Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
OF
NEW MEASURER.
"
And
tkou.
my
son,
know
thouthe
with
mind ; for
the
Lord
and understandeth
of the thoughts
be
ifthou seek
Him He will
He mil cast
xxviii. 9.
thee
NEW MEASURES
OF
NEW MEASURER,
gesmbcb mib
C.
^Ecstcb bn
PIAZZl SMYTH,
ASTRONOMER-ROYAL FOR SCOTLAND,
F.R.S.E., F.R.A.S., A.M.L.A.S., F.R.S.S.A., &c., &c.
the
Review
in the
PRINTED
AND
PUBLISHED
BY
ST.
"
the son
kings ?
wise
let
How
of
tfte
Where are
men ? and
let
they ?
I am
of ancient
TO
Clje
International
Institute,
U.S.A.,
TO*
DESCRIPTIVE OF SOME
fittle $0ok,
NEW INFORMATION ON THE GRAND
Is
SO
SUBJECT
MUCH AT HEART,
gcbkattb
mast fiespectfullg,
Driikateb
BY THEIR DEVOTED FELLOW-LABOURER,
10
PIAZZI SMYTH,
0.
AND
FOR
Edinburgh, March
THIS
CAUSE, EX.
25, 18&4.
2091780
F.R.S.,
LONDON.
ITS
" And
gence,
virtue,
"And
and
to
to
virtue
knowledge, temperance;
patience, godliness
kindness;
to
and
to
temperance, patience
"And
and
to
godliness,
to
and
brotherly
brotherly
kindness,
charity.
"For
abound,
that
ye
and
shall
knowledge of our
2 Peter
i.
58.
Lord Jesus
Christ.'"
CONTENTS.
PART
I.
PYRAMID.
TAOK
13
CHAPTER
1.
,,
2.
PART
...
15
II.
of Great
19
22
Pyramid
Pyramid
1.
Shape
2.
Base-size of Great
3.
28
34
4.
Relative
PART
III.
37
2.
3.
The System
41
4.
measures
5.
6.
7.
,,
8.
...
..
..
Cubit
of
25 British
39
44
46
48
54
inches,
56
CONTENTS.
Till.
PART
CHAPTER
1.
2.
3.
4.
IV.
HISTOEY,
PAGK
Of the respect due to Ancient Classical Authors... 59
The Philition of Herodotus
63
Absolute date of the Great Pyramid
66
The Latter-end Indications of the Time-Passage
Theory;
tested
present events
PA RT
CHAPTER
1.
2.
C.
Piazzi
3.
67
...
77
V.
Answer sent by
...
Smyth,
Ex-F.R.S.,
to the International
Wood, Sharon,
Pa., D.S.
81
87
APPEN DICES.
APP.
1.
.,
2.
,,
3.
Great Pyramid
4.
5.
101
PREFACE.
which immediately follows is a reprint
of the first two pages of the first edition
"
Our Inheritance in the Great
of my book,
Pyramid," published in 1864 and is the best
THAT
can
offer
now
explanation
of the present dissertation, or review
written
at particular request.
(PAGE
OP
"Author of
Who
'
1864.)
ESQ.,
OF
LONDON,
Why
was
it
Built and
'
Built It
"
PREFACE.
(PAGE 2 OP 1864.)
" In the short interval between the
printing and publication of this book, the estimable John Taylor is dead.
"
During the late spring he had come to know, only too
surely, that his mortal career
to a close,
on earth,
to
God
to
lived in vain.'
" But
again, rather checking himself, he added:
Many
must approve before the thought will enter into the popular
mind and if that result ever takes place, I am only one
'
there
is
waters, but
book:
PREFACE.
XI
'
'
in the Great
Pyramid
at.
all
With
manner
PREFACE.
Xll.
Pyramid subject
reader
may
all
the
full
PIAZZI SMYTH.
NEW MEASURES
OF
I.
CHAPTER
Jgvantib.
I.
ON
Field
&
Petrie.
NEW MEASURES OF
14
for the
Great Pyramid,
method of fudge."
its
table of contents
[Parti.
"by what
The
is
alight on the indictment alluded to, nor to learn anything new and really true about the Great Pyramid.
But
overweening
notions
little
of astrology,
and
the
extra-
in reality, of
Chap,
ii.j
CHAPTER
MR.
F.
PETRIE'S BOOK,
15
II.
MR.
more
most
and
the
original diagrams,
containing
quintessence of
closely printed, full of figure work, with
many
Great Pyramid
and
long a period
of arranging, theorising on, and printing the chief
results of his almost innumerable measures in line
itself;
lastly, in as
NEW MEASURES OF
16
[Parti.
It is indeed
doing.
which I
the
outcome
with
time
many respects
very
have been longing for ever since my own work there
in
in
1865.*
And
numerous and
if
my
predecessors, it is
sixteen years interval,
most of
my
exactly as
it
easy, independent means, and no professional occupation, follows me in all my steps, even to living in a
tomb on the Eastern side of the Pyramid hill; exactly,
I say, as was to be both expected and desired, that his
measures again should be far more numerous, more
minute, and in some points more accurate than mine.
Many of his figures, therefore. I accept^ at_jQgce with
my
and
how
and tested by the light of these latest mensuMensurations rather hastily assumed by some
persons to be both absolutely perfect and utterly irreinto
rations.
Work
at
Chap.
II.]
17
all
future time.
to himself;
" is
say that his investigations and results are the consequence of his
following the clue supplied by- Professor C. Piazzi Smyth, after the
latter had brought the light of modern science to bear more fully on
the ideas originated by John Taylor of London, recognising the Holy
Scriptures as being words from the Creator, irrespectively of human
intellect, and yet in perfect harmony with all that is true in modern
See " Life and Work at the Great Pyramid," three vols.,
with plates; also "Antiquity of Intellectual Man," one vol., with a
diagram comparing the architectural remains, from the earliest
example, onward through each century, in various countries, both
"
by Prof. C. Piazzi Smyth. See also Plates and Notes on Structures
called Pyramids," one vol. fol., a valuable illustrated work by StJohn Vincent Day, C.E., Glasgow. And " The Monumental History
of Egypt," by William Osburn, an eminently trustworthy work. The
germ of the three first being found in a work entitled, "The Great
Pyramid, Why Was it Built, and Who Built It?" 1860 (second
edition, 1864), by John Taylor, London.
science."
