Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
AMERICA
SFRTFS
SCIENTIFIC
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Copyright 1909, by
Munn &
Co., Inc.
Tbe
is
reserved including
the Scandinavian.
Entered
at Stationer's
Hall,
MACGOWAN
& SUPPER.
30 Beeicman
New York. U.
THE
GEHY CENia
LIBRARY
St.
S.
Printers
PREFACE
EVERY
practical
been confronted
professional, has
at
one time or
man who
seldom
The
of considerable ingenuity.
if
has
ever
of procedure.
met an
is
averse to
After
resourceful
all,
making public
he has
little
his
to gain
method
by keep-
men
in the
same
own
line of
work, he
is
suggestions to the
About a year ago, it was decided to open a department in the Scie7ttific American devoted to the interests
of the handy man.
There was an almost immediate
response.
Hundreds
from every
of valuable suggestions
were eager
poured in
as well.
professional
men
emer-
wrinkles or
from
these,
men
in
showed
many
kinks"
as
valuable contributions
other walks of
life
resourceful
Aside
came from
men, who
in the garden,
man
*'
on the farm.
in the physics
The
electrician
and the
ideas.
Automobiles,
PREFACE
IV
motor
cycles,
among
class of
These
men who
also
con-
upon
us.
It
in the Scientific
volume
of material;
New
RUSSELL BOND
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
Fitting up a
I.
PAGE
1-63
WoRKSHor
Clamp.
Clamp.
Miter Box.
Quick Clamp.
Planing Dog.
CHAPTER
II.
Shop Kinks
64-106
Simple
The Clothespin on the
Method of Constructing a Handle. Convenient Holder for
Sandpaper. How to File Round Work. Vise for Polished Pipe.
Thread Cutting Without a Die. How to Wind a Spaced Coil
Vise.
An Emergency
Prevent the Nail from Splitting the Wood. Remedy for Loose
Screws. Weatherboard Gage. A Ladder Extension Leg.
A Painter's Platform Bracket. Paper Hanger's Adjustable
Templet.
A Good Substitute for Leather Belting. Gage for
Wood
CONTENTS
PAGE
Augers. Holder for Broken Shank Drills. Simple Drill ClearSimple Driver for Small Drills. A Guide for Drilling
ance.
Horizontal Holes. Drilling Holes in Marbles. A Handy Tap
Finding
Shaft
When
the
Center
of
A Home-made
Ladle.
The Turning
Plate.
How
Shaft.
Babbitting.
An
Micrometer.
Fittings.
Improved
Dowel
Preparation ok
107-155
Hints on
of
fication
Support a
to
Metal Pot and
TTI.
Tin-:
Soldering.
of a Ball.
CHAPTER
Soldering Apparatus.
as
Solders.
Soft
Gold Solders.
Aluminium.
Solders.
Solders.
Aluminium
CHAPTER
The Handy Man
in
Hard
Solders.
Solders.
How
to
Silver
Solder
IV.
the FACT()R^
'5^-i77
Accu-
Work.
Holder for Grinders. Cutting Keyways on a Die Sinker. Screw Slotting .Attachment for Lathes.
Crankpin
Micrometer Attachment for the Milling Machine.
Turning Device. Boring Cylinder Bushings for Locomotives.
I'ans on Machine Tools.
A Muffler for Gas Engines. .Automatic Lubricating Cup.
A Hydraulic Test for the Boiler.
Method of Patching a Boiler. Straightening Buckled Castings.
Portable Polishing Lathe.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
V,
PAOE
Thi-:
178-229
made Seismograph.
CHAPTER
VI.
230-313
The Handy Man's Electrical Laboratory
An Unbreakable Leyden Jar. A Substitute for Tinfoil in
How to
Leyden Jars. A Home-made Wimshurst Machine.
Make
an
Oscillating
Illuminations
chine.
Electric
Static
Stratification in
Vacuo
Its
Make
An
Machine
for
Winding
Handy Form
cals.
Dry
Easily
Electrostatic
Coils.
Ma-
ence ]\lachine.
to
Motor.
for
How
Coil.
Physiological Effects.
of Voltaic Battery.
Battery.
nating-current
An
Simple Wireless Telegraph Detector. An Electrolytic DeThe Construction of a Magnetic Detector. Experiments with Alternating Current, Using a Small Direct-current
Motor.
An Electrical Paradox. Construction of a Selenium
tector.
Cell.
CONTEXTS
YlU
CHAPTER
VII.
PAGB
314-368
An
Cooker.
less
Electrical
Heat-retaining Bottle.
Fireless
An Improvement for
Boilers. How to Mend a
Pot.
A Home-made
Cooker.
Refrigeration.
Iceless
Coffee
Cast-iron Boiler.
Electric
Mending Cast-iron
Pipe
Fittings.
Outside Faucet.
Lawn
How
Sprinkler.
to ]\Iend
Garden Hose.
Anti-freezing
A Home-made
How to Repair
CHAPTER
Pots.
A'lII.
369-433
How
Automobile House.
Portable
drawn Bugg>'
Motor Buggy
into a
to
Convert a
HorseGetting
Home
The
New Gutch
How
be Replaced.
ship.
Relining the
Leather.
How
Ice Yacht.
to
to Construct
When
An Inexpensive
Simple Method of
How
to
Build a
Brake Shoes.
Nut Cannot
a Lost
Scooter.
.A.
CONTENTS
PAGE
Taking
Spilings.
CHAPTER
Model Toy Flying Machines
Simple Monoplane.
The Aeroplane
Kite.
IX.
434-455
Flying Machine.
Index
456-465
Authors' Index
466-467
I.
FITTING UP A WORKSHOP
BUILDING THE SHOP
MAN
IIANDV
WiiKKSHUl'
AND
LAi;(JKATUkY
remaining
piers
are leveled
up from
this
down on
one,
end.
The
by means of a
builder's level.
Since
it
is
Fig.
it
will be well to
make
shown
in
Fig.
2.
and a small
liand-iiole is
l"iy. 2
toj).
a suitable
This can be
shelf,
builder's level
upon which
is
The
made
it.
is
must
must be
leveling edge
HANDY
-MAN
S WOKKSIJfJI'
AM) LAnoKATOKY
and, holding the leveling- board on the tops of each pair of piers
successively, commencing with the permanent one. level them all
by raising or lowering them in their respective holes, when they
should be permanently set, as was the first.
The wall plates or bottom framing are made from 4x6 timber,
half jointed at each corner, and secured to each i)icr with tenpenny nails driven in from either side. The four corner piers
being 9x12 feet out to out, one pair of the 4x6 timbers will be
12 feet in length, and the other 9 feet. The framework must form
a perfect right angle at each pier, which can be tested by means
F TT
Fig. 3
Fijj.
corner
corner posts
Along the inside edge of the framework lay off a line 3 feet in
length on one timber and 4 feet on the other, when the two timbers must be closed, or opened, until the distance between these
two points measures exactly
The
5 feet, as
shown
in Fig'. 3.
sometimes
called, are
made
plate or
manner
illustrated in Fig. 4.
The top
HANDV MAN
4
and
plates
and
either side.
rails
The
LAl'.ORATORY
Make
j^osts
AND
rails are
S \Vt)KKSH(ll'
rafters are
made
is
lintel.
3.
it
rest
upon the
plates,
Fig. 5
2x3
One
inches.
where they
rafter can he
for a templet, or as
first,
rafters should be
the sides, as in the case of the floor joists, then the others
may
The framework
Fig.
5.
lx)ards,
of the building
detail of construction
is
is
now
complete, as
shown
shown
at the right.
in
Rough
across the joists for the roof, and secured with eightpenny nails.
The
made
of tongue-and-groove boards, or
HANDY MAN
ordinary boards like
of
wood
WUKKSlJOl'
tiic
AND LAliOkATORY
narrow
strips
Space must be
left in
Fig. 6
Cracl
s in
windows had
ing, to get a
good
light.
If 10
x8
glass
is
used, the
framework
or sash will be about 2 feet 4^, inches by i foot 11^ inches high.
The window openings in the sides of the building, therefore,
should be
foot 11
!:[j[jjjjj-ujxuijD[
Fig.
double sash.
They should be
for sash
and
front, the boards being cut flush with the top of the middle rails,
to
nailed.
The boards
opening
liANDV MAN'
The
riooring,
fit
close
up
to the sides,
The
house,
2x4, notched
all
the
shown.
inch, as
notched
is
first
way down,
This
is
The
are nailed
all
roof, notching
^
and windows
The door can be made of the same stuff as the sides, strengthened with battens as shown in Fig. i. A diagonal batten can be
put on also, letting it bear top and bottom against the horizontal
battens,
let it
all
Hinges and a
latch,
also a
HANDV MAN
The roof
is
chased
prepared.
already
Commence
at
the
it
can be pur-
eaves,
allowing
enough
to tuck
Fig.
the house.
tar
tin
all
paper or
10 Exterior view
Large-headed galvanized
felt
nails are
;
used
to hold the
oil, g-as,
ney connection
coal stove
is
made
beini,^
used.
in the roof or
if
3*
THE WORKBENCH
The workbench shown
saving time and labor
is
in
in
Fi.i,^
making
it
it.
The standard
and 2
II
if
there
size of a joiner's
feet 9 inches in
unnecessary for home purposes.
Fig.
is no permanent shop
bench is 12 feet in length
height and width. This size is altogether
for
is
;
From
solid
names.
at
end of book.
HANDY MAN
by
6,
of the
same
lens^th.
liiyh.
up
level.
The
slotted hole,
or mortise, at the bottom of the vise post, should be cut before the
post
is
set up,
the bench
is
The mortise
with a
or
may
made when
made by boring two ^-inch
and cutting out the wood between
complete.
flat chisel.
The
is
nails.
The
The
tool rack
full
stuff,
about 2 inches
Partitions can be
made
of the same
nished with a
number
answer
is
shown
on the market,
in Fig. 12, is
very gen-
]IANDV
10
MAN
Fig.
vise
of the vise.
from the
top,
0000
000
Fig. 13
bored through tho apron and the i)Ost, a trifle larger than the
screw. The guide is made from hard wood, 18 inches in length,
cut to fit easily the li^le in the bench ])Ost, but having a driving
fit
in the vise
jaw, to which
rf
the vise
is
it
is
secured by toe-nailing.
Someshown
HANDY man's
in the detail view,
WOUKSllOl'
Fig. 13,
when
AND LABORATORY
The guide
shown
in Fig.
II
is
furnished with
is
provided, similar to
bench.
The apron is provided with holes and a peg, to rest the free
end of a long plank upon, when being worked in the vise. A
suitable bench stop is put in the planing board of the workbench.
Various designs are on the market, which can be easily attached,
but a very good one can be made by using a 2 by 2-inch piece of
oak. a foot in length. A hole is cut about 9 inches from the end
of the bench, and the stop must have a driving fit, being raised
or lowered by hitting it with a hammer. This is much better
than the metal stops, since there is no possible chance of injuring
the tools.
The nut
is
revolving
its
when
When the vise is set up, the top can be planed true and level
with the working face of the bench, slightly rounding ofif the
corners. The 2-inch plank should be planed up true, and no work
done upon it which will break up the surface. Any rough work
should be done on a board placed on top of the bench.
The workbench is now complete. It is a convenient size, and
can be easily taken out through an ordinary door, and when it
comes to moving, there will be no necessity of leaving it behind,
or knocking
it
to pieces to get
it
When
None
joint.
HANDY MAN
12
but the one shown below is very powerful and cannot be drawn
from place. The detail drawing, Fig^. 14. shows its construction
wooden
set,
two ^-inch
72
The
joints of a
time, and
it
Fig.
that they
shown
in
may
l-'ig.
14 Solid
to
joint for
15
is
The
loose in
way
The construction
The frame
frame.
work
3-inch sticks.
to
is
sockets are
in
made deeper
sticks
of the
HAXUV MAN
permit of adjustment.
endwise
sticks
fitted
one of
into
WOKKSllOl'
hole
Ijored
is
13
horizontal
the
into
AMJ LABOKATOHV
A
is
bolt
is
screwed
into a nut
stick
the
stick
is
secured
so that
it
bolts can be
as to
drawn up very
make a
firm joint.
The
tightly, so
When
Fig.
15 A
be tightened
the
in
BENCH HOOK
2 by 9 inches in length.
\
Fig.
lines,
in Fig.
and
of the hook
vertical
be used.
16,
The saw
worn,
it
cut should be
When
one side
HANDY MAN
\V(JKKSHOP
AM) LAliORATUKV
much
practice.
skill
of
the
in
Fig.
17
is
desirable.
All that
is
is
a board
Fig.
17 Combination
i)laning
boards must
Ix' planed perfectly true, the working edge in parand a stop of some kind should be furnished at one end.
Sometimes it is necessary to plane a long miter e(\i:!;t: on a
board, in which case an ordinary shooting board, such as
ticular,
One arrangement
shown
in
which o
secured a board b,
A,
in
is
is
a length of
at an angle of
3 by 4-inch timber, to which is
45 degrees, by means of triangular blocks c, spaced about 2 feet
apart, commencing near the ends. One end of the shooting board
HANDY MAN
is
upon pegs
The board
of the bench.
to the board
At
and
whose edge
j or
/,
in the
same
which
k,
apron
clamped
in the
to be planed,
is
/"
board
is
a.
is
are
h,
h,
c,
I5
i,
in turn
is
hinged to a
By means
of blocks,
'45,
60,
and
to suit the
work
in
being
g, several
made
of various thicknesses,
hand.
/'
A CORNER CABINET
The
much
in use are
very
awkward
is
and
in
cabinet secured to
its
the cabinet.
factory at
little
tool cabinet
expense.
different
is
gen-
HANDY MAN
i6
Fig. iS
The corner
in Fig.
and closed
is
19,
more
i8.
Fi,u'.
easily
and detailed
The
I
I
J/
inch thick.
inches,
rounded, as shown at
(\
J9
HANDY MAN
I
WOKKSIIOl'
AND
rounded
at
i/>
17
The
Two
in position, flush
of the
)KY
off to a radius of
sides, B, are
LAi;OKA
fit
in Fig. 19.
when
Two
Fig.
blocks of wood,
2i--Rack for
chisels
closed, are
secured to the
bottom and underside of the top, 2 inches from the edges. These
are shown in Fig. 18, and at C and D^ in Fig. 19. If desired, the
top and bottom can be made 12 inches square, and finished off
with a cornice, as shown at D and D^.
The cabinet can be supported on a bracket,
made from a
piece
Two
shown
in the detail
made
flush,
on the outside, as
a.s
shown
The furnishing
of the cabinet
to a certain extent
on how many
is
it.
The saws
HANDY MAN
i8
and
inside.
handle
hung upon
and
as
shown
is all
in Fig, 21.
Either a plain
oil finish
Fig. 22
it.
or the natural
wood
A SHOULDER CHEST
jol)-, it is very necessary to have
box or chest in which to carry a few tools, cither
in the hand, on the shoulder, or on the back if a bicycle is used.
The writer is acquainted with a mechanic who took more interest
in making his shoulder chest than any other furnishings of his
.shop, claiming that it would l)c an advertisement of what he
could do if called u])on.
The chest is illustrated in Fig. 22, and detailed in I'ig. 2},. A
trunk strap was ])ut through tlie handles and tlirown over the
some
suitable
HANDY MAN
S WOKKSIKJI'
AND LA150KATOKY
shoulders,
19
chest should be
The
sides are to be
Fig. 23
that
when
match
The
all
the chest
is
marked out
in
such a
way
2;^,
HANDY MAX
20
The strips
is I inch deep, and the bottom i>4 inches.
wood from which they are cut are 7 feet 4 inches long. Allowance must be made for the saw cuts, both in the sides and the
strips.
The bottom is made from a plain board, 9 inches wide by
2 feet 9 inches long. The top is ?<< inch thick, loys inches wide,
top Strip
of
and 2
feet
the corners
Hinges and a
back, as
shown
in detail in
when carrying
first,
and then
inches deep, of ji
and
too far.
the chest.
to the
lid
fairly strong,
or 3/16-inch
stuff,
is
made
to
fit
the
chest.
it
is
often necessary to
make
sketches or accu-
24 '/j inches.
Soft ]Mne. free from knots and well seasoned, should be procured, and accurately planed and glued together along the joints.
Two
HANUV MAX
WUKKSIlUl'
AMJ LAIJORATOkV
21
in
Fig. 24
inch thick
same
it is
size.
Fig. 25 is drawn
The cupboard (see
]\Iake the
board
the cupboard
partitions,
from
and small
U
Fig.
