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What are represented by the symbols X and Y for the path of an impulse below,
after a stimulus is received by the skin?
Stimulus X Nerve Y Nerve Effector
1.2
1.3
State the type of receptor that is located in the fat layer of the skin.
State the type of receptor that is located in the epidermis of the skin.
Chemical
in the air
5
Impulses
Brain
Explain why when we have flu, the nose cannot function well.
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SCIENCE FORM 2
1.4
1.5
(i) Honey
(v) Vinegar
(ii) Medicine
(vi) Sugar
(iii) Salt
(vii) Bile
(iv) Lime
What is the relationship between the sense of taste and the sense of smell?
What is the structure of the ear that vibrates when it is hit by sound waves?
Name the structure of the ear that detects vibration and changes it into nerve
impulses.
State two structures of ears that do not play any part in hearing.
Name the structure of the ear that sends nerve impulses to the brain.
Name the structure of the ear that balances the air pressure on both sides of the
ear.
Name the structures of the ear that controls balance in the body.
Name the structure of the ear that collects and directs sound waves into the ear.
10 Name the structure of the ear that channels sound waves to the eardrum.
1.6
Name the structure of the eye that allows light to enter it.
Name the structure of the eye that controls the size of pupil.
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SCIENCE FORM 2
5
State two structures of the eye that maintain the shape of the eye.
What is the structure of the eye that refracts light and helps to focus light onto the
retina?
What is the structure of the eye that avoids reflection in the eye?
State three structures in eye that help eye lens to focus the light onto the retina.
10 State the part of the retina which is not sensitive to light. Explain your answer.
11 State the structure of eye that sends impulses to the brain for interpretation.
1.7
(b)
What happens to the light that is directed to a medium with different density?
(c)
(b)
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SCIENCE FORM 2
7
State the eye defect that occurs because the image of a distant object falls in
front of the retina.
State the eye defect that occurs because the image of a nearby object falls
behind the retina.
Can a huge explosion that occurs in outer space be heard? Explain your answer.
State two properties of the surface of objects that reflect sound effectively.
State two properties of the surface of objects that absorb sound effectively.
State two possible reasons why a person is suffering from deafness (a hearing
defect).
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SCIENCE FORM 2
1.9
State the type of tropic response shown by the shoots towards light.
State the type of tropic response shown by the roots towards gravity.
State the type of tropic response shown by the roots towards water.
State the type of tropic response shown by the tendrils of cucumber plants
towards touch.
State the type of response shown by the mimosa plants towards touch.
2.2
State the solution (reagent or material) that can be used to test the following food
and give the observation.
(a) Starch
(b) Glucose
(c) Protein
(d) Fat
What will be observed when a few drops of iodine solution are dropped onto a
piece of potato? Explain your answer.
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(i) Fruit
(j) Vegetable
(k) Rice
(l) Potato
(m) Groundnut
8
State the diseases caused by the deficiency of the following vitamins in the diet.
(a) Vitamin A
(b) Vitamin B
(c) Vitamin C
(d) Vitamin D
(e) Vitamin E
(f) Vitamin K
10 State the diseases caused by the deficiency of the following mineral salts in a diet.
(g) Iodine
(h) Iron
(i) Phosphorus
(j) Calcium
11 State the disease caused by the deficiency of protein in a diet.
12 Name the diet which is made up of food that has all the nutrients in the right
quantity.
13 A man took 100 g rice, 100 g fried egg and 50 g banana for his dinner. Calculate
the calorific value he took.
Food
Rice
2.3
Fried egg
950
Banana
350
State the types of food that are digested in the small intestine.
State two types of substance (contained in gastric juice) that are secreted by the
stomach wall.
Name the process that pushes the food along the alimentary canal.
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SCIENCE FORM 2
2.4
2.5
2.6
What are the end-products of the digestion of fat that is ready to be absorbed into
the small intestine?
Can starch, protein or fat molecules move through the walls of small intestine
(villi)? Explain your answer.
