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SI P1.4
New Technology for direct hydrocarbon reservoir detection using seismic information
Xueping Hu*, Yajun Chen, Xiuwen Liang, KerangLang, BGP, CNPC
Summary
Hydrocarbon reservoir, as the main research target in oil
industry, is made up of multi-phase medium, namely the
porous rock matrix and the fluids such as oil, water and gas
in rocks pore. In this case, it is hard to get objective and
accurate description on the transmission characteristics of
real seismic wavefield using conventional single-phase
model.
Biot theory presumes that fluid may move relative to solid,
so when seismic wave transmits through double-phase
medium, between solid phase and fluid phase, there
produces displacement and interaction, making first P
wave (quick P wave) and second P wave (slow P wave),
the two kinds of wave with reverse polarities.
According to the results of numerical simulation, physical
model test and petrological analysis, It was found that oil
and gas reservoir shows the characteristics of LFR &
HFA(low frequency resonating and high frequency
attenuating), this discovery therefore provides the evidence
to directly detect oil and gas using seismic information,
and become one of the technical highlights of the software
KLInvesion (Oil & Gas Reservoir Detection and Synthetic
Inversion) developed by BGP. The experimental results
from over 90 wells in 20 work areas proved that it is
effective to detect oil and gas reservoir with over 90%
coincidence to drilling data.
Theoretical basis
Double-phase model
a. Generally, oil and gas reservoir is made up of multiphase medium, the porous rock matrix and fluids including
oil, gas and water and so on.
b. The research on the wavefield of double-phase medium
is based on Biot theory, which presumes fluid can move
relative to solid and the two phases interact with each other.
The presumption unveiled the second P wave (slow P
wave). Since the presumption is reasonable and accords to
actual situation, Biot model is regarded as the emphasis in
our research.
The elastic wave equation of double-phase medium
Real reservoir is not only double-phased, but also
anisotropic. For the sake of simpleness, we only discuss
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Direct reservoir detection using seismic information
Double-phase medium
a. low frequency
b. high frequency
Figure 2 The max energy cumulative result
Example analysis
Using the finished KLInversion, we analyzed 2D field data
(totaled 16 lines, 450km) and 3D field data (covering 19
blocks, 2200 km2) in 17 working zones. The result proved
that 108 out of 120 wells are successful, only 12 wells fails.
The coincidence rate is up to 90%. The incoincidence of
the 12 wells, located in a 3D zone, may be caused by the
complicated geological conditions, incorrectly interpreted
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Direct reservoir detection using seismic information
Conclusions
According to the results above, we can conclude that the
software is effective to detect hydrocarbon reservoir in
wide scope since all experimental data used in our example
is common (the experimental data hasnt been purposely
processed). The most advantage of the detection technique
of the software is the freedom from wells limitation, so it
can be used to define the lateral boundary of any reservoir
with higher precision. Used before drilling, KLInversion
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Direct reservoir detection using seismic information
can predict oil and gas reservoir, this will avoid dry holes
at extremely extent. Used after exploring, KLInversion can
accurately calculate reserve. Used during producing, it will
be a good proposer for optimized development plan.
Pending problems
1. Bad seismic data or over proceeded data (i.e. the data
was over subdued to the low-frequency component
when high resolution processing);
2. Insufficient migration precision;
3. Well deviation;
4. Error of demarcating or interpreting layers and
incorrect time window unable to cover oil and gas
layer completely;
5. Failing to interpret low-resistance hydrocarbon
reservoir when logging interpretation;
6. Long produced or water flooded oil wells (contrasting
the detection on the current seismic data to the
original years-old oil-test result.)
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the Sichuan Oil &Gas
Company Limited Branch, the Xinjiang Oil & Gas
Company Limited Branch for providing the seismic and
geological data. Meanwhile, special thanks go to all of the
software developers for their support to this project.
References:
1. Robert, 1989: Reservoir Forward and Inverse
Modeling: Oversea Oil & Gas Exploration.
2. Mu Shen, 1992: Seismic Data Structural Sequence
Interpretation, Global Russian Geophysical Research
Institute.
3. Robert. Sherif, 2000: Seismic Exploration Summary
4. Huixing Zhang and Xiuwen Liang, SEG, 2004:
Double-phase Seismic Wavefield Simulation
5. Yongguang Mu, 2000, Oil Seismic Physical Model and
Application Research
6. New Development Series of Oversea Oil & Gas
Exploration
7. Wenqu Zeng, et al, Form-Dividing Theory and FormDividing Computer Simulation, Northeast College
Publishing Company.
8. Wenchong Zeng and Jian Ouyang, et al, Logging
Seismic Analysis and Oil Reservoir Evaluation.
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EDITED REFERENCES
Note: This reference list is a copy-edited version of the reference list submitted by the
author. Reference lists for the 2005 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts have
been copy edited so that references provided with the online metadata for each paper will
achieve a high degree of linking to cited sources that appear on the Web.
New Technology for direct hydrocarbon reservoir detection using seismic
information
References
Huixing, Zhang, and Xiuwen Liang, 2004, Double-phase seismic wavefield simulation:
Presented at the 74th Annual International Meeting.
Shen, Mu, 1992: Seismic data structural sequence interpretation: Global Russian
Geophysical Research Institute.
Sheriff, Robert, 1989, Reservoir forward and inverse modeling: Oversea Oil & Gas
Exploration.
Sheriff, Robert, 2000, Seismic exploration summary: SEG.
Wenchong, Zeng, and Jian Ouyang, Logging seismic analysis and oil reservoir
evaluation.
Wenqu, Zeng, Form-dividing theory and form-dividing computer simulation: Northeast
College Publishing Company.
Yongguang Mu, 2000, Oil seismic physical model and application research new
development series: Oversea Oil & Gas Exploration.