectAnsweris. preventdutchroll.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
50.
Tuckunderoccurswhen.
OptionA.
ashockstalloccursontheoutboardportionofsweptwing.
OptionB.
ashockstallwarningoccursontheinboardpositionofastraightwing.
OptionC.
theaircraftreachesMcrit.
CorrectAnsweris. theaircraftreachesMcrit.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
51.
Thelateralaxisis.
OptionA.
astraightlinethroughtheCGatrightanglestothelongitudinalandlateralaxis.
OptionB.
astraightlinethroughtheCGfromnosetotail.
OptionC.
astraightlinethroughtheCGparalleltoalinejoiningthewingtips.
CorrectAnsweris. astraightlinethroughtheCGparalleltoalinejoiningthewingtips.
Explanation. AstraightlinethroughtheCGparalleltoalinejoiningthewingtip.
QuestionNumber.
52.
Themainfactorswhichaffectlongitudinalstabilityare.
OptionA.
designofthefuselageandpositionoftheCG.
OptionB.
designofthemainplaneandpositionoftheCG.
OptionC.
designofthetailplaneandpositionoftheCG.
CorrectAnsweris. designofthetailplaneandpositionoftheCG.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
53.
AyawingmotionprovideswhatkindofStability?.
OptionA.
Directional.
OptionB.
Lateral.
OptionC.
Longitudinal.
CorrectAnsweris. Directional.
Explanation. Yawingisdirectionalstability.
QuestionNumber.
54.
Wherewouldyoufindthenormalaxis?.
OptionA.
ThroughCofGatrightanglestolongitudinalandlateralaxis.
OptionB.
VerticallythroughCofP.
OptionC.
InlinewiththewingtipsthroughCofG.
CorrectAnsweris. ThroughCofGatrightanglestolongitudinalandlateralaxis.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
55.
Whenaaircraftisinaslideslipandisyawingthe.
OptionA.
thefinwillcorrecttheyawingmotion.
OptionB.
theeffectivekeelareawillmaketheacyawfurtherintothedirectionofthesideslip.
OptionC.
thedihedralwillpreventtheyawmotion.
CorrectAnsweris. theeffectivekeelareawillmaketheacyawfurtherintothedirectionofthesideslip.
Explanation. Page290MechanicsofFlightKermode.
QuestionNumber.
56.
AsaconsequenceoftheCofGbeingclosetoitsaftlimit.
OptionA.
thestickforcestomanoeuvrelongitudinallywillbelowduetolowstability.
OptionB.
thestickforceswillbehighinforeandaftpitch,duetothehighlongitudinalstability.
OptionC.
thestickforceswhenpitchingthenosedownwillbeveryhigh.
CorrectAnsweris. thestickforceswhenpitchingthenosedownwillbeveryhigh.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
57.
WiththeCofGonitsforwardlimit.
OptionA.
thechangeincontrolloadingisdependantonthepositionoftheCofP.
OptionB.
controlloadingdecreases.
OptionC.
controlloadingincreases.
CorrectAnsweris. controlloadingincreases.
Explanation. NIL.
08.5.
QuestionNumber.
1.
A'slug'isaunitof.
OptionA.
mass.
OptionB.
density.
OptionC.
volume.
CorrectAnsweris. mass.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
2.
Anundercarriageleginflightproduces3lbsofdragat100kts.Ifspeedisincreasedto200ktsthedrag
wouldbe.
OptionA.
12lbs.
OptionB.
9lbs.
OptionC.
6lbs.
CorrectAnsweris. 12lbs.
Explanation. ProfiledragriseswithVsquared.
QuestionNumber.
3.
Astallwarningdevicemustbesettooperate.
OptionA.
ataspeedjustabovestallingspeed.
OptionB.
ataspeedjustbelowstallingspeed.
OptionC.
atthestallingspeed.
CorrectAnsweris. ataspeedjustabovestallingspeed.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
4.
Incruisetheweightofanaeroplaneisdecreasingasfuelisused.Astallwouldoccur.
OptionA.
atalowerspeed.
OptionB.
atthesamespeed.
OptionC.
atahigherspeed.
CorrectAnsweris. atalowerspeed.
Explanation. Stallspeedincreaseswithincreasingweight.
QuestionNumber.
5.
Thepurposeof'streamlining'istoreduce.
OptionA.
profiledrag.
OptionB.
skinfrictiondrag.
OptionC.
induceddrag.
CorrectAnsweris. profiledrag.
Explanation. NIL.
QuestionNumber.
6.
Asheightincreases,withangleofattackandspeedconstant.
OptionA.
liftwillremainconstant.
OptionB.
liftIncreases.
OptionC.
liftdecreases.
CorrectAnsweris. liftdecreases.
Explanation. Thatiswhyagreaterangleofattackisrequiredathigheraltitude.