Name the structure on the inner wall of the small intestine which is responsible
for the absorption of digested food.
State one characteristic of villus that enables it to absorb digested food efficiently.
Name the process of expelling the undigested food in the large intestine out of
the body.
Name the condition which occurs when a person face the difficulty to pass motion.
State the process of pushing the undigested food along the large intestine.
10 What is the risk of consuming a large amount of food located at the top of the
food pyramid?
Chapter 3: Biodiversity
3.1
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(l) Eel
(m) Crocodile
(n) Lizard
(o) Tortoise
4
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SCIENCE FORM 2
Chapter 4: Interdependence among Living Organisms and the Environment
4.1
State a group of organisms of the same species that live together and reproduce
in a habitat.
Several types of animal and plant populations live together and interact with one
another in a habitat to form a _______________.
Several communities that interact with one another and with the physical
environment form an ________________.
State the study on the relationship among organisms and the relationship
between organisms and the environment.
4.2
State the type of interaction between the different organisms that live together
dependently.
State the type of interaction between different organisms where one organism
benefits from the other whereas the other organism is not adversely affected.
State the type of interaction between different organisms where one organism
benefits from the other whereas the other organism is negatively affected.
State the type of interaction between two different organisms that live together in
which both organisms benefit from each other.
State the type of interaction that occurs when organisms compete for the same
basic resources.
State two examples of basic resources that are competed in a group of lions.
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SCIENCE FORM 2
4.3
All green plants that make food through photosynthesis is called ___________.
Organisms that decompose dead organisms and change them into simple
substances are called _______________.
Name the energy link shows how energy in food is passed from plants to animals.
Based on the food chain in Question 6, state what will happen to the number of
organisms if all the snakes in the habitat is caught.
(a) Number of frog
(b) Number of caterpillar
(c) Number of grass
Name the term that refers to several food chains that are interlinked.
What are the organisms that form the base and the top of a pyramid of numbers?
10 From the base of a pyramid of numbers to its top, state the changes in the
(a) number of organisms
(b) size of organisms
4.4
Analysing photosynthesis
4.5
organisms
1
What is the process that occurs in green plants where food is made?
State four conditions (or substances) needed for the process of photosynthesis.
State the solution that can be used to test the presence of starch in leaf and state
the observation.
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SCIENCE FORM 2
6
Green plants
Living organisms
Fuel
Dead organisms
Photosynthesis
Respiration/Breathing
Burning/Combustion
Decomposition
State the change of colour when dry cobalt chloride paper is used to test the
presence of water.
State the change of colour when dry copper(II) sulphate is used to test the
presence of water.
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SCIENCE FORM 2
5.2
What is the process that can be used to separate water into hydrogen and
oxygen?
State the product at the anode for the electrolysis of water (acidified by a little
sulphuric acid).
State the product at the cathode for the electrolysis of water (acidified by a little
sulphuric acid).
State the relationship between the surrounding temperature and the rate of
evaporation of water.
State the relationship between the air humidity and the rate of evaporation of
water.
State the relationship between the air movement and the rate of evaporation of
water.
State the relationship between the surface area and the rate of evaporation of
water.
What is the process that takes place only on the surface of water?
10 What is the process that enables wet clothes to become dry under the Sun?
11 What is the process that enables the preparation of salt at the seaside?
12 What is the process that enables the preparation of distilled water in the school
laboratory?
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SCIENCE FORM 2
5.4
State the relationship between the size of solutes and the solubility of substances
in the solvent.
10 State the relationship between the temperature of a solvent and the solubility of
substances in it.
11 State the relationship between the stirring and the solubility of substances in a
solvent.
12 State the relationship between the volume of solvent and the solubility of
substances in it.
13 Name the universal solvent?
14 State the organic solvent that can be used to remove the following dirt.
(a) Chlorophyll (from grass)
(b) Fresh paint
(c) Rust
(d) Grease
(e) Blood State the organic solvents according to its uses.
