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Systems of Equations
A set of equations is called a system of
equations.
The solutions must satisfy each equation in the
system.
If all equations in a system are linear, the system
is a system of linear equations, or a linear
system.
Inconsistent
One solution
No solution
Lines intersect
Dependent
Infinite number of
solutions
Coincide-Same
line
6
2x y = 2
x + y = -2
2x y = 2
-y = -2x + 2
y = 2x 2
x + y = -2
y = -x - 2
Different slope, different intercept!
8
3x + 2y = 3
3x + 2y = -4
3x + 2y = 3
2y = -3x + 3
y = -3/2 x + 3/2
3x + 2y = -4
2y = -3x -4
y = -3/2 x - 2
Same slope, different intercept!!
9
x y = -3
2x 2y = -6
x y = -3
-y = -x 3
y =x+3
2x 2y = -6
-2y = -2x 6
y=x+3
Substitution Method:
Procedure for Substitution Method
1. Solve one of the equations for one of the variables.
2. Substitute the expression found in step 1 into the
other equation.
3. Now solve for the remaining variable.
4. Substitute the value from step 2 into the equation
written in step 1, and solve for the remaining
variable.
Substitution Method:
1. Solve the following system of equations by
substitution.
y x3
x y 5
Step 2:Substitute x+3 into
2nd equation and solve.
x ( x 3) 5
2 x 3 5
2 x 8
x 4
y 4 3
y 1
The answer: ( -4 , -1)
2x + 3 = 5
2x = 2
x=1
x+y=5
(1) + y = 5
y=4
(1, 4)
(1) + (4) = 5
(4) = 3 + (1)
Step 2: Substitute
4x 2y = 0
4(-3y + 7) 2y = 0
-12y + 28 2y = 0
-14y + 28 = 0
-14y = -28
y=2
4x 2y = 0
4x 2(2) = 0
4x 4 = 0
4x = 4
x=1
(1, 2)
3(2) + (1) = 7
4(1) 2(2) = 0
Substitution Method
Example Solve the system.
3 x 2 y 11
x y 3
Solution y x 3
3 x 2( x 3) 11
3 x 2 x 6 11
5x 5
x 1
y 1 3
y4
(1)
(2)
Solve for x.
Substitute x = 1 in y = x + 3.
Solution set: {(1, 4)}
Solution: {(3,2)}
Solution: {(-3,1)}
4x + y = 5
2x - 3y =13
y = -4x + 5
Step 2: Substitute this variable into the bottom equation
2x - 3(-4x + 5) = 13
2x + 12x - 15 = 13
14x = 28
x=2
Step 4: Substitute the result of Step 3 into either of the original equations and solve for the other
value. 4(2) + y = 5
y = -3
Solution Set: {(2,-3)}
Step 5: Check the solution and write the solution set.
1
1
1
1
1
y
rewrite as 4[ x y ] 2 x y 2
2
4
2
2
4
2
2 x 5 y 22
x
Solve :
2x y 2
-2x 5 y 22
y = -2x + 2
-2x + 5(-2x + 2) = 22
-12x = 12
x = -1
Solution Set: {(-1,4)}
-2x - 10x + 10 = 22
2(-1) + y = 2
y=4
Your Turn:
3x y = 4
x = 4y - 17
Your Turn:
2x + 4y = 4
3x + 2y = 22
0 = 4 untrue
( A)
( B)
y 3 x 5
y 3 x 2
3 x 5 3 x 2
3x
3x
5
2
2
2
7 0 inconsiste nt
0 = 0 or n = n
( A)
3y 2x 6
( B) 12 y 8 x 24
( B) 8 x 12 y 24
x 32 y 3
( A) 3 y 2( 32 y 3) 6
3y 3y 6 6
6 6 dependent
34
Modeling Examples:
The reason to learn about systems of equations
is to learn how to solve real world problems.
Study Example 8 on page 360 in the text.
Notice how the original equations are set up
based on the data in the question.
Also note that we are trying to determine when
the total cost at each garage will be the same.
To do this, set the two cost equations equal to
each other and solve. You will see this type of
problem often.
35
Modeling Examples:
Study Example 9 on page 361 in the text. This
is a mixture problem. Notice how the original
equations are set up based on the data in the
question.
Once the equations are set up, the 2nd equation
is multiplied by 100 to remove the decimal.
This is a common occurrence, so make sure
you know how to do this.
Note: The example is solved using the addition
method. It can also be solved by substitution.
36
Modeling Examples:
4. Read problem 40 on page 362 of the text
basketball game.
37
Modeling Examples:
4. Read problem 40 on page 362 of the text
basketball game.
First assign the variables:
let x = # of 2 point shots
let y = # of 3 point shots
38
Modeling Examples:
4. Read problem 40 on page 362 of the text
basketball game.
