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Introduction
Introduction
1.1Mechatronics definition
Mechatronics is the combination of mechanical engineering ,
electronic engineering , computer engineering . Software engineering
, Control engineering , and system design engineering in order to
design , and manufacture useful products . Originally , mechatronics
just included the combination between mechanics and electronics ,
hence the word is only combination between mechanics and
electronics.
Fig()
Machine vision
Automation and robotics
Servo-mechanics
Sensing and control system
Expert systems
Industrial goods
2
Microcontrollers / PLCs
Medical mechatronics , medical imaging systems
Structural dynamic systems
Transportation and vehicular systems
Mechatronics as the new language of the automobile
Diagnostic , reliability and control system techniques
First we have the Controlled Variable. This is the basic process value
being regulated by the system. It is the one variable that we are
specially interested in - the outlet water temperature in the example
above. In feedback control the controlled variable is usually the
measured
variable.
An important concept related to the controlled variable is the
Setpoint.
This is the predetermined desired value for the controlled variable.
The objective of the control system is to regulate the controlled
variable at its setpoint. To achieve the control objective there must
be one or more variables we can alter or adjust. These are called the
Manipulated
VariablesConclusively, in the control system we adjust the
manipulated variable to maintain the controlled variable at its
setpoint. This meets the requirement of keeping the stability of the
process and suppressing the influence of disturbances.
Chapter Two
Project description
Introduction
In this chapter we will talk about our project objectives ,components
and how to reach to our objective by using these components
Fig(2-1)
Fig(2-2)
Fig(2-3)
01
Fig (2-4)
HMI stands for Human machine interface. HMI's are used as an
operator control panel instead of using an excessive amount of
hardware and also provides almost unlimited control and status of a
fully automated machine cell.
00
Micro Panels
Mobile Panels
Touch&Operaing panels
Panel Pcs
Pc(SCADA)
Fig(2-5)
Model
no
G183A10NC
Detection Operating
distance voltage
10 cm Dc 10-30v
Output
method
Statue
NPN
No+Nc
02
Response Detection
time method
<2 ms diffusetype
Fig (2-6)
03
2.8 Relay:
Fig(2-7)
Fig(2-8)
Fig(2-9)
04
2.8.1specification
Fig(2-10)
The supply voltage is applied across one diagonal of the bridge and,
in the case of the sixwire connection method, also the sensor voltage
SENSE. The measured voltage is tapped across the other diagonal.
For a constant supply voltage EXC, therefore, the measured
voltage SIG changes proportionally to the introduced load. In
practice, load cells contain additional resistors for temperature
compensation and for zero-signal and characteristic-value
compensation.
Depending on their type and the requirements, these resistors can
be arranged at the input or output of the load cell.
Fig(2-11)
07
Fig(2-12)
Parameter settings:
1) Parameters can be set using the BOP / AOP operator panels.
2) The Drive Monitor or Starter visualization programs.
The driver can be connected to the pc using
08
09
Fig(2-13).
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24
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Fig(2-14)
2.11.1ROFIBUS Networks:
PROFIBUS networks were specially designed for use in an industrial
environment and one of their main features is their degree of
immunity to electromagnetic interference resulting in high data
certain guidelines must ,integrity. To achieve this degree of immunity
be adhered to when configuring electrical network
26
2.11.2 Parameters:
The following parameters must be taken into account when planning
an electrical network
1.The transmission rate required for the task (within a network, only
one uniform transmission rate can be used)
2.The required number of nodes
3. The type of network components required (bus terminals, bus
connectors connecting cables)
4. The LAN cables to be used
5. The required segment lengths
6. The electromagnetic and mechanical environment of the cabling
(for example surge voltage protection, cable route surge voltage
protection, cable route)
7.The number of RS-485 repeaters between any two DTEs is limited
to a maximum of 9
8.Increasing the overall span of a network by using repeaters can
lead to longer transmission times that may need to be taken into
account when configuring the network
Fig(2-15)
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Fig(2-16)
up. When the station has finished its transmission, it drops RTS and
the modem drops CTS and carrier together.