NEW MEASURES OF
18
[Parti.
be regretted that he, Mr. F. P., did not also acknowledge himself to have been the author of a certain
"
Diagram of the Great Pyramid," published and sold
in London in 1877.
For thereby readers would have
been prepared for much of the method of his present
book; and would have appreciated how early Mr. F. P.
had taken
assert in a
the
for
human
tion
themselves.
mid
Chap.
I.]
PART
(Bxtcrtor of the
II.
feat
CHAPTER
SHAPE
OF
19
I.
GREAT PYRAMID.
first
THEany
mode
or
its
in
important quality
or
of
amount
its
of,
John
Taylor's
angle, while
it
excludes the
physics as well.
NEW MEASUKES
20
11
perfection
OF
and
[Part
II.
solidity in its
men
good
scientific
very same
the
stones:
the
casing-stones.
The Eastern
joint of the
managed
of
it,
~-
i. t/.-
Chap.
I.]
21
In fact, there never were such exemplary casingstones as these of the Great Pyramid, so superbly
large, and so marvellously accurate, erected anywhere
else,
whether in Egypt or
in
any other
land, either
before or since
dried bricks, of any of the subsequent Egyptian Pyramids, miserably executed at last, must cut most
poignantly
into
the
NEW MEASURES OF
22
CHAPTER
[Part II.
II.
HERE
is far
named
.^narrow and dangerous* holes down through the enorSrmous rubbish heaps lying now, and for a thousand
their level has been
4 years past, upon these sides,
carried by calculation round the whole Pyramid,
c*
*
y
\
k
On the
rubbish heap of the South side the hole was so particufrom the looseness of the material it was carried
larly dangerous,
it,
23
level.
Now, such
lower level
Pyramid by
and ever
happy
is
most authoritatively
its
four corner-sockets
since
John Taylor's
Job xxxviii. 6
foundations fastened, in or
upon
rock
the
base in the
monument,
solid,
sides
me
Pyramid.
It
appeared
to
now
srone."
NEW MEASURES OF
24
[Part II.
always under extreme and gratuitous practical difficulties, different persons have obtained during the
present
quantities
of the
Of
fat.
Chap.
25
II.]
ideal,
or
possibly
inspired
wisdom
i.e.,
to the theory
commenced by John
Taylor?
That theory
number
a year.
Not that any person held that one and the same
exact quantity, number, or length for the base-side
could express each and every one of these three most
different things in the cosmos of God perfectly;
for all the ages of time past, present, and future.
that, for representing the Earth,
and
But
its
sur-
NEW MEASURES OF
26
[Part
II.
building, to lead any properly-regulated and highlyinstructed mind to believe that the triple indication
to,
^^
Differences, too,
to
consider
it
that
the
socket-mark
they
Chap.
II.]
viz., the Rev. H. G. "Wood's (Sharon, Pennsylvania, U.S.) excellent paper on that subject, in our
source
Appendix, Part 3.
For the present, therefore, we
may readily
excuse, in
Pyramid questions too most violently disputed hitherto by both Egyptologists and rationalists, and
l')
(2.)
touching not only its age and topographical situation
but
with reference to other Egyptian monuments
.
NEW MEASURES OF
28
CHAPTER
[Part II.
III.
those
TO mid
"
buildings near
Chap. Ill]
29
bizarre to
trace of a
Sphinx
to be
Museum
NEW MEASURES OF
30
[Part
II.
at,
at large.
when Cheops
" the
Dynasty, began his unequalled monument of
Great Pyramid," the hill of Grizeh was bare of, and
therefore,
hill's
top
for leagues
Egypt.
and found
grand monument
it
This
of the
Khufu chose
structure.
Pyramids?
many
writers to expatiate
508-512.
Chap.
III.]
31
Pyramid of
Pyramid
of the Great
"
or mathematically, a
stiff reason ers ; who, there-
logically, mechanically,
fore,
interfered in
the long-finished Great Pyramid, being the Northernmost and most ancient of all the real, architectural,
Pyramids of Egypt.
But Mr. F. P. ingeniously and creditably removes
the ground for that argument by further facts and
yet brings them all to bear finally, and still more
powerfully, towards the same end as before, in this
rather startling manner.
By personal visit to, and examination of, the ruins
(or remnants, rather), he deduces that the Abu Roash
;
in
its
mummy, and
one, who was
diorite statue
But he was
He
was, in fact,
King Men-ra
of
its
Pyramid of Gizeh.
NEW MEASUKES
32
OF
[Part II
mid
monument upon
to account for.
Until, ol
its
own
hill at
Gizeh
expanse
Chap.
III.]
33
of the Delta Northward, North-westward, and Northeastward, without the shade of a rival, even of any
its
pre-eminence in
it fills so well
and has
filled so
long.*
Some
all the
iv.,
pp. 72
84.
34
NEW MEASURES OF
[Part
II.
CHAPTER IV.
CHANGE
BUT
Pyramid, as required by
theory of old, and given by observations now.*
Such,
too. that it would
imply a change in the same
kind, that
hundred
generally acknowledged
in
all
Europe;
last
though
certainly
only at the
socket-lines,
axis of rotation
itself.
*"Our
iv.
pp. 72
84.
Chap. IV.]
of rotation within
the stiffness
35
its
hand
36
NEW MEASUKES OF
[Part
II.
new measurer,
Chap. I]
PART
37
III.
CHAPTER
I.
ON
the
is
tacitly
NEW MEASUKES OF
38
[Part
III.
not only for his extra short 9,069, but also for his 9,126
inch base-side, as well as perhaps for the 9,140 inch,
learn,
one of the
which we may
own measures, of the
first reactions
his
Pyramid. For on
he allows, agreeably with Mr. James Simp-
his p. 221
son's and
my own
Chamber
and the other the height between the ceiling and the
floor, different from the other by about five inches, on
account of the floor being raised up to that amount
inside the granite walls above their bases.
