Planning and Scheduling

Dr. Ir. HM. Agung Wibowo, MM, MSc

Jati Utomo Dwi Hatmoko, ST, MM, MSc, PhD

Definition (Collins English Dictionary)

A detailed scheme, method, etc. for
attaining an objective.
A proposed usually tentative idea for doing
something.
A diagram or list showing work to be done,
with associated times.

Planning
Planning is thus a general term
which is used to encompass the
ideas which are commonly reffered
to as programming, scheduling and
organising.

The Aim of Planning

Its aim can be defined to be making
sure that all work required to
complete a project gets done :
- In the correct order ;
- In the right place ;
- At the right time ;
- By the right people and
equipment ;
- To the right quality ;
- In the most economical, safe and
environmentally acceptable
manner.

The who of planning

Client
Principal Consultant
Contractor

Constraint of planning

Budget Consideration
Resources Consideration
Type of Project

Planning and Control Cycle

Plan work

External information
(production rates,
Head Office
constraints etc.)
Work

Control
Correlation
information

Monitor

Techniques of Scheduling

List of Activities
Bar chart / Gantt Chart
Critical Path Method (CPM)
Precedence Diagram Network (PDM)
PERT (Programme Evaluation & Review
Technique)
Line of Balance Method
Time Chainage Diagram (Mass Haul
Diagram)

Project Scope

Scope statement

Statement of work

a document that provides an understanding,

justification, and expected result of a project
written description of objectives of a project

Work breakdown structure

breaks down a project into components,

subcomponents, activities, and tasks

Copyright 2006 John Wiley

& Sons, Inc.

9-9

Work Breakdown Structure for Computer

Order Processing System Project
Copyright 2006 John Wiley
& Sons, Inc.

9-10

Organizational Breakdown Structure

a chart that shows which organizational units are responsible for

work items

Responsibility Assignment Matrix

shows who is responsible for work in a project

Copyright 2006 John Wiley

& Sons, Inc.

9-11

What activities needed to

do this work?
Excavate base
Blind base
Formwork
Reinforcement
Concrete

Project Scheduling

Steps
Define activities
Sequence activities
Estimate time /duration
Develop schedule

Copyright 2006 John Wiley

& Sons, Inc.

Excavate base

(4d)

Blind base

(2d)

Formwork

(5d)

Reinforcement

(4d)

Concrete

(1d)

9-13

Bar Chart
A bar chart shows the activities of a project and
how they are scheduled in time, by using lines or
bars in proportional in length to the scheduled
duration for the activity.
Provides visual display of project schedule
Gantt Chart / Bar Chart
Linked Bar Chart
Resource Bar Chart

BAR CHART (Gantt Chart)

ACTIVITY
Excavate base (4d)

Blind base (2d)

Formwork (5d)
Reinforcement (4d)
Concrete (1d)

Week 1

TIME (weeks)
Week 2

Week 3

Example of Gantt Chart

0

Month
4

10

Activity
Design house
and obtain
financing
Lay foundation
Order and
receive
materials
Build house
Select paint

Select carpet
Finish work

1
Copyright 2006 John Wiley
& Sons, Inc.

Month
9-16

Gantt Chart
(Mawdesley, 1997)

Advantages ?
Disadvantages ?

Bar Chart
Advantages & Disadvantages
Advantages :

1.
2.
3.

Simple
Easy to make
Easy to understand, as it provides visual display of project
schedule

Disadvantages :

1.
2.

No clear links between activities

If delays occur, the impact on the project is not clear

Linked Bar Chart (Mawdesley, 1997)

Resource Bar Chart (Mawdesley, 1997)

Check the plan (Mawdesley, 1997)

A plan should be checked for:
Completeness
The sequence of the work
The timing of the work
The financial implications
The use of resources
The quality, safety and environmental
implications

Make a simple project schedule using barchart

Use only 5 activities

(Work in groups of two)
Activity

Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Define the scope of the project

Make a list of activities
Put the activities in order
Define the durations of the activities
Define when the activities starts

Steps of making a bar chart

1.

Define the scope of the project

2.

Make a list of activities

3.

Put the activities in order

4.

Define the durations of the activities

5.

Define when the activities starts

Activity

1. Foundation

2. Wall
3. Windows & Doors
4. Roof
5. Finishing (tiles, painting
walls, etc)

Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10

Linking activities in the project

predecessor

successor

foundation

wall
Finish to Start (FS)

Activity
1. Foundation

2. Wall
3. Windows & Doors
4. Roof
5. Finishing (tiles, painting
walls, etc)

Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10

Network
A network is a diagram showing all
activites which are needed to complete a
project and the order which they must
be done.
It therefore comprises two parts :
The activities
Some method of displaying the
technological logic of construction.

Network (Mawdesley, 1997)