DESIGN OF HEAT EXCHANGER BY KERN METHOD

SULPHUR GUARD BED FEED EXCHANGER E-101

Property Data
SHELL SIDE
Inlet temperature
Outlet temperature
Mass Flow rate

Symbols
T1

TUBE SIDE

Hot Fluid(Steam)

T2

Light Naphtha

293

210

293
3400

250
1.21E+05

0.59

0.634
5.25E-02
1.3626923077
0.1331
0.568
35.43

Specific Heat

m
Cp

Thermal Conductivity
Viscosity

Specific gravity
Heat of vapourization

1.69E-02
3.30E-02
1.37E-02
923

Density

0.1265

Dirt Factor

Rd

Baffle spacing(B)
Number of passes

6
1

inch

16
0.75

ft
inch

0.9375
2
16

inch

0.002

Shell Side

Tube Side
Length of tube(L)
Outer Diameter (OD)
Pitch(PT)

Passess (n)
B.W.G
CALCULATIONS:
Steam is placed in shell side of the exchanger.
Water is placed in the tube side of the exchanger.

STEP # 01:
Calculation of thermo physical properties at average temperature:
Tube Side
o
Tavg=
230
F

STEP # 02:
HEAT BALANCE
Tube side
Q=mCpT
Q=
Shell Side
Q=m
Q=

3076168 Btu/hr

3138200 Btu/hr

(triangular)

STEP # 03:
Log mean Temperature Difference
T(lmtd)=
60.824 oF
STEP # 04:
Now we assume the value of UD
UD=

180 Btu/hr ft2 oF

(from table 8 kern)

STEP # 05:
Area
A=Q/UDT(LMTD)
A=
STEP # 06:
Number of tubes
N=A/L x at''
at''=
N=

280.974 ft2

0.1963 (from table 10 kern)

90

STEP # 07:
By using table # 09 we find the inner dia of the shell and nearest count of tubes.
Shell side ID=
12
inch
ft
1.000
N=
98 (number of tubes)
STEP # 08:
Now by using these number of tubes we will calculate area.
A=
307.7984
ft2
STEP # 09:
Now by using the area calculated above we will again calculate the U D
UD=

164.313 Btu/hr ft2 oF

TUBE SIDE

SHELL SIDE
Area

at'=

ao =ID x C' x B/ 144 x PT

0.002 ft2

C'=PT - OD

(from table 10 Kern)

at=N x at'/ x n
at=

0.103 ft2

C'=
ao=

0.188

Go=

34000.000

0.100

Mass Velocity
Gt=

1180375.726 lb/ft2 hr

Reynolds Number
Re=DGt /
D=

0.052

Re=DeGo/
ft

(from table 10 kern)

Re=

45000

(turbulent flow)

where De=equivalent diameter

(figure 28 kern)De =

0.046
Re= 47256.5906517872
(turbulent flow)

jH factor
jH=

116

(from figure 24 kern)

Heat transfer co-efficient

ho=jH (k/D)(Cp /k)

1/3

=( / w)0.14 =

(non-viscous fluid)

(Cp /k)1/3 =
(k/D)=
ho =

2.5436
1.0161
hi =

299.8123 Btu/hr.ft2.oF

1500

Clean Overall Coefficeint

Uc=(ho x hi)/(ho + hi)
Uc =

249.8696 Btu/hr.ft2.oF

Dirt Factor
Rd=(Uc-Ud)/UcUd
Rd=

0.0021 hr ft2 oF /Btu

PRESSURE DROP CALCULATIONS

Tube Side

Shell Side

Pt=1/2(fxGt2xLxn/5.22E10x D x sxt )

Ps=fxGo2xDx(N+1)/5.22E10x De x sxo
v=

0.8424

(from table 7 kern)

s=
t=
D=
Re=
f=

0.5678
1.0000
0.0517
45000.0000 (turbulent)
0.0002

(figure 26 kern)

s=
o=

0.034
1.000
47256.591
0.046
1.000
32.000
0.0013

Re=
De=
D=
(N+1)=12L/B=
f=
(figure 29 kern)

Pt=

Ps=

2.912 psi

0.600

RESULT
UC =

249.87

Btu/hr.ft2.oF

UD =

164.31

Btu/hr.ft2.oF

0.00208

hr ft2 oF /Btu

Rd(Calculated) =

Rd(required) =
Shell Side

0.002
Tube Side

hr ft2 oF /Btu

P(Allowable)

10

10

psi

P(calculated)

0.60

2.9115

psi

1500.00

299.8123

Btu/hr.ft2.oF

METHOD
R E-101
Unit
F

F
lb/hr
o

Btu/lb.oF
Btu/hr.ft2(of/ft)
lb/hr.ft
cp
Btu/lb
lb/ft3
hr ft2 oF /Btu

(triangular)

8 kern)

IDE

inch
ft2
lb/ft2 hr
/

ft

flow)