For that
method of building Mr. F. P. admits " some reasons
must have existed;" and he very commendably endeavours to find, as Mr. James Simpson did before
him, a geometrical ideal and intellectual justification
for each of
them.
The
Chap.
II.]
CHAPTER
39
II.
UNFINISHED
1/URST,
JD
by slow
afterwards erected
hour.
The vast
size,
mainly and specially valuable to the Taylor antitheory on that account, to^have been planned and laid
out of that full size, or according to him 9,126 inches
from socket to socket, from the first: and by no means
40
to
NEW MEASURES OF
[Part III.
Chap.
III.]
41
i o V?
CHAPTER
III.
37
BUT
3 ^5-
horizontal
and cut
off
stone
movable stone;
interior, and its peculiar
pivots, or Strabo's
the
of granite.
All this, however,
Taylor's Great
^
-
NEW MEASURES
42
OF
[Part III.
probably
from
its
having
the
Mohammedans,
fitted close
Romans
and on one
side, like
Grand
Gallery, to the
further Ascending
Ante-Chamber; and then to the
still
how
if it
well, as
Chap.
III.]
43
"
" trial
cut into the rock
passages
North-east of the Great Pyramid, duly mentioned by
me and first pictured by Colonel Howard Vyse, are
for the peculiar
recognised by
of both the
ramps;
in everything, in fact,
vertical shaft
my
mensurations in
NEW MEASURES OF
44
[Part III.
CHAPTER IV.
ASSERTED ERRORS IN
C. P. S.'s
MEASURES.
angular measures of these remarkable constructions, indeed, are usually left very nearly
but
the linear measures are declared to have a
intact;
small, slowly-increasing error, due to measuring with
MY
2,
Though a most
And
if it is further asserted in
the
new book
that
am
45
Chap. IV.]
they gave out 1,896, 1,872, and 1,824 of the same inch
Indeed the whole case may serve most usefully
to show, without any abstruse mathematics, that the
units.
\S[orld is
now
tell
them^ on
my
'
33
NEW MEASURES OF
46
[Part
III.
CHAPTER Y.
THE SAME TOUCHING THE KING'S CHAMBER MEASURES.
ET
us
now proceed
interior
viz.,
as a mensuration test.
to the chief
the
granite
notable Chamber?
"
Very various/' Mr. Flinders Petrie might probably
Wherefore, if the room was only intended for funereal or tombic purposes, that was coming closer than
there
architect thereby
Chap.V.]
47
and prac-
Chamber."
NEW MEASURES OF
48
[Part III.
CHAPTER VI.
THE COFFER MEASURES.
fTHHE
grand attack, however, on behalf of Egyptology and its exclusively tombic associations of
idolatrous kings where a Pyramid is concerned, is
delivered by the new measurer on the " Coffer."
That mere sarcophagus in the eyes of Egyptologists
was, according to John Taylor,the type of a primitive
mensuration vessel, of whose cubic contents the old
Anglo-Saxon quarter was anciently the fourth part.
And though it has some slight, and easy to be
JL.
its
original or
and as such,
EgyptianTpeople,it is~yet a very remarkable mensuration-looking vessel. This quality arising not only from
its figure and the proportions of its parts, but also
from the absence of all inscription, figuring, or orna-
ments.
And now we
manner
Chap. VI.]
feet
49
by similarly jewelled
and worked with
long,
stupendous power.
He set to work, therefore, on a more particularly
mensuration critique with zeal extraordinary; making
off-set
now
with
these
facts
before
them, will
go
on
is lost,
NEW MEASURES OF
50
[Part III,
"
volume over
"
142,530, or
the
bulk is 5 8 more and the contents
By caliper results,
less
hence the quantities would be:
;
probably 1(J)
all,
" Contents
71,960; solid bulk 70,630; volume over
142,590 British cubic inches."
all,
is
from the
last of the
above statements
= 71,295
But
if
any modern
Chap. VI.]
51
drills
certifiable
Royal
latter's
70,982
How
Petrie's
then
taken
inches^
larger quantity than Mr. Flinders
71,295 of the latter units to be
is this
mean
The answer
is,
by duly attending
it;
and
for
to the different
Fourth Edition,
p. 180.
NEW MEASURES OF
52
[Part III.
and
outside, at
far easier
me by
Mr.
That method
ago.*
principle of
limits
or
and
traitorous,
it.
While,
arrangement
* "
if it
Fourth Edition,
p. 29.
Chap. VI.]
53
NEW MEASURES OF
54
[Part XII.
CHAPTER VII.
ANTE-CHAMBER MEASURES.
similar approximating results we might go
over all these new measures of the Ante-
WITH
Chamber
hitherto
always
measures which Mr. F. Petrie gets
and
dislocated, forms.
Though instead of accepting them
as in any way confirmatory thereof or, as I have so
modern
theorists.
for
it
its
characteristic eccentricity
4. p.
208.
Chap. VII]
55
To
all
Leaf.
While
common
feature
Egyptian buildings
is
exactly
to,
God
of Israel.
NEW MEASURES
56
OF
[Part
III.
CHAPTER VIII.
THE HEBRAICALLY SACRED, EARTH-COMMENSURABLE, ANTIEGYPTIAN CUBIT, OF 25 BRITISH INCHES NEARLY.
the Queen's
For
instructive than
there,
or
1,
him
errors
"of
O66
to
+O36
inches; while
he
intensifies
Our Inheritance
in the
Great Pyramid,"
edit. 4.
57
Chap. VIII.]
own
forced
it
NEW MEASUKES
58
OF
[Part
III.
modern Egyptological
In
studies.
many further examples of the same dangerous kind, that I should be hardly excusable before
the public were I not to endeavour to point out the
supplies so
who
Chap.
59
I.]
PART
axb
Distort),
IV.
anb profane.
CHAPTER
I.
IN
and
of Greek
" The
accuracy of the descriptions of the Greek travellers
deserves notice, as they are often
their facts than
And
modern
much more
accurate in
writers."
appended:
" Thus we
But what
NEW MEASURES OF
2.
[Part IV.
in error.
3.
in error, and,
4. Pliny, for
may be
twice as
much
W\;ase
is said,
advantage.
