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Seccin:Optoelectrnica/Section:Optoelectronics
Simulationoftransmissionperformanceforequalizedholographic
ROADMdesigns
SimulacindelcomportamientoentransmisinparadiseosdeROADMs
hologrficosecualizados
AlfredoMartinMinguez(*),PalomaR.Horche
DepartamentodeTecnologaFotnica,E.T.S.IdeTelecomunicacinUPM,Madrid,Spain.
Email:alfredo.minguez@tfo.upm.es
(*)
Recibido/Received:08/02/2012.Revisado/Revised:10/04/2012.Aceptado/Accepted:24/04/2012.
ABSTRACT:
A complete simulation of the transmission performance for Equalized Holographic ROADM
(ReconfigurableOpticalAddDropMultiplexer)designsispresentedinthispaper.Thesedevicescan
address several wavelengths from the input to different output fibres, according to the holograms
stored in a SLM (Spatial Light Modulator), where all the outputs are equalized in power. All
combinations of the input wavelengths are possible at the different output fibres. To simulate the
transmission performance of the EHROADM, a software program, from Optiwave, has been used.
Thecorrespondencebetweenphysicalblocksofthedevice(grating,SLM,lens)andthosesimulated
in the program (filters, losses, splitters) has been defined in order to obtain a close agreement
between the theoretical transmission performance and the simulated one. To complete the review
aboutequalizedholographicROADMssomeguidelinesaboutitsdesignhavebeendone.
Keywords:ReconfigurableOpticalAddDropMultiplexer,SpatialLightModulator,Coarse
WavelengthDivisionMultiplexing,Banyanswitch,Besselfilter.
RESUMEN:
En este artculo se presenta una simulacin del funcionamiento en transmisin para diseos de
ROADMs(ReconfigurableOpticalAddDropMultiplexer)HologrficosEcualizados.Estosdispositivos
puedendireccionarvariaslongitudesdeondadelasfibrasdeentradaafibrasdesalidadiferentes,
segnloshologramasalmacenadosenunSLM(ModuladorEspacialdeLuz)presentando,adems,la
potenciadesalidaecualizada.ParasimularelfuncionamientoentransmisindelEHROADM,seha
utilizadounprogramadesoftware,delfabricanteOptiwave,particularizadoparanuestraaplicacin.
Lacorrespondenciaentrelosbloquesfsicosdeldispositivo(lareddedifraccin,elSLM,lalente,..)y
aquellos simulados en el programa (filtros, prdidas, divisores de potencia,..) se ha definido para
obtener una concordancia ajustada entre el funcionamiento en transmisin terico y el simulado.
TambinsehanincluidoenelartculoalgunasindicacionessobreeldiseodeROADMsHologrficos
Ecualizados,conelobjetodecompletarlasimulacin.
Palabrasclave:EnrutadorpticoReconfigurable,ModuladorEspacialdeLuz,Multiplexacinpor
DivisinenLongituddeOndaGruesa,ConmutadordeBanyan,FiltrodeBessel.
REFERENCIASYENLACES/REFERENCESANDLINKS
[1]. J.Homa,K.Bala,ROADMarchitecturesandtheirenablingWSStechnology,IEEECommun.Mag.46,
150153(2008).
[2]. B. Fracasso, J. L. de Bougrenet de la Tocnaye, M. Razzak, C. Uche, Design and performance of a
versatile holographic liquidcrystal wavelengthselective optical switch, J. Lightwave Technol. 21,
24052411(2003).
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1. Introduction
ROADMsistheeasywayofchangingtheoptical
wavelength and power level of the signal at the
output by the dynamic implementation of
differenthologramsontheSLMaccordingtothe
requirementsofnetworkmanagement.Afterthe
designofthedevice,describedwithdetailin[4],
a simulation of holographic ROADMs
transmission characteristics, as a previous step
to realize experimental measurements, is the
goalofthiswork.
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Fig.1: Reflectiveholographicrouter.
2. HolographicROADMstructureand
characteristics
Theholographicdeviceusedinthispaperforthe
simulationisformedbyaphasereflectivespatial
light modulator (SLM) and a fixed transmissive
diffraction grating to select the corresponding
output wavelength from an ensemble of
channelsintheinput,asitisshowninFig.1[4].
