For

a linear magnetic circuit:

 Substituting
We

obtain:

Where:

 Permanent

magnet DC machine
Separately excited DC machine
Self excited DC machine
Shunt wound DC machine
Series wound DC machine
Compound wound DC machine

Cumulative compound
Short shunt DC machine
Long shunt DC machine
Differential compound
Short shunt DC machine
Long shunt DC machine

 A PM

motor does not have a field winding on the

stator frame

 The

armature and the field are fed from two

independent sources.

 From

the figure beside:

The characteristics of the shunt machine are similar to

those of the separately excited machine

 From

figure beside:

 The

speed of the DC series motor is approximately

inversely proportional to the input current.
Therefore, on light loads dangerously high speeds
could be reached. In practical applications of the
motor, protective devices are used to guard against
this contingency.
The torque equation:

 Calculate

the voltage induced in the armature

winding of a 4-pole, lap-wound, dc machine
having 728 active conductors and running at 1800
rpm. The flux per pole is 30 mWb.

 The

armature is lap wound, a=p

 What

is the voltage induced in the armature of the

machine of example 1, if the armature is wave
wound?

 For

a wave-wound armature, a = 2. Thus,

230-V, shunt generator has Ra=0.05

and Rf =57.5 . If the generator operates at rated
voltage, calculate the induced voltage at full-load.
Neglect brush contact drop.

A 100-kW,

 If

the generator of example 3 has a total

mechanical and core loss of 1.8 kW. Calculate:
The generator efficiency at full-load
The horsepower output from the prime mover to drive
the generator at this load.

 From

example 3:
The copper losses in the field and armature
winding are:

 A separately

excited dc generator has a constant

loss of Pc(W), and operates at a voltage V and
armature current Ia. The armature resistance is Ra.
At what value of Ia is the generator efficiency a
maximum?

 For

to be a maximum, d/dIa=0, or

Therefore:

 the

efficiency is maximized when the armature

loss equals the constant loss, Pc.

 At

what load does the generator of examples (3)

and (4) achieve maximum efficiency? What is the
value of this maximum efficiency?

 From

problem 4, the constant losses are:

From

example (5):

And

 A 10-hp,

230-V shunt motor takes a full-load line

current of 40 A. The armature and field resistances
are 0.25 and 230 , respectively. The total
brush-contact drop is 2 V and the core and friction
losses are 380 W. Calculate the efficiency of the
motor. Assume that stray-load loss is 1% of output.