*
:
*
Now, in their (the Greek travellers') day, the outside circuit of the Great Pyramid was clear of rubbish,
and plain and open to any measurement upon it; and
vet they erred by something amounting to 600 inches
on one base-side length. The moderns, on the contrary, ever since the discovery of the sockets, have
What,
therefore, can
Chap.
I.]
61
classic authors
with
far
"
and
his materials,
of the Great Pyramid was not buried in that monument, and was buried a long way outside it, in a
peculiar insulated position, deep in the rock, and
covered.*
in the
Great
Pyramid."
Fourth Edition,
NEW MEASURES
62
OF
[Part IV.
Unfortunate Mr. F. P.
Chap.
63
II.]
CHAPTER
II.
is
Mr. F.
STILL
most
extra-Egyptian,
and
certainly
Eastern
influence,
it
in
Nor
<?;
'
NEW MEASURES
64
cate,
OF
[Part IV.
may
Philitis.
At
many hundred
ness,
years
afterwards,
it
was
far
at the
viz.,
to
Egypt were
animal
Chap.
II.]
65
the
Bible,
approximate to
centred
viz.,
in
so
far as
all
they
by every believer
may
enable us to
in
the
spirit
of the
superintending
Melcliizedek, or Philitis.
We
amazingly
NEW MEASURES OF
66
CHAPTER
[Part IV.
III.
UT when we
)
new book,
Great Pyramid events took place, alas! how Egyptianised has not Mr. Flinders Petrie himself become in
six short years.
For
Hebrew
likewise
condemned
Pyramid as being
my
2170
B.C.
While he
67
Chap. IV.]
CHAPTER IV.
THE LATTER END INDICATIONS OF THE TIME PASSAGE
THEORY.
JL
quietly
in like
it
to be the party
I,
at his p. 188.
at here,
have
Grand Gallery of
Europe, as to
whether
all
many
Christendom
is
discussions in
in lamentable
and contradictory
in this
P.'s
Hence
my own
NEW MEASURES OF
68
[Part IV.
inch-years longer.
worked-out
being
After,
Grand
doubt, and
or during,
which slowly
Gallery consummation,
difficulty, lasting
many
years.
Mohammedanism and
his readers accept
from himself.
who
threw
of their
Mohammedan King
or
Chap.rv.]
before.
When
Alexandria, of
all
69
men
which
terrific
the Sultan,
fell
into the
hands of England
and 15,000
destructions,
NEW MEASURES OF
70
[Part IV.
sign
phets,
"
in the latter day mentioned there, has long
of hosts
" Our
since been set forth in successive editions of
Inheritance," and is an invaluable truth, most easy for
a thorough and faithful Christian to comprehend and
profit by.
As how,
allusions are
more
difficult.
equally be said of a
Mohammedan people by the Lord of hosts, with
blessings, too, upon them, "Blessed be Egypt, My
" and how in the Hebrew Bible could such
people ?
Mohammedan nation be placed first, and Israel, or
Christianised British-Israel, third only, on the list of
God's favoured and approved nations?
it
begun
in the
And perhaps a
earthly, semi-atheistic
Chap. iv.l
71
is
King of heaven,
at the
threatening Pyramid passage of history,
Southern end of the Grand Gallery, having been entered
by
ourselves as well as
by Egypt
or of the period
between the two lengths of the Grand Gallery, deepening over us. For what has not occurred since then ?
Christian England has allowed the Great Pyramid,
the one and only known remaining monument of the
earth, built according to Divine inspiration, and even
appointed, on the testimony of the Holy Bible, to be
a sign and a witness in the latter day to the God of
Israel, to fall back into the possession and torment of
Mohammedan, riotous, ignorant Arabs. It has also
up the Mohammedan King of Egypt again suphim in his own capital by British Christian
soldiers
and they have been placed in public so as to
set
ported
Moham-
carpet to
NEW MEASURES OF
72
Can
Would
And
monial?
But
IV
who
[Part
identical
times, "The
and heal it."
Lord
shall smite
Egypt;
He
And
and
account of the
oppressors.
In
fact,
the
Lord on
English
grand banquet
in
London, than
Chap. IV.]
tive annihilation of
army
after
73
army of English-led
craft
whomsover He
will."
Reminding us only too clearly
with the first appearance of
character
parallel
in
the
Mohammedanism
world, to smite the Christians
of
its
And how
Mahdi
did this
still
Egyptian armies
Anglo-
Egypt
Egypt
becoming
and screaming
Certainly not
when
was there
Egypt
in 1865;
for
nor
Egypt was
NEW MEASURES OF
74
[Part IV.
But such a
won
victories
was beginning
and
the destiny of Islam being to conquer everywhere
that is not the conclusion indicated for these times in
;
final result is
acknowledge
it,
Chap. IV.]
75
my point of view,
the real character of this most intensely
"
Egyptological book, The Pyramids and Temples of
Gizeh," by W. M. Flinders Petrie ; for there are others
touching
who have
Chap.
I.]
PART
JUnerkau
CHAPTER
77
V.
(Episobc.
I.
had hardly
came a most
THEbeen
written
here,
when
there
for Preserving
and Per-
NEW MEASURES OF
78
[PartV.
its
Standard"
bi-monthly
No. 6,
p. 528,
i.
After very mildly pointing out that Mr. F. P.
was rather too hasty in assuming that his measures
were so very superlative as instantly to utterly overthrow those of his predecessors and constitute " the
"
of all their theories of the Great Pyramid,
funeral
vol.
"We
We
we want a
unto God."
And now
in the latter
It
for the
First,
Work
at the Great
" in
writer stated that Mr. F. P. seemed to him really
"
the most marvellous manner to confirm my conclusions as to the Great Pyramid's socket-defined baseFor while his measures, which were
side length.
be found a
little
further on)
CLap.L]
79
Wood
them
"
Pyramid study,
"H.
G.
WOOD."
"
The " action of the International Institute thus
transmitted was couched in the following words:
FORE,
" THE
INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE
, THAT
FOR PRESERVING AND PERFECTING WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, AT THIS THEIR ANNUAL MEETING, AFTER LISTENING
TO A CAREFUL AND ELABORATE EXAMINATION AND CRITICISM
BY REVEREND H. G. WOOD, OF MR. PETRIK'S WORK, ARE
NOT ONLY STRENGTHENED IN THEIR CONFIDENCE IN THE
ACCURACY OF PROF. SMYTH'S WORK, BUT DISCOVER IN MR.