25 Details
of the
drawing board
Fig. 26)
is
ment, and 3 feet in length. The shelves are 4>1 inches apart,
making the total height 16 inches. The small cupboard is 9>4
inches square inside.
It should be furnished with hinges and
IIANDV
22
lock.
tlie
MAX
WOKKSlIOl'
I.Ar.OUATOin'
either
])lain
to suit
which
finer
AND
to
grades of
all
in
lo keep
some kind
Fig. 26
tiie
cupboard
will.
rests,
and
to
which the
battens are connected, and also the brackets at the foot of the
with large .screws, the holes being a trifle large in the lAttens,
and the screws not driven all the way home. The cross-brace is
dovetailed into the supporting braces, as shown in l-'ig. 25. The
length of the battens and braces
is
end and
HANDY
JMAX
23
ends not more than 1^4 inches from the near edge of the wall
brackets, or the board will not close up properly when folded
against the wall, as
shown
end.
fit
2^
first
at
several
angles
are
the holes,
it.
two
of instruments
can be purchased
at a
when
set
T-square,
and a small
complete.
If
much
is
to
THE GRINDSTONE
The grindstone is
shown. The frame
way and
iij^j
The handles
piece of timber
are spaced 9 inches apart outside dimensions.
is
bolted
to
the
legs at each
deep
10
inches
thick
by
inches
lyl
The
end.
The
treadle rod
iron.
24
which
HANDY MAN
in turn rests
mechanics object to
that
it
washes
off all
ing process.
it.
ARTIFICIAL GRINDSTONE
grindstone made from one-half l)est Portlantl cement and
one-half
silica
sand
Fig. 27
place of
may
be used
Frame construction
in
common
for
grindstones
without scratching.
The
cost
is
it
grindstone.
HANDY MAN
S VVOKKSIKJI'
AM)
LAi;uKAT(JKY
(which
is
-3
usually available
gear as possible
(it
is
tire
removed.
^4
its
^4
inches, reaching
from
the floor to the top of the bench, should be provided, and these
Ta
Fig.
CIT
28 Dimeiisious
of the grinder
head
These
fit tightly on the nuts on the ends of the rear axle.
boards should be nailed to the floor on each side of the rear
a size to
mentioned.
the bench,
in a
its
support the head of the frame, so that the pedals will clear the
floor
by about 2 inches.
26
1IAXI)\
MAX
a block of
on
board by
to the top
nails or screws,
and of
sufficient hei^^ht to
which
is
the top of
tiie
Pig.
pulley.
even
The
this
spindle
may
and
tliis
bearing
should be
2'J
THE LATHE
shown
in Fig.
30
may
be built as
follows
The
legs.
They
in length.
between each
The
feet 3 inches
x 6-inch
foot 6
fit
pair.
lathe-bed, C,
7_^-inch lumber.
is
feet
2-inch-wide
slot
is
two
is
cut
lengths, joined
28
shown
in
machine.
section
is
should be turned
given marked
2, to
into a foot-power
correspond with the
plan, in
3/ or
at
bottom.
Fig. 32
shows the
Fig. 3o
tail-Stock,
so that
E.
when
The tongue
is
6 inches.
fit,
is
The running
set
\\\)
is
(^^A
The tongue
moved.
which
fit,
belt
is
2^/^
7^
inches.
The
HANDY MAN
WOKKSlIOl'
AND LABORATORY
29
a taper of about
c=
/
HANDY MAN
30
and thickness
screw
/,
inch, the
small plate c
is
is
an ordinary square-
Fig. 52
Details of head-stock
FTTq
K',-^-A
HANDY MAN
31
F,
bolt, L.
The rest, G, can be made
The pulley, H, has a 2-inch face, and is
is made of hard wood, and is secured to
is
3^
inches diameter.
the spindle,
It
K, described
plate, /, is
spindle,
when work
is
or
being
is
At
^-inch adjusting
screw, with the end brought
shown
to a
The
cone-shaped point.
plates,
if,
flush
with
wood
outside
face,
The
screws.
cor-
J^
made smooth.
The pulley H
is
surfaces
belted to a
make
Should
a
be desired to
it
foot-power lathe,
Fig- 34
The spindle
cured to the blocks B, and a crank shaft run through. The flywheel should be heavy, and a light guard should be placed around,
as it will have to be on the outside to come under the head-stock
H.
Almost any kind of wood will do for the general construction,
but yellow pine will be found serviceable, and give weight to the
pulley,
lathe,
otherwise
it
if
may
it
down
to
lathe.
HANDY MAX
32
The wheel can he procured from ahiiost any junk dealer. The
treadle is made from two i-inch hy 4-inch strips, hinged to the
back
stay,
and a distance
r\
f^
piece.
An
HANDY MAX
W^ORKSHOI'
AM)
I.AIKJKAIOKV
.U
When
it
is
work
wliich
wood
is
in the
Take two
Ioniser
accom-
strijjs
of
the
lathe bed across the ends of the side strips, so as to hold the end
firm,
and
in alinement.
Fig. 37
and
Extension
which
to])
poppet head,
of lathe bed
poppet head
in
Screw a piece of bar iron across the side strips at the front.
Bore a hole in the center of the bar for a bolt which should nm
through same and also through a similar iron strip beneath lathe
bed parallel with upper strip. This will clamp the front end of
side strips firmly to the bed. Also fasten another strip near the
end of the lathe bed and resting on bed to support the extension
and keep it in alinement with upper face of bed. A scries of
holes may be drilled through the side strips so that a bolt may
pass through same close to rear end of lathe bed which will
34
HANDY MAX
clamp the
construction makes
desired degree.
attachment.
it
The
draw out
possible to
The
the extension to
any
60
THE SCROLL-SAW
The following
of a scroll-saw
description
who
and judging by
:3
General side
Fig. 38
were
and
all
work on the
A
lathe
in
foregoing
39
to
from
page 27,
The other
saw.
ters,
is
article,
and
sections.
is
shown
illustrations,
The
in
Figs.
reference
let-
comi)licated.
sizes of
lumber
will be
given, there
is
no
II
reason
why
material as
It
AM)
l.Ai!ORATORY
may
35
will
The bottom
of timber and i-inch boards.
framework is 2 feet 6 inches wide and 8 feet in length over all.
The height from the floor to the top of the table, /, is 3 feet 7^/2
sections
different
inches.
list
where necessary:
Pieces.
In. In.
(A)
(D)
(C)
(I)
(B)
(P)
(G)
2
I
(Z)
2x3/3x2 7/
2X3/XO
2:s.2
XI
2x2
xo
X36 x3
1x9 x2
1x3 x5
(K)
(N)
(O)
(L)
(V)
(W)
The upright
made from
4>4
6>4
2x3^x3
2x3^x3
pieces as given in
XI
4>4
2x3/2x4
;....
4]^
(E)
(F)
(J)
x4
x3
x3
x2
(H)
X8
o
6
In.
2x3^x4
(Q)
(U)
(X)
3x4
2x6
2x6
2x6
2x6
2x6
Ft.
(T)
1x3
1x2
1X2
1x2
1x2
IX I/.
1/
X 4 10/
x5
X2
9
o
XI
xo 7/
XI
i-inch stuff.
IIANDV
36
When
level, the
out to out.
to the
same
MAX
WOKKSllOl'
saw frames
.1/
AND
aii'l
I.AncjKATOKV
A' are
^sV-^
inches ajiart,
^i&- 39
bolt,
-7--^
^Za/rJOifie.
IIANDV
All the uprii^hts
MAN
WOKKSIlOl'
AM)
I.AIHJRAK
)k\'
17
Fig. 41
sills
with
nails or screws.
will
make
construction.
Fig. 42
is
Vertical section
of the
any
diffictilty in
An
rim,
made
machine
HANUV
38
xMAN
sketch
is
filed
block
so a detail
given (Fig. 40). The hole at this end of the saw blade
open to form a hook. Details of the guides U and the
is
"^u^T^U,
'ciirecSzcn.
Fig. 43
o/ a,rro?r
A simple foot-brake
center
made
for the
42.
The hardwood
It is
])ulley A^ is
(\
in
Fig. 43.
HANDY MAN
simple brake,
the foot,
is
made from a
fit
3<J
by 4-inch timber,
and operated by
having been omitted in the gen^
piece of 3-inch
is
21
wood
The head is to be
and the bottom furnished
with a leather flap valve on the inside. The opening must of
course clear the arm A'' so also must the tube connection.
bellows are of sheepskin or soft leather.
/,
Fig. 44
of this scroll
saw
why
small gas or
belt.
oft'
When
oil
its
]',
is
of course
but there
is
with a
hung up.
A COMBINED SCROLL SAW, TOOL GRINDER, ROUTER, AND
DRILL PRESS
Perhaps many an amateur is looking around for something to
turn his lathe or to drive his emery wheel, or may be he is thinking of making a jig saw that will compare favorably with the
best
man
is
saw
that
one
UAXDV MAX
40
WORKSHOP
AXl) LAliORATORV
will strive to
have
it
much
better in
many
the market.
The
accf)mi)an\-in.!Lj illustrations
a practical machine
are intended to
and
show
it
just
will
how
enable
HANDY
him
MAiN
AM)
WUKKSllOl'
LAJ'.OKATCJKY
bring" into
to
4"
and forgotten
bicycle he stored
bicycle to be used,
the amateur
may have on
Fig. 46
carefully,
l)e
and
no trouble
saw
if
in
assembling them.
may
The mountings
which consist of a
accessories,
drill
cider
press C.
and the
The
is
the front
made
tool
saw with
its
like,
Scroll Sazv.
Fig. 46,
as well as the
may
first.
be added as shown
table,
To
in dottetl lines.
in
The
rear
hub
is
HANUV MAN
42
i,
2.
the crankshaft, 6.
It
FLV VV NfEC
16
l"ig.
47
wheels are removed, also the steering i)ost is taken out and the
saddle is turned end for end. To the flange of the rear hub, 7,
is
front hub, 4,
the
and
is
The
latter
a pitman, 14.
(,)nc
gear
13.
of
of the flanges of
HANDY MAN'
43
the front hub, 4, is cut off, and the gears 9 and 10 are sHpped
on and soldered fast to the barrel of the hub. The gear train
from the sprocket chain to the saw frame is shown in Fig. 48.
At the opposite end of crankshaft 6 is fastened a small flywheel,
It is
15, with a handle, 16; its purpose to be explained later.
now evident that when the operator works the pedals the crankshaft 18 will revolve and the saw-carrying arms, 13 and 13a,
owing to their connection therewith will be moved up and down.
The arms 13 and 13a are made of hard wood, such as maple or
hickory. They are fulcrumed at the rear end of the table and are
Fig. 48
saw
by a suitable
To the arms
are bolted small brackets, 21 (see Fig. 49), made of sheet steel
about ys inch thick, which have at their outer ends small halfround recesses, 22, made by a very blunt chisel on top of a piece
of hard endwood.
To
and on
is
-this
block
is
plate, 24. with projecting ends, 25. which fit into the recesses, 22,
of the brackets, 21, on which the arms 13 and 130 rock. In close
proximity to this plate is an iron rod passing through said arms
riveted at each end, with a leather washer between, which serves
44
I.Al'.ORATDRV
HANDY MAN
as a cushion
and allows
LAI'.ORATOKY
swing on
their fulcrum.
made
wrought iron
of
WORKSHOP AND
45
arms
to
is
is
saw blade so that the sawdust will be blown aw^ay from the line
or mark which the cut is to follow.
Now for ordinary work the operator is seated on the saddle,
and treads the pedals, having his hands free to manipulate the
work, but in case the w^ork should be so large that the operator
may stand at one side of the machine
and operate the saw with the hand by using the handle 16 on the
flywheel, while with the other hand he can guide the work under
the saw.
guide
suitable
may
for
straight work.
The
Tool Grinder.
26
Fig. 50)
to
wood
screws.
To
when
the
emery wheel
is
is
in use.
When the wheel is not in use the bolt 29 is withdrawn, allowing grinder to swing 'downward, as indicated by dotted lines in
Fig. 50. In this position it will not interfere with the free movement of the work on top of the table. The emery wheel is driven
by a small belt from the flywheel 15. The wheel should run
llANDV
46
about
I.CXDO
MAN
WOKKSllOl'
AND LABORATORY
Ijut
of course that
is
governed
drill-press
Fig. 50
Fig. 51
The drill-press
Fig. 47).
.\t
is
HANDY MAN
47
will
1 1
be removed.
Tt is
Fig. 52
may
be cut out.
suitable guide
Of
course a
lines at the
IIAXDV
48
may
MAN
is
when not
shown herewith.
in use.
SCROLL-SAW GUIDE
The
is
to enable
one
saw
plate about
oi an inch
In-
is
Two
hereafter explained.
may
slots
A
wide
strip of
is
feet
slot is cut
in
it,
extending
49
nearly
block
is
fastened.
To make
one of
its
is fitted
to
it
an;.!^le
witii
of the desired cut and so that the two opixjsite extremities of the
Fig. 54
Scroll-saw guide
board are clamped ^jetween the permanent block and the adjustable block. The guide plate is then clamped in position, its edge
parallel to the plane of the saw, at such a distance that
strip
is
when
the
will exactly
(^7
much
comes the
as a lathe,
drill-press.
still
cheap breast
drill.
drill-press
made by
its
jjrice
lielow
While
would
is
the
HANDY MAN
50
The
breast drill
(Fig. 55)
is
fastened to a block
of i-inch
This pole
runs through two guides CC, which
in
them
to
receive
is
from
split
fastened to
is
The
dowel to
for the
slide in is
The guides CC
keep the
is
made
The
drill true.
of
pine
face plate
block
ijj
inch
its
work
thick.
The
drill
is
held
down
to
drill
part by
MITER BOX
riji-
55
The
handy man's
drill-press
Beech, a strong and durable closegrained wood, should be used in making a miter box.
1-inch stufT, planed
Make
down
the
box of
to Js.
The
alx)ut
30 inches
in length.
HANDY MAN
WOKKSlIOl'
AM) LADdKAlORY
5I
One of the sides and the bottom are made of r)-inch wide
material, the other side being 7 inches wide, so that it will project
below the bottom of the box
inch, forming- a ridge to bear
i
The
saw
laid
positions
of
should
be
cuts
when sawing.
|
'^
CI
ately
in
and
them
when
first,
sawing
care must be
taken to keep the saw
__ro
and
vertical
The
lines.
Fig- 56
saw
cuts.
cp
05
nails at
broken
line, to
protect
it
A CARPENTER'S CLAMP
For holding work together while being glued or
nailed,
ODOOOOOOOO
00000c
c
52
)4
the
shown
Two
shown
in detail at /
and F.
at
As
Two
in the
pieces
H,
Ijy
up
tlie
coniiilete the
list.
and
sha])e.
are
in
a very
Fig.
5(S,
handy thing
to
have
in
the
workshop.
To make
enough
steel
just large
it
is
jxjssible to
lIAXm'
MAN
WORKSIIOI- .\\U
.AI!()1< A'lOin"
inch thick.
^/j
mark
which
tit
the best
with a small
file
cut
5.^
the
two faces
surface.
The two
pieces are
now
to
l)e
't
J
i
Fig. 58
following manner
Heat
i^
dcine
upon them, then cover each of the marked surfaces with soldering
Place the two pieces with the
Jleat
solder-covered faces together, and clamp them firmly.
again until the solder runs together, then allow them to cool
slowly.
Upon removing the clam]) you will find that the two
ijlocks of steel are firmly fastened together, making one solid
block.
Next
true
all
angles right
54
aiifi^les.
AND LAliOKATORY
steel
234 by
1J/2
by
The next thing is to drill and ta]) the holes for the screws.
These holes are located in the center of each clamp, that is,
3,4 inch from each of the broad faces and V4 inch from the front
face.
These holes must be drilled and tapped for a 5/16-inch
Drill the hole in the back of the clamp to hold the pin
screw.
B. This hole should be
inch in diameter, and located in the
middle of the top face of each clamp, 5/16 inch from the back
Drill to a depth of
edge.
.Separate the
them together
The
may
i-^/s
inches.
holding
melts.
oil.
In
])olish-
between the
l:;ack
The screws
The shape and
)
MAX
IIANDV
must
\\
OUKSIIOI-
AM)
l)c
I.
uutil
111 )|<
it
A'K
will
|R\'
fit
loosely into
in the
it
A QUICK CLAMP
is
The accompanyuig
shows a
which
illustration
quick
~^^1\
>7
clamp,
or
wood
of
the
for
carpenter's bench.
