Design of footing

Combined
footing

Combined footing:6.6. Design of combined footing:

Here in this project we have four-combined footing below the following
columns:
1. Column (B 1) & column (C 1).
2. Column (B 2) & column (C 2).
3. Column (B 8) & column (C 8).
4. Column (B 9) & column (C 9).
The following design is of the second one and the given data are from
Computer analysis program (SAP2000), where the average safety factor is 1.44:
Table (6.6) Loads & moment on combined footing:

Column 1 ( C 8 )

Deign load
Ultimate
Working
Nu ( KN )
Nw ( KN )
1175.331
816.202

Column 2 ( B 8 )

1598.166

1109.838

2773.497

1926.040

Columns

Moment @ x-x
Ultimate
Working
Mux(KN.M)
Mwx (KN.M)
2.440
1.694
-3.790

-2.632

6.6.1. Designing:
Step 1: Determination of footing dimension:
Determination of required height :
Effective depth d = 10 Nu
D = 10 2531.12 = 526.6 mm.
h = Clear cover + effective height + / 2.
= 526.6 + 40 + 18 / 2 = 575.6 mm.
Say h = 600 mm.
dmax = 600 40 18 / 2 = 551 mm.
dmin = 600 40 18 18 / 2 = 533 mm.
: Determination of required area
A = (NW + self-weight of footing) / Pb.
Assume A = B * L.
:. B * L = (NW + Ncw) / Pb
= (NW + f * hf * b * L) / Pb
= Nw / [Pb (f * hf) (s * hs)],

Moment @ y-y
Ultimate
Working
Muy(KN.M)
Mwy(KN.M)
2.190
1.521
-0.245

-0.170

Design of footing

Combined
footing

Where:
Nw Working load which transferred from building.
Nfw Working load of footing = 8% of working load.
Pb = Soil bearing capacity = 120 KN /m2.
:. B * L = 1926.04*1.08 / 120
= 17.33 m2.
Say provided area = A = 5.00 * 3.75 = 18.75 mm2. (Rectangular footing).

Step 2: Check for Area:

A = Total working load / Soil bearing capacity
A = (NW + Ncw) / Pb
= (NW + f * hf * b * L) / Pb
= (1926.04 + 24 * 0.6 * 5.00 * 3.75) / 120
= 1926.04 + 270 = 2196.04 / 120 = 18.30 mm2 < 18.75 mm2. [OK]
The cross-section is satisfactory.

Step 3: Determination of footing position and shape:

Moment @ x-axis :
Take for moment in clock-wise positive sign
1.694+ (816.202*0.15) 2.632 = 1926.04 * e
e = 0.0631 mm.
Since the eccentricity is very small, so we can neglect it.
Moment @ y-axis :
Take for moment in clock-wise positive sign
Resultant load = R = 1109.838 + 816.202 = 1926.04KN.
1109.838 * 2.05 + 1.521 0.170 = R * x1
x1 = 2276.52 / 1926.04 = 1.18 m.
e = (L/2) - (1.18+1.4)
= (5/2) - (1.18+1.4) = -0.08
Fig (6.6) Section of
Combined footing about x-axis

Design of footing

Combined
footing

Fig. (6.7)Section of combined footing about y-axis

Step 4: Check for maximum soil pressure:

Fig (6.8) Final shape and position of combined footing

Design of footing

Combined
footing

Moment in clock wise in positive sign:

Pmax = Nwt / A +(Rw.e* x / Iy-y) + ((Myw1 + Myw2) * x / Iy-y) - ((Mxw1 + Mxw2 )* y / Ix-x)
where:
Nwt = Nw + Nfw
Nfw = 24 * 0.60 * 5.00 * 3.75 = 252.00 KN.
:. Total working load :
Nwt = 1926.04 + 252.00 = 2178.04 KN
Mwx1 = 1.694 KN.m, Mwx2 = - 2.632 KN.m
Mwy1 = 1.521 KN.m, Mwy2 = -0.170 KN.m
Ix-x = bh3 / 12 = 5 * 3.753 / 12 = 21.97 m4, y = b / 2 = 3750 / 2 = 1875 mm.
Iy-y = hb3 / 12 = 53 * 3.75 / 12 = 39.06 m4, x = h / 2 = 5000 / 2 = 2500 mm.
R.e = 1926.04 * -0.08= -155.41 KN.m.
:.Pmax= 2178.04 / (5*3.75) + (-155.41 * 2.5 / 39.06) + (1.521 + -0.170) * 2.5 / 39.06)
+ (1.694 + -2.632 * 1.875 / 21.97)
= 107.18 KN/m2. < 120 KN/m2
The cross-section is satisfactory.

