Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
TENSES
TENSES
TENSE
CHANGE
SPEECH
Past Simple
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Past Simple/Past Perfect
Past Cont./Perfect Cont.
Past Perfect
Past perfect continuous
Conditional (would)
MODALS/MD. PERFECT
will
can
can/will be able to
shall (for advice/offers)
may
must (obligation)
mustnt (obligation)
must (logical assumption)
modal perfect tenses
CONDITIONALS
type 1 Conditional tense
type 2 & 3 Conditionals
MODALS/MD. PERFECT
Would
could, also could/would
be able to (for future ref.)
should/would
might
had to/to be to/should
______________
mustnt/be
to/shouldnt
not
must
remain the same
CONDITIONALS
Change in Rep. Speech
do not change
Tina said,
I want to study hard this week
Im cleaning the room today.
Tim has broken your vase.
I have been working all day
I tried to phone you
He was cleaning the room.
Gabi had left before I came.
Id been working till yesterday
I will talk to him about it.
MODALS/MD. PERFECT--
I will buy a house one day
I can get a job in London
Hell be able to come next week
When shall I give you a call?
That man may help you
I must feed my dog first
you mustnt smoke here
Tim must be hungry
you could have visited me first
CONDITIONALS---If you try it, you will/can learn it
No change in tenses
Time Expressions:
Change of tenses..
INDIRECT (REPORTED)
SPEECH
DIRECT
Present Simple
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Contnuous
Past Simple
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
past perfect continous
Future Simple
when:
1 an introductory /reported
verb is in present simple,
present Perfect or future.
Sara says, Papa is here
X Sara says papa was here.
Sara says papa is here.
2 Reported verb is in the
present tense when:
a reporting/reading the content of the letter, report,
article, etc.
b conveying/passing on any
messages
c reporting something someone says very often.
a The letter says that I must
b He says he has to leave now.
c Papa often says that I am
too nave for this world.
3 Tenses either change or
remain the same in indirect
speech when reporting:
a up-to-date affairs/states
b General truths/law of nature
b The teacher said that water
boils/boiled at 100 degree C.
4 the tenses in reported
speech is not usually changed
when:
Reported Questions
Introduced with the verbs: ask,
want to know (very common), wonder, inquire Verbs are written in
affirmative expressions such as,
oh, well.., please, you know, etc.
are omitted Wh-questions (what,
why, where, who, what, how long,
when, etc.) in direct speech remain
the same in reported questions
should the question begins with
auxiliary verbs (is, do, have, etc.) or
a modal ( can, will, may, etc.) we
use if/whether in Rep. questions
Reported
request,
suggestions,
commands