The role of the fixed diffraction grating is to
provide more wavelength tuning range and
greater total diffraction angle. To optimize
losses, 4phase bar holograms are used with
efficiencyabout80%forthefirstorder[5,6].Ina
holographicrouterthetuningofthewavelength
range is reached by changing the spatial period
ofthehologram / ,where isthenumberof
four bars (4phases), is the number of pixels
(onedimension)and thesizeoftheSLMpixel
[7].
IntrinsicSLMloss:itisduetotheliquidcrystal
(LC)switchingangledifferenttotheoptimaland
the coverage of SLM aperture (1/ 2 of
).Atypicalvalueof2dBisconsidered.
Fibre / lens coupling: by considering 90%
efficiency,1dBisadded.
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Fig.2: Mixedhologramsoperation.
3. EqualizedholographicROADM
optimizeddesign
/2
Theexpressionwhichallowstheselectionofthe
output wavelength , according to the physical
parametersandstructureofthedevice,is[7,4]:
1
2
/2
/2
Opt.PuraApl.45(2)239251(2012)
where
istheinputfibrecorediameterand
the central wavelength in the operation
region. The 3 dB passband filter bandwidth of
theholographicdevice,BW,is:
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TableI
HologramsandactivepixelsforanEHROADM14.
Fibre3
Fibre4
Fibre5
Fibre6
Ni(pixels)
nij (holograms)
3=1511nm 4 =1531nm 5 =1551nm
113
95
78
139
121
103
165
146
128
191
172
153
2561024
2561024
2561024
6 =1571nm xj(m)
61
9538
85
9718
110
9898
135
10078
2561024
TableII
SOAgain,EHROADMlossesandtotalnetgain.
Intrinsicrouterloss(dB)
LHR
Additionalmixedhologram
loss(dB)
LHR
[10log(4)]
Max.gainofSOA,GA(dB)
24
@1531nm
Min.gainofSOA,GA(dB)
22
@1571nm
GA (dB)
Totalloss(dB)
1511nm
1.5
13.5
1531nm
14
1551nm
13
1571nm
12
10
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4. EqualizedholographicROADM
simulation
Banyan switch
T
Optical
multiplexer
1
1c
Tx1 1
SOA
Tx2 2
Tx3 3
2c
Ni
pixels
Tx4 4
3
3c
IN
4
Bessel
optical filters
4c
4nij
holograms
OUT
Fig.3: TransmissionsimulatedschemeforanequalizedholographicROADM.
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Ni
pixels
1c
Comp.
Ref1
2c
Comp.
Optical
atennuators
3c
Ref2
Combiner
1
Demultiplexer
1
i
2
3
4
Comp.
Out
Ref3
4c
Comp.
Feed-back subsystem
Ref4
Fig.4: Feedbackcontrolschemefortheoutputsignalequalization.
simulationsareinagreementwithexperimental
measurements[7].
,and
3
3
Tosimulatethetransmissionperformanceofthe
EHROADM, a software program, OptiSystem
from Optiwave, has been chosen. The complete
1538
1540
1542
1544
1546
1548
1550
1552
1554
1556
1558
1560
1562
1564
1566
0
-5
BW-3dB= 4nm
-10
Hf (dB)
Forwavelengthsclosetothecentral,thefilter
response is very similar to the Gauss filter (5);
for wavelengths far from the central, the filter
response is similar to the 2nd3rd order Bessel
filter(6)withlessoutbandattenuation.Bothof
them have a lineal phase characteristic, which
means, a constant group delay. These
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-15
At (dB)
-20
-25
-30
-35
(nm)
log Hf Bessel 1551_order3
log Hf Gauss_1551
-40
wavelength (nm)
Fig.5.Simulatedresponseoftheholographicfilterdevice.
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Fig.6:Simulatedbinaryswitchoftheholographicdevice.
Fig.7:Schemeforthesimulationoftheholographicdeviceoperation.
