Lecture-4 - Energy Efficiency in Buildings

03-02-2016
AR L2418 DESIGN OF GREEN BUILDINGS
5
Cooling Techniques
4
3
Daylighting and Solar Techniques
How to use Energy Efficiently?
2
Energy Use in Buildings
1
What is Energy & Efficiency?
A lecture by Ar. Sachin Harry
INTRODUCTION
What is Energy?
Energy is the ability to do work.
Energy can neither be created nor be
destroyed but can be transformed from one
form to another.
Energy sources are
Renewable and Non-Renewable
Non-Renewable sources cause pollution
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INTRODUCTION
What is Efficiency?
CAMBRIDGE Advanced Learners Dictionary states
when someone or something uses time and

energy well, without wasting any.
SPECIALIZED the difference between the amount
of energy that is put into a machine in the
form of fuel, effort, etc. and the amount that
comes out of it in the form of movement.
ENERGY USE IN BUILDINGS

An estimated two-thirds of the commercial and
high-rise residential structures that will be
standing in India in 2030 have yet to be built*.
Buildings already consume 30% of Indias energy.
That puts India at a critical juncture as it seeks
new ways to power its growing economy, and
resolve its existing, chronic energy shortages.
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The Indian government is looking for answers
everywhere, planning hundreds of new coal-fired
power plants, nuclear power plants*, hydroelectric
dams, and expanding solar power^ and other
renewable energy sources~.
But the cheapest, cleanest, and fastest way for India to
bring power to people who need it is energy efficiency.
efficiency
According to McKinsey & Company, India can save $42
billion every year just by reducing energy waste in
buildings.

Distribution of Energy Use in Buildings
30%
40%
30%
Electric Lighting
Heating and Cooling
Other
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HOW TO USE ENERGY EFFICIENTLY?

Energy efficiency is using less energy to
provide the same service.
Major use of energy in buildings are through
Lighting, Heating and Cooling.
Therefore, in order to use energy efficiently it
is important to design the building climate
responsive and also incorporate new as well
as time-tested solar techniques.
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Some passive design strategies has to be adopted to
optimise building design that controls heat gain and
allows maximum natural light
Optimum orientation;
Internal space arrangement (thermal buffer zone);
Allocation of building openings (least insolation*);
Sizing of openings (limitation of window-wall-ratio and
skylight-roof-ratio);
Appropriate shading design (facade shading and
fenestration shading); and
Adequate daylighting.
* Insolation = Incident Solar Radiation

Energy Efficiency in buildings
Daylighting
Solar techniques
Active Solar
Passive Solar
Cooling Techniques
Active Cooling
Passive Cooling
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DAYLIGHTING
The daylighted area is the daylight
illuminated floor area under horizontal
fenestration (skylight) or adjacent to
vertical fenestration (window).
BASIC DAYLIGHTING STRATEGIES

1. Orientation
For daylighting,
when winter heat
is desirable, use
south-facing
glazing.
when winter heat
not desirable, use
north-facing
glazing.
without summer
overheating or
severe glare,
avoid east and
west glazing.
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2. Lighting through the roof
Except for the use of light wells, only one storey or the top floor of multistorey buildings can use overhead openings.
Advantages
Uniform illumination over very large interior areas, while windows its 15 ft. limit.
Horizontal openings receive more light than vertical openings.
Disadvantages
It can trap heat in summers.
Shading horizontal openings is more difficult than vertical openings.
CLERESTORY

2. Lighting through the roof
Therefore, its more appropriate to use vertical
openings on the roof in the form of clerestory
windows, monitors, or saw tooth arrangements.
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3. Form
The form of the
building not only
determines the mix of
vertical and horizontal
openings that is
possible, but also how
much of the floor area
will have access to
daylighting.

4. Space Planning
Open space planning is
very advantageous for
bringing light to the
interior.
Glass partitions can furnish
acoustical privacy without
blocking the light.
When visual privacy is also
needed, venetian blinds or
translucent materials could
be used.
Alternatively, the
partitions can have glass
above eye level only.
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5. Colour
Light coloured facades
are important not only
to reduce heat gain but
also to increase the
availability of daylight.
Light coloured interiors
will not only reflect
light farther into the
building, but also
diffuse it to reduce
dark shadows, glare,
and excessive
brightness ratios.

