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Introduction
Cylindrical charge
Spherical charge
Problem :
Experimental data are not available close to the explosive (<1m).
Experimental data are available only for given shapes (spherical,
hemispherical, ) and given explosives (TNT, C4, )
Challenge : Modeling blast wave in close range, with a FEM code,
without sofisticated models (combustion, turbulences, real gas, ).
1) Check the JWL law for TNT.
2) Check RADIOSS simulations vs Literature (Kingery, Kinney-Graham,
Baker, Autodyn, Blast X, CONWEP,).
Table of content
Check the ability of modelling the detonation of high explosives (TNT) with
RADIOSS (JWL).
Check the ability of modelling the blast wave propagation in air (perfect
gaz) with RADIOSS (2D axisym. Eulerian). Comparison with experiments
and scaling laws (CONWEP, Kinney-Graham, )
Comparison with AUTODYN 2D.
Application to the detonation in air of cylindrical charge (L/D = 1).
Conclusion and perspectives.
TNT : C7H5O6N3
CJ state
Dobratz 85
Kury 97 1.a
Kury 97 1.b
Kury 1997 2.a
Kury 1997 2.b
Souers kury 1993
CJ
2.727
2.855
2.855
2.871
2.871
2.979
DCJ km/s
6.930
6.849
6.849
6.930
6.930
7.070
R1 V
R2 V E
e
e
P A 1
B 1
R1 V
R2 V
V
A, B, R1, R2 and are the model parameters, V is the density ratio 0/, E the internal energy
per unit volume of explosive (E=0eint).
JWL param.
A GPa
B GPa
R1
R2
E0 Gpa
V CJ
P CJ
Dobratz 1985
371.21
3.23
0.3
4.15
0.95
0.731
19.9
Dobratz 1981
Kury 1997 1.a
Kury 1997 1.b
Kury 1997 2.a
Kury 1997 2.b
Souers et kury 1993
373.8
673.1
3394.889
673.1
3394.889
524.4089
3.747
21.988
63.7085
25.1735
70.9736
4.900052
0.35
0.3
0.6
0.3
0.6
0.23
4.15
5.4
8.3
5.4
8.3
4.579
0.9
1.8
2.8
1.8
2.8
0.85
6
7
7
7
7
7.1
0.731
0.741
0.741
0.742
0.742
0.744
19.7
18.7
17.9
19.3
18.5
20.0
explosive
300 mm
15.24 mm
u(t)
12.7 mm
BCS/110
z
DETPOIN
The analytical PCJ calculated by the EOS JWL, using Dobratz parameters is
199 kBar.
The Radioss computed peak pressure reaches 194.8 kBar (for H/L=8).
-2.2% of relative error with 5000 elts.
The DCJ velocity is well reproduced (err<1%).
But the peak pressure is flattened.
But the pressure pulse is about three time longer than in 2D.
2011 European HyperWorks Technology Conference, 7-9 November, Bonn
BCS/110
z
DETPOIN
The calculed PCJ by the EOS JWL, using Dobratz parameters is 199 kBar.
The DCJ velocity is well reproduced (err<1%).
The Radioss computed peak pressure reaches 193.1 kBar for H/L=8.
-3.0% of relative error with 5000 elts along z axis (40 000 elts).
Peak pressure and time duration are realistic (few s).
Radioss is able to handle the JWL in a rod.
BCS/010000
PCJ
.. ..
... . .
/MAT/EUL/1.0
BCS/001011
0,18
P max MBar
DETPOIN (BCS/111000)
0,16
Nb elem
0,14
4500
0,12
30000
50000
0,1
112500
nb elem
4500
30000
50000
112500
Pcj
0.199
0.199
0.199
0.199
Pcalc
0.158
0.165
0.166
0.172
%err
-20.6
-17.1
-16.6
-13.6
0,08
0
4
6
abscisse cm
10
P (Mbar)
PCJ
BCS/010000
/MAT/EUL/1.0
BCS/001011
kur2b
kur2a
DETPOIN
kur1b
kur1a
sou93
dob81
dob85
Dobratz 1985
Dobratz 1981
Kury 1997 1.a
Kury 1997 1.b
Kury 1997 2.a
Kury 1997 2.b
Souers 1993
PCJ Pcalc
0.1990 0.1647
0.1970 0.1648
0.1874 0.1515
0.1792 0.1415
0.1931 0.1587
0.1849 0.1566
0.2004 0.162
%err
-17.1
-16.4
-19.2
-21.0
-17.8
-15.3
-19.2
abscisse mm
10
Variable
Value
1.225e-03 g/cm3
1.4
1.5e-5 cm/s
Ref. Temp.