(f) To dissolve iodine to make an antiseptic
(g) To dilute paint
(h) To stick plastic substances
(i) To stick rubber sheets
5.5
Name the gas released when acid reacts with magnesium (or zinc).
Write a chemical equation in words to show the reaction between zinc and
sulphuric acid.
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SCIENCE FORM 2
5
Write a chemical equation in words to show the reaction between zinc and nitric
acid.
Name the gas released when acid reacts with calcium carbonate.
Name the gas released when ammonium salt is heated with alkali.
State the natural sources of water that contains the most and the least impurities.
State one water purification method that can only remove coarse impurities such
as suspended substances.
State two water purification methods that can only kill microorganisms in water.
State one method that can be used to kill the microorganisms contained in
swimming pools.
State one method that is usually used to kill microorganisms in drinking water at
home.
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SCIENCE FORM 2
8
State one water purification method that can remove all impurities.
5.8
State the sequence of the tanks that are used in water purification plants.
State two substances that are added into the coagulation tank to coagulate
suspended particles.
State the substance added to the coagulation tank to reduce the acidity of water.
State the function of chlorine that is added into the chlorination tank.
State the function of sodium fluoride added into water at certain water purification
plants.
Air has particles that are continually moving and colliding with things on Earth.
This produces _________________.
Draw the direction of the air pressure acting on the thick cardboard.
State the relationship between the number of gas particles and air pressure.
State the relationship between the volume of a container filled with gas particles
and air pressure inside the container.
6.2
A student cannot pour out the milk from a condensed milk tin with a hole
punched. Suggest one way to help him to overcome the problem.
State one tool that can be used to suck out the clogged dirt in a sink.
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SCIENCE FORM 2
4
What will happen when a gas is placed under a very high pressure? Give two
examples for the use of this property.
State one safety measure while using aerosol spray. Give a reason for your
answer.
Chapter 7: Dynamics
7.1
Understanding force
1
A plastic ruler is bent. What inference can be made based on the action of the
force?
A spring is pulled. What inference can be made based on the action of the force?
Speeding a moving bicycle. What inference can be made based on the action of
the force?
Kicking a ball that is rolling to wards a different direction. What inference can be
made based on the action of the force?
State the type of force that is produced when two surfaces rub against each
other.
10 State the type of force that is produced when electrons move through a
conductor.
11 State the type of force acting on a ping-pong ball when it stops moving after a
short while.
12 State the type of force acting on an object that falls to the ground.
7.2
7.3
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SCIENCE FORM 2
State the relationship between the nature of a surface and the magnitude of
frictional force produced by it.
State the relationship between the weight of an object and the magnitude of
frictional force acting on it.
Is the magnitude of the frictional force affected by the surface area in contact?
10 State three methods to reduce the friction between two surfaces in contact.
11 Why is the wet floor slippery to walk on it?
12 State three disadvantages of friction.
7.4
7.5
What being done when an object is shifted from one place to another or to
change the shape of an object?
Write a formula to relate the work done, force and the distance travelled by a
moving object.
State whether the work is done or not for the following situations.
(a) Sitting on the floor
(b) Pushing a table
(c) Brushing teeth
(d) Sleeping on a bed
(e) Climbing up the ladder
A student took 5 seconds to push a box. If the work done is 60 J, what is the
power generated?
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SCIENCE FORM 2
Chapter 8: Support and Movement
8.1
8.2
What is the support system of herbaceous plants such as balsam and mustard?
State the special structure in aquatic plants that enable them to be supported by
the buoyancy of water.
Determine the type of plant based on the structure of the stem shown below.
Chapter 9: Stability
9.1
9.2
State the relationship between the position of the centre of gravity and the
stability of an object.
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SCIENCE FORM 2
6
State the relationship between the base area and the stability of an object.
Explain how a giraffe can achieve its stability while drinking water.
