Purdue University

Purdue e-Pubs
International Compressor Engineering Conference

School of Mechanical Engineering

1992

A CAD System for Twin-Screw Compressors

Z. Xing
Xian Jiatong University; P. R. China

D. Deng
Xian Jiatong University; P. R. China

P. Shu
Xian Jiatong University; P. R. China

Follow this and additional works at: http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/icec

Xing, Z.; Deng, D.; and Shu, P., "A CAD System for Twin-Screw Compressors" (1992). International Compressor Engineering
Conference. Paper 813.
http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/icec/813

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additional information.
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Herrick/Events/orderlit.html

ACAD SYSTEM FOR TIINSCBEI COMPRESSORS

liar Ziweo, Deor Dioggoo, Sho Ptorcheog
I Compreaaor Di,ision, Xi' an Jiaotonr UniTetaitJ, Ii'
an, China)

ABSTRACT
Thie paper introduc11 the theoretical atad1 aad
cOJDpubr-aided duiga I CAD) 171hm far twia-nrewpracti cal application of a
include three parte: the ealeul~tion of the reome compreuora. The 171hm
trical
param1ter1 of the
rotou : the
imulatioa of Ue compru1or workilir procU IIIi
and Ue
optimi$&tion of the design parameter of the campr
eeeor. The 171tem has been
uaed in the de1irn of ee,era l air aad refrir eraat
twia-crew
comprea1ora.
Aad the reaalt a are TerJ eati1factory.
INTRODUCTION

The demand for tia-ecrew campres1ora is lacre

adTaatara euch compact contructioa, hirh reliab alr becauae of their
And the7 haTe to be deaigaed to meet Y&riou aare ility aad low fibration.
condi tiou, looger uniu life ud 1horter period aach 11 ''''re r operating
of pr'odut denlopment.
Howeur, the coau atiou l duira 111thod c111' t maet
theu demand nry

ll.

Ia reaeat Je&rl,
we h&Je air d 10111 eiraif icant achi1T.ment1
ia
.computer eimulatioa for ecrew compr111or workiar procea
aea, new rotor profil e
deira. and de,elopmeat of 10111 apecial aare
etc.
The k11
hchll olori u hue been gruped to optimize thl coauumachin
ctioa param ehu, caculate
foreu act iar on the rotou acnra telJ, 11d match
the opera iiar par1111hu
ration ally. A eomple~a CAD 111~em for twia-crew compr1
11ora i1 lltabli1h1d.
THE CAD SYSTEII

Fig. 1 abo the main coaatructioa and flow chart

to be underatood and modified because of the sof~wa of ~he eya,em. It ia 1117
iadepeadeot relatiTely. The procram are all prtaen ree in ~he 111tem are
ted in FOITIAN lauruare aad
no OJ! microcompuhu.
Calculatioo of Geome~rical Parametr

In Fig.t. the length of contact llu, ana utilln

hole area, and en i ty nlam are all romU ical paramHoa coeff icient , blow
ehu of the rotors. The
calculation of theae parameters ie ~he fir1t etep
to aimulate the eGIIJpre 110 r
workiar procu ua and predict rotor profi h performaaee
pnlim iur i h.