Step 5: Design of moment reinforcement:P1 = Nut / A + (Ru.e* x / Iy-y) + ((Myu1 + Myu2) * x / Iy-y) + ((Mxu1 + Mxu2 )* y / Ix-x)
= 2773.497 / (5*3.75) + (-223.79 * 2.5 / 39.06) + (2.190 + -0.245) * 2.5 / 39.06) +
(2.440 + -3.740 * 1.875 / 21.97)
= 133.61 KN/m2.
P2 = Nwt / A +(R.e* x / Iy-y) + ((Myw1 + Myw2) * x / Iy-y) - ((Mxw1 + Mxw2 )* y / Ix-x)
= 2773.497 / (5*3.75) + (-223.79 * 2.5 / 39.06) + (2.190 + -0.245) * 2.5 / 39.06) (2.440 + -3.740 * 1.875 / 21.97)
=133.84 KN/m2.
P3 = Nwt / A -(R.e* x / Iy-y) - ((Myw1 + Myw2) * x / Iy-y) - ((Mxw1 + Mxw2 )* y / Ix-x)
= 2773.497 / (5*3.75) - (-223.79 * 2.5 / 39.06) - (2.190 + -0.245) * 2.5 / 39.06) (2.440 + -3.740 * 1.875 / 21.97)
= 162.23 KN/m2.
P4 = Nwt / A -(R.e* x / Iy-y) - ((Myw1 + Myw2) * x / Iy-y) + ((Mxw1 + Mxw2 )* y / Ix-x)
= 2773.497 / (5*3.75) - (-223.79 * 2.5 / 39.06) - (2.190 + -0.245) * 2.5 / 39.06) +
(2.440 + -3.740 * 1.875 / 21.97)
= 162.00 KN/m2.

Design of footing

Combined
footing

5.1. Design the footing:We get the result of analysis the footing from computer program (SAP2000)
Moment at mid between the columns:Md = 371.74 kN.m.
Mur = 0.156 * fcu * b * d2 = 0.156 * 25*103 * 3.75 * 0.5512= 4440.16 KN.m.
Mur > Md (Singly)
Md / (bd2) = 371.74 * 106 / (3750 * 5512) = 0.327
Astreq = 0.327 * 1.21 * 551 * 3750 / 250 = 3265.37 mm2 ............. From table
Astreq /m width =3265.37/3.75 =870.77mm2
Astmin = 0.24 * 1000 * 600 / 100
= 1400 mm2 > Astreq.
Astpro = 18 mm @ 125 c/c (2036 mm2).

Distribution reinforcement:
Also for distribution, reinforcement provides same area (Astmin).

Check for shear:Critical shear force at distance d from face of support (from SAP program):
Vd =98.84 kN
vd =98.84 * 103 / ( 1000 * 551 ) = 0.179N/mm2
Where 0.179 (0.8 25 = 4) & 5 N/mm2
Shear resistance of concrete = Vc
Vc = [ 0.79 * ( 100 *Astpro / bw * d)(1/3) *( 400 / d )(1/4) *( fcu / 25 )(1/3) ] / 1.25
(100 * Astpro) / (b * d) = (100 * 2036) / (1000 * 551) = 0.370 < 3.0 [OK]
400 / 551 = 400 / 551 = 0.725 < 1.0
: .Take 400 / d = 1
fcu / 25 = 25/ 25 = 1
vc = ( 0.79 * 3 0.370 * 41 * 31 ) / 1.25 = 0.45 N/mm2
vc = 0.45> v = 0.179
The cross-section is satisfactory so provide nominal
Sv = (0.87 * fy * Asv) / (vs * b)
= (0.87 * 250 * 101) / (0.4 * 1000) = 55 mm
In clause (3.4.5.5) of the code state that spacing of the links should not be exceed
0.75d in the direction of the span
0.75d = 0.75 * 551 = 713.25 mm > 55 mm
Provide 8 mm links at 50 c/c

Design of footing

Combined
footing

Check for punching shear:-

So that the cross-section is satisfactory for shear at "d" therefore the cross-section is
satisfactory for punching at "1.5d".