Analysing levers
1
State the class of lever where the fulcrum is located between the force (effort)
and the load.
State the class of lever where the load is located between the fulcrum and the
force (effort).
State the class of lever where the force (effort) is located between the fulcrum
and the load.
State the classes of levers where the force and the load act in opposite directions.
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SCIENCE FORM 2
6
State two tools that are classified in the same class of lever as a broom.
State two tools that are classified in the same class of lever as a see-saw.
State two tools that are classified in the same class of lever as a nutcracker.
10 In the diagram below, calculate the weight of the load that can keep the rod
ANSWERS
Chapter 1: The World through Our Senses
1.1 Understanding the sensory organs and their functions
6 Eye, ear, nose, tongue and skin
7 Light
8 Chemical substances
9 Touch, pain, heat and cold
10 X: Receptor; Y: Brain
1.2 Understanding the sense of touch
1 X: Pain receptor; Y: Pressure receptor
2 Pressure receptor
3 Pain receptor
4 The thickness of the epidermis and the number of receptors
5 Lips have thin epidermis and many receptors
6 Elbows have thick epidermis and fewer receptors
1.3 Understanding the sense of smell
1 Nose
2 Smell receptors
3 On the top part of the nasal cavity
4 X: smell receptor
5 The smell receptors are covered by a layer of mucus
1.4 Understanding the sense of taste
1 Sweet, sour, salty and bitter
2 (a) P: Bitter; Q: Sour; R: Salty; S: Sweet
3 (b) (i) S
(v) Q
(ii) P
(vi) S
(iii) R
(vii) P
(iv) Q
(viii) R
4 The sense of smell facilitates the sense of taste.
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SCIENCE FORM 2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Ear
Eardrum
Ossicles
Cochlea
Semicircular canal and Eustachian tube)
Auditory nerve
Eustachian tube
Semicircular canal
Ear pinna
Auditory canal
Cornea
Choroid
Protects the eye
Cornea, aqueous humour and vitreous humour
Blind spot. Blind spot does not contain receptor of light
Optic nerve
(b)
(c)
6
7
8
9
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SCIENCE FORM 2
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
The eyeballs are too long; The eye lens are too thick
The eyeballs are too short; The eye lens are too thin)
By wearing concave lenses
By wearing convex lenses
Astigmatism
Optical illusion
Blind spot
Blind spot does not have any light receptor
Stereoscopic vision
Can estimate distances accurately but the filed of vision is narrow
Monocular vision
The filed of vision is wide but distances cannot be estimated accurately
Eagle and cat/tiger/owl (predator)
Rabbit and deer/rat/cow/goat (prey)
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SCIENCE FORM 2
21
22
23
24
25
26
(b) Protein
(c) Fats
(d) Carbohydrate
(e) Protein
(f) Protein
(g) Fat
(h) Fat
(i) Roughage/Vitamins/Mineral salts
(j) Roughage/Vitamins/Mineral salts
(k) Carbohydrate
(l) Carbohydrate
(m) Protein
Transporting digested food /Regulating the body temperature
(a) Night blindness
(b) Beriberi
(c) Scurvy
(d) Rickets
(e) Sterility
(f) Blood slow to clot
(a) Goitre
(b) Anaemia
(c) Rickets
(d) Rickets
Kwashiorkor
Balanced diet
1 500 + 9500 + 175 = 2 625 kJ
Chapter 3: Biodiversity
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SCIENCE FORM 2
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SCIENCE FORM 2
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SCIENCE FORM 2
18 Light energy chemical energy
19 Chlorophyll
20 To absorb sunlight for photosynthesis
21
Carbon dioxide
Green
plants
Photosynthesis
Living
organisms
Respiration/
Breathing
Fuel
Dead
Burning/
Combustion
organis
Decomposition
ms
Oxygen
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SCIENCE FORM 2
24 Boiling
5.4 Analysing solution and solubility
15 Solvent
16 Solute
17 Solution