PETRIE'S MEASUREMENTS THE MATERIAL FOR SUBSTANTIATING THE CONFIDENCE REPOSED IN PROF. SMYTH.
A
, THAT WE APPOINT REV. H. G. WOOD
COMMITTEE TO FORWARD A COPY OF THESE RESOLUTIONS TO
NEW MEASURES OF
80
[Party.
PBOF. SMYTH AND WE REQUEST MR. WOOD TO COMMUNICATE TO PROF. SMYTH THIS DISCOVERY OF THE UNWITTING
CONFIRMATION WHICH MR. PETRIE HAS GIVEN OF PROF.
SMYTH'S THEORETICAL MEASURES OF THE EXTERIOR OF THE
GREAT PYRAMID."
;
Chap.
II.]
CHAPTER
81
II.
ANSWER SENT BY
REV. H.
G.
ENTLEMEN,
U.S.
you came
to, at
8,
Temples of Gizeh."
While I was quite aware that there was much in that
book intended for my own particular confusion, but
which I trusted the Pyramid facts would render me
quite capable of withstanding, I could not but regret
that it seemed to have been arranged also to confound
many
Saying
scientific respect to its unknown architect, commenced by the late John Taylor, Gower-street, London.
and
Now
were
82
NEW MEASURES
always, so far as I
OF
[PartV.
excellent, worthy
individuals, exemplary for carrying the mens sana in
corpore sano, as Christians as well as scientists, but
who, not having been favoured with such large opportunities as had been granted to me, for ascertaining
'on securest
as well as to
Chap.
II.]
83
in
well as I too,
may
Wood
it
has found
it
in its heart to
do on the present occasion. For this mischief-intending work of Mr. F. P. was published in London, not
on its author's responsibility alone, but under the
direct sanction of the one Central Society there which
engrosses now so much wealth, Government subsidy,
executive patronage, and high social influence, as to
have become in a manner dangerous to the liberty of
soul and freedom of conscience of the scientific
men
literary
knowing
Now
and
it.
which
and
which
Royal Society,"
this
society,
is
is
Metrical
system,
many
has
still
further
Pyramid.
(a) In
As
thus:
1859
" Battle of
the Standards."
year's grant to
upon.
(d) Lastly, in 1874, the Royal Society printed, in
a paper on the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain,
Chap.
II.]
85
and measures of the parts of the Pyramid concerned, the Council refused to let them appear iu
either of the two serial publications of the Society, in
both of which the improper documents had figured
tions
it, and bear my testimony elsewhere in the free and open world.
So when I heard, a few months ago, of that Royal
Society."
NEW MEASURES
86
OF
[Part V.
a highly organised nation, the maxithe world, the reverse side of whose
of
Republic
Government seal contains a figure of the Great
Pyramid, and whose coinage, by some special coin-
and
in a nation,
mum
cidence which no
men of the
November
am,
Gentlemen,
Yours most
respectfully,
C. PIAZZI SMYTH.
15, Royal-terrace,
November
Edinburgh.
24, 1883.
Chap.
III.]
CHAPTER
87
III.
street,
IN
the September
number of
this
magazine we
The
One
Smyth's computation.
It is important to any theory founded upon a geometrical construction of the
base
Pyramid
to determine
inches,
more
lines.
or less, below.
is
^ irtfcjA-
'should be^ery
facts are
ffi^n.1
,,<
cToslTTxTlJl^O'-iS.
view.
from
to
mark the
Fic,l
9141.16
^* In
fig.
should be
Fio.2
N.W
M.E
Chap.
Iir.J
base that
ii
would be
difficult,
89
without instrumental
the
inches.
16-9
Some
The superior
skill
figs. 1, 2,
and 3
is
greatly
NEW MEASURES
90
OF
[Part V.
We
What was
architect's intention.
mean by
setting
his
What
it"?
could he
and stretching
and askew ?
corners
his
to the
disprove design.
of
common judgment
coincidences are
We may
safely leave it
to say whether the
even the result of
men
accidental or
carelessness.
Whether the covering was designed for their protection, we cannot say, although it has served this
purpose wonderfully well.
The East socket-line given by Mr. Petrie is the
We have
longest, measuring 9130-8 jH *65 inches.
already shown that the true base line should be very
9140 15 inches. Mr. Petrie's measure is more
close to
What
does this
mean
see.
is
a plane, per-
its axis,
The
South-east socket
is
this
outJi-east socket.
the
one-third
geometry.
mean
is 9069-45
East side, 9067-7, West side,
the
mean
is
9068*15.
The ratio of the means
9068-6;
is thus expressed, 9068-15-r-9069-45=*99985 +
The
the
ratio is the
same
at
any
other_level.
line
appears
ratio of the
major to the
Taking for the East
9139-871 inches, we have for the North base
It thus
is
9141-16 inches.
orbit.
While
this
difference
may
NEW MEASURES OF
92
[Part V.
explain the fact that the diagonals of the base are not
perpendicular to each other, it cannot affect any theory
grounded upon a vertical section running North and
by 9141-16
inches.
First
express
tropical year in
mean
the
What do
(fig. 1).
East socket
line.
The
One
May we
say that
the
exact
num(in inches)
-65.
common
we have
Deduct
twenty-five,
25
36499-224.
Petrie's
65.
from
One
36524-224.
fourth
The
of this
is
remainder is
Mr.
9124-806
May we
is
91Sp^^
9998591.
9998591,
is
9129-8+-48.
May
93
Chap. III.]
socket-line
known
West
-7 for possible
error in
9117-6.
May we
known
West
eccentricity
socket-line
was
of the moon's
NEW MEASURES
94
OF
[Part V.
Two
the amount of this discrepancy.
evidences of settling are found. First in the pavement.