The piece B is
made L-shaped and
is
is
on
pivoted
point
The
FiR-
the
provided wath a
59 A quick clamp
piece
B.
screw
work under C
locks the
screwing releases
it
at once.
in a
22
the
described.
With
this
clamp
it
is
when changing
framework
is
turned around
IIAXDV
56
bodily.
It
can be
MAX
WORKSIKll'
moved from
it
is
of clamping
it
the width
let in flush
it.
it.
lii;bt,
or pin) recommends
pieces being
good
support.
its
LAI!ORAT( )RV
place to place, to a
or bench for
AM)
To
of light
wood;
i-)4
the 4 by f^-inch
by 33/2-inch
saw
sick-
split-
30'-
Fig. 60
ting
6'-^
down when
in,
a bolt
is
])ut
through
The
cut
broken
lines.
in the
the saw.
4-inch dee])
When
sldt. teeth
it
is
HANUV MAN
WOUKSIIOl'
hammer.
it
)KAT()KY
57
home with
a niallct ur
I.AIK
beini; driven
when
AM)
is
is
the facilities at
hand are
limited.
no
filing
Fig. 61
make
along one
may
side.
its
depth.
in
Then
sill,
saw
wedges
and the whole
place the
several small
be nailed to a step,
of
its
and drive
To
may
be
72
saw
rigidly
it
could be
58
II
ANDY MAX
Fig. 62
The saw
r^'K-
^3
vise attached to a
Cross-section
window frame
HANDY MAN
In-
59
i-incli
The
were faced
witii
countersunk-head stove
the
flat
bolts.
iron
Two
l)y
means of
iron
latter
a couple of
would have done as well. These made the two jaws of the
and they were placed across brackets in front of window,
with a wooden strip between the mside jaw and the studding to
iron
vise,
file thrust.
On the inner side of each bracket a lever of
i>4-inch square hardwood was pivoted, with the upper end bear-
take the
Fig. 64
mounted on
bolts
in
Two
circles of
wood were
cut
and
cams
center,
ofi"
so
lower ends
of the lever and force the upper ends firmly against outer jaw,
thus clamping the saw firmly in place. A handle was secured
to each cam, with which to tighten and release the vise. 61
2^-^
or 3-incli
6o
IIAXDV
MAX
nicnt.
a foot
3 by i-inch
rest.
strip at the
Though
it will be found
by observation that few mechanics have a perfectly-built trestle.
The length should be twice the height. The 3 by 4 piece should
be on edge, and it should bear squarely upon the end boards, which
at first
to,
with screws or
nails.
The
V^U
tgiE
I"'iK-
two
65 A
well-built trestle
directions
scale views,
need be exyjericnccd
I'"or
The notches
shown
in
larger
A ROLLER JACK
moving heavy timber and other uses, a
be
HANDY MAN
found very handy.
It
is
made
1>e
The bottom
face of
the
Fig. 66
6i
plane, in other
words
lie> llat
on the
The general dimensions are given in Fig. 66. The ^y2 by 2inch braces should be connected to the side pieces with mortise
and tenon
joints,
and secured
in
j^lace
62
11
wear
the sides a
little
on.
j/l
inch in diameter.
A STEAM BOX
It is
sometimes necessary
Fig- 67
to
Long or
The
size of the
box
will naturally
to be operated upon.
Boxes
all
the
way
class of
work
to 35 feet in length
by
have been made for bending planks in boat buildFor ordinary work, however, a box 10 to 12 inches square
3 feet square
ing.
l)y
The box
nails,
is
made
and the other either furnished with a hinged lid and two side
catches, or left open entirely. When the latter scheme is resorted
to, cither an old piece of carpet, burlap, or hay can be used to close
up the end. Even wIk'ii the hinged lid is used, it is well to use
HANDY MAN
a
piece
of
burlap
as
WOKKSIIOP AM)
indicated.
An
which
made
lid,
is
I.
Al!(
IKATOKV
am])lo-sized
to
fit
(iJ,
jxit
the openintj
fur-
is
ti.t;lnly.
hole is cut in the lid of the kettle, and the bottom of the steam
box, with a compass saw, large enough to take a piece of ])ipe
i^ to 2 inches in diameter.
to prevent the
the ground.
The
kettle
is
fire.
The wooden
In-
lid
means
is
fur-
7^
Fig. 68
funnel
is
not used.
Handy planing
The box
is
dog
When away
to plane a stick
which
same
bevel.
Drive a
till
it
])ro-
edges of the piece, and then bend the head of the nail down Husli
Xail
with the stick. This last bend prevents the nail turning.
this piece to a step, sill, or floor, rest the end of the piece to be
planed against the nail point, which acts precisely like a bench dog,
held.
^2
CHAPTER
II.
SHOP KINKS
THE CLOTHESPIN ON THE HANDY MANS WORKBENCH
Even
to use
in
the
I'ig. 71
Fig. 70
])inion.
pin and
A
is
clothespin
Clothesi)in clamp
])cncil
may
in
is
place by a setscrew.
One
side of the
clothespins
slightly llatleiicd
clamped
.size
make very
gofjd
clamj^s
to
hold
small
work
to-
IIANDV
MAX
WORKSIlOl'
thumbscrews, as shown
By
number
fitting a
etc.
made.
The ends
of clothespins in a
file
14
A SIMPLE
^5
in Fig. 70.
AM) LAItOKATORY
wooden block
as in
The handle
is
in
needed.
Fig. 72
is
place by
means of screws
at
the points
is
posi-
is
held in place by a
stiiif
wire
or other rod which passes through the tubing and the openings
in the brackets,
tendmg
to
add
to the
The ends
of the
shown most
55
is
66
IIAXDV
MAN
holding the paper the writer has often used a simple holder for
work with
different kinds of
satisfactory
results.
The holder
and
Fig.
allowing a
it
liberal
73 Convenient holder
margin
end
pull
Kmery
it
down
until
to
l-'ig.
a])j)ly
may
fit
slot
fits
l-'old
the paper so
it
to
for sandpaper
when
same way
it
is
like.
be used.
91
HANDY
^rA^ S
workshop and
HOW TO
it is
an easy matter to
wood with
FILE
file tlie
I.Ar.CJRATORY
T)-
ROUND WORK
ends of round rods
is
if
pii^ee
of
and the rod revolved toward you as the file is run over
will make a steady, smooth cut, and will not chatter
if the notch is of the ris^ht dei)th.
This simple trick seems to he
but little known. Usually the mechanic tries to rest the rod he
is filing between the partly open jaws of the vise, but this makes
in tlie cut,
The
it.
file
Fig. 74
How to
file
round work
mar
the work.
is
quite sure to
82
VISE FOR POLISHED PIPE
very good
surface
roll
is
way
have a polished
on heavy paper and
plenty of the plaster between the paper and the pipe or rod.
wood having
is
Place
If
68
Fig. 75
method
is
plaster,
and use a
between
])ieces of
a clamp.
82
Another
DIE
break off and must be cut without the aid of a screw-cutting die.
This can be accom])lished very easily with the aid of an ordinary
half-round
file
and a
little
patience.
little
make two
If the pipe
is
long,
it
it
steady.
will
be better to
Now
into this
groove place a pipe with thread same as wanted, and on one side
of the block drive a nail.
HANDY MAN
WORKSHOP AND
LAI'.ORATORV
against
file
that
this
forms
it
69
and
nail
the
>anic
sec
angle
Then
drive
in
another nail on
the
it
will
Now
file.
block, so
tJie
touch the
side of
flat
while
the
is
stroke
pipe
Fig, 76
Thread cutting
without
HOW TO WIND
turning
should be
on the forward
to say,
of
in
the
the
file
opposite
turn
the
direction,
nmch
thereby insuring a
thread.
a die
pi])e
rocked
That
keep
filing
The
pipe.
better
between
the
The
coils.
ac-
apart,
projects
of the guide.
As
the wire
it
is
is
crossed
^.
Fig. 77
How to
it
,.
^ a ,,
^,i
spaced
wind
coil spring
MAX
llAXDV
70
guide, in the
manner shown,
As
so that
it
the arbor
is
is
automatically fed along the arbor, and the coils of the spring are
uniformly spaced
b}-
51
drill
rod,
Clamp
be-
it
of
the
grain
of
7S A simple method
making a coiled spring
Fig.
for
monkey wrench
fitted
flattened
the
means
on the
The
it
2()
the writer
spring in a machine.
the
It
was
had to
hau.>tL-d.
called
l)e
1 he supply of springs
was ex-
was found a
was
3/2
was
ij/j
by
end of
the screw, then putting the screw through the hole in the steel,
wdiich
was held
in
was
easily
wound.
bM(]\-.
])iece
illus-
IIAXDY
to
inch,
J/,
MAN
the hole at
tlic
a crank handle.
Fig- 79
An
assorted lot of lag screws serves for the open springs, and
rods are used for the close springs and springs of oval or odd
shapes.
14
1/16 to 3/8 inch in diameter, all one needs is a bench or blackdrill, with a three-jawed chuck.
Clamp the rod to be
threaded in the chuck of the drill. Place the die in the holder
smith's
drill
HOW TO MAKE
When
at
slow speed.
AID OF A
the nut and screw in the handy man's hand vise are
worn
First
file
the spindle, as
and
shown
b,
in
Then
them to
wind these iron bars
Fig. 80.
Now
possible.
Under
the bar
/;
place
JJ
between the spindle and the bar. thereby raising bar b above bar a. As the bar b is to form the thread
a small wire
c,
and wind
Fig. So
it
-6
cc
Fig. Si
The two
I'ig.
82
The
finished spindle
HANDV MAN
in the nut,
it
S \V(n<KS1101'
fitting,
LAl!OUAT()KY
for
When
wound around
AND
to be attached to
is
it
72>
is
the
to
Now
Fig. 83
obtained
touches
all
all
file
off all
good bearing
is
marked
Now
it
in tightly
in
with a hammer.
Then unscrew
the
will
it
be found that bar h has stuck to the inside of the hollow cylinder,
as in Fig. 83.
may
be put
in the
now
spelter.
The
it
is
IIAXDV
74
MAX
illustration represents
an improvised pipe
It
may
fit
the largest or
shown
is
in the illustration,
is
The
loose
ends of the rope are held tight with one hand, while the short
Fig. 84
Fig- 85
for a pipe
is
Now
and
])ipe
it
much
wrench
the tighter the
hug
the pipe,
pressure on the
although this will depend largely upon the strength of the rope.
be screwed home.
little
When working
may
on polished
resin
HANDY MAN
75
Fig. 86
little
by
little.
An
held in an ordin-
are used to hold the pipe and these in turn are held between the
Fig.
86 An improvised
pipe vise
in
an emergency.
HANDY MAX
76
Take a
in
it
piece of pipe
WORKSHOP AX LABORATORY
of the required size and bore a hole
at right angles.
Take a round
size as the
piece of iron or
brass the same size as the hole B, and cut threads on one end.
File
it
to a flat
wrench as
at E.
both sides.
87 An emergency
Fig.
pipe valve
emergency, and
will
When
boiler
the
boiler
he gets busy.
maker
gets
Quickly converting
and then he
is
In
making
llie
hammer,
etc.,
l)ag he places
up and
lays
it
HANDY MAN
//
on the
Fig. 88
and
ties
bag
These, of course, come against the outside of the overalls, leaving the side that comes next to the garments as clean as ever.
(i
den
York without
sviccess.
having the
left
at their ends.
None
sutl-
New
made
end and bent into a ring at the other opened the moment a load
was applied. Those with a swivel at one end were not better,
for in every case the riveted neck of the swivel pulled out.
As small left-hand
Finallv the buckles were made at home.
HANDY MAX
78
WORKSIIUl'
AND LAIiORATORV
to be obtained,
The
inch thick.
five cents.
The material was cut into required lengths and each piece B
was counterbored with a ^-^-inch drill to slip over the end of ,-^.
The head of the nail C was filed to fit the counterbore. and after
inserting it in B, its end was flattened and a hole drilled as shown.
B was then riveted to A at D, using a 5/32-inch wire nail. The
other end of .-J. was tapped for the right-hand bolt f. the end of
liRiiii
Fig. 89
was
drilled
like
tlie
nail
C.
5,32-inch
minutes each.
entirely
by hand,
in
nine hours, or
52
Most universal
ferent parts.
joints
One which
at least a
dozen
dif-
tlie
shafts or feather
The
l"~ig.
liy
yo,
some of
the
standard
makers, and which has given every satisfaction for the rough
it was intended, has but two jaws, two pins,
and one washer or distance ])iece, shown in i)lan and elevation on
the right.
IIANDV
It
WORKSllOl'
AND LAliOKATORV
will be noticed,
two
same
that the
in
MAN
the
pins,
Fig. 91
8o
more
shown in
Still
the
number
Fig. 91.
it
seemed
successful.
Fig.
92 The
on a
flat
The
in
surface.
much
])in
with a round
Fig.
HANDY MAN
the square body.
The
is
the
same
8i
in
diameter
There
is
is
it
of the pin.
fit,
to enable
fitted
into a collar or
a square tight
to revolve
fit,
and the
Fig- 93
The
illustrates a self-locking
ofif
in either direction.
double
On
one
of the pieces the tenons are chamfered at the inside while the
grooves on the other piece are formed with a correspondingly
this is the
may
18
be
moved out
of
engagement with
82
II
ANDY MAN
When
dig
it
IN
SOFT METAL
out in the usual manner, and. whether the thread in the hole
is
be quite easily
tap.
fitted,
the following
in
enough of
Harden
tlie
larger can
tritle
manner:
Leave
just
heating
Improvised
water.
tap
plate over
it
inch thick.
14
of a nail
do the job
is
deemed
is
yet
it
may
more
It
v.
\ear or
know how.
"Why?"
he asked, in surprise.
wood
it
is
"when you
apt to rebound a
trifle,
the
fibers
if
you
witli
will,
with as
several
light
blows."
One
it
little
conception
an expert
IIAXDV .MAX
WOKKSlKJl'
much
it
is
often
made
to
draw
AXD
LAI!()RAT()KV
as one
the parts
driven
ill
place.
intcj
83
If
whik-,
you have
down
Fig. 95
nail
it;
much
force
is
effect.
draw
he points the
If the
board
is
one below
downward.
same
nails
would
if
in place
much more
HA^"1)^
84
MAX
Did you ever notice that, in drivins^ a n^il in very hard wood,
man will do it successfully, while another succeeds only in
doubling the nail up before the point has fairly entered the wood ?
one
The
difference lies in the fact that the exi)ert strikes the nail
fairly,
It
it
in
may
This
is
it
usually profitabl-e
to dip the
end into
fere .with
materially facilitate
it
will
very
hold
its
best,
it
taps of the
contact
its drivin-;!.
Fig. 96
pieces
or grease.
oil
hammer
is
few well-judged
it,
on
in
horseshoe
which
it
is
You have
is
governed, not
doubtless noticed
chisel point,
is
made
to
how
swerve and
HANDY MAN
to
come out of
may
it
made
reacUly be
may
^5
to take
be attained by
bending the point slightly with the claws of the hammer. The
photograph, Fig. 95, shows how two boards may be secured, cdf^c
to edge, by nails bent in this way.
In driving a clinch
nail, there is
down onto
is
some
same operation.
It will
be noted that
At
holding capacity.
first
room
skill.
is
it
of
much
of
its
driven through the wood, and had the points bent over after-
The one on
head.
which
straighten easily
Vv'ill
bent over a
By
down.
into the
the left
at
trifle
was
like,
it
the
hammered
first
firmly
30
narrow
strip of
encountered
the
venting
wood from
the
of
difficulty
which
will invariably
a hole
is
pre-
splitting,
occur unless
suffi-
ciently clamped.
Fig. 97
overcome
readily
shows a
nail
this difficulty.
seen,
the
point
prepared
to
As can be
of
nail
is
97 A chisel point
prevents wood from
Fig.
width of the
nail.
splitting
is
nail
assured.
across the
56
HAXDV MAX
86
AM)
A I'.OKAI KV
(
of
mak-
is
illus-
ing'
ar
trated
Take a soft
wire, and wind it
herewith.
piece of coj^jier
part.
wood screws
This
will save
plugging or
60
WEATHERBOARD GAGE
It
is
fit
up
against the corner strips of a frame house, to use the long square
or carpenter's rule.
of the weatherboard, or
Fig. 99
Gage
for cutting
it
weatherboards
from a
])iece
the piece
is
little
6^2 or 7 inches
in
or apron ]xjcket.