239

Before celcalet iar the reometricel paraaetera, the male and fem1le rotor' 1
the profile ia
Ia the CAD ayatem,
coajuratiag profile matt be defined.
I inu auch
euned
order
aeeond
or
fint
aome
gin
Fiut,
geaerated u followa:
of
u atrairh liae, circh or ellipu, to be puHII eunu coutiht iag ou
the
on
cunu
then
with
inr
coajugat
cunu
the
Then,
the rotor' 1 profile.
other rotor can be obtained eeeordinr to the meah theory. After the heaic
eonatitution of the rotor profilea ere decided, the profilea of differeat lobe
can be
combiaatioa 1ad differeat profile parameter auch 11 1ddeadum radiua,
tylttm.
CAD
obtaiaed eaaily with the
The contact line aeperate the ca,ity underroiac compreeeioa or discharge
ih length hu greet effect on
proceu and nction proceu. Therefore,
liae learth accuratelr i
coatect
the
inc
calculat
and
nce,
comprtttor performa
profilu. llorener, when
rotor
new
iar
nry important for enluaiin r or optomi&
calcalatinr forces on the rotor, the contact line projection on differeaett
coordinate planes are alto required to deal with contact region and ao-eonta
ucion differently. In the CAD lylha, the equUiou or the two rotou helical
the contact -liu
turheu ia derind from their ead proflln firstly. Then,
equatioa ie obtained by utinr the equatioas aad the emcagement coaditioas
simultaneouslJ. SolTiac thi1 contact liae equation, the eoordinatea of each
poiat eonatitutiag the contact line eaa be obtained. Sumiag ap the dietancte
betwetn the poinh, the coataci line lea&th can be 11ined. Projecting the poiaht
line projectioa on differen
oa appointed coordiuate plaua, the coatact
result. It gi,e the
typicala
thowa
Fic.2
.
obtaiaed
be
can
coordiaate plene
cont1ct lite length in a fulction of male rotor rotation 111le._
The blo holt area hat great effect on compreaaor performance. Getting a
al
dstptr underatandiar of the blow hole ie tht 'ery ba1i1 for ''ol,iag a,metric
iaa1fe,
h
cuned
tpace
a
it
hoh
blow
the
profi It iato a UJIIeir iul oae.llecauu
a aimple
the ealeulaUoa of ih 1rea ia '"Y c011plicated. Ia the CAD tyatem,
d 01
coaidere
ia
hole
blow
The
tioa.
calccala
method ia adopted to timplify the
the cyliuder
plaae formed by the iateraection liue between the two bare of
d
honaiar and thl hi&hllt point of the contact Hat. Therefore, ii it couiden
the
of
line
on
inteueeU
are
11 a piau cuned triaacle. Ih th.rtt aide
cJliD.der bores, two interaection linn of the plane with the female 111d the
male rotou' htl ical turfteu. The concrete atepa to ob1aia the blow hole are-a
Thea;
au u followa: Fiut, raia the tquatioa of the plane mentioned abon. oualJ
toln thh eqution and tat two reior helical anrhn t~uatiou liimuhau theae
to rain the two cur,d eldt euatieaa of the blow holt. Flaall~ uae all
equatloa to do the plane lnttgratioa, aad the blow hole 1111 caa be obtained.
Area utilisati on coefficient lndicait t tht tffectif t utiliaati oh tztent of
comprettor dimenaion. 1hea the tad profiltl of the male and ftmalt rotor are
obtained, aret utilizati en cotffici eat caa be gtlntd hy meana of digital
ia terra I. tully.
Diacharce port area can affect compreeaore performance creatlJ, especially
under hirh retatioa apeed and large preature ratio. The CAD IJate re1arda the
sum of the uitl and ndiu diaeharre port ana u a compariaioa crHerien:
Unfold graph ef ihe radiua port eonaia\1 of to triangle, 10 ita irea can be
obtained eaaily. And the azial port area can be gotten bJ meant of plane
of
digital iategral method.The ealeulatlng reault1 indicate that the effee\ ion
combinat
lobe
the
bat
great,
a.ot
ia
area
port
e
diechar1
oa
profile
t
differen
and the wrap aarle affect thla area more rreatly.
240

