Different casting

Casting- a cast is an immobilization device made up of layers of plaster or fiberglass

bandages molded to the body part that it encases
Purposes of casting
1. To immobilize and hold fragment in reduction
2. To apply uniform compression of the soft
3. To permit early mobilization
4. To correct and prevent any deformities
5. To support and stabilize weak joints
Types of cast
a. Short-arm cast- extend from the bellow of the elbow to the proximal palmar
crease
b. Gauntlet cast- extends from below the elbow to the proximal palmar crease
include thumb
c. Long arm cast- extends from the upper level of auxiliary fold to proximal
palmar crease elbow usually immobilized at right angle
d. Short leg cast extends from bellow knee to base of toe
e. Long leg cast- extends from upper thigh to the base of toes foot is at right
angle in a neutral position
f. Body cast- encircle the trunk and stabilizing the spine
g. Spica cast- incorporate the trunk and extremities
h. Cast brace- external support about the fracture that is constructed with
hinges to permit early motion of joints early mobilization and dependence
i. Cylinder cast- can be used for upper of lower extremity used for fracture or
dislocation of knee
Traction- is applied force in a specific location to apply the force needed to
overcome the natural force or pull of muscle groups a system of ropes pulleys and
weights is used

Purpose of traction
1. To reduce and immobilize fracture
2. To regain normal length and alignment of an injured extremities
3. To lessen or eliminate muscle spasm
4. To prevent deformities
5. To give patient for in bed activities
6. To reduce
Types of traction
A. Running traction- a
1. form of traction in which the pull is excreted in one plane
2. May use either skin or skeletal traction
3. Bucks extension traction
B. balance suspension traction
1. uses additional; weights to counterbalance the traction force and float the
extremities in the traction apparatus

2. the line of pull on

the
extremities
remains
fairly constant
changes
in patients
position
Application of traction
a. skin traction
1. accomplished by
applying
a light force that
pulls on
tape sponge
rubber
or special device
that is
contracted in the skin
2. the force must be transmitted to the musculoskeletal structures
3. skin traction is used as temporary measure in adult to control muscle
spasms
4. it is used before
surgery
in the treatment
of hip
fracture
and
femoral
shaft
fractures
5.
pelvic
and
cervical traction are used for treatment of back
disorders or injuries skin traction may use definitely to treat fracture
b. skeletal traction
1. traction applied by the orthopedic surgeon after aseptic condition uses
wires pins or tongs placed
2. skeletal traction is used most frequently in treating fractures of femur,
humorous tibia and cervical spine

Short arm cast

Long arm cast

Gauntlet

Long leg cast

Short Leg Cast

body cast

Spica cast

cast brace

Cylinder cast

Traction

Balance suspension

Skin traction

skeletal traction

Cast
and
Tracti
on

Ylron John Tapar

Mary Grace Prowel