Defective Ground Structure Microstrip Patch Antenna For ISM, Wi-MAX and C-Band Using U Slotted Structure

International Journal of Advance Foundation and Research in Computer (IJAFRC)
Volume 2, Issue 10, October - 2015. ISSN 2348 4853, Impact Factor 1.317
Defective Ground Structure Microstrip Patch Antenna For

ISM, Wi-MAX And C-Band Using U Slotted Structure
Asst. Prof. D.D.Ahire, S.R.Bhirud
Matoshri College of Engineering and Research Centre, Nasik, Savitri Bai Phule Pune University,Pune
dda007132@gmail.com, supsbhirud@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Improvement of bandwidth can be achieved with loading of slotted ground plane of microstrip patch
antenna. This structure experimentally improves impedance bandwidth by 70% with non-slotted
microstrip patch antenna. U shape slot on microstrip patch is useful to tune antenna in Dual band (WiMax and ISM Band). The effect of ground slot is to enhance bandwidth as well as gain. The length and
position of ground slot also affect on higher frequency band. The proposed antenna fulfills requirement
of impedance bandwidth for ISM. The dimension of proposed antenna (in terms of lambda). Details of
proposed dual frequency microstrip patch antenna design are described and typical experimental results
are presented. Measured results are compared with simulated data obtained from CADFEKO.
Index terms: Dual Band, ISM Band, U slot, Ground Slot
I.
INTRODUCTION
The recent multimedia portable wireless devices demands multiband antennas. The frequency range
(insert bandwidth range) is used for ISM and C Band. Slotting technique for design of dual band
microstrip patch antenna has been presented. In [1], U.Chakraborty, et.al proposed a compact dual-band
rectangular microstrip antenna (RMSA) by two different single-slotted single-band rectangular
microstrip antennas with slotted ground plane.This geometry of the dual-band is proposed for WLAN
Band (5.155.35 and 5.7255.825 GHz). The average compactness of this design is about 53.73%. Dualband operation (1.34 and 2.87 GHz) is achieved by manipulating the fundamental resonant mode of the
patch antenna and one of its higher order modes [2]. In [3] J. A. Ansari et.alproposed a new design. A U
slot is cut in lower patch which is positioned symmetrically with respect to feed point. The upper patch
and lower patch are separated with air gap. Theantennas resonate in dual band at 3.44 GHz and 4.60GHz
respectively and give broadband characteristics. Also the antenna shows an impedance bandwidth of
36.40%.
By integrating a half U slot and a rectangular slot inside the RMSA, a new compact broadband
configuration is proposed [4]. The proposed slotted RMSA on the foam substrate gives the BW of 220
MHz (24.6%).With the loading of a pair of right-angle slots and a modified U-shaped slot in a rectangular
microstrip patch, novel bandwidth enhancement (1.1%) of microstrip antennas is demonstrated.
Required dimensions of the right-angle slots and modified U-shaped slot for bandwidth enhancement
with good radiating characteristics have been determined experimentally and the obtained antenna
bandwidth can be as large as about 2.4 times that of a corresponding unslotted rectangular microstrip
antenna [5].Research group proposed a planar dual-band antenna using a very compact radiator to cover
all the 2.4/5.2/5.8GHz WLAN operating bands. The radiator consists of L-shaped and E-shaped elements
resonating at around 5.5 and 2.44 GHz, respectively [6].
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Design of an inverted patch structure with air filled dielectric, direct coaxial probe feed technique and the
novel slotted shaped patch is presented in [7]. The composite effect of integrating these techniques and
proposed by introducing the new multi-slotted patch offers a low profile, high gain, broadband and
compact antenna element. Using this concept a wide impedance bandwidth of 27.62% at -10db return
loss is achieved. The maximum achievable gain is9.41dbi.
In this paper the design of dual band microstrip patch antenna for ISM (2.45GHz) and C (4.693GHz) band
application is achieved by U slot on patch embedded with grounded U slot. The ground U slot shifted up
the higher frequency band and achieved 70% enhancement in bandwidth with reference to basic
microstrip patch antenna. Next section details parametric study used to develop the design of microstrip
patch antenna and U shape slot on the patch. Section III gives the effect of ground slot. Section IV describe
the experiment and discuss the measured result to validate the design. Finally we summarize the
conclusion in section V.
II. U SLOTTED RECTANGULAR MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA
The geometry of rectangular microstrip patch antenna (Antenna 1)is work as a basic patch antenna.
Length of patch is 0.233 0 and width is 0.305 0. Substrate dimension is 0.3118 0 X 0.3840 0 X 0.013 0.
Material used to design RMSA is FR4 with dielectric constant 4.4 and loss tangent of 0.02. Antenna is feed
through coaxial probe feed at 6.95 from lower edge. The width and length of the patch has been
calculated using following equation of transmission line model.
2
1+
Where,
'
Where
' =Effective Dielectric constant
L Leff 2L
=0.412
)'
$ . %&
+1
+
2
=
!"#
.&#
2 1 + 12
+ '
c=Velocity of Light in free space
Leff=Effective length of the Patch
L=Length Extension of the Patch
The equivalent circuit of rectangular microstrip patch antenna is presented in Fig 2.where R, L, Cof
patch are given by,
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Fig.1 Equivalent Circuit of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna
C1=
e 0 LW
2h
z
cos 2 0
L
L1 =
1
C1 r2
& R1 =
Q
r C1
In the second stage U shape slot is loaded on RMSA (Antenna II).
Fig. 2 U Slot Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna
U Slot loaded patch is analyzed by considering two sections in the patch. First section is an E shaped
patch and second as microstrip bend line. Section 1 is analyzed as a patch in which single vertical notches
are incorporated. This perturbation in the patch changes the current length which is accounted for by an
additional series inductance L and series capacitance C. So the equivalent circuit of section 1 is
modified in which
L2= L+ L
C2= C+ C
The additional inductance is given as
Where,
,1 =
,2 =
) =
,1 + ,2
. 78
tan 6
9
.,0
16. cos$ )
120.
:8
:8
+ 1.393 + 0.667 ln
+ 1.444#
120.
:8 2@
:8 2@
+ 1.393 + 0.667 ln
+ 1.444#
The additional capacitance is given by,