First assign the variables:
let x = # of 2 point shots
let y = # of 3 point shots
Writing the 1st equation:
They made 45 goals in a recent game
x + y = 45
39
Modeling Examples:
4 continued.
Writing the 2nd equation:
40
Modeling Examples:
4 continued.
Writing the 2nd equation:
Some 2 pointers, some 3 pointers, for a total
score of 101 points
2x + 3y = 101
41
Modeling Examples:
4 continued.
Writing the 2nd equation:
Some 2 pointers, some 3 pointers, for a total
score of 101 points
2x + 3y = 101
In words, the equation says 2 times the number
of 2 point shots plus 3 times the number of 3
point shots totals 101 points.
42
Modeling Examples:
4 continued.
The two equations are:
x + y = 45
2x + 3y = 101
43
Modeling Examples:
4 continued.
The two equations are:
-2( x + y = 45 ) Lets eliminate x, multiply the
st equation by 2.
entire
1
2x + 3y = 101
44
Modeling Examples:
4 continued.
The two equations are:
-2( x + y = 45 ) Lets eliminate x, multiply the
st equation by 2.
entire
1
2x + 3y = 101
-2x + -2y = -90
2x + 3y = 101
45
Modeling Examples:
4 continued.
The two equations are:
-2( x + y = 45 )
2x + 3y = 101
-2x + -2y = -90
2x + 3y = 101
y = 11
Modeling Examples:
5. Read problem 44 on page 363 in the text
A Milk Mixture.
47
Modeling Examples:
5. Read problem 44 on page 363 in the text
A Milk Mixture.
First assign the variables:
let x = # gallons of 5% milk
let y = # gallons of skim (0%) milk
48
Modeling Examples:
5. Read problem 44 on page 363 in the text
A Milk Mixture.
First assign the variables:
let x = # gallons of 5% milk
let y = # gallons of skim (0%) milk
Writing the 1st equation:
x + y = 100
This is because they want to make a mixture
totaling 100 gallons of milk.
49
Modeling Examples:
5. Continued
Writing the 2nd equation:
50
Modeling Examples:
5. Continued
Writing the 2nd equation:
0.05x + 0.0y = 0.035(100)
Basically, we are multiplying the 1st equation by
the percent butterfat of the milk. Our final
mixture should be 3.5%, so we multiply
0.035(100), since we want 100 total gallons.
51
Modeling Examples:
5. Continued
The two equations are:
x+
y = 100
0.05x + 0.0y = 0.035(100)
52
Modeling Examples:
5. Continued
The two equations are:
x+
y = 100
0.05x + 0.0y = 0.035(100)
Next, multiply the 2nd equation by 1000 to remove
the decimal. This gives us the following system
of equations:
x + y = 100
50x + 0y = 35(100)
53
Modeling Examples:
5. Continued
The two equations are:
x+
y = 100
0.05x + 0.0y = 0.035(100)
Next, multiply the 2nd equation by 1000 to remove
the decimal. This gives us the following system
of equations:
x + y = 100
50x + 0y = 35(100)
Solve the system (use substitution since the 2nd
equation has only one variable). The answer
follows on the next slide.
54
Modeling Examples:
5. Continued
The answer is 70 gallons of 5% milk and 30
gallons of skim (0%) milk.
55
Modeling Examples:
6. Read problem 48 on page 363 in the text
School Play Tickets.
56
Modeling Examples:
6. Read problem 48 on page 363 in the text
School Play Tickets.
First assign the variables:
let x = # of adult tickets sold ($5 per ticket)
let y = # of student tickets sold ($2 per ticket)
57
Modeling Examples:
6. Read problem 48 on page 363 in the text
School Play Tickets.
First assign the variables:
let x = # of adult tickets sold ($5 per ticket)
let y = # of student tickets sold ($2 per ticket)
Writing the 1st equation:
x + y = 250
Since a total of 250 tickets were sold.
58
Modeling Examples:
6. Continued
Writing the 2nd equation:
59
Modeling Examples:
6. Continued
Writing the 2nd equation:
5x + 2y = 950
Basically, we multiplied the 1st equation by the
price of the tickets, and set it equal to the
amount of money collected.
60
Modeling Examples:
6. Continued
Writing the 2nd equation:
5x + 2y = 950
Basically, we multiplied the 1st equation by the
price of the tickets, and set it equal to the
amount of money collected.
Do you see how this is similar to example #4?
The 2 and 3 point shots?
61
Modeling Examples:
6. Continued
The two equations are:
x + y = 250
5x + 2y = 950
62
Modeling Examples:
6. Continued
The two equations are:
x + y = 250
5x + 2y = 950
Can you solve the system using either
substitution or addition? The answer follows on
the next slide.
63
Modeling Examples:
6. Continued
The answer is 150 adult tickets were sold, and
100 student tickets were sold.
64