Performance Simulation
On the baeie of calcul ating the geometrical param
After aoalyzing the proce uu takia1 place iil:h.e eompr ettr mentioaea abo''
euor
the mathematical model decribing the proeeeeea can be eetabl cuity in detail ,
iehea.
To taction proceaa, the feloci ty of r flowing thrnurh
the euctloa port
it small becauee the auction port area i1 relati, el:r
larre.
So the flow
reai1tance lo11 can be neglected in this procete, and
the
regarded 11 a con1tant pre11ore proce11 with the prea1u procetl therefore it
re fllot 11 11me 11 the
suction preaeure. Howe,er, the 111 temperature in this
proce11 ia hi1her than
the auction temperature bec1u1e 1ome high temperature 111
or
leakaging from high pre11ure chamber to the ca,ity . A temper ollg11 mi1ture
ature comptnlation
coeffi cient ia adopted to define the 111 temperature in
the ena of tht taction
proceu.
To compreuion procu1, afhr couia uing aiJ leakage
from uch ltabge
channel, the baaic eqaationa, aach 11 energy ana m111
coo1er
Yatioo equation~
art eatabli1hed for the eaYity. Then, thee equations are
by mean of RungeKutta method, aud the 111 state parame tolYed eimultaneou1ly
ters
temperature and specif ic Yolome can be obtained in functio auch 11 pre11ore,
n of the rotor' a
rohtio n anrle.
To diacharge procell the Ytlocity of , flow through
the aiecharge port
h large becauu the discharge port area il relati nly
small, IIPUi aiiJ duriag
the earlie r shge of this procu s.
So the rulsta nce
diaeharge procue. In the CAD 171hm, d the urlie r 1t1ge lou il higher. in
of thi1 procu i, the
flow i1 regarded 11 frietio nle11 nOI&le flow. And when
the
ie inereaeed to 1 appointed f&lue, it i1 con1idered 11 dilcharge port area
one-dimtntion ettady
flow to calculate it prt1aure lose. It
be pointed thtt leakage
between the two adjacent caYitiee i1 altomoet
eon1idered in thie discharge process.
Fill. 3 1how1 the eoa~puhr pro1r11D ehu t wr i U111
aeeordlnr to the
mathea~atical model meotioned ahoYe.
The input data include eomprt11or
eon;;trac:~ion parameurs such as the
rotor end profil e pariiDeteu,
opent iug
conditione such 11 rotatio n epeed aud dischar1e preseu
re,
and the gae
propertiee 1uch 11 adiabatic indez. The output' data
1haft power, uloma tic and adiabatic effielency, etc. Include delife ry Yolume,
Fig.4 &howe the relatio n between pre1sure and Yolume.
T~e 1olid line
indicates the typical caculatiog resolt1 for proce11e1
actually takinr place io
the compreseor. lhile the dash line giyee out the theori
tical re1ult1 without
considering leakage and discharge reaiatanee.
From Fig. 4 the following
conclu1ion can be drawn: At the earlie r 1t1ge of compre
11ion,
of the cayiti ea higher than that without eonaideriog leakage the 111 preare
hec1u1e, in this
period, the gaa leakagiag from the higher pre11ure chambe
larger thaa that from the cayity to thhe lower pre11ure r to the ca,ity ia
chamber. Con,ereely, at
the later etage or the comprea1i~ the the real proce1
1 liae approaches to the
theoretical line guaaa lly, and enn hu the tread of
lower than that.
Analyzing the calculation reeult a about compreeaion
aad diseeharre
proee uu in Fig. 4, it i1 proun that the mathematical
describe the thermodynamical working proce11e1 correctly.model established can
241

examine
ln order to calibrate aome emperieal eoeffieieot1 in the model, r program,
compute
the
YttifJ
and
model,
the
ahio1
eatabli
io
the aeaumptiooa made
d ith the data
the performance data calculated b7 the procram ie compare
6. Afttr th
Fig.
io
out
gifeo
are
reaulta
The
orJ.
laborat
meaaured in the
one operating
under
d
meaaure
data
tha
emparical coefficient are calibrated b7
under othar
ance
perform
aaor
compre
thl
te
calcula
to
ueed
be
can
the7
condition,
J Yolume
deli,er
the
of
error
the
that
ahow
operating conditiona. The reanlta
shaft power is
the
of
error
the
and
9&,
3
within
i1
procram
the
b7
ted
calenla
the computer
leaa than 6 9&. So it i1 profen that the mathematical model aod

program meotioaed abofe are reliabl e and correct.

Optimisation of the Deaira Parameter
the acre
lith the correct mathematical model and computer program for
ters on
parame
ng
operati
and
ctioa
compreaaor, tha effect of aome major conttru
the optimum
and
r,
compuh
the
on
d
ao&hn
be
caa
aace
the compreuot perform
a compreaaor
combination of theae parameter can alao be aelected to deaicn the dieeh&rce
take
paper
Thia
life.
aerYice
loncer
or
ance
with better perform
CAD IJiiem in
port poaiiioa example io oaaeriie iha fuociioa oi the