The notch
in
MAN
1IAM)\'
The weatherboard
up
set
tirni af^ainst
is
WOKKSIlor A X
>
I.A l!()K A
)K^
87
shown being
same row, the other end
The gage is sli])ped (jver
strips.
end of the board, and held firmly against the inside face of
this
board as
is
it
little
is
drawn
The saw cut
quickly
across the
is
made a
paint or repair
a ladder
of
is
happened
very
re-
the fol-
was
me-
scheme
by a
lowing
in
other
or
when
adopted
is
Such a case
building.
cently,
supported
to be
shed,
work which
A, was
from the
ladder.
supported
plate,
do
Two
hook.
painter's
hooks would
The
just as well.
B, was about 8
plate,
or
10
and
wide
inches
feet
long
before
bent.
The
inches
being
grip
on
inches.
The
ond or working
sec-
lad-
Fig. 100
roof
HAXDV MAX
88
to
accommodate
The
in
distance apart of
bolts,
pensed with.
When
it
is
not always
may
It
one-man
be
also
job. in
which case
would
be
anyway.
The
ance
inconvenient
following
has
been
contriv-
used
every satisfaction.
with
In Fig.
use.
ladder,
simple support for a
light scaffoUl
end
shown.
not
.
of
plate
One
is
cut
as
HAN'DV
shown
fit
MAN
89
Two
The
holes are
made
in
the
furnished with hooks, to reach the round of the ladder above the
level of the platform.
Fig. 102
any ceiling
is
customary
to cut
one only
at a time.
The
tool can be
made
of wood,
MAX
IIAXDV
90
the perpendicular edge of the paper, while one of the other sides
is adjusted to suit the angle of the stairway or slanting
of the tool
when
ceiling,
nently
set.
uj).
An
a piece of ordinary
i.
made from
hose, splitting
fire
e.,
two
belts
it
up
the
can be made
this
fect satisfaction.
When
depth,
it
is
some means
which the
marking
for
The
bit
accompanying engraving
attachment for
this
illustrates a
purpose.
It
very simple
of a
consists
top end.
Wind
auger as shown.
When
The gage
will
be adjustable.
at the
33
103 Gage
for augers
may
be fitted to
it
Take a
tapered
to
fit
two inches
the
be held.
and
to
File slot
t!ie
center
in
of
long.
side
the
vpp:^
^:^
Fig. 104
HANDY MAX
WOKKSllOl'
AM) LAKOKATDRV
91
is
flat at
will
j)roject
beyond the
this
drilled hole
When
of
Fig. 105
simple
drill
clearance
Just touch the fluted part lightly on the emery wheel, bringing
back a nice cutting edge and leaving the swedged corner proThe writer has used this little wrinkle for a
jecting a little.
number of years, and masters those stubborn pieces with ease.
In
follows
was
piece of 3/16-inch square brass wire about
The opposite end was
slit at one end with a hack saw, as at 2.
About >4 inch from this end a round
filed to a blunt point 3.
section 4 was filed.
From a piece of sheet brass a swivel 5 and
the slide 6 were formed.
The swivel was made with a socket 7
10 inches long
IIA.NDV
92
MAN
S \\\)KKSIIOP
AND
Notches 8 were
l.Al:()KAT{ )KV
filed to
fit
on
tion.
loosely
the
as shown.
Q&-.
Fig.
io6 Driver
large washer
the hole
is
makes a good
Fig.
shank of the
while the
drill
or
107 A guide
bit,
bit stock is
and then
show whether
if it
being operated
feeds forward or
it
backward
KANDV MAX
tipped
S \V( )KKSI1(
upward or dovviuvard,
)|'
When
respectively.
93
the bit
is
held
horizontal, the
true.
DRILLING HOLES
Recently a
man came
IN
MARBLES
to
a piece of soft
steel
Figs. 108
way
the
2x3x1
and 109
was made
in
Then with
one side as
a countersink a
illustrated.
Two
tapped
On
made from
the spring
HANDY MAX
94
WoKKSIIOl'
AND LAliOKATORV
if steel is
^ X }i
about
and cut
inch,
"
?S7
Fig.
holes
off
10
CST"^
Handy tap
wrench
Tap
file
round-head screws of
should be rounded
inch length.
for convenient
handling.
It
often
made
in this
Any
way.
size
from the
91
AN EMERGENCY REAMER
happens, when there is a very important
piece of
work
reamer of the
size
I'ig.
I'ig.
HI Emergency
reanR-r
HOW TO
lIAXnv .MAX
pipe and the end
is
WOKKSIIOl'
AM)
A I'.OW
K lin'
'J
serrated,
half-round or three-cornered
the drill
is
tapped
liijhtly
Fig.
is
easily
tools in the
of the
will
HANDY MAN
96
The body
is
The base
and both
sides
^4
is
st)
'TTZ^A
I<^////////////
|\lr
I"ig.
114
position
The
body
tlius
by passing
them
shown
in
facilitates
the
The
removal of the
scribers.
Tt will
MAX
IIAXDV
97
It
is wider than most of those of the so-called universal type.
can be used as either a height or depth gage, giving two measurements in each case, or for height and depth at the same
time.
It
an
also
is
mortise
adjustable
outside
or
inside
as
and
calipers,
hundred
for
pur-
other
suggest themselves to
workers
in
wood and
metal68
GRINDER AND HOLD
FOR SMALL TOOLS
The
writer
cently
was
re-
need of a
handle
tool
in
hollow
was
unable
one,
although
are
many
find
there
kinds
on
tool-holders
market.
find
to
of
the
The
effort to
small
grinder
was
vain.
The
Figs. 115
fol-
how
the tools were made with an outlay of but 50 cents and a little
labor.
In a pawn shop a hand drill was found with a chuck of
lowing explains
98
LABORA'n)RY
The grinder
is
it
drill,
and the
etc.,
like.
14
IN
SPRINGS, ETC.
in side
Punch
\
at
and
respect-
3.
v^.
Sayy Tfer/"
fs
s^cutrv vvti
ofWAeel.
^^
Fig. 117
ively, is
preferable, as
at present
it
using one
made
it
is
made.
The
writer
is
some
liA.NDV
3 inches
punched)
cut
which
lon_q;,
lias
drilled throutih
down with
a hack
a hole
(the
same
it
saw as
99
After
drilling- the
be
hole
is at
right
angles to the saw kerf. For a punch use the broken shank of a
twist drill of the same size as the hole. This makes a very efficient punch,
grinding
it
manner shown
at
slightly hollowed,
One
edges of hole.
make
can easily
application of a
large hole
drilling.
The
may
tool
is
IN
is
It is
The
effective. 25
METAL
made
is
It
It
is
in
Soldering acid
muriatic acid.
then saturated.
is
Put
made
in zinc
hammer
to
lOO
make
HANDY MAX
WDRKSHOI' AND
The writer
Fig.
18
cut
r.AT'.ORATORY
had
much
not
metal
is
easily
a ratchet drill
tlian will
thickness
if
of
to be cut through.
device
little
made
to accurately
of
centers
disks,
and
if
care-
will enable
in
round bars,
fact any ob-
Fig.
r^
119 Device
Jfor c
nndnig
centers
f
of round
4.
work
piece
of
brass
rod
'
one
determine the
^/i6-inch
^'
square
about
inches
HANDY MAN
long
LAI!OKAT(jRY
lOI
is
and
AND
WOKKSlIOl'
1/16
inch thick
strij)
soldered
is
XV
to
the
ends
make a mark
of
the
legs.
Another brass
strip B of same size as A is soldered in place as shown, being
careful to have edge C exactly on the line b and over the angle D.
Simply place it on
Fig.- 119 shows method of using the device.
the end of the bar or shaft make a mark with a scratch awl
give a quarter turn, and make another mark. The intersection of
86
the lines will give the exact center.
Equidistant between points
b.
I'ig.
120
circle
tlie
rt
presents a
which
The corner
desired to find.
is
a square
is
of
circumference.
Tlie
])()ints
./
and
Draw
a line from
the square a
.\ow
to B.
shift
as represented by
little,
any
on
ner
intersections
nect
other
mark
point
then
the
con-
7^'
AB
of
quired center.
It
is
necessarily
the
Fig.
center,
the
for
it
is
the
two diameters.
intersection
of
74
HOW TO SUPPORT
A SHAFT
WHEN
BABBITTING
This
is
entire satisfaction.
Drill
two
side
may
in
is
lined up.
HANDY MAX
I02
may
it
babl)ilt,
forming an
and
warm and
replaced while
insuring a perfect
Fig. 121
How
line-uj).
uneven
The
surface.
shaft
may
be
to support a shaft
Fig. 122
pot as a metal
pot and ladle
Old glue
when babbitting
left in if
warmed
from being
may
be
may
be
44
made by taking
is
needt-d
very
difficult to get at
handle which
may
metal.
To
wooden
i)lug in the
])reserve
with an ordinary
])ot,
ladle.
The
pipe forms a
])i]K^.
?<2
11
ANDY MAN
A
Get a
commou
103
HOME-MADE MICROMETER
iron or brass
IkjIi
about
'4
of an inch in diam-
eter
and about
and
l)oh.
be used.
about
their
23.4
narrower faces
of
wood with
scjuare corners
Fig.
let
Now
its
hole will
be continuous with the hole in the w^ood, then glue the blocks
it
shaped somewhat
HANDY MAN
104
is
The base
it
put
complete.
central section of
be
made
scale.
The
number
object.
may
be
made with
this
it
loi
is
the naturally
steel plate.
wood an
ened.
The dowel
raised
p>ortion
leaving
rig.
124 An
iinjiroved
dowel plate
or
and
required,
enough metal on
HANDV MAN
mit of
its
smooth the
lip,
After
interior.
then complete.
through the
it
to
make
it
down
a twist
drill
of a standard
is
Run
10=;
through
and
size,
edges of the
lip until
to a suitable block of
The
drill.
hard
plate
25
How
to
wooden
zle
the amateur
methods,
ple after
True,
there
are
but
truo
puzthis,
like
cal
turn
ball is apt to
all
very "sim-
demand
sufficient
is
now
by auto-
turned
much
machinery,
matic
more
is
cheaply
than
they
is
pleasing
Fig.
ball
own
its
If
sake.
face
])latc,
no
other
The
is
necessary.
block
is
first
placed
Fig.
126 Ready
sawed
ofi^.
wood
of
"^-^t
piece of hard
sufficient
size
is
HANDY MAX
io6
plate
and
ttirned
into
a ctip-shaped chtick. as
in
I-'icr.
pressed
into
shown
chuck
shown, together
The bJank
125.
Fig.
in
is
is
next
ehuck,
this
126.
as
the
If
in
way,
it
trouble.
mon
less
will
stay
Then,
scraping
127
l-'iij.
is
mark
well to
The blank
reversed,
may
work
In order
see better
is
how
pix)gressing,
it
Fig. 127
lead pencil.
the
one
is
marks of
which this one
right angles.
at
that
blank
to the
commaking a
the
cut,
worked down
without
tising a
and
chisel
go
than half
little
is
next
and
the
shows
If special
accuracy
required,
it
may
be well to reoperation
the
peat
times
.several
is
is
and
it
always advisable to
start
so that
back
trued
enough,
thick
block
it
and
u])
may
be cut
the
hole
ceeding o])eration. In
sandpapering,
if
the hole
is
The
finished ball
30
CHAPTER
III.
object of solderinj^
to unite
is
two portions of
the
same
As
when
melted, and
known by
name
the
of
of the solder used, the degree of strength required for the joint
by
filing,
Tha
edges
To remove
of soldering,
are
employed.
These
and applied
to the joint,
Soft solders,
also called tin solders or white solders, consist of soft, readily fusible metals or alloys, and do not .possess much strength they are
:
I08
tin
made
tin).
The
addition of
Soft
solders are used for soldering easily fusible metals such as Britannia metal,
etc.,
To
prepare solder,
To
from oxidation as
free
used
is
possible,
when
required for
tinned over.
The
zinc, alone or
neutral soldering
licjuid
com-
can be pre-
pared by mixing 27 parts neutral zinc chloride, 1 parts sal-ammoniac and 62 parts water, or
part sugar of milk, i part glycerine, and 8 parts water.
1
it
bering added.
added
to the mixture.
>tarch
paste.
Soldering
salt
]jarts
r>orax
for use,
is
from
i
iron,
When
water.
is
it
HANDY MAN
]")aste
with water,
it
WORKSHOP AM)
solderinji^
is
seam
IO9
LAliORAT()K^'
i.
e.,
borax from which the water of crystallization has been driven out
by
heat, as
it
glassy mixture
only
for the
same purpose
as soldering fluid, as
amalgam employed
it
as solder.
use.
SOLDERING APPARATUS
The
is
prepared by
it
with an
it
is
no
JIA.NUV
MAX
Soft solders are fused with a copper or blow-pipe after the application of the appropriate flux.
While the work and the solder fluid are still hot, any surplus
may be nicely removed with a moist brush. A mat-joint may
be made between closely-fitting surfaces by placing a piece of tinfoil between the parts, and fusing in a plain or blow-pipe flame.
For small work spelter and silver solders are fused by means
of the blow-pipe the work being laid upon a charcoal or piece
of pumice-stone. It is often desirable to flank the work with an
fluid
Fig. 129
to
Anchoring work to be
soldered
If the
work
or rivet
it
is
Fig.
it
it,
inconvenient to clasp
may
be kept
in place
of the
it
is
desired
manner.
Take
in the
following
parts
oi
plaster-of- Paris
and
fine,
sharp sand
HANDY MAX
WOKKSIIOl'
AM)
I.AI'.OKAK
)K
Fig. 131
where
joints
way
is
it
Soldering flame
possible,
well brushed
piece of borax
until
it
hair
pencil.
this
into the
convenient
common
dipped into the borax paste and put on the joints of the work.
When
common
the job
is
fire until it
it
may
be placed
in a
when
will
it
little
it is
HANDY MAX
112
When
jet of air
metal.
The
rationale of this
flame there
is
intensely heated
is
anything oxidizable
oxygen
in condition to unite
with
strong
affinity for
at
to a metal-
lic state.
From
this
proper point
just
it
is
another thing to do
for the
made
most
quite
part, be
pump
or bellows, receiving
principally
tyro
his
lips
mouth
is
it.
close
it
its
contents
its
air
through the
tightly,
pendently of his lungs, force air into his mouth until his cheeks
are distended to their fullest extent.
the
all
blow-pipe
is
in
learned
the
for
it
is
now
only necessary to
the
action
of
MAX
IIAXDV
when
the tongue,
wiU
it
be maintained without
Let
not at pleasure.
WORKSHOP AND
])q
found
difficult}-,
it
Tom'
a continuous
tliat
and
I.A 1!()KA
tlie
hmg;s
may
'
Ijlast
1.^
may
be used or
This
is
not
advisable.
who
In
view of
this,
out
for
shown
Fig.
in
gested.
It
132
is
consists
sug-
essen-
gasometer of
small dimensions, having a
a
tially
in
small
pipe
reaches
wdiich
There
shown
is
in
and
nipple.
in
132.
which
the
top
and retained by
springs.
weight
is
requisite
pressure.
A
in
Fig. 132
or, if the
apparatus
is
passes
IIAXDV
114
MAX
WOKKSIKJl'
AND LABORATORY
fitting into a
lower ves-
is
regulated
means
l)y
of a cock.
hlow-pipe
of
peculiar
shown
construction,
Fig.
in
\},}^,
recommend
soldering,
for
it
This blow-pipe
in
is
of
modification
compound blow-pipe.
which
pipe
by means
attached
is
fact a
annuilar
the
of a pivoted connection to a
standard
is
turned
angled elbow
tremity,
sleeve,
I'ig- '33
outer ex-
contracted
The
Blow-pipe
a right-
in
at its
slide
at
is
outer
its
end.
provided with a
amount
])oint.
This slide
in line, so that
when
the nozzle
the position
shown
is
moved
and when
fit
in
the
sleeve tightly.
The
l)all
and
down
the tube
])assage.
for
all
purposes
of gas around
incli
in
breadth.
1/48 inch.
is
the
air-nozzle
Gas
is
sup-
HA^'n^
When
the part:-
supply
g'as
max
3 inches or
in
in
wokksikh' .wd
i.aiuir atory
115
llic
and
air
])ro])c'r
more
length
is
prodticed.
l)ack
is
pro-
Fig.
whatever.
The weight on
may
the gasometer
be
the gasometer
filled
may
be reduced, when
oxyhydrogen
enjoy
all
light,
brilliant
the benefits of an
jet,
pipe.
An
Work
that
is
already noticed
Even
blast.
is
a matter of
no small moment.
means
may be done in a
common fire of coal
charcoal or coke
or
wood may
fire
with a
often be
made
wash of
The
in a
vitrified flux
may
few moments
for a
copper vessel.
in dilute
sulphuric acid.
