Sample specifications should always be tailored to site specific conditions and design intent.

Verification testing of work should be focused on quality aspects most important to satisfying the
design. Hayward Baker Inc. makes no representation or warranty as to the applicability of this
specification to a particular design or use and shall not be liable for the use of this draft
specification, whether in whole or in part.
Contact a Hayward Baker office for assistance with tailoring this guide specification to your project.
SAMPLE SPECIFICATIONS
FOR SOIL FRACTURE GROUTING/COMPENSATION GROUTING TO MITIGATE SETTLEMENTS
DURING SOFT GROUND TUNNELING
PART 1
1.01

1.02

GENERAL
INTRODUCTION
A.

Grouting Grouting, also known as Compensation Grouting, is the injection and hydrofracturing
with grout slurry of the soil between the foundation to be controlled and the process causing the
settlement. Grout slurry is forced into fractures, thereby causing an expansion to take place
counteracting the settlement that occurs or producing a controlled heave of the foundation.
Multiple injections and multiple levels of fractures create a complementary reinforcement zone.

B.

Suitable Soils: most low permeability soil types ranging from weak rocks to clays.

C.

Applications: reduction or reversal of differential or total settlement, and

prevention of the settlement of buildings as tunneling is carried out.

INTENT
The intent of the Grouting program specified herein is to provide soil reinforcement within the limits
indicated on the project drawings to achieve the degree of improvement required to meet the performance
criteria in section 1.08 of these specifications.

1.03

STANDARDS AND REFERENCES

A.

The most recent version of the following testing methods may be employed:
1.
2.
3.

B.

Reference documents as provided to the Grouting Contractor shallinclude:

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.04

This specification.
Project drawings:
a.
Engineers existing underground utilities plan in the work area.
Project geotechnical report.
Contract documents.

DEFINITIONS
A.

Field Quality Control Representative (FQCR): The individual given specific inspection tasks
identified in this specification.

B.
1.05

SCOPE OF WORK

A.

The work shall consist of installation, monitoring and testing of the grouting within the limits
indicated on (..............................) drawing no..................to meet the acceptance criteria
presented in Section 3.02 of these specifications.

B.

In connection with the grouting program, as shown on the drawings, the Grouting Contractor
shall provide all labor, materials, and equipment to accomplish the following items of work:
1.
2.
3.

Predrilling of holes as necessary, and disposal/stockpiling of all spoil.

Installation of the grouting to the lines and grades on the project drawing.
All quality control inspections and tests

C.
It shall be the Grouting Contractors responsibility to determine and implement the
systems and criteria to ensure that the specified performance is achieved.
1.06

SUBMITTALS
A.

The following shall be submitted to the Owners representative by the Grouting Contractor with
the bid documents:
1.

B.

C.

D.

The following shall be submitted to the Owners representative by the Grouting Contractor three
weeks prior to the start of the work:
1.

Resumes of the management, supervisory, and key personnel, for approval by the
Owners representative.

2.

A detailed grouting plan for the area, specifying the locations and grout-pipe installation
procedures. The work plan shall show the basis for establishing grout target volumes for
both preconditioning and compensation grout phases.

3.

A ground improvement QC plan, as detailed in section 3.03 of these specifications.

4.

A shop drawing for review, indicating the location, and depth of the Grouting to achieve
the criteria outlined in this specification.

5.

A schedule of work tasks and time for completion.

The following shall be submitted to the Owners representative by the Grouting Contractor
during the work:
1.

Accurate daily records that include..

2.

Any change in the predetermined Grouting program necessitated by a change in the

subsurface conditions.

The following shall be submitted to the Owners representative by the Grouting Contractor after
the work:
1.

1.07

A list of at least five previously completed projects of similar scope and purpose for
approval by the Owners representative. The list shall include a description of the
project, relative size, and contact person with phone number.

A report documenting the observations and results of the tests. This report will certify
that

QUALIFIED CONTRACTORS
A.

The Grouting Contractor shall be pre-qualified before bidding on this work. Pre-qualified
contractors are:

1.
2.
1.08

Hayward Baker Inc.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
Grouting shall be performed until the following criteria are met:
1.
2.

1.09

QUALITY ASSURANCE
A.

The Grouting program shall be performed by a specialist Grouting Contractor with at least five
continuous years of documented experience in grouting.

B.

The Grouting Contractor shall provide experienced management, supervisory and key personnel
as required to implement the grouting program, as follows:
1.

The Project Manager shall have at least five years of continuous experience in Grouting,
with at least the last two years in the full-time employment of the Grouting Contractor.

2.

The superintendent shall have at least two years of experience in grouting.

3.

C.

As detailed in Section 1.06 of these specifications, the Soil Fracture Grouting Contractor
shall provide:
a.

Evidence of previous Grouting project experience.

b.

Evidence of management, supervisory and key personnel experience.

The Owners representative will ensure that procedures and documentation conform to these
specifications.

PART 2 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

2.01

EQUIPMENT
A.

General
1.

B.

Pumps
1.

C.

All grouting equipment shall be of a type, capacity and mechanical capability suitable
for doing the work. The equipment shall be maintained in first class operating condition
at all times. Any grout hole that is lost or damaged due to mechanical failure of
equipment, inadequacy of grout supply, or improper injection procedure shall be
properly filled and replaced by another hole, drilled by the contractor at his expense.

A minimum of four positive displacement grout pumps shall be capable of controlled

pumping pressures up to 1000 psi and pumping rates between 1 gallon per minute and
10 gallons per minute. Each grout pump must be capable of displaying both pressure
and injection volume. Pumps for the injection of chemical accelerator must be capable of
maintaining component ratios constant over the specified grout pumping ranges.