Mr. Petrie found the pavement-line on
corner to
the North
from end
side
to
by
end.
the casing-stones
But midway on
nearly level
the South
it
is
And on
the
the
5'6
West
Professor
lower
than on
West
end.
the
in
Second,
Smyth found
King's Chamber
West
walls
6' 6".
fissure
change of
6'
in the
account for the difference in the levels of the pavement, it also gives reason to believe that the South-
->
g^y
-'-"
socket/ Theoretically
it
Chap.
III.]
The sum of the four theoretical socketwe have presented is 36502'944 inches. The
putation.
lines
sum
error
is 12916-21 inches.
Mr. Petrie's
from this by '59+'9 of an inch.
socket corner
measure
differs
The
whose base
is
In a Pyramid
is 5818*8 inches.
9140-15 inches square, and altitude
we
NEW MEASURES OF
96
[Part V.
5818*8 inches.
Let a
circle
whose circumference
is
along
till
BDL
Pyramid
is
in
One
Passage, 26
Alpha Draconis,
?
^
<*
Chap.
III.]
',
South-east socket
floor.
NEW MEASUKES
98
OF
[Part V-
The horizontal
same point from the North base-line
distance of this
It will be
AB = 9140-15 or
AX
WB = 50^=493-48
EG = (100;r)
IB =
(10n-) =986-96;
=1542, the floor-line
distance from the floor of the Entrance Passage to the
-:-8
Passage;
GK = 6007r = 1884-95.
roof,
Chap.
III.]
99
its
H. G.
WOOD.
'^^J!^.
*7
^X^V^L-X,
JH-S --%>/ 93*
~~ ^l*
^ /V/x).
/fair 7^
'4~,
^^^^^
^-t*-***^^*-^^**"^,**^
^^y
^ ^
^K-*-*^-*-^^u *~f
^^A^rTx^
App. No.
1.]
101
APPENDIX.
No.
PROSPECTIVE
I.
WHAT
IS
TO
PYRAMIDS.
28, 1884.)
BE ACCOMPLISHED BY MEASURING
INACCURACY OF OLD MEASUREMENTS.
THE
it,
and
for
uncovering the
to their foundation, is
now
in
such shape that ifa_ a^tnal accomplish merit rfiay hft InnTcpd
As the purpose of the proposed
_fpr_jn_tha^ near ^future.
is
little
and as no authoritative stateunderstood,
expedition
ment has been made covering that point, The Times' correspondent called on Mr. C. E. Latimer, President of the
Institute and one of the leading engineers of the country,
who kindly explained the purpose in full.
"
"There have been," said Mr. Latimer, various propositions from the members of the society looking to such
an expedition and urging the great importance of it in view
NEW MEASURES OF
102
[App.No.
I.
seemed
markable
He
re-
box,
called a sarcophagus.
"'
most
of
all
the
and
also
much
of the exterior
by
different measurers
to 9,168 inches,
settled
but
App.No.I.]
103
Smyth, or by any one else that preceded him but one thing
he does prove, that the level of the South-east socket gives
y,139'871 inches^ which, is precisely what the mathema;
To overthrow
overthrow
to
is
all
the theories
size
Petrie to publish his book, having given him 500 dollars for
that purpose.
Mr. Petrie has likewise attempted to overthrow many of the theories of Piazzi Smyth, and set up
therefor
new ones
In the midst of
of his own.
all
these
International
Institute
for
Preserving
and
Perfecting
to
disclose
for the first time for 3,000 years, the appearance of the
ground thereabout possibly to unearth many objects of
archaeological value,
which
stupendous monument
it
to arrive at the
which
it
truth,
and making
has for so
many thousand
The members
slopes.
it,
it
contains.
*~~S
measure
all
difference of opinion.
The object
is
is
now any
work
of our forefathers,
descendants of those
our duty to
who
built that
therein.
if
would make
all
my
preparations to
me
as I
were obtained.
He
shortly after-
itself at that
App.No.
fail
I.]
105
that the
of sufficient importance to
purpose as a scientific object.
it
own
as being a
letter
It
?*
raise
To many
persons
it will
be an enigma
why we should go
why we should be so
units,
now proposed
to be
utterly subverted and a system not yet 100 years old introduced in their stead, which is not truly cosmical, as admitted
<TT
:^r^i^*^~-
**~^>~^ o&<Xcfc*^
**.
"^^^^^S^^x^&
^MCT2^
*
/^v .**^^^i
-^
"->) '
No. II.
^--v-,/fc^
2*r*CI^-
'**<?:.
~*-^^-^
DR.
CONTINUE
Banner o/
Israel cf
August 8th._1883.)
^
to
relating to the
Major
here,
who
is also
an enthusiast in
all
things
"The Tower
of
Egypt;
or,
London: Partridge
and
(2)
Origin
Significance of the Great
Staniland
Wake.
London: Reeves &
Pyramid."
Turner. They are able, and eloquently written; this they
have in common, but they wholly differ in everything else.
The former work is by a devout believer in Scripture, and
of the Great Pyramid."
&
By
A. R. G.
"The
By C.
Co.;
Pyramid. He professes to
have made very important discoveries, especially in the
Grand Gallery, and to have found a most important new
also in the divine origin of the
discoveries;
full
notice
in
forthcoming new
will require
edition of " Our
Inheritance."
man who
is by
and everything that
the Great
has said against the supernatural
anyone
^
*
Pyramid, but who is deaf as an adder to all that has been
proved in support of
its
high origin.
character,
But,
graciously allowed.
blinder than Pharaoh's magicians, he cannot see in
"
this marvellous monument
any trace of the finger of God."
rather, its astrological
is
much
His
" erected
To me
who
>
in fact, a grand temple erected to the devil!
Shas always been a cause of rejoicing that those
"--
is,
it
and
scientific
Pyramid
Sin,
"whose coming
and
after the
.
working of Satan; .
send them strong delusion, that
they should believe a lie" (2 Thess. ii. 11). The whole of
this wonderful chapter was in my mind while perusing this
is
God
shall
elsewhere,
The
Christian Age.
it
affords
merriment
event
of one age
no single
'
'
App.No.U.]
another.
109
The ligkL
of
all-wise
full-orbed splendour.
There
and imperceptibly
For example,
if
His ascension
on the
The
day of Pentecost.
they are
all,
NEW MEASUKES OF
110
[App. No.