A = 278
Where,
2E1 + GH
.@
0
.L0
B7C D
+ 0.013 K . cos $
I + 7C coth
4
@
.
)'
1 + G
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M = +1 + M
2:8
1
@
M =
:8 :8 @
1+
#
#
@
@
The second section is considered as two microstrip bend line and the equivalent impedance of the shape
is given as,
1
1
+ O AN
O )N
AN
:8
= 9.5 + 1.25
+ 5.2 + 7.0 QR/T
:N
,N = O )N +
and
2)N
:N
= 100 U4V
4.21W CX
Combining the above two sections we consider U slot loaded patch and its equivalent circuit as given in
the figure.
Fig. 3 Equivalent Circuit of U Slot Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna
It results in change in capacitance and inductance due to insertion of U slot in a patch. Because of change
in C and L of slotted patch, antenna tuned in multiband (2.47GHz, 3.541GHz, 4.25GHz) having
considerable impedance bandwidth with respect to antenna 1. Simulated reflection coefficient versus
frequency plot of antenna 1 and 2 shown in fig. 5. It is observed that lower resonating frequency shifted
towards lower side due to decrease in vertical arm length of U slot. It is also observed that lower
resonating frequency shifted towards higher side due to increase in horizontal arm length. Along with U
slot vertical and horizontal arm length, if the length and width of the patch varies, results on
enhancement of bandwidth and helps to achieve desire resonating frequency.
III. U SLOTTED RMSA WITH GROUND SLOT
Antenna 1 and 2 are combined with ground slot (Antenna 3). The ground slot length and position is same
as U slotted rectangular microstrip patch antenna. Simulated results of U Slotted and ground slotted
rectangular microstrip patch antenna are compared. Simulated -10db impedance bandwidth of antenna 3
are 2.474GHz- 2.691GHz and 4.313GHz-4.359GHz which shows the resonant frequency of final design is
at center frequency of two bands (ISM Band and C Band). Simulated results of antenna 1 and antenna 2
and antenna 3 are given in table I.
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Fig.4 (a)
(Antenna 1)
Fig. 4(b)
(Antenna 2)
Fig. 5(a)
Fig. 4(c)
(Antenna 3)
Fig. 5(b)
Fig. 5(c
Table I Simulated Result of Antenna I, II, and III

Sr.
No
1
2
Structure
Frequency /Band
Return Loss
Gain
Bandwidth
Antenna 1
Antenna 2
2.45e9(ISM Band)
2.47e9(ISM Band)
-53.77db
-16.03db
2.28db
1.01db
68MHz
49MHz
3.53e9(WiMax
Band)
-24.03db
2.14db
87MHz
Antenna 3
-14.7db
-8.6db
50MHz
4.101e9(C Band)
2.577e9(ISM Band)
-14.21db
4.31db
225MHz
4.33e9(C Band)
-18.37db
8.63db
46MHz
IV. MEASURED RESULT