This
is
best done
37
The accompanying
That
it
is
may
can be
to say,
it
made
in the shop,
moved about
in different places.
or
it
IIAXDV
ii6
The heater
ordinary pipe
MAN
mounted on a
is
fittings.
tee
is
suitable
base and
made up
of
where the connection for the rubber hose is made. To the upper
end of the standard a tee is fitted, to one side of which the
heater is connected, and to the other an ordinary Bunsen burner.
On
is
at their outer
Fig. 134
these stopcocks
rows of
is
j/^-inch holes.
may
is
obtained.
The stand or
rest consists of a
suitable base,
Into this
pi])o
slides
another,
To
into
its
somewhat
smaller,
cap
secured a
this
is
which
is
upper end.
to
flat
which
is
piece of
MANS
IIANUV
WOUKSHOl' AM)
It
I.Al'.OUA TOKN'
II7
now
and lowering this inside tube, it can be held at any suital)le disAfter the heater is
tance from the heater by the set-screw.
lighted, it will only take a few minutes to heat the iron, as the
flames burn directly under and the entire length of the same.
The Bunsen burner is used for heating large and solid pieces
to be soldered.
HINTS ON SOLDERING
Do
1.
made
not buy small and cheap soldering irons, as they are not
(^et
an ordinary
kept
so, as
3.
tempt to solder
Never
4.
burns
is
made.
ofif.
Always clean
5.
the
surfaces
to
be soldered,
and put on
flux.
6.
a certain'
9.
amount
will
adhere thereto.
first
be
filed
Always remember
will stick to
The
same very
readily.
The
flux used
may
Il8
one
relial)lc
follows:
tliat
writer
tlie
AND
WdRKSllOl'
IIANI)\- .man's
lia>
I.Al'.ORATORV
many
used for
years
is
made
as
is
will
liable to
is ])ul in.
break the
Then
dissolve.
jar.
let
it
zinc.
in
The
the
Then
done as follows:
and rub
bar,
was clean
iron
is
the iron.
the
to
solder
will
all
it
The
ofi.
iron
it
to be retinned.
is
The
solder
is
picked up
b}-
the iron
move
will be horizontal.
Re-
good way
little
more
off.
the iron is hot enough for solderand i)lace it about two inches from
In this manner the amateur will soon be able to tell
the face.
whether it is hot enough to begin soldering.
Now take a f)icce of tin (iron or steel base tinned on each side)
with a small hole in it and trv to solder it. We will assume that
ing
is
to take
it
to ascertain
if
HANDY
the
WOKKSlKll'
INIAN S
soldering
is
all
AM)
I.AliOKATOKV
and
iron.
it
and form
to
lump on
The
mix with
Now,
off.
happy medium.
strike a
iron
now
is
enough
be picked
easily
to
is
it
may
that
a sufficient quantity
tin.
IQ
is
solder, causing
make a good
to
some of
Le't
and
to the surface,
little
try to
job,
The remaining
hole and
left there,
or wiped
the
tin.
oft"
the same temperature as the iron, so that the solder will run
mercury; and if the object is thoroughly clean, the solder
stick.
Rosin as a flux is used extensively on tin.
A
way.
inch
all
it
can be soldered
First
The
file.
This
like
will
same
in the
hole, about
is
best done
quires a
more
little
practice,
it
re-
a touch of the
In soldering large
flat
Bunsen burner
The
pieces are
dipped
now
held
and runs.
is
More
solder
may
This
is
I20
man's WOKKSllOl'
ll.VXDV
LAIIOKATOKV
A.NIl
\
a
ragf
A
A
may
be
made
easil}-
as follows
end of the
ducers, as
and
pipe,
shown
on one end.
at C.
is
threaded
1/ 16-inch
hole
through the center, is fastened into the threaded end of the pipe
D, and the latter is then screwed into the reducer B. A piece of
inch in diameter and 4 inches long, is threaded on
copper F,
one end and screwed into the other reducer B.
The opposite
end of the copper can be either round, tiat, or pointed, as de-
I'ig-
sired.
piece of tubing G,
diameter to snugly
either
135
by screws or
rubber hose
is
b)'
nicks
made
is
made with a
when
the iron
fastened to
S.
is
in
wire.
This
]jlug
The gas
is
as
in the
E, and mixes with the air that enters through the holes C.
The mixture
will
u.-^e.
it,
The
&
of No. 16 B.
is
center punch.
protected by a spring
The
t^V^
fit
it
F by
is
the shield G.
in the
reducer at the
to be ignited.
12
HANDY MAN
121
HOME-MADE BLOWPIPE
The blowpipe shown
will be
For
metals in a crucible,
it
pensive outfits, which the amateur as a rule does not feel able to
invest in.
Fig. 136
to take
and pumps
air tanks
is
in the pocket, so
indeed small.
To
deal.
it is
The
evident
about 6 feet of copper or brass tubing 5/16 of an inch outside diameter will be required, also 2 feet of band iron about 1/16
Before bending the
of an inch wide.
of an inch thick by
size,
it
is
necessary to
fill
it
with lead or
be found to give
HANDV MAX
122
good
results,
ferable.
It is
in the tube, as
solder.
sizes of
tubing lead
is
pre-
piece
rule be enough.
by hammering
two or three
down.
The
safest
way
is
to use wire
tube will as a
end of the tube over a flame to melt the solder, at the same time
Fig. 137
Move
fire
and it will quickly melt the lead, and one may feel sure there are
no bubbles. To form the coil, use a round bar about Ji, of an
inch in diameter.
broom handle
will
prove useful.
It is best
The
valve
a convenient gas
This blowpipe
If
may be
jet may
it
will
HANDY MAX
coil,
at a will
23
be
86
FORMULAS FOR SOLDERS*
as soldering
manner
in
which they
and
first
to the
the
The heterogeneous
any
special purpose,
is
light-
Since the so-called soldering machine has been so far perfected that a good deal of soldering can be done without the use
ened.
many
Copyright 1906 by
Munn &
Co.
is
in this
MAX
IIANDV
124
WUKKSllOl'
AND LAUUUATUKV
CLASSIFICATION OF SOLDERS
Solders are divided, accordincT to their fusibility and special
uses, as follows
1.
pure
tin solder
and the
the most
fusible
soldering.
As
which
matter of
Solder.
fact,
bismuth solder.
therefore,
the
soft solders
Soft solder is
heat
least
for
can be prepared
requiring',
Hard
2.
kind,
Subdivisions
so-called'
of the group
is
that
its
members have
a considerably
higher fusing point than the soft solders, and thus can be used
in
The
tures.
Copper
solder.
varieties
its
known
as hard
and
soft brass
solder,
German
silver solder.
solder.
Gold solder.
Enameling solder.
Aluminium
solder.
solder
for
:
example,
but as this
name
is
indicates.
It
would be
entirely pos-
to
solder
To
have similar
])roperties.
It
is
number
HAND^' .MAN
S NVORKSIIOI'
25
SOFT Sor.DKRS
Soft solder, or tin solder, can be nsed to solder nianv different
silver, lead, copper, and steel, as well as brass,
and zinc. Its principal use, however, is in ordinarv
tinsmith's work, for which tin plate, zinc, and sheet brass are
the materials most frequently employed.
Soft solder can be used
for any purpose where the soldered articles need not be heated
much above the boiling- point of water, so that there is no danger
metals,
gold,
wronght
of
its
iron,
melting.
little.
combined.
as to
make
is
number
quite a large
be remarked, in
general,
that
of different solders.
the
fusing point
addition of
more
Since lead
lead.
is
tin,
of
It
the
may
alloy
much cheaper
than
tin.
for objects
where a high fusing point of the solder is not necesmaking toys. For certain other purposes,
solders of pure
tin,
This
is
amount of
of chemical action.
vention of any possibility of attack by substances such as vegetable extracts, fruit juices, etc.
it
is
Pure
of importance that
and "Banka"
it
English
tin
tin
126
I.AIiORATOKV
good quality of tin will be very near to this. If the fusing point
is more than five degrees higher or lower, there- is reason to suppose that there arc adulterations which will he
solder injuriously.
If the
is
ally
added intentionally
matce but
pure
tin,
and
on being Bent,
will
little
if
show
i)lainly
the difference.
solder to acids,
mixtures of
different
of the solder.
etc..
tin
fusing point
(Centigrade)
of a solder containing a
Fusing
Density of
Point.
the Alloy.
i^^-5
194
7-927
30
194
^3>-^
194
7-994
8.109
40
194
8.234
45
50
60
187
8.267
87
8.408
181
8.447
66.6
181
8.726
ICO
197
8.864
119
197
9.038
125
210
9270
'79
-^10
9.433
Fusing
128
Fusing Point.
240 deg.
Tin.
Lead.
80
1 80
80
4140
3105
2070
180
1242
180
1035
185 deg.
1180
828
190 deg.
1 1
1
1 1
Composition of ordinary
223 deg.
200 deg.
181 deg.
soft solder
Lead
Tin
207
118
Weak
Soft Solder
Lead
Tin
207
236
Strong Soft Solder
Lead
Tin
414
118
nuid Solder
Lead
621
Tin
Fluid solder
letting
still
it
590
prepared by making the given mixture and
is
poured
fluid is
off.
when
is
In using this,
it
is
sensitive scales to
be
made
No.
2.
requires very
They
are
numbered according
2
I'in
Fusing
is
it
The composition
Lead
in small quantities,
point.
240 deg.
('.
Lead
Tin
to
Tin
Lead
2
183 190 deg.
23^
C.
Lead
10
Tin
Fusing
29
Fusing point,
4.
177
point, about 180 deg. C.
Bismuth Solder.
For
tin and lead are too difficult of fusion, and in this case alloys of
tin,
lead,
solder, but
use
its
is
This
is
a most excellent
Fusing Point.
Deg. C.
Tin.
Bismuth.
(Very
208
118
208
208
236
165.56
944
168.99
brittle.)
137.7
is
that they
brittle, so that if
have but
an
little
cementing power,
way
is
fall,
Tin.
Lead.
Bismuth.
Deg. C.
118
207
2c8
124
236
414
208
145
354
472
236
621
208
208
208
255
160
With
828
207
160
fusing point
HANDY MAN
130
can be brought
point of water.
down
Some
to a
l)oilino;
Xewton's Metal
Bismuth
Lead
Tin
1664
1035
354
Rose's Metal
Bismuth
416
Lead
Tin
207
Fusing
118
point,
9375
deg. C.
D'Arcet's
}^Ietal
Bismuth
Lead
Tin
Fusing point, 79 deg. C.
1664
1656
354
carefully
fluid alloy.
cast
is
making repro-
Bismuth solder is usually made by melting the rec|uired quanof bismuth together with ordinary tin solder, in the proporThe tin must be
tion of I part of bismuth to 8 parts of solder.
melted first, and heated above the melting point then the lead is
added, the vessel removed from the fire, and the bismuth thrown
into the mass, which will at once become thinner.
It must be
stirred rapidly, and the stirring should be contmucd until the
tity
A
into
very good
way
is
and
lead,
is
stirring
all
the
time.
Frequent
is
apt
tO'
HAMDV
.MAN
I3I
soft solders
very
is
sim]:)le, ])ut
solder of
will
all
proportions.
If
Since lead
in solder,
to
it.
sink in
it
it,
much
so that
if
longer stirring
the process
if
is
is
necessary to insure
Besides
reversed.
will
this,
be a
flat
wooden paddle,
may
be thoroughly
mixed.
When all the lead is melted, pour the alloy into the molds by
means of a ladle with a nozzle. When it has become stiff, dip
the mold into cold water, throw out the solder, and have the mold
ready for more.
Tvv^o workmen, with but a small number of
molds, can prepare a considerable quantity of solder
in a
in this
way
short time.
The forms
into
is
all
of the
same
size
and weight.
in
Fig.
138
is
MAX
IIANDV
13^
WOKKSIK)!'
sharp-cornered prismatic
AM) LAr.OKATORY
i)ro(luccd in
is
pit^ces.
In making" fine bismuth solder and tin solder for delicate work,
it
well to cast
is
it
molds which
in
Fief.
Fig.
13S Mold
for
139
I^ig-
and
solders
two
consists of
It
tin solders
when placed
If
together.
The
solder
is
poured
in at the top.
frequently
is
done, the solder will take in some iron and become harder and
more
\'essels
brittle.
ferable.
Bismuth
alloys
are
made
in
the
same manner
decreasing" the
fire,
Good
is
as
ordinary
lowered, by
appearance.
mixture
soft
is
judg^ed by
its
outward
structure,
ap-
way.
on a
These "blossoms," so
dull
white g^round.
called in
If the solder
is
IIAXDN-
MAX
AXl) LAISOKATOKY
S \V(lRKSIlf)r
made
l)e
over.
1)y
T33
melting and
stirrinji^
vigorously.
If,
in spite
ring, the
is
it
stir-
not
is
crystalline structure.
Metal
workers
who
are in the
them
to use
alloys,
it
is
desired to
of antimony
tities
5 per cent is
enough
to
An
tin,
small cjuan-
From
melting.
limit
cially if thin,
save
to
a certain
and break
easily.
made
parts of
tin,
fusible, but
Sheet Alloy
Tin
Lead
Copper
35
250
2.5
Zinc
0.5
thin sheets.
It is
in the form of fine shavings, and the alloy cast into thin plates,
afterward rolled to the thinness of paper, and called tin foil.
An alloy of 29 parts of tin and 19 of lead is characterized by a
usually
made
first,
An
and more
tin is
and
brilliants,
i
of lead
let
MAX
134
IIAXDY
fall
liants arc
made by
WORKSHOP AND
The
removing
The small
LAL!C)KA roK\-
it
and
bril-
form of a
letting
cool.
it
and
These brilliants are rough on the outside and gray in
color, but the smooth inner surface, by artificial light, gives reflections like diamonds
the surface may also be coated with blue.
quantity of the alloy adhering to
it
stiffens quickly
falls off.
may
The above-described
Pieces
of pol-
The
wood
making metal
plates for
printing.
Cliche Alloys
Tin
L.ead
Bismuth
5
Fusing point, 91.6 deg. C. excellent for cuts, but expensive on
account of the large amount of l)ismuth. Some cl>eaper compo;
Tin
Lead
r.ismuth
II.
III.
1.5
Antimony
impressions)
Lead
I>ismuth
and sharp
Tin
1\'.
I.
inijircssions.
:
II.
13
14
HANDV MAN
made by using
muth
alloys.
and most
known, prepared by adding cadmium to the bisThis metal, whose fusing point alone is 455 deg.,
fusible alloys
I35
Wood's Metal
Tin
Lead
Bismuth
Cadmium
This
is
silver white,
very
fine
to 8
to 2
Lipowitz's Metal
Tin
Lead
Bismuth
4
8
15
Cadmium
This
is
at 55 deg.
at
all
60 deg. C.
HARD SOLDERS
In treating of soft solders,
it
was shown
The
variations are
is
such that they melt only on being brought to strong red heat.
Some
of
iii
in the
of
may
require soldering.
136
I.A lu
)KAT( )KV
copper.
fusing point
is
amount
of copper
decreased.
P\ire copper,
on account of
its
and
is
much used
is
an
wrought
iron,
be highly
It
Fine copper
filings are
results
itself,
itself,
are used.
These (used also for bronze) are mixtures of copper and lead.
lead they contain the more readily fusible they become,
of course, and the less they resemble copper in color or in point of
tenacity. The most common copper solder is composed of 5 parts
Another has copper 80 parts, lead 15,
of copper to i of lead.
and tin 5.
Copper amalgam, that is, a compound of copper :uu] mercury,
is very well adapted to soldering such copper and bronze articles
This is prepared by first
as cannot be exposed to strong heat.
precipitating the copper from a solution of blue vitriol, which is
The more
II.WDV
MAN
1^7
brushed over with, a solution of mercury, the so-called amalgamating fluid, and become white from the separation of mercury.
is
The amalgamating
fluid is
|)laces,
made by
the soldering
is
completed.
with
by
BrasSj as
cent,
may
The
be found.
to
make
it
brittle
more
it
approaches copper
and
crystalline.
The fusing
point
increased
980 deg. C. (1,796 deg. F.). with 30 per cent 950 deg. C.
T.742
deg. F.).
As
zinc,
the alloy
much more
brittle.
partly zinc
and partly
essentially,
tin,
and the
alloy
becomes
may
be modified by using
alloy
a resemblance to
the
giving
thus
138
For
bent.
this reason
If
niakini^-
in
tin.
brass itself
may
s^reat
tile
LAIiOKATORV
may
numerous formulas
There are
for
a few will
and found excellent.
reliable;
tested
in copper.