Clock signals (pins 15, 17, & 24) are only used for synchronous
communications. The modem or DSU extracts the clock from the
data stream and provides a steady clock signal to the DTE. Note that
the transmit and receive clock signals do not have to be the same, or
even at the same baud rate.
Note: Transmit and receive leads (2 or 3) can be reversed depending
on the use of the equipment - DCE Data Communications Equipment
or a DTE Data Terminal Equipment.
29
Fig(2-17)
The PC Adapter USB is compatible with USB V1.1 and satisfies the
requirements for "Low-Powered USB devices. The SIMATIC PC
Adapter USB supports the energy saving mode (hibernate mode)
2.13 .1 Function
The SIMATIC PC Adapter USB connects a PC to the MPI/DP
A slot is not required in the interface of an S7/M7/C7 system via USB
PC, which means that the adapter can also be used for nonexpandable PCs such as notebook.
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Fig(2-18)
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A-Input side
B-Diaphragm
C-Pressure chamber
D-Pressure relief conduit
E-Solenoid
F-Output side
Fig(2-19)
2.13.2 Specification:
Type of Solenoid Valve
Inlet Port Size
Outlet Size/Type
Flow Direction
Installation
Voltage
Single
3/4" BSP Male
11.5mm hose tail outlet
90 angle flow
Universal Fitting
230vAC 50Hz _ 6w
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35
The layout
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Chapter Three
Mechanical Design and
Construction
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Introduction
This chapter consists of two parts .In the Mechanical part , we will
talk about design of all components in our mechanical .
In the electronic part, we will take a look in a load cell principal of
operation , signal conditioning , calibration details , proximity ,
solenoid valves , relays and pneumatic
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No.
Description
1
2
Driving pulley
Head or tail pulley (dep. on belt running direction
3
4
5
Slider bed
Carrying roller
Snub pulley
6
7
Conveyor belt
10
Guiding pulley
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Fig(3-1)
43
a.
b.
44
The edge of the support must be rounded and lower than the pulley
surface (h = approx. 2 mm / 0.08 in)
The heads of mechanical fasteners must be recessed below the
sliding surface
The slider bed must be precisely
aligned relative to the running
direction of the belt and it must be
leveled so that there is no tilt (this is
particularly important with slider
beds of steel sheet panels),
otherwise the belt will tend to run off
Support by carrying rollers
With long conveying distances and high
overall product loads, carrying rollers
can be used instead of a slider bed. In many cases, the roller bed reduces
friction losses. Peripheral force and drive
power requirements are proportionally
reduced.
Most commonly used are rollers made
from precision steel tubes and roller
bearings.
Rollers with a plastic sheathing can also
be used as they are resistant to
corrosion and certain chemicals. A
nonconductive synthetic cover can
produce higher static charges during operation, particularly when used in
conjunction with plastic bearings!
Carrying rollers, in virtually all cases, have a cylindrical profile. As the
conveyor belt only travels tangentially along the surface of these rollers
and does not wrap around them, these rollers may have a smaller
diameter
than that specified for the belts dmin. The specified diameter must resist
excessive deflection when the conveyor belt is under operational load.
Attention must be paid to the following points:
The distance between the carrying rollers should be less than half the
length of the transported unit loads lG, in order that the goods carried are
always on at least two rollers
Carrying rollers must be accurately fitted at right angles to the belt
running axis as skewed carrying rollers are frequently the cause of belt
tracking problems. It is sufficient if the rollers can only be adjusted from
one side, i.e. by means of slots in the supporting structure.