tara.
optimiaiog ~he de1i1o parame
the twin- acre
Differ1nt from the reciprocatin1 piatoo compretaor,
and diacharce
auction
The
'ahe.
ce
compruur hu no eacHoo and dilchar
to the machine
fitad
port
11
ditchar
&ad
auctioa
throa1h
d
realise
are
proce11
tile iotriu ic
bod7. So it hu 1 built- ia-nlu a aod JrlltD rt nUo bteauu of alw&JI d11igD.1d
ia
pou
1ucUoo
The
port.
11
dhchar
and
nctioa
the
of
ou
poaitl
So the
nlue.
in the p01itioll whne the cnUJ nllllle utchu the muimu the diach&rie
b7
ool7
ned
determi
i1
ratio
n
preuu
ud
n
built-i
1
uor'
compre
poU poaitioo.
ed abote,
Ia Yie of the chareeie!iatic of twin-acre eompreeeor mentionl pressure
ita built-i n preaaure ratio can't alw&JI match well with theit externa
Ia ter7 important
ratio deiermiaed b7 the auction and diachar1e preaaure. So
illl ~ tlo-acrew
deeigll
when
ll7
carafu
n
to determine the diachar1e port poaitio
uor.
compra
to the uhroa l
Theoretical17, the built-i ll preuur e ratio ahould equal worae
becuae the
be
wili
aoca
p1rform
aaor
compre
the
preature ra~io. Otherwiae
louu and
eoern
nal
additio
onr-eompnuioo or uoder-compnuioo. eao caue
diachar1e
th
of
atace
aarlier
the
at
allJ,
Pratic
increaae power eoaaumptioo.
cao' t
cuit7
the
in
111
The
proceu, the diachuc.e port ana h YUJ amall.
the
ill
111
the
of
e
presaur
the
So
timelJ.
chamber
1e
flow into the diachar
in
ahowo

loaaea
eoer17
more
cafitJ ill increaae contilloul7 and caute mnoh

1.
Fi1. e by I ioe
ldopted
Ia order to imp ron the ICUW campreuor pnfotiiiOCI, it i I often let the
ie
Tha~
ao1le.
opeoioc
to duicD the dhcharc port wUh a earlJ.
the diacharge
diuhu ce ptocua becia befora the cuit7 pnuar e naches that opeoio1
see
also
can
we
6
prunr e u ahowa in Fi&. 6 by line 2. From Fi1.
ce chamber flow
th diachar1e port earl1 mJ cauae hich preaaure cea in diachar
but it caa
tion,
coaaup
back into the eafitJ and cause lomt additional power
1e port
diaehr
large
a
la
reault
alao
10d
,
lfl&tlJ
lo11
reduce ofer-compreaaion
.
proceaa
ce
diachar
the
in
which i1 helpful to reduce the flow reaiaiaace
242