Three antennas designs are shown in figure 6. Testing of design antennas is done using Agilent
technologies vector network analyzer N9912A and Field Fox Vector Network Analyzer N9912A.
Measured reflection coefficient with frequency plot of Antenna 1, Antenna 2, and Antenna 3 is shown in
figure 7. Measured results comparatively agree with simulated results. All results are presented in table
2. The size reduction of proposed antenna is obtained about 25.12%.
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Fig. 6(a)
Fig. 6(b)
Fig. 7(a)
Fig. 6 (c)
Fig. 7(b)
Fig. 7(c)
Fig. 8 Impedance of particular antenna
Table-II Comparison of Measured Result and Simulated Result

Design/Parameter Resonant
frequency
of proposed
antennas
Simulated
Results of
resonant
frequency
S11
Return Loss
Simulated
Measured
results of
resonant
frequency
S11 Return
Loss
Measured
Antenna 1
2.45e9
2.47e9
3.53e9
4.2e9
2.57e9
4.33e9
-53.77db
-16db
-24.03db
-14db
-14db
-18db
2.45e9
2.49e9
3.5e9
3.92e9
2.55e9
4.4e9
-23.15db
-23db
-15db
-24db
-22db
-21db
Antenna 2
2.45GHz
2.45 GHz
4.4 GHz
Antenna 3
2.45GHz
4.5 GHz
V. CONCLUSION
A dual band rectangular microstrip patch antenna is designed for (give both band name and frequency
also). Initially three -10db impedance band are generated by loading U slot on patch. Later these designs
are loaded with ground U slot which resonate the antenna at two bands. Good matching between
simulated and measured results. Reasonably good value of VSWR of both the bands isobtained. The
proposed antenna used for application of ISM and C band.
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VI. REFERENCES
[1]
U.Chakraborty, A.Kundu, S.K.Chowdhury, and A.K.Bhattacharjee, Compact Dual-Band Microstrip

Antenna for IEEE 802.11a WLAN Application,IEEE Antennasand Wireless Propagation Letters,
Vol.13, pp.407-410, 2014
[2]
Y.P.Zhang, Design and Experiment on Differentially Driven Microstrip AntennasIEEE

transaction on antenna and wireless prorogation letters, vol.55, No.10, pp.2701-2708 , October
2007
J. A. Ansari, and R.B.Ram, Broadband Stacked U-Slot Microstrip Patch Antenna,Progress in
Electromagnetic Research Letters, Vol. 4, pp. 17-24, 2008
[3]
[4]
A.A.Deshmukh, and K.P.Ray, Compact Broadband Slotted Rectangular Microstrip Antenna,IEEE

Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,Vol. 8, pp.1410-1413, 2009
[5]
A.Mishra, P.Singh, N.P.Yadav, and J.A.Ansari, Compact Shorted Microstrip Patch Antenna for Dual
Band Operation, Progress in Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 9, pp. 171-182, 2009
[6]
J.Y.Sze, and K.L.Wong, Slotted Rectangular Microstrip Antenna for Bandwidt Enhancement,IEEE
Transaction on Antenna and Wireless Prorogation Letters, Vol.48, pp.1149-1152, August 2000
[7]
L.Lui, S.W.Cheung, and T.I.Yuk, Dual Band Antenna with Compact Radiator for 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz
WLAN Application,IEEE Transaction Antennas Propagation, Vol.60, No.12, pp. 5924-5931,Dec
2012
[8]
M.T.Islam, Multi Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Communication,Progress in

Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 10, pp. 11-18, 2009
[9]
S.Sharma, and B.R.Vishvakarma, Analysis of Slot Loaded Microstrip Patch Antenna, Indian
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[10]
K.L.Wong, Compact and Broadband Microstrip Antennas, 2002
[11]
R. Garg Microstrip patch antenna design handbook, Artech House, 2001
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Constantine A. Balanis ; Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design, John Wiley &Sons Inc 2nd edition.
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D.D.Ahire, S.R.Bhirud, Performance Enhancement of Microstrip Patch Antennas Using Slotting : A

Review, International Journal of Advance Foundation and Research in Computer Volume 2, Issue
8, August - 2015. ISSN 2348 4853.
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Defective Ground Structure Microstrip Patch Antenna For ISM, Wi-MAX and C-Band Using U Slotted Structure

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