288 K
E0
2.5e-03 kbar
Specific Heat
0.000718 kJ/gK
C0 = 340 m/s
P0 = 1 atm
11
P(t)
Time
~2 ms
Time of
arrival
Duration
td+
Duration
td-
12
13
without
UPWIND
supg=1
supg=0.5
12
271.4
392.9
395.8
24
106
130.6
48
34.7
96
7.6
Reduced
dist.
cm/kg1/3
without
UPWIND
supg=0.1
supg=0.05
367.5
382.2
390.1
394.8
396.8
130.7
125.5
127.7
129.7
130.6
130.8
45.1
45.3
42.4
43.7
44.4
45.1
45.1
10.4
10.5
9.6
10.1
10.2
10.4
10.5
Tg=1
Tg=0.5
supg=0.2
Tg=0.2
Tg=0.1
Tg=0.05
supg=0.02
Tg=0.02
supg=0.01
Tg=0.01
12
271.3
392.9
395.8
397.4
397.7
398.4
398.4
398.4
24
106.6
130.6
130.7
131
131.2
131.2
131.2
131.2
48
34.7
45.1
45
45.5
45.5
45.5
45.6
err
96
7.6
10.4
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
err
Same results
Overpressure (Bar)
400
350
Radioss 2D
300
Kinney-Graham
250
Autodyn 2D
200
CONWEP
150
100
50
0
0
50
100
150
200
15
2500
Radioss
2000
Kinney-Graham
1500
CONWEP
1000
500
0
0
50
100
150
200
Good agreement in close range but diffusion when mesh is growing (far range)
2011 European HyperWorks Technology Conference, 7-9 November, Bonn
16
5000
4500
Radioss
4000
3500
Kinney-Graham
CONWEP
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0
50
100
150
200
17
Impluse (bar.ms)
700
600
Radioss
Kinney-Graham
500
CONWEP
autodyn 2D
Baker
Blastx
400
300
200
100
0
0
50
100
150
200
18
Cylindrical charge
Radioss is in agreements with exp. for blast waves from spherical
detonation of TNT.
What about blast waves from cylindrical charges (land mines, ) ?
Experiments with emulsion (Simoens et al 2010)
L/D = 1
Lateral blast wave (torical)
Bridge wave
End blast wave
(Ismail et al 1993)
19
Experiments vs simulations
Cylindrical charge of emulsion L/D =1
x
L/D=1, 110cm
Experiments
20
Experiments vs Simulations
21
Conclusion
Radioss is able to handle JWL law (err < 1% in 1D).
Discrepancies are persisting due to the modeling (perfect gas, no
turbulence, no instabilities, simple detonation law JWL, no grain size
effects, no partial detonation, ), but not more 18 % vs Kinney-Graham.
Radioss also gives orders of magnitudes and tendencies in agreements
with experiments in the case of a cylindrical detonation in air (L/D=1), for :
Pmax
Time of arrival
Duration time
Positive impulse
Radioss results are comparable with Autodyn.
22
Perspectives
Considere real gas in Radioss.
Compare with Polytropic law, Lee Tarver, Sesame laws also available in
RADIOSS.
Compare with other explosives (C4, HMX, RDX, PETN, ).
Implement another detonation law ? (BKW, )
Try other cylindrical configuration (L/D = 8,3).
Deduce a local TNT equivalent from experiments.
23
Any Questions ?
24
About detonations
Conservation of mass:
0u0 1u1
Conservation of momentum:
p0 0 u02 p1 1u12
Conservation of energy:
u02
u12
h0
h1
2
2
25
About detonations
p1 p0
02u02 12u12 m 2
0 1
ZND
point
26
Is
Z 2
808 1
4.5
Z
1
0.048
Z
1
0.32
Z
0.067 1
0.23
Z
Z 2 3 1
1.55
Z
1
1.35
Patm
td
1
W3
10
980 1
0.54
3
6
2
Z
Z
Z
1
1
1
0.02
0.74
6.9
27