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setupisshowninFig.7.Theinputchannelsare
simulated by a WDM transmitter, whose output
levels can be changed to take into account the
different attenuation paths along the network.
To know the value of these power levels,
different optical spectrum check points are
available on the diagram. Bessel filters are
selected at each input wavelength with the
correspondingvariableattenuationtoreachthe
equalizedoutputs.
5. Holographicrouterwith
conversionandlosses
compensationforMETRO
networks
TableIII
SignalsattheintermediatepointB:Outputfilterchannels2and3.
EHROADM1
Input(A):Output1x4Mux
Power:313dBm(inputchannelswith10dBofpowerdifference)
Intermediate(B):OutputBesselfilterchannel2)and3)
Channel 2
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Channel 3
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TableIV
a)1,2,3,4channelsinoutput1;b)1,2channelsinoutput1and3,4inoutput4;c)1,2,3channelsinoutput1and4in
output4.
Input(A):Output1x4Mux
1,2,3,4inputchannelswith10dBofpowerdifference:313dBm
A)EHROADM1
1,2,3,4outputchannelsareavailable
inoutput1
Output1(D)>Power:2.73.1dBm
Control
a b c d e f
1 1 0 0 1 1 1
Bany 2 1 0 0 1 1 1
an
3 1 0 0 1 1 1
Switc 4 1 0 0 1 1 1
h
1
2
3
4
Att(dB)
9
7
3
0
Allchannelsareavailableinoutput1with
Input
Output1
apowerripple<0.5dB
B)EHROADM2
1,2outputchannelsareavailableinoutput1
and3,4inoutput4
Output1(D)>Power:2.83.2dBm
Output4(G)>Power:2.83.2dbm
Control
a b c d e f
1 1 0 1 1 1 1
Banyan 2 0 0 1 1 0 1
Switch 3 0 0 1 1 1 1
4 1 1 1 0 0 1
1
2 3 4
Att(dB)
12
10
6
3
1,2channelsareavailableinoutput1
and3,4inoutput4
Output1
C)EHROADM3
1,2,3outputchannelsareavailableinoutput
1and4inoutput4
Output1(D)>Power:2.83.2dBm
Output4(G)>Power:2.83.2dbm
Control
a b c d e f
1 1 0 1 1 1 1
Banyan 2 0 0 1 0 0 1
Switch 3 1 0 0 1 1 1
4 0 0 0 0 0 1
1
2 3 4
Att(dB)
9
7
6
6
1,2,3channelsareavailableinoutput1
and4inoutput4
Output1
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Output4
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Control
Control
Tunable laser
CW1
CW1
CW2
CWj
SOA
CW3
HOLOGRAPHIC
ROUTER
CW4
i (modulated )
gain : 22 dB
CW2
CW3
CW4
losses : 12 dB
Net Gain: 10 dB
Wavelengthholographicrouter.Thesimulation
ofthisdevicehasbeenexplainedintheformer
section. In this example a simple operation
mode has been chosen: routing of up to 4
different wavelengths (depending on the
tunablelaserwavelength)attheinputfiberto
4 output fibers, according to the hologram
value.
6. Conclusions
ThesimulationofequalizedholographicROADM
devices for applications in CWDM optical
networks has been done with a commercial
program, OptiSystem from Optiwave. These
devices by using a mixed hologram,
corresponding to the combination of several
input wavelengths, the tuning of a broad range
of wavelengths is obtained allowing the full
routing ofseveral channelsfromthe input fibre
to the outputs. As it is possible to change the
active pixels in the SLM for each hologram, in
order to maintain a fixed output power level,
channel equalization has been reached. These
characteristics have been simulated by a
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Fig.9:WavelengthConversionandRoutingHolographicDevice(WCRHD)simulation
a)SignalPower
b)QFactorc)EyeDiagram
Fig. 10 WCRHD response for a 2.5 Gbit/s input signal: a) i=1540 nm, with wavelength conversion 0=1520 nm, and losses
compensation,b)Qfactor100andc)BER0.
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Acknowledgments
Theauthorsgratefullyacknowledgethesupport
oftheMICINN(Spain)throughprojectTEC2010
18540(ROADtoPON).
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