18 Dilute solution
19 Concentrated solution
20 Saturated solution
21 Suspension
22 Size of solutes, temperature of solvent, stirring and volume of solvent
23 The smaller the size of solute, the faster it dissolves in a solvent
24 The warmer the solvent, the faster the solutes dissolves in it
25 The solutes dissolve more easily if the solvent is stirred
26 The bigger the volume of the solvent, the faster the solutes dissolve in it
27 Water
28 (a) Alcohol
(j) Turpentine/Kerosene
(k) Lime juice
(l) Turpentine/Kerosene
(m) Sodium chloride solution/Table salt solution
29 (a) Alcohol
(b) Turpentine
(c) Chloroform
(d) Benzene
5.5 Analysing acid and alkali
21 Taste sour, corrosive and changes damp blue litmus paper to red pH less than 7
22 Hydrogen
23 Magnesium + hydrochloric acid magnesium chloride + hydrogen
24 Zinc + sulphuric acid zinc sulphate + hydrogen
25 Zinc + nitric acid zinc nitrate + hydrogen
26 Carbon dioxide
27 Taste bitter, corrosive and changes damp red litmus paper to blue/pH more than 7/feel
slippery
28 Ammonia
29 water
30 acid
31 alkali
32 neutral
33 Sulphuric acid
34 Formic acid
35 Tartaric acid
36 Ammonia solution
37 Neutralisation
38 Sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid sodium chloride + water
39 Titration
40 Toothpaste: weak alkaline; gastric pills: alkaline
5.6 Analysing the methods of purification of water
12 The most: seawater; The least: rainwater
13 Filtration
14 The water still contains microorganisms/dissolved substances
15 Boiling and chlorination
16 Chlorination
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SCIENCE FORM 2
17
18
19
20
21
22
Chlorination
Boiling
Microorganisms in the water will be killed.
Distillation
No. The water does not contain any dissolved mineral salts
Distillation
9
10
11
12
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SCIENCE FORM 2
22 Electrical force
23 Frictional force
24 Gravitational force
7.2 Understanding the measurement of force
7.3 Application of frictional force
13 Newton, N
14 Spring balance
15 Frictional force
16 Frictional force
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Work done
Time
Work done 60
= = 12 W
Time
5
Work done Force Distance
=
Time
Time
500 2
5
= 200 W
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SCIENCE FORM 2
(i) Hydrostatic skeleton
(j) Exoskeleton
(k) Buoyancy of water
8.2 Understanding the support system in plants
7 Woody tissues
8 Thorns
9 Tugor pressure
10 Tendrils
11 Aquatic plants have lots of air sacs in their leaves and stems
12 Aquatic plants
Chapter 9: Stability
9.1 Understanding that the centre of gravity affects stability
9.2 Appreciating the importance of stability
13 Centre of gravity
14 The shape of the object
15 At the centre
16 The position of the centre of gravity and the base area
17 The lower the centre of gravity, the more stable the object
18 The bigger the base area, the more stable the object
19 Y: Y has a larger base area
20 Q: Q has a lower centre of gravity
21 A giraffe spreads out its legs to lower the centre of gravity and increase the base area
22 Crocodile has low centre of gravity and big base area
23 Cupboard and bed
24 To lower their centre of gravity in order to achieve stability
Chapter 10: Simple Machine
10.1 Analysing levers
11 First-class lever
12 Second-class lever
13 Third-class lever
14 Second and third classes of levers
15 (a) Second-class lever
(j) Third-class lever
(k) First-class lever
(l) First-class lever
(m) Second-class lever
(n) First-class lever
(o) Second-class lever
(p) Third-class lever
(q) Third-class lever
16 Fishing rod and ice tongs
17 Scissors and crowbar
18 Wheelbarrow and paper cutter
19 Load distance of the load from the fulcrum = Force distance of the force from the
fulcrum
20 Load =
100 3
2
= 150 N
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Bangi
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