Pivot able carrying rollers can be installed
for the purpose of guiding belt running; in
these cases the pivot angle must be at least
45
By assuming of V =3 m/sec
F1=
F1= 134.2*1.9 = 254.98 N
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48
e. Tensioning devices
The required contact pressure of the conveyor belt on the driving
pulley is achieved by means of a belt tensioning device. Tensioning
force and resulting shaft load are lower if the tensioning device is
placed on the low tension (slack) side of the driving unit.
A distinction must be made between fi xed tensioning devices and
constant-force tensioning devices:
Fixed tensioning devices
Fixed tensioning devices are to be used in installations where there
is no need to compensate for variations in belt length or belt tension
during operation, further for reversing operation under full load.
Usually, fi xed tensioning devices are sufficient for fabric belt
conveying installations, because Hebraist conveyor belts are
dimensionally stable, with negligible elongation changes during startup and load changes.
A simple solution for tensioning is to use the tail pulley with a
tensioning device that runs parallel to the belt's axis or the belt's
running direction.
49
Fig(3-2)
Fig(3-3)
51
Fig(3-4)
50
2-On the SIWATOOL FTA interface select the interface COM1 used on your
computer.
52
3- Click Online
4.
5-
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7-Enter the Adjustment weight (e.g. "051.1") and set the Characteristic
.value range
55
9-"Resolution range 1": It is the minimum change of the displayed weight. The unit is
the same as the
.Weight unit selected under the "Calibration parameter 3" tab (see below(
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11-Ensure the scale is empty (not loaded) and click Adjustment zero valid (3).-
12- Load the scale with the calibration weight 1 (the display may show a different
weight value and then click Adjustment weight 0 valid (4)
58
If the corresponding weight is now changed it will be according to the actual weight and
exact
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3.2.1PROXIMITY:
Fig(3-5)
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3.2.2 RELAY:
Fig(3-6)
Fig(3-7)
62
Fig(3-8)
63
Fig(3-9)
64
Fig(3-10)
65
Fig(3-11)
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Chapter Four
Controller and software
67
Introduction:
In this chapter first ,we will talk about our program software flow chart
of the program , Plc program , Then HMI program and how to create
the program
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4.Open the project > simatic 300 station > cpu 314-2cp > s7 program
>blocks
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7. select the identification code file and the function and data blocks will
be added to the project.
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77
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Description :
Low-priced entry-level device for basic requirements with 5.7'' STN touch
screen display featuring three levels .the device can be installed landscape
(horizontal) as
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84
Start
Color Library
Ratios
Error MSG
YES
T_W >
Mixer
capacity
NO
85
YES
Error MSG
P_W*N
_p
>T_W
NO
Start Mixing
process
NO
Finish
Mixing
YES
86
Start
Starting the
motor
NO
Proximity
ON
YES
NO
LOAD CELL
READING=
REQUIRED
WEIGHT
87
YES
TURN MOTOR ON
CLOSE PENUMATIC VALVE
SOLENOID MIXER OFF
NO
NO OF
PRODUCT
= REQUIRED
NO
88
Reference:
SIWAREX_FTA-en_V01
PC_Adapter_USB_e
s7300_cpu_31xc_and_cpu_31x_manual_en-US_en-US
hmi_wincc_v6_2_getting_started_en
Quality Assurance graduation project 2010
Multi Component Dosing by Weighing Control graduation project
2011
Constant water level in reservoir graduation project 2011
http://support.automation.siemens.com
https://www.automation.siemens.com/WW/forum/guests/PostS
how.aspx?PageIndex=1&PostID=110356&Language=en
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Appendix
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APPENDIX A
PLC SPECIFICATIONS
90
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APPENDIX B
HMI TECHNICAL DATA
94
Display
Resolution
Control elements
User memory
256 KB
Interfaces
1 x RS485
Installation cutout
198 x 142 mm (W x H)
Front panel
212 x 156 mm (W x H)
Depth
44 mm
Configuration
software
95
APPENDIX C
LOAD CELL GETTING STARTED
96
SIWATOOL FTA
98
SIWAREX
99
011
010
012