Of cour1e, when ttie early opening anele

the
comprtl&or performance will be wor1e becaa1e eaceeds 1 definite lue,
the
Obioally, to make the comprea1or hae the belt backflow loll i1 too mach.
performance there i~ an optimum
early opening anele for di1eharge port.
Fie. 1 show the reletaon between
compreuor adiabatic efficienc;t' and the early
male rotor tip tpeed. From Fie. 7 it caa be 1een,openiae 1111~ und~r differ~at
anele doe eai1t. The adiabatic efficieacy of ,that an optamam early openane
nlue with thi1 optimum uele . Bowenr, the the compre1111r will reach maximum
optimum ancle i1 not dhti act with
differeat rohr tip apeed. lhea the tip speed
angle i ueceaaary to get lerre r dilch&rre porth hi1hlr, a bigcer early openiar
&rea ia order to reduce the
flow ru i 1teoce.
To other eoaatructioa parameter aad opera
ratio of rotor lenrth to it diameter,wrap anrle tinr parameter 1nch 11 the
their
optimum falue all ezi1t for a twio~1crew eomp and rotor tip peed,
angle. lith the CAD IJittm mentioaed aboft, re110r like the di1charre port
the
me&nl of the method Died to analyse the early optimum can it obtained by
opeain1 111le Of the diiCAarre
port.
)loreonr, buid u tbt major compahr purr al
meaUoaed abou, 1011e other
coatecil related t.o acrew compreuer dnic n
are aho iacluded ia the CAD eyehm.
The ealc.ulatlol of the forc u utia g on the
roto u aad tool contour for
eu~tiag the rotor are introduced
brief ly here.
In fiew of twin~crew compreor design,
size twin~crew compreuor du_ign, ulec tinr e1pecially miniature and mall
ooe of the key factors to determine the machior duir ninr of the_ bearinrs h
ne whether IDCCIIIfal or uot.
While calculating the forces actin r on the ro~or
a is the basis for. selec ting or
de1igniag the bearing. Beaidea c&lculation
of
the
force Ia alao neceaaarJ for
uew profile dui1n. Thet i1 hacaue , to uJiae
oo the rea-ale rotor produced by the r axial trica l profile, tbt torque aciin r
force ie a driTing terue. And
with the rotor rotatiou anrl changla,,
torque chang it magnitage
periodically. In new profi le design , it is thle
neee
uary
to let the mioimDIII nlue
of thi1 torque atill be larger than the torqu
prodiced by the frict ion force. Othe niu thee actiag on the female rotor
directiou of ibe IDIII torque
actin r on the female rotor will ch1nge perio
dical
ly whea the mele retor i1
dtifed by the female. That can re1ult in the
demage the oil film between the rotor&. Se two rotor &trike eech other, and
the compreeaor performance will
ducend beeaan the leakage i more. In the CAD
1yetem , the uiel force il
dealed with ead azial force and 111 azial force
(only eai1t1 in the contact
region l diffe reatl J. To the radial force,
fir1t ly 1eek the force on the
contact region and aoa~eontaet regiou dilti nctlJ
, then 1um them to obtain the
oftra ll radial force.
In the CAD system, there are al1o aome
of the diacal cutter for machining the rotor&programs to calculate the contours
.
the CAD 111tem can not only calculate the conto It de1erYe1 to be poiated that
ur of the cutter with zero
degree front angle, but aho cu calculate
that with non uro derree front
angle or with a helical oblique anrle. So the
machiniag performance of the
cath r caa be improred.

243

APPLICATIONS OF THE CAD SYSTD

Compreaaor Deaiga
l calculation ~uickiJ
The CAD IJ11em caa be 111d to do aame eonyeratioaa
machiainr the rotora
for
the cutte
aad accurately, aach 11 the eoatoara of poe
nr, It caa be u11d
lloreo
etc.
Uou
i
port
arre
dilch
the
lhe bear lac load ud
of each deaira
t
effec
the
e
analJz
to do ' numerical teat on computer to
um flluea of
optimi
the
parameter on eompreaaor performance, and thea obtain
theu f&ramehrt.
ine the eoaatruetioo aod
Thia CAD IJitem haa efer been used to determt twiaecuw compreuou.
reraa
refri
ud
air
l
aenu
for
opeu tiog pa-rm ehu
of 1 email eized eiorl e etare
Tab. l sho the major parameters aod performance
d of thia machine ia fetJ
perio
t
pmea
de,elo
The
esaor.
eompr
air eoolior Ierew
and effic ieotly .
wu
111hm
CAD
lhort f about ou year l becauu the
DeyeJopmeat of New Rotor Profile
can be determined iaitia llJ
lhea 1 on profi le is duir ud, the paramehn
l characterics in the
etrica
ceom
'
rotor
the
latiac
calcu
by uelog the prorrams
the lobe combination
u
ncb
ehu
paum
CAD 111tem. Baud on this, the profi le
the eompuuor
with
can be optimiaed further
111d the -addendum radiu ,
ts hife been
emen
achief
and
nt
conte
d
relate
performance simulation program. The
reported ia refereace [4).
the CAD 171hm can -not only
lloun r, it ia deur nd ttl be poinhd out that
to doaica twinaero
alto
but
s,
be ~ed to .dee ira twinacre eompresaor
IJihm caa be ued to
the
J,
aimpl
d
rniu
being
lith
.
pump1
n.pandeu or nccum
r.
blowe
Root1
11
do1i1a othor meahedrotor mochinee aueh
CONCLUSION
a specialized CAD SJihl l for twiaaerew
lith 11101 Jtlfl e.ffort,
ayatem can be uaed to do the deiiD
Thi1
ped.
eompreaaora has been deftlo
make the eoaatruetion and
calculations of the acre compreeaora. Aad it can
esaor perfoimanee -reaehea
eom~r
the
let
and
well
match
operatiag parameter
designed with thia CAD
reaior
comp
optimum 'alae. Some tJpes of twinacre
Practical appli catio n
ction.
IJihm hue ncr been put into mau pfodu are '''1 satisfactor7.