II.
in.
earliest
and
all
but
of Pentecost the
It
bombarding of that
p.
Kingdom
shall
all
clear
will
be
^^^
the coming of the Lord for His own, in order to rescue them
"
that will then immediately set
the " great tribulation
from
(Sxrvt~'7'~~
a
tribulation
the
/></,
many stages of which are graphically
in,
own
App.No.II.]
Ill
place,"
noble
men who,
My
object
is to
vindicate those
B.
I.
The above
may be considered
"
instance,
easily.
For
who
remember
the first,
phasising the two lengths of the Grand Gallery?
1882, through the Great Step, and the second, 1910, over the
be.
marking
" the
beginning of the end"?
And
in that case,
catalogued for
it.
112
NEW MEASURES OF
[App. No.
III.
8, 1883.)
WE
"
God of Israel,
the Lord Jehovah, has heard their cries, and sent them " a
"
saviour and a great one " " to deliver them.
That " saviour
"
"
and great one
is British-Israel,
the great and mighty
"
nation
of God's promises to Abraham (Gen. xii. 2, xviii.
App.No.IIL]
113
is
spiritually to Christ
The
Christian Dispensation.
Let us hear what the Times said
state of Egypt before we lately interfered, and what
was the
it is
to-day
now
that
we have become
"saviour," or "deliverer."
its
suzerain, protector,
"...
nothing to
fear, either
the interference of
any European
Power.
The
riot
at
the industrial
life of
to a military adventurer,
crisis.
hesitation
At
last,
NEW MEASURES OF
114
irretrievably ruined,
sacrificed.
and the
The bombardment
vital
[App.No.III.
interests
of the
of
England
forts at Alexandria
midable
it
was.
fairly
good grace
in a course of action which practically secured her substantial interests, though in a manner which, by her own
default,
propre.
leader.
it
moral condition
Order is secured
by the presence of the British troops, and progress is guaranteed by the authoritative supervision of competent Englishis
Maxwell, and before long Egypt will enjoy what she has
probably never enjoyed before in modern times, a prompt,
In fact, if
cheap, and impartial administration of justice.
we compare
year ago,
the condition of
it is
it is
it
was a
the same
App.Ko.Ul.]
115
admit that
Egypt a year ago; for the rebellion of Arabi was but the
outcome of years of previous tyranny and misery suffered
by the Fellaheen, or peasantry of Egypt. But to-day we see
"
" the
saviour and deliverer
at work, striving alone, but
with God's blessing, to restore order, good government,
sound fiscal laws, contentment among the people;
justice,
25
clear
nation
Israel,
we
see
how
is
hopeful
and satisfactory as an
"
great and mighty
God's
is
vow unto
shall smite
Egypt; He
perform
shall smite
it.
and heal
And
it.
the
Lord
And
they
Lord, and He shall be intreated of
them, and shall heal them." These are words of comfort for
Egypt, and of great encouragement to the missionary
shall return (even) to the
NEW MEASURES
116
OF
[App.No.III.
hereby
it is
known
that
must be
fulfilled,
God
exists, that
and that
all
His promises
to
effect
Egypt
one by
God's glory.
Behold then another proof of the truth of God's Word, and
of the literal fulfilment of His promises and curses.
Hence
the infidel may learn that there is a God above who rules on
Israel,
App.No.
117
IV.]
INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE
FOR PRESERVING AND PERFECTING WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
Was
8,
1879.*
J. S. F.
M.
Searles, Vice-President.
Mary
PUBLISHING COMMITTEE.
Editors: Charles Latimer, C.E.;
J.
H. Dow,
W. W.
Williams,
J.
W.
J.
A. Bidwell,
H.
C.
Eedfield, M.D..
Thompson.
Mrs. A. M.
Mary
Searles,
B. Sanford.
J.
J.
W.
New
York.
NEW MEASURES
118
OF
[App.No.IV.
Continued.
SOCIETY'S
HALL AND
OFFICE.
Commodore W.
N.B.
The opinions
of the
members
of the Institute
Pyramid are
upon the
varied.
A bi-monthly journal
contents of each
is also
"
meetings be opened with prayer, invoking the blessing of God upon the work of
the Society." C. P. S.
119
App.Xo.IV]
A MAGAZINE
DEVOTED TO THE PRESERVATION AND PERFECTION OF THE ANGLOSAXON WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, AND THE DISCUSSION AND
DISSEMINATION OF THE WISDOM CONTAINED IN THE
*
No.
II.
1.
Issued bi-monthly.
IN EGYPT.
MARCH,
1884.
Price 35 cents.
dols.
per
annum
in advance,
The International Institute as a body is not responsible for the facts or the opinions
put forth by any of the writers for this Magazine.
advancing truths most absolute, as portrayed in the revelations of
Pyramid of Egypt, and of the success of the Society in preserving inviolate
the Anglo-Saxon weights and measures, -will kindly communicate with the President,
by whom also subscriptions, donations, and communications will be gratefully
All in favour of
the Great
received, at
BOSTON
345,
TREMOST STREET.
CONTENTS OF NO.
1,
VOLUME
I.
PAGE
PORTRAIT OF PRESIDENT JAMES A. GARFIELD.
Charles Latimer, C.E.
In Answer to the Question " What Reasons Are There in Favour
"
of Retaining the Present Units of Weights and Measures 1
George C. Davies.
J.H.Dow.
16
F. Quinby.
18
Introduction
President's Address
W.
NEW MEASURES
120
CONTENTS OP No.
1,
VOL.
OF
I.
[App.No.IV.
Continued.
PAGE
Sketch of the Great Pyramid's Modern Discovery.
L. J. Bisbee.
21
The Situation
The Argument Condensed
Parallax of the Sun
Charles Latimer, C.E.
Remarks of Joseph Baxendell, Astronomer, on Papers by Mr.
Dow and Mr. Latimer
Win. H. Searles. C.E.
The Proportions of the King's Chamber.
Sanford Fleming, C.M.G.
Standard Time
Report by S. F. Gates, Member of Committee on the Perfecting
of our Present Weights and Measures
Letters from Professor Smyth and the Distinguished French
...