The hardest
Ycllozv
Hard
are g-iven
first.
Solders
(Very Hard)
Api)elbaum's Compositions
L
Copper
58
Zinc
42
II.
Sheet brass
85.42
Zinc
13-58
Karmarsch's Composition
III.
Brass
Zinc
"rechtl's
Composition
IV.
Copper
53.30
Zinc
43- 10
Tin
Lead
The
foreg^oing^
1.30
0.30
are
and
iron.
all
the
kinds of
first,
I.
Sheet brass
81.12
Zinc
18.88
and
IIANDV
MAN
I39
II.
Copper
54.08
Zinc
45-29
III.
Brass
3 to
Zinc
IV.
Brass
78.26
Zinc
17.41
Silver
IV.
is
4.33
hammer
or rollers.
softer are
I.
Brass
Zinc
2.5
II.
Brass
Zinc
Half-White
I.
Copper
53.3
Zinc .."............
......
46.7
II.
Brass
12
Zinc
4 to 7
Tin
III.
Brass
22
Zinc
10
Tin
140
Copper
44
49
Zinc
Tm
3.20
Lead
I.
I\'.
.20
readily fusible.
White
I.
Brass
20
Zinc
Tin
IL
Brass
11
Zinc
Tin
III.
Brass
Zinc
Tin
10
IV.
Copper
57.44
Zinc
27.98
Tin
i4-5'"^
The proportions
all
of
which have
of
been verified
The terms
in
general ''hard."
HANDY MAN
A.
)K^
Copper.
Zine.
Tin.
Lead.
57-94
42.06
....
....
58.33
41.67
50.00
....
....
....
....
1.20
Hard
50.00
Soft
33-34
(half-white) ... 44.00
66.66
49.90
3.30
Soft
(white)
Soft
Soft
141
Very hard
Very hard
Soft
(V^olk's)
B.
57-44
27.98
14-58
....
72.00
18.00
4.00
....
53-30
46.70
....
....
Very hard
Very hard
Brass.
Zinc.
85.42
12.58
7.00
.00
3.00
.00
4.00
.00
Soft
5.00
2.00
Soft
5.00
4.00
Hard
Hard
Half-white
Tin.
12.00
5.00
i.oo
Half-white
44.00
20.00
2.G0
White
White
White
Very ductile
For brazier's work
40.00
2.00
8.00
22.00
2.00
4.00
18.00
12.00
36.00
78-25
17.25
....
81.12
18.88
....
C.
Brass Solders
Copper.
Zinc.
Tin.
Lead.
Yellow, hard
53-30
43-io
1.30
0.30
44.00
49.90
3.30
1.20
Wliite
57.44
27.98
14.58
German
The
principally
nickel
Silver Solders
and
for
is
soldering
German
have corresponding
qualities.
name
silver.
German
it
are used
implies,
This
alloy
contains
silver belongs
among
the
alloys which are very difficult of fusion, and the solders used for
it
IIANDV
142
.\i;(
IRAK )KV
are those which have very high fusing i)oints, and belong there-
fore
to
the
general
class
hard solders.
of
where the
is
amount
exceeds a certain
of zinc contained in
becomes very
it;
but
if
this
brittle.
times called "steel solder," being quite generally used for solder-
ing
steel.
Soft
German
Silver Solders
I.
<~-opper
4.5
Zinc
7.0
Xickel
.0
II.
Copper
35.0
Zinc
56.5
Xickel
8.5
III.
German
silver
Zinc
I.
and
II.
compound
of copper, zinc,
it
is
and
4
composition, and have corre-
in III.,
nickel,
necessary to
is
German
used
know
directly,
and
in pre-
HAXDV MAX
ture
is
hot,
and when
lustrous,
and
it
brittle enoui^h to
become
will
fluid
143
allow of pulverizing
when
in
soldering iron.
Hard (German
Copper
35
Zinc
\ ..
56.5
Nickel
9.5
II.
Copper
38
Zinc
50
Nickel
I.
12
li.
can usually be
German
silver solder
is first
It
evaporate
if
it
is
obtain
difficult to
The German
silver
is
first
is
then thrown
in.
Thei
is
is
if it
be too
soft,
by a very high
luster.
Too much
zinc
is
also
shown
HANDY MAX
144
More
much,
alloy
zinc can be
S \V( )RKSII()1'
AND
I.AIK )KAI
if
ORY
there
already too
is
this
either the
is
evaporates, or
ferable, as
(lerman
more German
silver is added-.
This method
it
silver should
German
filings,
silver
The
is
as
this is
it
articles,
is
in
filings are to
When
pre-
The
is lost.
stick.
l:)egins
to
In soldering
German
silver
articles,
German
silver itself,
is
hardly to be
very hot. and to pour out the melted solder upon a large iron
which
be in grains of uneven
fine portions are
is
at
once broken
size, is
in pieces
with a
will
and the
being ground
sieve,
over again.
The
process of pulverizing
scribed,
is
German
it
metal
is
is still
hot.
preferable
HANDY MAN
with
filled
oil
and lampblack,
is
After
The
it
and the
I45
procured
in this
shaved
cylinder
may
oflf,
also
way.
SILVER SOLDERS
The
and are used not only to solder silver, but also for other metals,
in cases where the objects to be soldered require great power of
resistance.
hard and
Two
soft, the
sometimes a
httle
former consisting of
zinc,
and the
latter
Hard
is
Silver Solder.
silver
Sili'cr
Very Hard
for re-
soldering.
Solders
Copper
Silver
Hard
T
X,
Copper
Silver
20
Brass
9
11.
Copper
Silver
28
Brass
10
liANDV
146
MAN
Soft
I.
Silver
Brass
II.
Silver
Copper
3
2
Zinc
TIT.
Silver
10
Brass
10
I
Tin
These solders serve principally for completing the soldering of
silver articles done with hard solder, by retouching imperfect
Some silver workers use for this purpose copper and
places.
mixed with
Copper
silver alloys
zinc, as for
4
12
Silver
Zinc
Or,
Silver
Brass
6
2
Zinc
The
and
Silver
10
Brass
10
II.
Silver
20
Co])per
30
Zinc
10
is
fre-
HANDY man's
I47
Silver
30
Copper
Tin
10
0.5
60
Brass
60
Zinc
Ijrass.
care
should be taken that neither of the metals in the composition contains iron, as it has been found by experience that the presence
of a very trifling
amount of
this is sufficient to
making
it
brittle.
latter
made
its
expensiveness
it
is
most delicate
alloys.
The
and
red, white,
The
fusibility of
may
be as inconspicuous as possible.
much
as their color,
and
silver,
HANDY man's
148
and
still
metals
this
WOKKSilOl'
AND LAIJURATORY
in
of
all
three of these
But
if
Pure Gold Solder. liefore soldering apparatus had been deb}- means of which platinum could be melted, ])ure gold was
used for soldering articles made of this metal, such as are employed by chemists and in the manufacture of sulphuric acid.
For this purpose, the gold is laid upon the seams in the form of
fine rolled wire, or in thin strips, and melted with the oxy-hydrogen blowpipe. But experience has shown that platinum articles
soldered with gold are far less durable than those made by
vised
especially in
Of
it
it
is
is
only
laboratories.
properly, and
the
articles,
It
requires a fierce
demands great
skill
on the part of
workman.
(18 carat)
fine
Silver
Copper
This
is
finest
gold
articles.
Gold 750/ioco
fine
18 carat
12
Silver
Copper
This
is
first
given.
is
HANDY
^r.VN S
I49
14 carat)
T.
Gold 583/1000
fine
14 carat
3
2
Silver
Copper
IT.
(iold
583/1000
fine
14 carat
Silver
Copper
Gold Solder
for
Ware
Ordinary Gold
carat
less
than 583/1000
fine
I.
Fine gold
Silver
Copper
II.
Fine gold
Copper or
silver
Fine gold
11 .[)4
Silver
54.74
Copper
28.
Zinc
5.01
II.
fine
10
14 carat)
Silver
Zinc
Enamel-Solder,
fine
Hard
18 carat)
Silver
;^7
Enamel-Solder, Soft
Gold 750/icoo
Silver
Copper
fine
18 carat
16
3
I
(14
HANDY MAX
150
The degree
as to
the first solder is the proper one, as otherwise the seams would
become so hot duriui;" the process of meltini^ the enamel that the
solder itself would melt.
For ordinary gold ware soft enamels
used,
are generally
and in this case the softer solder can be em-
ployed.
It is easily
special
common
soldering jMpe
the
in
ALUMINH'M SOLDERS
Since the discovery of aluminium and
erable quantities,
it
has become a
however,
in the past
its
production in consid-
common material in
One of the greatest
the
manu-
difficulties,
aluminium, and various alloys were used which gave imsatisfactory results.
This
possible to solder
tlie
difficulty
has
it
is
all
proportions.
I'arts
by weight.
I.
Zinc
,.
Copper
80
8
Aluminium
12
II.
Zinc
85
6
Copj)er
Aluminium
9
111.
Zinc
Copper
Aluminium
88
5
HANDV MAX
WOKKSIIOI'
AND
I5I
r.Al!(>KAT( )1<V
IV.
Zinc
90
4
6
Copper
Aluniiniuin
V.
Zinc
94
Copper
Aluminium
B.
10
....
....
Copper
10
Aluminium
20
....
Tin
60
95 to 99
Zinc
30
Bismuth
....
5 to
nium
is
copper
always made
is
first,
First of
all
the
sity,
dition.
The
amount
iiAXDv
1^2
^r.^^' s
worksiioi*
and
i^ap.okatuky
The purpose
is
to prevent the
mass
is
so high that
if
it
moment,
this
were
left
long
work must
much
On
solder
of
account of
is
its
aluminium
artificial teeth,
cjuantities,
as this metal
is
easily
Gold
Platinum
30
Silver
20
Aluminium
lOO
Aluminium and
("lOld
Solder
Gold
50
Silver
10
Copper
10
Aluminium
20
alloy,
proportions, either
2.
4.
of the
amalgam. Zinc amalgam is an alloy of zinc and mercury, as evident from its name (amalgam) being the general designation
for alloys of mercury with other metals. To prepare it 2 parts of
zinc and i of mercury are united, with heat. The zinc is melted,
It
the mercury quickly stirred in and the mixture quickly cooled.
To make the
is a somewhat brittle alloy, silver white in color.
solder for aluminium bronze, the soft solder is melted, the zinc
HANDY MANS
\V<
)KKS11(
II'
AM)
I.A1!(
)KATOm'
53
a soldering tool
made
of pure
the solder
employed.
Originally the solders composed of aluminium and zinc were the
The
first
fin-
alloys of
102
There
is
etc.
same
There
this.
in the
it is
conse(|uently
invisible
stantly
its
H.VXDV
154
MAX
WORKSHOP AMI
I,A150RAT0RV
many
insoluble
W'iiile in
itself is soluble in
in
is
of
its
it forms
by reason
beneficial, in that
it
is,
it
is
necessary that
this
and as
it
forms again instantly after removal, it is necessary that the removal of the oxide and the covering with solder shall be simultaneous. In soldering other metals, the oxide can be removed
chemically. With aluminium this is not possible, and it must be
removed mechanically by abrasion.
Bearing these facts in mind, it will be readily understood how
aluminium soldering must be done. All the surface to which it
is intended that the solder shall adhere must first be tinned.
This
is
fusion point of the solder used, and then rubbing the surface with
a stick of the solder, thus rubbing the oxide off the surface with
the solder
itself,
tinnmg
is
thorough,
it 'is
pure block
tin,
w'ith
may
is
still
lamp.
W'ith regard to the coiiiposition of aluminium solders, zinc ap-
pears to alloy with aluminium more readily than any other metal
available for the constituent part of the solder
consequently
all
proportions,
'i'iic
portion of aluminium.
we have found
to be most satisand a very small proThese solders do not run very freely nor
solders which
tin, zinc,
HANDY MAN
WORKSFIOI'
AND LAliOUATOUV
found
it
is
so high
I55
necessary, as stated
in fact that
extreme
in
On
solder
in the
is
absolutely waterproof,
The
quality of the
else
39
it
is
so well
CHAPTER
to think of
THE FACTORY
IN
handy man
tlie
as a potterinj;- amateur,
to dabble at
single thing in
IV.
classes of
all
are such handy men, they constitute only a part of the classification,
In
which
is
the large
piece of
work
mechanic
is
Ijroad enough
machine shop
to include the
it
most
skillful
mechanics.
of unusual character
nonplussed.
He
mon
run.
But the handy man steps forward and suggests a
brand-new method of procedure, which solves the difficulty.
Every machine shop needs a handy man.
The
was such
drum G on
tlie
pulley P. which
was
latlic.
The bracket
The shaft B
was required
HANDY MANS
VVORKSIIOP
AND
l.AiiUKATUUV
bracket
and furnished
'57
was
bearing^s for a
which was fitted at one end with a pinion J adapted to engage the face gear of the back drive, and at the other with a
gear K, adapted to mesh with a gear L on the feed screw. P>y
this means a 12 to i reduction was furnished between the face
The low speed of the driving pullevs was
plate and the screw.
shaft
Fig. 140
form the
42
1 3/2
on a
-inch
HANDY MAN
158
ilrive
the
feed screw with a pulley fixed to the side of the wheel on the screw.
the
screw.
80
cam
milling
Fij^. 141
HANDY MAN
WORKSHOP AND
!.
A DORATORY
159
form to guide the milling cutter while cutting the blank. The
form A with the hlank B were mounted on an arbor C\ and placed
between the lathe centers. They were connected to the face plate
by means of a dog D. An arm E was bolted to the carriage, and
was provided with a roller to engage the cam groove in the
The
form.
that as the
this
way
was maintained. On
and
belted to a
wide pulley
on
F was
The
with a pulley G.
a.
mounted,
fatter
was
The pulley
was in reality a drum long enough to accommodate the belt as the carriage traveled across the face of the
drum which was to be cut. The shaft of pulley G was provided
with a socket to receive an end mill /. The latter was rotated at
a suitable speed, by its connection with the pulley H, to cut the
cam groove while the carriage was moved slowly toward the headstock by the rotation of the form. The lathe was geared down
to its lowest speed, and belted to a small pulley on the counterlathe.
shaft.
42
IMPROVED LATHE CHUCK
Many
work from
When
is
also constantly
tion of a lathe
chuck which
The body
is
made
drill
may
of tool steel.
the construc-
is
work
tossing about.
is
It
The
taper
is
to
i6o
HANDY MAN
.-'L-
WUKKSllUl'
AND LAUORATOKV
J1.\M)\'
may
hardened.
'J'he
made
work from
l)ein^-
position by a
When
of tool
p'ms.
lie
as shown.
If.
The nut
tinishcd.
It
MA.X
Hanged
collar H,
the collet
is in
which
position,
turn
in
it
is
is
.steel
and
same
size
tossed about.
which
is
held in
retained by dowel
and spring by nut .-/. When this nut is released, the spring forces
the collet out and thus releases the work, which can be removed
without trouble.
These collets should be tempered so that the
center
is
One
1)\-
making
the straight
of an unbalanced dog.
In turning small
slender
rapidly,
the
will
be
appreciated.
With
work
it
material difference.
large
does not
make any
dreads
mechanic
work
to
^111
using
the
the
slide
swivel
for
because
it
is
(juite
difficult
to
rest
set
tait
it
The
102
HAXDV MAN
WOKKSHOl' AM)
When
I.AIW
)KAT()KV
be exaggerated three-
is
it
Fig. 144
is
made and
is
simply
it.
swung
Some
Each cylinder
weighed 4,000 pounds and each was 6 feet 6 inches in diameter
and considering that nickel baths are no deeper than 23 inches
and polishing spindles are only 2 feet long, the proposition was
a tough one a nut which couldn't be cracked by ordinary means.
The cylinder covers arrived at the factory drawn by eight
powerful horses, and even special tackle had to be devised to
plate the cylinder covers of a British battleship.
163
Fig. 145
The
nickel bath.
Then
finally polished
it
was
let
down on
One man
squatted
down
on the
floor,
making
IIAXDV
ir,4
MAX
WokKSllOI'
AND
iRAK )KV
.A KC
A verv
shown
dies
may
be
made
as
in the sketch.
hoUliii.^'
'
are
work
two
blocks.
to pass freely
J{
K
I
Fig. 146
HAiNDV
MAX
WOKKSllur AM)
Its
I.AIK )KA
shank
/ is
the grinding
A'
is
finished, the
edge of the
making
rest
it
i^S
will
lOKV
is
I'.v
raisinjc;'
obtained.