Btu/hr.ft2.oF

de

22E10x De x sxo
ft3/lb

(turbulent)

ft
ft

psi

DESIGN OF HEAT EXCHANGER BY KERN METHOD

SULPHUR GUARD BED FEED EXCHANGER E-101
Property Data

Inlet temperature
Outlet temperature
Mass Flow rate

Symbols
T1

SHELL SIDE

TUBE SIDE

Hot Fluid(Steam)

Light Naphtha

T2

293

210

293
3400

250
1.21E+05

0.59

0.634
5.25E-02
1.3626923077
0.1331
0.568
35.43

Specific Heat

m
Cp

Thermal Conductivity
Viscosity

Specific gravity
Heat of vapourization

1.69E-02
3.30E-02
1.37E-02
923

Density

0.1265

Dirt Factor

Rd

Baffle spacing(B)
Number of passes

6
1

inch

16
0.75

ft
inch

0.9375
2
16

inch

0.002

Shell Side

Tube Side
Length of tube(L)
Outer Diameter (OD)
Pitch(PT)

Passess (n)
B.W.G
CALCULATIONS:
Steam is placed in shell side of the exchanger.
Water is placed in the tube side of the exchanger.

STEP # 01:
Calculation of thermo physical properties at average temperature:
Tube Side
o
Tavg=
230
F

STEP # 02:
HEAT BALANCE
Tube side
Q=mCpT
Q=
Shell Side
Q=m
Q=

3076168 Btu/hr

3138200 Btu/hr

(triangular)

STEP # 03:
Log mean Temperature Difference
T(lmtd)=
60.824 oF
STEP # 04:
Now we assume the value of UD
UD=

180 Btu/hr ft2 oF

(from table 8 kern)

STEP # 05:
Area
A=Q/UDT(LMTD)
A=
STEP # 06:
Number of tubes
N=A/L x at''
at''=
N=

280.974 ft2

0.1963 (from table 10 kern)

90

STEP # 07:
By using table # 09 we find the inner dia of the shell and nearest count of tubes.
Shell side ID=
12
inch
ft
1.000
N=
98 (number of tubes)
STEP # 08:
Now by using these number of tubes we will calculate area.
A=
307.7984
ft2
STEP # 09:
Now by using the area calculated above we will again calculate the U D
UD=

164.313 Btu/hr ft2 oF

TUBE SIDE

SHELL SIDE
Area

at'=

ao =ID x C' x B/ 144 x PT

0.002 ft2

C'=PT - OD

(from table 10 Kern)

at=N x at'/ x n
at=

0.103 ft2

C'=
ao=

0.188

Go=

34000.000

0.100

Mass Velocity
Gt= 1180375.726 lb/ft2 hr

Reynolds Number
Re=DGt /
D=

0.052

Re=DeGo/
ft

(from table 10 kern)

Re=

45000

(turbulent flow)

where De=equivalent diameter

(figure 28 kern)De =

0.046
Re= 47256.5906518
(turbulent flow)

jH factor
jH=

116

(from figure 24 kern)

Heat transfer co-efficient

ho=jH (k/D)(Cp /k)

1/3

=( / w)0.14 =

(non-viscous fluid)

(Cp /k)1/3 =
(k/D)=
ho =

2.5436
1.0161
hi =

299.8123 Btu/hr.ft2.oF

1500

Clean Overall Coefficeint

Uc=(ho x hi)/(ho + hi)
Uc =

249.8696 Btu/hr.ft2.oF

Dirt Factor
Rd=(Uc-Ud)/UcUd
Rd=

0.0021 hr ft2 oF /Btu

PRESSURE DROP CALCULATIONS

Tube Side

Shell Side

Pt=1/2(fxGt2xLxn/5.22E10x D x sxt )

Ps=fxGo2xDx(N+1)/5.22E10x De x sxo
v=

0.8424

(from table 7 kern)

s=
t=
D=
Re=
f=

0.5678
1.0000
0.0517
45000.0000 (turbulent)
0.0002

(figure 26 kern)

s=
o=

0.034
1.000
47256.591
0.046
1.000
32.000
0.0013

Re=
De=
D=
(N+1)=12L/B=
f=
(figure 29 kern)

Pt=

Ps=

2.912 psi

0.600

RESULT
UC =

249.87

Btu/hr.ft2.oF

UD =

164.31

Btu/hr.ft2.oF

0.00208

hr ft2 oF /Btu

Rd(Calculated) =

Rd(required) =
Shell Side

0.002
Tube Side

hr ft2 oF /Btu

P(Allowable)

10

10

psi

P(calculated)

0.60

2.9115

psi

1500.00

299.8123

Btu/hr.ft2.oF

METHOD
ER E-101
Unit
F

F
lb/hr
o

Btu/lb.oF
Btu/hr.ft2(of/ft)
lb/hr.ft
cp
Btu/lb
lb/ft3
hr ft2 oF /Btu

(triangular)

e 8 kern)

ubes.

SIDE

Go/

inch
ft2
lb/ft2 hr

ft

nt flow)

Btu/hr.ft2.oF

Side

5.22E10x De x sxo
ft3/lb

(turbulent)

ft
ft

psi