reeaor
comp
iadieatea the performances of these
lEFEIENCES

Ro\UJ
mance Aaalyeit of
Faj inn, ll., etc., 'Computer Modeling for Perfor urinr Coahreoee, Purdue
Eacin
reuor
Comp
aal
Sc-rew C011preuor', Iater aatio
Ua"i nn itJ, 1984.
mance Computer Procram for
2. Sinrh, P. ~- and Patel, G., 'A Generalized Perfor
al Compreuor Bnciaeerinc
atioa
Iahrn
',
reuon
Comp
Scnw
Oil Flooded Twin
Conference, Purduo Uniferaity, 1984.

1.

244

3. Jonuon, 8. , 'Performaue SlmuhUou of Twia-Scuw Compnuou with

Ecoaomizer', Internatiooal Compreaaor Ea1ioeerin1 Coaereace,Purdue Unierait7,
1990.
4. PtDI Nensi, Iia1 Ziwea, Dea1 DiDIIUo and Shu Pacch1ng, 'New lotor Profile
and Ita Performaace Prediction of Scrw Compreaaor', Iateraatioaal Compreaaor
Bn1iarin1 Conference, Purdue UaieraitJ, li90.

Tab. 11 Parameters of a aia1le ata1e acrew compre11or

rotor diameter

wup angle

lobe number

rotor lea1th

lllD

DID

mall female

male female

male female

100

326

96

317

70

130

Performance of

Tab. lb

dilchUII Ill 17
openin1 111111

iag1e lUge compnuor

male rotor net ion diacharce delinr1 haft compreuor no in dilchu~re

speed
preuure . preuure J01ume
power unit wich"t
hmperature
r~m
Mila
liP a
mfmia
dB(A)
b
kl
&000

o. 1

1.1

3.

02

27

170

blow hole area

pofile geaeratioo

area utilizatio a
eoeffic ient
cui&7 JOlumt
sact1oa and discharge
port area
cutter coatour

fi1. 1

Conatructioa of the CAD 111tem

245

81

83. 6

Ll11111)
160

50

<pl

100
Fig. a

Con~ac~

line

:Jooo

300

400 600

YoriUI male rotor rotatio n angle

lenc~h

Uart

input compre110r parameters and operating

onditi ou,- medium proper tie

calcula te ceometrical parameter 1uch as

contact line lencth and hlo hole lUI

-t

-define the 1tate parameter during each

orkinc proc111 iaitial l7 ithou t
con1iderinc leakace and flo reita nce

calculate the 1tate parameters actuall J

in each proceu b7 Runce-Kutta method

compreeeor performance data

auch 11 YOlumetric and adiabatic
eff ic ienc7, deliYtt7 olume and por

calcula~t

print and plot the rnul t1

1
1toj )_

Fir. 3

Chart of the performaoee simulation prorum

246

!
II

P/P.

.
o. 1

:i
1 I
I

o. 3
Fig. 6

P ()IPal

'')'
I

Performa1~1

0. 4

0. 6
0. 3

0. II

--I

0.8

0. 1
0. 2

VIVo

~~

I. 0

,,

Fig. 4

0.4

0. 6

V/Vo

I ...

0.8

J. 0

Rel1tlo1 between preaaure and folume

tffected b7 dl1chtr1 port po1illoa

deliur7
JO Jume Q(m/m I11)

...."'

TJ

a. o

ad

ahtll
power Nlbl
A--

&. -

26

- - .........

);.....

..

-A

0. 8

0. 1

~V.:40m/l

----- ----- -~~... ao m/

~V.=

20 rr./1

o. sL-+-oo -t----:t:;:--~t:-~
100

20"

aoo

Fig. 7 Adiabatic efficitiC J ''''u' earl7 opening aorle

under differe11l mele rotor lip 1peed

I. 0

-:.- - i- ..... -

-.

=Jr:

I. 0

a. 8

.A - -l- ....

~- ~

...... t- ....

1. 2

1.

IIi

li

Dhchuge preuure IMPal

---- N Simu latlo11
---- Q Simulatio11
4

Fir. li

H Erper im1111

Q Eaper illtlll

Compan i 01 btlwen 1imu h H 01 111d nper i11e11