When
16
may
the
way
in
which a
die
^^1323
Fig. 147
can be made
in
little
cost.
HANDV
i66
MAN"
Fig. 147 shows the device and llie way in which the work is
clamped. Stand A is macliined. and a dovetail is cut across its
Belt
end
is
slide
the
attached to the
connected by a universal
is
work to
The machine spindle is
and while the work is moving back
the die sinker and. around the pulley F, which drives the
and
run
and
keyway
is
being cut.
it is
fed
up
])ractical
ii^.
its
construction, and
is
This device
by means of
simple and
is
perfect satis-
17
a method of converting
C B
I"ig. 14.S
II.WDV
The angle
plate
MAX
is
WOKKSIIOI'
is
up-and-down motion.
Lever
plate C.
movement
draw chuck
draw wheel
On
the
toji
operates.
tighten on
In the
is
so as to afford an
fits,
167
plate
AM) LAUOKATOKY
G.
to slide
/",
and
bed as to cut the screw centrally, the depth of the slot may be
regulated by adjusting screw /.
By moving the lever D, the
screw is fed into the saw H. There is an elongated slot / in the
angle plate
to allow the
draw
By
little
is
a stud
may
move
to hold in position
A
is
practical
shown
in
Fig. 149
Fig. i5o
lf)8
A common
to
to place a square
alike
on both
sides.
This tool
depth gage.
Some
is
also
handy on
and for a
17
CRANKPiN TURNING DEVICE
we had a crankpin to true up on
time ago
a double
20 X 40-inch Corliss engine that was worn so out of round that
the engine pounded like a steam hammer.
As there was no
crankpin-turning device available, and as all machinists know it
is a heart-breaking job to attemjit to file a crankpin 6}^ inches in
diameter and 7'4 inches long, round and square with the face of
the crank, the writer proceeded to design the device illustrated.
It is
rig,
as a $5 crankpin turner.
It
set at
bearing blocks
(",
which
acts as a guide or
way
fit
The
tool car-
movable block
to
and tapped through the end of the carriage for the feed screw H.
HANDY MAX
Attached
which
is
lo
WORKSllUl'
AM) LAIHJKAIOKY
is
is
In
making
5/2
its
-inch
axis,
in operation.
Fig. 151
nary to the
lAy
HANDY MAX
170
the ring
fit
to
fit
hole in
The
in place.
On
rail
F. tool
attaching the
The bearing
blocks
in
ring
I,
so as to allow ring
A'
to revolve
when
ring /
is
17
We
Fig. 152
lot
to
be machined, and
job out,
the tool,
we rigged up
and the way
we were
in
which
it
was attached
The
171
Jf
HAXDV MAX
172
AXD LAUORATOKV
WURKSIIO]'
After
the proper adjustment has been made, the kigs are locked with
the bolts
M,
is
size.
17
I'.uffalo
factory,
two iniprovised
The operator
of the
The
shafts rotate about 300 times a minute, hence the fans cause
away
Many
Thus
the oper-
of such dust.
might
in the land
profit
The
by
fan
84
lias
of
illustration.
])enctrating
the
dis-
somewhat in the
accompanying
peace
manner shown
into
that
in the
It
quality
of
noise
the
The end
must be
clattering of
the segments,
tudinal
Engine\
J'
ig-
'
5.5
saw.
cuts
The
made with
cuts
59
is
split
by means of longishould
feet
in
hack-
extend
the pipe.
MANDY MAN
)K
KS
1( )l'
AM)
I.Ai;()KA
OKN'
considerable waste of
The waste
when
Much
])it
g^rit,
from
which
oil is
due principally to
continues feeding,
oil
cup.
by the use of an
shown
as
dan^linj,''
oil still
of
and drops
oil,
oil
cup such
oil
v.
the accompany-
in
ing sketch.
consists of a
It
inside
shaped
ground
mushroom-
which
B,
valve
is
to a tight seat at E.
The stem
passes
through
filled
is
mushroom
When
with
the
the
oil.
valve prevents
its
is
at rest.
The cup
over the
receive
is
oil
placed directly
cup which is to
...
on, ana which
.,
tlie
Fie. 156
-An automatic
lubricating
^,y^^
The
oil
its
height
is
flows only
when
No
time
is
lost
nor
oil
wasted
in
when
the engines are stopped, and the stem can be easily wiped clean.
HANDV MAX
1/4
S \\(
KKSIIOI'
AND LALUKATUKV
stem
en<:^ines
by a
slig^ht
modi-
21
Some time ago my' boiler engine was frozen up in a cold snap,
and I wished to give my boiler a hydraulic test before steaming
up again, to see if it was fit for business. I had no force pump
or apparatus of any kind, yet I tested the boiler to the desired
pressure, 100 pounds.
I have had conversations with engineers
since then, and not dne of them could tell me how to make such
a test without any apparatus, so I believe the idea may be useful
for Handy Man's Workshop. I filled the boiler completely with
water, leaving no air space whatever, then built a small fire
under the boiler, and as the cold water warmed up and expanded,
I watched the pressure gage rise until it reached the desired
testing pressure, when I opened one of the try cocks, allowing
a small quantity of water to escape and relieve the pressure.
Having found things O. K., I drained water from the boiler to
the proper level and proceeded to get up steam.
47
METHOD OF PATCHING
The following method
shows some
originality.
A BOILER
was required
water
side.
patch was
The
by two,
fitted
on the
fire side,
HANDY MAN
WORKSIlOl'
AND
I.A150RAT0RY
'/:>
fitted in
Fig- 157
finished passed a
is
perfectly true
and
When
level.
It
when
the horses
will not
tilt
or shake.
straightened
usually
level, so that
the
In
,00.
lowing manner:
Take, for example, a grating
like
which
is
that
shown
here,
used by street
rail-
Fig. 158
ways
to
water
to
allow
drain
the
surface
into
Straightening buckled
castings
the
fit
box
in
176
rail
castiiii^^
at
wrenches with a
is
u]),
the
placed on top. A
and casting, in the
is
appears.
The
bolts
is
by means of a straight edge. AMien the clamps are removed, the iiollowness will be gone, and the casting will be found
tried
to be perfectly level.
The body
of a pick
is
generally
made
On
when hammering
split the
it
is
no unusual
the i)ick
it
down
open.
where many of
drilling
welded jaw.
Tt
will
al-o
1)e
seen
tliat
in
liotli
IlAiXUV
wear and
MAN
VVORKSHUP AND
is
tiie
blacksmith
Fig. 159
4.
jRAK )KV
on the low-grade
I.AIK
steel
So instead of
split
'//
jaws as much
splitting
open the
shown
to
When
these
came back
left
of Xo.
4,
and only
CHAPTER
V.
those
who work
fessionals, there is
in chemistry, whether as amateurs or prono more useful piece of apparatus than a flask.
make
all
may
number
to
of dif-
ferent sizes.
All the apparatus or tools needed are a Bun.'-en burner
if
gas
is
if
the bottom
its legs.''
ing.
it
is
The
When
it
softens.
Then
jjress
it
sufficiently flattened to
flask
several
is
now
of
When
the
tlu-
down on
make the
on
MAN
IIAXDV
same way
the
small
sleeve.
The
be used in
76
and a rubber
'7'J
glass tubes
is smaller
than the inside diameter of the other. The end of the smaller t^ibe
is softened in the flame of a Bunsen burner and closed.
With a
file
a small slot
tubing
The
is
is
is
smaller tube
is
slot therein,
two
piece of rubber
is
in Fig.
164.
Fig. 160-
the
fitted
Stopcock
ot glass
tubing
To open
tubes.
ward, as shown
is
forced in-
How
If
to start a siphon
may
is
running
is
to be siphoned otT
is
be
filled
IIAXDY
So
MAX
tlie
WOKKSllOI'
AND LAnORATUKV
opening.
the
Through
the
to close
cork
the
and also
a small bent tube. The outer end of the
latter tube is placed in the mouth, and
on blowing into the test tube the compression serves to close the valve and at
the same time force the liquid through
shorter leg of the siphon
the siphon.
As soon
is
run,
as the pressure
is
phon.
The
it
A common
the
liquid
water
1-ig.
is
in
cess of separation be used to get fresh water out of the sea water.
Cover the
which
is
tilted slightly.
The
HANDY MAN
WORKSHOP AND
LAl'.OKATOKY
l8l
radiant heat of the sun passing through the glass will evaporate
The
is
being carried on
at
required.
The
In Fig. 163
glass, of
is
a U-tube of
about 8 millimeters
ternal diameter.
This
is
in-
provided
en-
is
Through
this
stopper passes a
which
is
The U-tube
is
filled
U-
with
meters long.
freely
i-ig.
163
Electrically-controlled
gas regulator
armature of an electro-magnet,
H. The armature is held up by
a spring which is fastened rigidly to a support.
The spring is
adjusted to support the weight but to yield quickly to the magnet.
The length of the hook G must be such that its end will have a
l82
vertical
motion of
or 2 millimeters.
must be
flexible
acts simply
by
and
its
own weight on
the mercury.
If the
weight
sudden
The gas
lower end of
this
magnet
is
causes a corre-
lit.
be
made and
One
and
in the
at
it
or
more of
these
In
may
may
may
may
be supplied with
mercury
is
To
D and go out
and not the reverse. A motion of only about i millimeter
is required for the weight F, and as this weighs only about
7
grammes, the work required of the electro-magnet is very slight.
For the electro-magnet an ordinary electric bell of the cheapest
form may be used, the vibratory make-and-break being shortcircuited and the bell removed.
The weight may then be hung
on the end of the clapper. The magnet should be wound up to
20 ohms to economize current.
The apparatus may be controlled by any of the forms of electrical regulators on the market, in which a contact is made when
a certain temperature is exceeded and broken when the temperalure goes down.
As these regulators mav be made of extreme
this,
at B,
IIANDV
MAN
WOKKSIlOl'
may
racy
183
be accomplished.
The advantage of
this
form of regulator
is
that
it
can be
made
ratory.
mits of
In
2x 2y:
inches or 60 x 60 x 18
and the
taken
is
tubes
it.
spond
figure
and are
same
lettered the
way, they
The main
holes
the
as
size
figure,
may
tubes
may
or
be the same
other
the
in
be of any size
quired.
plug,
K^ may be used
merShould the
cury
in the
U-tube.
tube
is
made
in
the
shape
Fig.
of gas
regulator
shown,
its
lower part being
Its
turned down, so as to leave the proper space for the gas.
upper portion is threaded with a straight thread, so as to screw
When
it
lead
is
washer M.
Then
the hole iV
is
screwed
is
drilled
through the block and into the tube D. The outer end of this
hole is closed by a screw plug provided with a lead washer. A
This is continued
hole is drilled so as to intersect the hole A^
outlet B.
pointed
to
lit.
HAXnV MAX
84
gas-pipe thread
WORKSlIOl'
may
AND LABORATORY
form over the other is that being entirely of metal it is unbreakable and compact and eliminates any fear of fire. The operation
is the same as that of the other form.
yy
A HOME-MADE BAROMETER
As
is
well
known, a barometer
I'ig.
165
Fillinj^
is
air.
HANDY MAN
seen to
is
fall
tube
the
is
LAi;()KAT( )K^
185
the
column of
upri;;lit.
vacuum
It will
at the top.
WdKKSIlor AND
When
of the instrument.
quicksilver
movements
The
relations of the
the
of
"glass" to the
weather are of course
simple enough. When
is
atmosphere
heavy it causes the
mercury column to
the
rise,
indicating
fair
and
weather
versely
when
mosphere
con-
the at-
under
low pressure the mercury
column
subis
indicating
sides,
the
approach of a storm.
For
the
construc-
home-made
tion of a
barometer,
about
of
purchase
three-quarters
pound of mer-
cury,
three
feet
glass
in
tube
length
four or
five inches
long.
Fig. 166
mercury receptacle
around.
is
likely to be
found
in
all
hand
To make
the
IIANDV
86
MAX
strips of
board.
port
the
Add two
glass
receptacle.
pieces of
wood
to
to
long
will be
three sides of a
formed the
little
have
an
scooped out
in
box.
must
In
terminate.
strips
way
this
box
archway
the center to
tube.
wood may be
lid
ing
of the box.
some
wood
stain
finish
After applyto
the
give
the
frame
is
complete.
The tube
is
for
con-
immersed in
tlie
mercury receptacle
In
fill-
full,
and without
in
is
the receptacle.
difficult luidcrtaking,
it
the tube
cury contained
])lish
When
IIAXDV .MAX
WdKKSlIOl'
AM)
i87
cut
mercury
will
be observed to
fall
column of
atmospheric
the
air,
several inches.
finally
If this
If
way upward,
the tube
must
refilled.
Fig. i6y
to the
frame
case.
wire round the tube in about four places, and twisting these
The scale is easily prepared. Consult a
make
barometer
a slight
in quiet
mark
weather, and
in the
woodwork
when
in the
home-made
article.
On
your
scale
two
for the
sides
about
four
each
into
inch
central
number
down
slips
of
inches
at
30.00,
inches
the
dividing-
Put
tenths.
up
the
and
and
Paste the
accordingly.
the
tube,
been
already
has
prepared,
not
is
contrivance
claimed
will
extraordinary
if
tliat
work
accuracy,
this
with
but
169 The
variations
scale iu place
in
fair reliability.
pressure
with
88
it
is
is,
HAXDV MAN
trary.
is
labeled
iKN"
S.J
the
set
is
column at 9 o'clock
night index being set in the same way at
The
9 o'clock in the morning each day.
reading of either index holds good until
the top of the mercurial
th.e
line
in the
even with
evening;
the
other index,
twelve hours.
These
class,
titic
used
indices,
the barometer
described,
as
somewhat out of
take
the scien-
may become
and
utility.
Jt
known
is
erally
conditions,
be
considered
in
connection
barometric indications
eter with a given
with
as changing
wind luay
the
barom-
indicate sim-
while
with
would
be
of
different
general
The
rise or fall
170 A conveni'
ent scale for bar-
Fig.
of
assisted
Among
27,
THERMOMETER
It
was invented
HANDY MAN
190
probably by Galileo about the year 1593, and was used to a considerable extent by physicians
but its readings were deceptive,
;
more
is
based on the
is
])rinci])le
it
is
thermometer
a large register for a small change in
The reason
temjierature.
efficient
Since
The
is
of expansion
coefficient
0.003665, or approximately
is
coefficient
of
is
necessary.
Any
filled
ordinary
with eosin
.solution
bottle,
fill
cooling
air.
the
If
sphere
made
It is
somewhat
HANDY MAN
WORKSIKJl'
AND
I.AIUJKA lOKN
They are
warming
atmosphere.
It
the bottle
in
be necessary.
Two
may
191
essential
is
that
since
tight,
this
condition
would
in
the
bulb
is
whenever the
air
When
expanded.
in,
in
the
and
stem of the glass sphere inserted so that the end of the tube
the
the
or the gradations
on the glass
will
be
itself,
may
be scratched
inaccurate,
for
they
will
liquid
in
In
The
Fig. 171
A home-made
makes
it
is
very
it
Inter-
for instance,
iiT
eva])ora-
if
air
thermometer
it
is
it
is
192
IIAXnV
MAX
WORKSHOP AND
I.Ar.ORATORY
velocity of the
wind
is
Fig 172
Details of
the electrical
is
In the
used as
anemometer
HANDY MAX
the board
the
is
WoKKSllOl'
wind presses
preferably
is
made
In Fig.
indicated at A.
AND LAltUUATOKY
I93
must be
foot square,
and
/,
C through
]nilley, 7, is
down
pulley
Tlie
i)iix'.
after being
small
to the
and
passes over
indicating
mechanism
the
According to
statistics
is
wind pressure
as follows
0.37 pounds
hour
hour
hour
hour
hour
hour
hour
hour
hour
hour
0.76 pounds
15 miles per
30 miles per
25 miles per
30 miles per
35 miles per
40 miles per
45 miles per
50 miles per
55 miles per
60 miles per
6.66
ivnmds
pounds
pounds
pounds
pounds
pounds
pounds
7.<So
jiounds
1.27
i.rp
2.64
3.50
4.44
5.50
9.22 pounds
HA.NDV
194
By
MAX
WOKKSliOl'
AND LAUOKATOKV
will be able to
back out of
determine
how much
normal position
its
l)y
the board
we
pressed
will be
.-i
brass roller,
^1/,
The method
])ulleys L.