6. View and Daylighting
Use separate openings for view and daylighting.
Use high windows, clerestories, or skylights for excellent
daylighting, and use low windows at eye level for view.
High glazing should be clear or spectrally selective to maximise
daylight.
The view glazing can be tinted or reflective to control heat gain.
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BASIC WINDOW STRATEGIES

Guidelines
Windows should be high on the wall, widely
distributed, and of optimum area.
If possible, place windows on more than one wall.
Place windows adjacent to interior walls.
Splay walls to reduce the contrast between windows
and walls.
Filter daylight by using trees or by trellises* and
screens.
Shade windows from excess sunlight in summer.
Use movable shades.
* a light frame made of bars of wood or metal crossed over each other, fixed to a wall for plants to grow up.
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SOLAR TECHNIQUES
Active Solar Techniques include
Solar electricity,
Solar water heating
Passive Solar techniques include

Direct gain (Greenhouse),
Indirect gain (Trombe Wall), and
Combination of the both (Sunspace, Conservatory)
PASSIVE SOLAR TECHNIQUES
Greenhouse effect in buildings
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Trombe Wall
Sunspace
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Conservatory
Conservatory
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Conservatory
Conservatory
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COOLING TECHNIQUES
Passive Cooling techniques include
Cooling with ventilation
Hot & Dry Climate (Wind scoops, Wind towers, Mashrabiya, Small and
Deep courtyards, high mass walls, etc.)
COOLING TECHNIQUES
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COOLING TECHNIQUES
Warm & Humid Climate (Large windows, Large overhangs, High ceilings,
Low mass walls, Large and shallow courtyards, Deep verandahs, etc.)
COOLING TECHNIQUES
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COOLING TECHNIQUES
Radiant Cooling (Roof Insulation Direct & Indirect)
COOLING TECHNIQUES
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COOLING TECHNIQUES

Evaporative Cooling
Direct (Desert coolers)
Indirect (Roof ponds)
Wind Tower
COOLING TECHNIQUES
Evaporative coolers
Warm
& Humid
(swamp
coolers) Climate (Large windows, Large overhangs, High ceilings,
Radiant Cooling
(Roof Insulation Direct & Indirect)
Indirect Evaporative Cooling
(Roof Pond)
Evaporative Cooling
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COOLING TECHNIQUES

Evaporative Cooling
Stack Effect (Solar Chimney)
COOLING TECHNIQUES

Evaporative Cooling
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COOLING TECHNIQUES

Evaporative Cooling

Earth Cooling (Earth sheltering, Earth Tunnels)
COOLING TECHNIQUES

Evaporative Cooling

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COOLING TECHNIQUES

Evaporative Cooling

COOLING TECHNIQUES

Evaporative Cooling

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COOLING TECHNIQUES

Evaporative Cooling

Dehumidification with a Desiccant (Drying agent like silica gel, natural
zeolite, calcium chloride, etc.)
THOUGHT FOR THE DAY

BE GENEROUS AND SHARE
YOUR FOOD WITH THE POOR.
YOU WILL BE BLESSED FOR IT.
IT.
- PROVERBS 22:9, THE HOLY BIBLE
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03-02-2016
Go Green
Save our planet
23

Lecture-4 - Energy Efficiency in Buildings

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03-02-2016

AR L2418 DESIGN OF GREEN BUILDINGS

Daylighting and Solar Techniques

How to use Energy Efficiently?

A lecture by Ar. Sachin Harry

when someone or something uses time and

ENERGY USE IN BUILDINGS

ENERGY USE IN BUILDINGS

ENERGY USE IN BUILDINGS

Heating and Cooling

ENERGY USE IN BUILDINGS

HOW TO USE ENERGY EFFICIENTLY?

HOW TO USE ENERGY EFFICIENTLY?

* Insolation = Incident Solar Radiation

HOW TO USE ENERGY EFFICIENTLY?

BASIC DAYLIGHTING STRATEGIES

BASIC DAYLIGHTING STRATEGIES

BASIC DAYLIGHTING STRATEGIES

BASIC DAYLIGHTING STRATEGIES

BASIC DAYLIGHTING STRATEGIES

BASIC DAYLIGHTING STRATEGIES

BASIC DAYLIGHTING STRATEGIES

BASIC WINDOW STRATEGIES

Passive Solar techniques include

PASSIVE SOLAR TECHNIQUES

Greenhouse effect in buildings

PASSIVE SOLAR TECHNIQUES

PASSIVE SOLAR TECHNIQUES

PASSIVE SOLAR TECHNIQUES

PASSIVE SOLAR TECHNIQUES

PASSIVE SOLAR TECHNIQUES

PASSIVE SOLAR TECHNIQUES

Radiant Cooling (Roof Insulation Direct & Indirect)

Radiant Cooling (Roof Insulation Direct & Indirect)

Radiant Cooling (Roof Insulation Direct & Indirect)

Radiant Cooling (Roof Insulation Direct & Indirect)

Stack Effect (Solar Chimney)

Radiant Cooling (Roof Insulation Direct & Indirect)

Stack Effect (Solar Chimney)

Radiant Cooling (Roof Insulation Direct & Indirect)

Stack Effect (Solar Chimney)

Radiant Cooling (Roof Insulation Direct & Indirect)

Stack Effect (Solar Chimney)

Radiant Cooling (Roof Insulation Direct & Indirect)

Stack Effect (Solar Chimney)

Radiant Cooling (Roof Insulation Direct & Indirect)

Stack Effect (Solar Chimney)

Radiant Cooling (Roof Insulation Direct & Indirect)

Stack Effect (Solar Chimney)

THOUGHT FOR THE DAY

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