Author and Scientist, Abbe F. Moigno
Charles Latimer, C.E.
James A. Garfield
Mrs. A. D. T. Whitney.
The Great Pyramid
J. H. Dow.
Review of Mr. Proctor's New Book
The Pyramid Thermometer Compared with Fahrenheit, Reaumer
and Centigrade
The International Standard
23
NO. 2. VOLUME I.
PORTRAIT OF PROFESSOR GREAVES (Oxford, A.D.
37
46
49
58
63
65
66
70
72
1650).
77
Ephraini M. Epstein,
Principal, Academic Department of University of Dakota
C. L. Redfield.
New Scale for Weights and Measures ...
95
J.H.Dow.
Objections Answered
Origin of
John Greaves
Inch and Grain
35
J. H. Dow.
Jacob M. Clark, C.E.
Suggestive Question
Compilation of Metric Analogues
"
On the Origin of the Word " Geometry
24
28
J.
J.
90
101
104
116
119
122
Anonymous.
124
125
126
Ralston Skinner
C. Piazzi
Redfield.
Rev. H. G. Wood.
Letters from
W.
73
Smyth
127
-
130
C. A. L. Totten
130
Jacob M.Clark
134
App.No. IV.]
NO.
3.
VOLUME
121
I.
PAGE
POBTEAIT OF JOHN TAYLOR.
Rev. Jesse Jones
History of the Great Pyramid
Description and Meaning of the Design on the Cover.
137
143
Campaign de Moise
The Great Pyramid and the Geographical Position of Jerusalem.
116
Joseph Baxendell.
Carrie L. Searles.
Reply to Captious Opponents
Extracts from "Unification of Moneys, Weights, and Measures."
Alfred B. Taylor.
John Taylor His Biography
...
Mrs. C. Piazzi Smyth.
How to Preserve a Record
A.M. Searles.
154
to
entitled,
"
Jacob M. Clark.
The Cap-Stone
Conservatively Radical
Full Times
J.
H. Dow.
Letters
Reviews
Meeting of Ohio Auxiliary
In Reply to a Critic
Inquirers' Club
NO.
...
4.
VOLUME
158
168
178
182
187
194
202
203
204
213
214
215
216
I.
HOWABD VYSE
A.D. 1830.
Rev. H. G. Wood,
No. 2
of the
217
221
236
242
244
245
The Limestone
of the Great
Pyramid.
Professor N. B.
Wood.
Chinese Measures
Lieut. C. A. L. Totten.
225
229
Measures
The Unveiling of
Isis
Wicked
Ephraim M. Epstein, M.D.
250
258
NEW MEASURES
122
CONTENTS OP No.
4,
VOL.
OF
[App.No.1V.
Continued.
I.
PAGE
Standard Time
Kev. H. G. Wood.
Letters
260
272
275
Eeviews
279
Editorial Notes
283
288
Errata
291
NO.
PORTRAIT OF SIR
J. F.
5.
Lieut. C. A.L.Totten.U.S.A.
286
VOLUME
W. HERSCHEL,
I.
J.
Wm. H.
W.
Redfield,
M.D.
297
312
Searles, C.E.
323
329
Baxendell
J.H.Dow.
Biographical Notice of General Howard Vyse.
Mrs. C. Piazzi Smyth.
340
353
366
...
Why
Engineering News.
Thomas Holland.
Should
Not Be Abandoned.
371
John Herschel.
375
387
...
Sir
Letters
Editorial Notes
...
6.
348
NO.
343
VOLUME
.394
I.
Annual Address
of
409
413
426
Institute
433
123
CONTENTS OF No.
6,
VOL.
Continued.
I.
PAGE
lleport of
Chairman
of
Wood.
445
T. Alan.
453
458
475
480
Prof. N. B.
Analogy
Let Every Saxon Sing
The Unveiling of Isis.
W.
...
II
461
613
Institute
Inquirers' Club
515
524
526
530
532
Obituary Notices
Errata
533
534
Letters
Treasurer's Eeport
Eeviews
Editorial Notes
NO.
VOLUME
1.
II.
PORTRAIT OF M. L'ABBE
"
many
W.
M.D.
14
31
Eeview
S. Beswick, C.E.
The First Meridian and the Metric System.
M. L'Abbe
Moigno, Canon of St. Denis Cathedral, Paris, France.
The Moon's Mean Period
Joseph Baxendell, F.E.A.S.
43
58
60
62
Interesting Communications.
...
J.
Bedfield,
Army
of
39
NEW MEASURES
124
CONTENTS OF No.
1,
VOL.
OF
II.
[App.No.IV.
Continued.
PAGE
Measures of the Great Pyramid by a New Measurer, A
C. Piazzi Smyth.
Preliminary Notice of
Rev. H. G. Wood.
Genealogical Stones in the Great Pyramid.
New
The Logic
68
74
C. Piazzi Smyth.
76
78
The Eise
Is the
63
of the Pyramids.
of the Antipodes
M. Le Abbe
Chanoine F. Moigno.
Scientific Californian.
Letters
79
80
...
85
89
Reviews
91
Inquirer's Club
92
Errata
93
..
App.No.V.]
APPENDIX No. V.
A MESSAGE
125
FROM KHARTOUM.*
There came along the wire lately a sad and ominous message
from Khartoum, telegraphed to the Times on March 23,
The words
1884, and published on April 1 in London.
" We are
were:
British
We cannot
daily expecting
troops.
bring ourselves to believe that we are to be abandoned by
Government.
the
Our
existence depends
on England."
rather than
exercise
sovereignty of
this
kind in Egypt,
the
Government
The Times
declared,
on April
1,
rife,
From
NEW MEASURES OF
126
surrendered to
rounded by
its
[App.No.V.
is
sur-
momentous
step.
Why
not?
commencement of
and
the Government
Empire,
a deliberate
and
The
by
first
falling
we
every reasonable
man must
approve.
App.No.V.]
127
What
Edom (or
14)?
if
if
He
in
down
the
of the Hegira.
The Government
whether they
fall of
God has
have no control,
in
is
at the great
come
to us
from Khartoum
of the Mahdi's
University of California
FACILITY
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from which it was borrowed.
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9 1990
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