Injection Pipes
1.

Injection pipes are to be steel sleeve port type with injection points at regular intervals as
required for adequate grouting ability for the project. Flexible sleeves over injection
ports must of material compatible with grout and chemical accelerators.

D.

E.

Packers and Hoses

1.

Packers are to be pneumatic or hydraulically activated doubles capable of isolating

individual injection ports. Packers must be able to create a tight seal at an injection port
able to withstand the full range of pumping pressures. Hoses for grout must be sized to
withstand appropriate pumping pressure and flow.

2.

Hoses must also be of sufficient rigidity to move packers along the full length of grout
pipes. Grout hoses must be bundled with required water, air, and chemical additive
hoses to assure appropriate cleaning of grout pipes.

Hose Reel
1.

F.

Drill Rigs
1.

2.02

Hose bundles must be maintained in good operating condition and stored on reels placed
near the grout pipes. Reels must be equipped with a triple rotary union to maintain the
capability and continuity of all individual hoses within the hose bundle.

Furnish suitable drill rigs for installation of the grout pipes with a drilling system to
penetrate the formation without caving or collapse.

GROUT MIXES
A.

Cementitious grout mixes must be designed to minimize excess bleed water and shrinkage.
Chemical additives will be utilized as necessary to make grout gel times controllable to 10
seconds in order to control lift in discrete areas after repeated injections at short intervals.

PART 3 EXECUTION
3.01

SITE INSPECTION
A.

3.02

If an adjacent building is within ___ feet of the Grouting work area, a relevant building
examination shall be performed prior to initiating work. The building must also be monitored
during any work within ___ feet of the structure. The work shall be stopped and the engineer
notified if any building settlement is observed.

INSTALLATION AND CONTROL

A.

B.

Grout Pipe Installation

1.

Grout pipes may be installed horizontally, inclined, or vertically to obtain the specified
minimum grout coverage. Installation of pipes shall allow for sufficient redundancy to
compensate for abortive grout ports and pipes. All grout pipes shall be accurately
surveyed for alignment using a suitable computer based borehole survey tool. The hole
survey tool must be able to verify the required grout pipe layout.

2.

After being placed in a borehole, the sleeve-port grout pipes shall be encased in a
continuous brittle mortar sheath.

3.

Additional grout pipes will be installed as necessary to provide grout sleeve coverage to
critical areas subject to large drilling tolerance.

Movement Monitoring
1.

____ Contractor shall design, supply, install and operate a structural movement
monitoring system consistent with the flexibility of the structure and the engineers
criteria for settlement and angular distortion. Monitoring and presentation of all
settlement data must enable compensation grouting at a rate faster than the predicted

maximum rate of settlement.

2.

C.

Precondition Grouting
1.

D.

The Grouting Contractor shall inject grout to tighten up the ground and to register heave
on the structure where further injections result in rapid controlled heave.

Compensation Grouting
1.

3.03

For large sensitive structures, a monitoring system capable of reading and processing
movements in real time with sufficient accuracy to identify angular distortions of 1 in
2,500 is required. Such a system would comprise a series of electro-levels or hydraulic
overflow gauges.

The Grouting Contractor shall inject grout to compensate for settlement as recorded by
the movement monitoring system. Repeated, discrete injections must be capable of
lifting the structure at a rate and magnitude greater then that of the predicted maximum
settlement. To enable possible future grouting to be carried out, injection tubes to be
flushed clean to permit post-tunneling grout injection for control of long-term
settlements as required.

FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A.

B.

Inspections
1.

All grouting operations shall be performed under the inspection of the FQCR.

2.

Monitoring and logging of Grouting operations for both test areas and production work
shall be done by the FQCR.

3.

The FQCR will provide site inspection to insure performance of the Grouting work. This
inspection may include the following: observance of the Grouting Contractors
procedures, recording of grout quantities, and _________.

4.

Grout samples shall be submitted to the Engineer for analysis to establish the suitability,
the cost of which will be borne by the Owner.

Testing / Trial Grouting Program

The effectiveness of the production Grouting will be demonstrated by a trial grouting program.
The Contractor will install grout tubes dedicated to the test. The grout tube spacings, installation,
materials, procedures and equipment shall be identical to that intended to be used on the
production work. The Contractor will install at least two ground settlement monitoring points at
suitable locations in the test area. The two points shall be surveyed and tied into the project
control movements. The test shall include at least the following:
1.
Demonstrate the ability to lift one point 1-inch and lift the second point
simultaneously and sufficiently to maintain angular distortion to within 1/1,500.
2.
Demonstrate the ability to lift the two monitoring points at a rate equal to the
maximum rate of settlement calculated for the tunnel boring machine advancing per day
with ___ percent face loss.

3.05

RESTRICTIONS
A.

Grouting is typically performed under the site permit. The Owner or General Contractor shall be
responsible for obtaining any state and local permits (if required) and conforming to all state and
local regulations.

B.

The Owner will be responsible for the precise delineation of all above and below ground utilities
and obstructions.

C.

The following shall also be listed within this section when applicable:
1.

Environmental restrictions.

2.

Work boundaries.

3.

Hours for construction.

PART 4 PAYMENT
4.01

METHOD OF PAYMENT
A.

Mobilization and demobilization shall be a separate lump sum item.

B.

Design and installation of the grouting shall be a separate lump sum.

C.

Load testing may be priced as a lump sum or unit price based on the grouting specified.