Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Nursing Theorists
1. Florence Nightingale,
2. Hildegard Peplau
3. Virginia Henderson
4. Fay Abdella
5. Ida Jean Orlando
6. Dorothy Johnson
7. Martha Rogers
8. Dorothea Orem
9. Imogene King
10. Betty Neuman
11. Sister Calista Roy,
12. Jean Watson
13. Rosemary Rizzo Parse
2. Environment
All internal and external conditions, circumstances, and influences affecting the person
3. Health
4. Nursing
5 components of environment
o ventilation, light, warmth, effluvia, noise
Nightingales Concepts
1. Person
Affected by environment
2. Environment
3. Health
4. Nursing
Provided fresh air, warmth, cleanliness, good diet, quiet to facilitate persons reparative
process
using an understanding of ones own behavior to help others identify their difficulties
Peplaus Concepts
1. Person
2. Environment
Not defined
3. Health
Implies forward movement of the personality and human processes toward creative,
constructive, productive, personal, and community living
4. Nursing
Involves problem-solving
Abdellas Concepts
1. Nursing
A helping profession
2. Health
Excludes illness
3. Person
4. Environment
All behavior may represent a cry for help. Patients behavior can be verbal or non-verbal.
The nurse reacts to patients behavior and forms basis for determining nurses acts.
A steady state is maintained through adjusting and adapting to internal and external
forces.
Johnsons 7 Subsystems
Affiliative subsystem
social bonds
Dependency
helping or nuturing
Ingestive
food intake
Eliminative
excretion
Sexual
Aggressive
Achievement
Johnsons Concepts
1. Person
2. Environment
Not specifically defined but does say there is an internal and external environment
3. Health
4. Nursing
Energy fields
Fundamental unity of things that are unique, dynamic, open, and infinite
Pattern
Pandimensionality
Rogers Definitions
Integrality
Resonancy
Continuous change longer to shorter wave patterns in human and environmental fields
Helicy
Change
Self care agency is the individuals ability to perform self care activities
Self- care deficit occurs when the person cannot carry out self-care
The nurse then meets the self-care needs by acting or doing for; guiding, teaching,
supporting or providing the environment to promote patients ability
Partially compensatory- Patient can meet some needs but needs nursing assistance
Supportive educative-Patient can meet self care requisites, but needs assistance with
decision making or knowledge
Human beings are open systems in constant interaction with the environment
Personal System
o individual; perception, self, growth, development, time space, body image
o Interpersonal
o Society
Personal System
o Individual; perception, self, growth, development, time space, body image
Interpersonal
o Socialization; interaction, communication and transaction
Society
o Family, religious groups, schools, work, peers
The nurse and patient mutually communicate, establish goals and take action to attain
goals
Each individual brings a different set of values, ideas, attitudes, perceptions to exchange
maintains balance and harmony between internal and external environment by adjusting
to stress and defending against tension-producing stimuli
Wellness is equilibrium
maintain adaptation
The person is an open adaptive system with input (stimuli), who adapts by processes or
control mechanisms (throughput)
A caring environment accepts a person as he is and looks to what the person may become
Instilling faith-hope
Promoting teaching-learning
Watsons Concepts
Person
o Human being to be valued, cared for, respected, nurtured, understood and assisted
Environment
o Society
Health
o Complete physical, mental and social well-being and functioning
Nursing
o Concerned with promoting and restoring health, preventing illness
Simultaneity Paradigm
o Man is a unitary being in continuous, mutual interaction with environment
Meaning
o Mans reality is given meaning through lived experiences
o Man and environment cocreate
Rhythmicity
o Man and environment cocreate ( imaging, valuing, languaging) in rhythmical
patterns
Cotranscendence
o Refers to reaching out and beyond the limits that a person sets
o One constantly transforms
Person
o Open being who is more than and different from the sum of the parts
Environment
o Everything in the person and his experiences
o Inseparable, complimentary to and evolving with
Health
o Open process of being and becoming. Involves synthesis of values
Nursing
o A human science and art that uses an abstract body of knowledge to serve people
Based on transcultural nursing, whose goal is to provide care congruent with cultural
values, beliefs, and practices
Sunrise model consists of 4 levels that provide a base of knowledge for delivering
cultural congruent care
Described 5 levels of nursing experience and developed exemplars and paradigm cases to
illustrate each level
1. Novice
2. Advanced beginner
3. Competent
4. Proficient
5. Expert
Levels reflect:
o movement from reliance on past abstract principles to the use of past concrete
experience as paradigms
o change in perception of situation as a complete whole in which certain parts are
relevant
Reference
1. Alligood M.R, Tomey. A.M. Nursing theory utilization and application. 2nd Ed. Mosby,
Philadelphia, 2002.
2. Tomey AM, Alligood. MR. Nursing theorists and their work. (5th ed.). Mosby,
Philadelphia, 2002.
3. George B. Julia , Nursing Theories- The base for professional Nursing Practice , 3rd ed.
Norwalk, Appleton and Lange.
4. Wills M.Evelyn, McEwen Melanie (2002). Theoretical Basis for Nursing Philadelphia.
Lippincott Williamsand wilkins.
5. Meleis Ibrahim Afaf (1997) , Theoretical Nursing : Development and Progress 3rd ed.
Philadelphia, Lippincott.
6. Taylor Carol,Lillis Carol (2001)The Art and Science Of Nursing Care 4th ed.
Philadelphia, Lippincott.
7. Potter A Patricia, Perry G Anne (1992)Fundamentals Of Nursing Concepts Process and
Practice 3rd ed. London Mosby Year Book.