On
the
indicated in the
is
magnet
is
,V, w^hile
is
M.
such a
way
causing a needle
thence
These magnets
is
In this way, as
them
is
roller
electrically -con-
is
pivoted before
move over
the
and indicate
face
dial
its
pressure against
the plate A.
bars,
may
be
made
as
it
be an easy matter to
will
make up
wind
veloci-
keep
it
taut.
weights,
same way
it,
a second cord
may
In
Ta
as the heavier
be used to carry
HANDY MAN
the weights
.1 is
195
the posi-
To make
fitted into a
is
shown
at T.
5"
The magnets
A^ are
it
is
swung
The
about.
to
is
needle P, which
is
soldered to the
upper end of the tubing R, will travel with the armature over the
dial face V, which is graduated to show the various wind
velocities.
73
GYROSCOPE MADE FROM A BICYCLE
The accompanying
illustration. Fig.
made
173,
The
turn-
:::;:5:r;;r^f
Fig. 173
table
it
is
to bicycle pedal.
is
The
pedal
bolted.
is
An
is
indi-
ipti
cated at
with
its
show
can
DD
when
the groove
apparatus
First.
It resists
swung
a hook, C, by
is
as a
the wheel
any change to
pendulum
to
is
spinning hori-
its
plane of rota-
Stops
rest.
down
be hung and be
zontally,
tion.
may
EEE
when
worked
is
its
raised
is
toward the
vertical.
The
as follows
when
inert
not spinning;
s])in
the
spun,
when
it
will
it.
manner
of g}TOScopes.
25
elastic
more or
pendulum
is
usual pendulum
the
pension.
is
suspension
less of the
As
in the
form of a
spiral s]:)ring,
vibration,
is
this
is
may
be constructed as
method
shown
in
Fig.
laboratory courses,
will
be welcomed.
it
is
Below
this a cylinder, B,
of hard rubber, having two knife edges, C, and a yoke from which
depend two
spiral springs.
The
IIANDV
MAN
As shown
in
I97
through the weight upon four grooved rollers /:, mounted upon
conical bearings.
Above the weight is an adjustable collar, /'.
G,
is
made lOO
centi-
meters.
spring
collar
is
suspended from
is
its
weight
grammes and
the
spring.
Now take the vertical distance between the knife edges
and the middle of the weight, and calculate the time of vibration
Vibrate
of a simple pendulum whose length is this distance.
the apparatus through a small arc, and adjust the weight A until
No great care is
the time of vibration is that above calculated.
demanded in this adjustment. A circular arc of one meter radius,
divided to thirds of a degree, is placed under the pendulum, so
tion
at
its
fall
will
it.
^
=2g
falls vertically S,
r versin 9
=
F^2
The
and therefore:
jr versin
llAXDV
198
MAX
>
him and
more or
vertical periods.
less
The
may
ratio
be varied by making
ring
is
high room, and through this ring a string is passed and to the
hanging end of the string is attached the spring and weight. Tiie
weight
is
a brass tube
Fig. 175
is
Fig. 174
Details
elastic
of the
pendulum
Fig. 176
When
weight
raised
is
deflected
ratio }^
and
HANDY MAN
AND
VVOKKSIIOI'
LAl'.OKAIOKS'
199
at llie bottom.
The weight may be
by putting shot in the tube. A record of the curve
traced by the moving weight is obtained by attaching a "pea"
lamp to the lower end of the weight supplying this with current
added
to
from two very light wires coming in from one side, and i)hotographing this light by a camera placed vertical to the j^lane in
which the pendulum swings. A lamp may be selected giving
Fig. 177
Fig,
78
200
IIA.NDV
MAX
WOKKSllOl'
AND
I.A I'.OKA]
)RV
17
/o >ho\vs ihe curve obtained when the \vci,c:ht is
and released. It is rca(Hly seen that the cycle
Fi!
aside, raised,
drawn
would
were the
left,
ratio exactly
to
i.
When
the weight
same curve
is
ances the
downward
upward
is
described.
drawn
There
just suffi-
is
We
acceleration of gravity.
curious
freely-
pendulum
moving
hob
case
describes
whose
straight
line.
177
I'ig.
when
deflected
cycle
The
horizontal
incomplete.
is
component
of the cycle
jK'ndulum
ratio of ^<
directive
176
it
is
reached the
has
lost
force.
In
its
Fig.
is
due to falling
u])])er
to
it.
and that
complicated.
No
cases
attempt
flo.
made
here
however.
mathematician,
made
to treat the
])resent
should
the
new and
present
state
of
analysis
be
found
HANDY MAN
equal to the problem.
WORKSHOP AND
In general,
201
I^\l!OKAT( )UV
we may remark
in simple
A straw
stream of water,
tree.
imder high pressure, will tear the skin off a man's hand. A
copper disk rotating slowly can be cut by a steel cutting tool
but if rotated at high speed it will turn about and cut the tool.
These
ability of paper.
Everyone knows
but the experiment
that the
was undertaken
to discover
Fig.
ibo Cutting
HANDY MAN
202
its
its
An
center.
Fig. iSi
was held
wood
HANDY MAN
With
wood
this
203
of the pencil.
But the best cutter was made out of a sheet of three-ply Bristol
board, the kind on which drawings for the Patent Office are com-
monly prepared. With this stiff paper the pencil was cut into
very quickly, and the cut was exceedingly fine and clean. When
the lead of the pencil was reached, the progress of the cutter
was much slower because the graphite acted as a lubricant.
Neither the paper nor the Bristol board showed any material
wear with use. Fig. i8i shows the Bristol-board cutter making
a cut, while in the foreground is a pencil which has been cut
in two by the paper.
CHEMICAL PUZZLES
The following experiment
little
easily
in other substances.
who
them and
their con-
The experimenter then pours one and the same liquid into
fourteen glasses. The following contradictory results become
tents.
the
at once apparent
frost
promptly
B was
becomes colorless.
becomes blue.
Glass C contained a clear liquid which becomes muddy. Glass
contained a muddy liquid which becomes clear.
If a lighted match be introduced into glass D, several inches
above the liquid, noisy flames are seen to spring in every direction.
If the same experiment is made in the same manner witli
Liquid contained in glass
blue
it
it
glass
D'
the match
Liquid in glass
odorless.
Liquid
had
is
quietly but
immediately extinguished.
in glass
it
it
becomes
acquires such an
HANDY MAX
204
Liquid in
p^lass
it
it
becomes
red.
Every transformation
is
|HI
common
IIANUY
MAX
or of sodium
either of acid
hydrate.
Glass ^''
is
205
fiUed
is
vvitli
sold by ])harmacists
to be taken internally.
to cover the
deg. F.
salt.
agitated.
Three-quarters of glass
decigramme
added in small portions
are
of copper sulphate
is
filled
water
with
dissolved in
it.
then one
Ammonia
is
meters of water
is
made
in glass
B' and,
another solution
in this,
Hydrochloric acid
will
cause
it
to
reappear instantaneously.
Glass
forms in
of glass
it
Hydrochloric acid
Three-quarters
filled
is
added.
attempt
is
made
One-third of glass
'
is filled
with wood ashes with enough water to make a thin paste. Carbon
dioxide is the gas which promptly extinguishes the match.
206
will generate
hydrogen sulphide
in the
is
any danger.
the experiment
to
It is
is
is
Glass
poisonous,
small,
luit
the
is
It
glass.
in the
room longer
Glass F'
magnesia
Calcined
is
the
solid
which
substance
fills
about
is
dioxide gas.
which are
can be performed with carbon disulphide.
To obtain carbon disulphide vapor there
the liquid.
It
boils
amount of vapor
at
at
is
no need of heating
it,
To
Pour
(lisul])hide
always
it
with
carlxin dioxide.
It
ofi^ers
HANDY man's
be
made
at a
to select a
\V()in<.Sll()I'
lower temperature,
summer
AND LABORATORY
althoiii;h
is
it
207
of course better
Take a long
in
glass
Fig. 183
Now
out.
its
invisible
Nothing
nor to
is
fill
take glass
nothing; handle
it
as
number
if it
little
three,
will
Capillarity
seem
to flow
disulphide
glass
number one
at the
shown
number two.
and nothing
latter glass
vial,
is
will
generally
Mer-
surface of separation
bemg
in
each case
208
IIA.NUV
horizontal.
This
MAN
is
the
Fig. 184
two
some care
side
by side
them
in
one vessel,
in that
queer
position.
Take an ordinary glass, and divide its capacity into two halves
by means of a roughly-cut ])asteboard partition laid vertically in
the glass.
Pour at the same time glycerin on one side of the
and carbon disulphide on the other. Tf, while so doing,
you arc careful not to allow too s:reat a difference of level between
both liquids, each will stay on its own side of the partition, even
partition
HANDY MAX
though the
partition.
latter
The
may
inii)erfectl\'
fit
Now
the glass.
More
side
freciuently.
by side
e.,
raise the
Fig.
209
its
it
shape,
bends
itself
in
HANDV MAX
2IO
mind tliat
and that its
///;.;."
lesser,
WOKKSllOI'
AND LABOKATOm'
va[>or
is
poisonous.
more
The
latter
inconvenience
is
the
mercial product are such as tp cause one to step back when the
vapor reaches the nostrils. 58
BLUE ROSES
The roses shown on the accompanying figure are white with a
Such roses can be
delicate and l)eautiful network of blue veins.
Fig.
1S6 The
obtained in
little
tlie
placing::
the following
211
2 grammes.
Potassium nitrate
2 grammes.
School boys know that white roses can be transformed into red
flowers by allowing the cut end to remain some time in some
kinds of red ink. The writer tried to obtain similar results with
a number of aniline dyes and found that while some, like aniline
red scarlet, for cotton, readily rise into the vessels of the stalk,
others,
aniline
like
methyl green,
will
not,
Some common
salts
experiment
blue liquid
is
the end of a
solution to which
is
no
few
saltpeter
added.
some of the
it
will
'be soon noticed that, while the flowers with the stalks dipping
in stalks
and flowers
58
of minerals.
Woehler, with
it
common
least as
his
much
Other
it
one
MAX
IIAXDV
212
may
WORKSIIUl'
AND LAUOKATORV
made through
us sugar, starch,
fruits, besides
all,
of our
synthesis.
Agri-
if
not
Factories will
make
for
as superior to
The most
Fig.
187 Apparatus
for
making synthetic
lilac
an essence
now
sold
skill,
HANDY MAX
name
WORKSIKH' AM)
I.AIK )K.\1
213
)KV
sometimes under that of lily of the valley, the operaand the synthesis is but an enjoyable
experiment easily performed at home or in the class room.
Besides the vessels found in every kitchen, the only needed
apparatus are a round-bottom flask (capacity about one pint), a
rubber stopper with one hole, and two .c^lass tubes united to.c^ether
of
lilac,
two operations,
i.
e..
common
the transformation of
oil
of
ever.
The first operation requires much time and no care whatThe second operation is made in less than a quarter of
an hour.
One-half of
Three-
is
mixed with
it,
To
transform
odorless
terpin
into
The round-bottom
flask
is
half
fragrant
a small
filled
terpinol,
terpin
amount of sulphuric
with water.
Two
or
and about as
much sulphuric acid is slowly poured into the flask. There is no
danger in pouring sulphuric acid into water, but water should
it,
An
alcohol
lamp
is
now
If a
MAX
IIAXUY
214
condense.
deli.q:htfiil
scent
fills
along- with
To keep
the room.
noisily
it
the tumbler
in a
it
more agreeable
after
it
has cooled.
Some
odoriferous plants,
of the essence
tion
expensive than
its
synthesis with
oil
is
much more
always
of turpentine.
58
ARTIFICIAL ZINCITE
made
follows
artificially as
Mix
tho^-oughly
in
crucible
off,
part
Place
Then bring up
given
to
salt).
Sulphur dioxide
will
l>e
an opaque crust, white, if the materials were pure and the operaUnder the microscope
tion carried out in a platinum crucible.
this crust
is
shown
to be
composed of small
crystals identical in
is
zincite.
Slow
It is
from 2 to 3 millimeters in
removed from the crucible in as
diameter.
is
Another method
arc.
stance,
is
to fuse
formed more or
ITS
EXPLANATION
less slowly.
But
in the
following
MAX
ll.\M)\'
UOKKSIIOl"
AM)
I.
215
\l;()K.\l'()l<V
shows
just
When
solution
when
iodine
is
(juickcr than a
is
tlash.
The experiment
alx)
is
colored blue.
sulphurous acid.
it
some
solution, B, of potassium
acid.
These
iodic acid,
last
in
two sub-
accordance
2KIO3
The
iodic acid
is
H.SO,
-f
= K,SO, + 2HIO3.
need be considered
the
in
experiment proper.
it
Pour
-(-
In a
closely.
to a deep blue.
The
3SO, + 3H,0
HI + 3H,SO,
5l + 3H,0
5HI
HI03
SO, + 2H,0 -K i
H^SO, + 2HI.
HIO,
The
=
=
The
form hydriodic
some of
The
it
is
may
good idea
be
made
to
change
in a
predetermined time.
and time
It
it
is
before
IIANDV
2l6
MAX
WOKKSIIOI'
AND LAKOKATORY
much
59
NOVEL HEAT MOTOR
Owing
water
in
licjuid
form
is
nearly incom-
it
power generator.
its
surroundings
is
capable
work can
lIAxNDV
MANS
VVORKSIUlI'
made
AND LAP.ORATORY
21/
Two
and projecting^ throuf;h the chambers nearly to the outer cylinTwo uprii^hts, F^ and F.,, support the wheel at a
drical wall.
One
or over a basin
is
filled w^ith
with ether or
filled
acetone, while the other contains only the vaj^or of the liquid in
an expanded
into the
Evidently,
liquid
36
motor described
is
made
of
This can be. improved upon and made much more attract-
metal.
if
glass.
The
entire operation
set
of glass balls
is
are
and one of them filled with a volatile liquid, alcohol or ether, the
air being exhausted before the bulb is closed.
A set of these bulbs, three or four, is arranged on a central
support which revolves on pins. The support can be made as
follows
Procure a cylindrical piece of wood, as shown at A, and
:
drill
with a
fine
which
Then
holes at right
set of clamps,
in their
MAX
HA.NDV
2l8
This box
is
made
best
bored, to
at
one
side,
on the
bottom as shown.
The
bulb,
operation
is
as follows
Fig. 189
When
c|uickly,
forming
sufficient
pressure
top.
HANOV
iMAN
obtained by
The
is
iisinj^
The
liquid.
2Uj
filled slightly
about
i^
inches diameter,
over one-half
its
height with
The
made
21
"ROTAGONS"
There is a class of geometrical figures possessing peculiarities
which possibly have not been investigated or published before.
For the sake of a title, and owing to the relation these figures
bear both to circle and polygon, let us arbitrarily name them
''rotagons." A rotagon is a plane figure whose perimeter is composed of an odd number of circular arcs such that each point
where two arcs meet is the center from which the opposite arc
may
be described.
the
may
sum
sum
is
may
in
A.
When
When
more or one
less
contact with
all
number of whose
times
sides
is
may
one
It
polygon, which,
all
if
more
is
sides of the
22Q
TIAXDV
The motion
MAX
point consists of a
i, 2, 3, 4,
Sections F, G, and
^^
H-
Fig. 190
o^
shown in
same
"
^^
^^^
6 O O
3
\^^
:
O O
<r
i>
^#
made
HANDY MAN
some of
221
ficlfl
of decorative design.
Fig. 191
Twenty
shows more
and C.
fully the
its
Al
D.O
O^^
Fig. 191
CI
Bl
@ #
^%%
A2
.^
B2
C2
A3
83.
The
orbits
C3
cg.,^ f, 4.
^^^^^
4^
is
HAXDV MAX
222
angle.
As
the motion
is
inches in diameter, and from the orbits drawn by the pencil, freehand ink tracings were made in order to facilitate reproduction
in the accompanying cuts.
This accounts for some roughness in
the curv'es, which does not exist in the pencil drawings.
Fivesided and seven-sided models {c and ^) are shown in the illustration, and also a piece of wood c resting on "three-cornered rollers."
When set in motion e travels in a straight line, exactly as if sup-
Fig. 192
To most
which
will
is
and may be without value in the realm of mechanics, but its properties are so unique and the infinite variety of its fixed motions
is so startling that it becomes worthy of investigation, even if regarded only as a scientific toy. 65
HANDY MAN
WUKKSllUl'
AND LAUuKATUKV
227^
A HOME-MADE SEISMOGRAPH
The
Scientific
some-
])ul-
few-
it
reveals.
have ever seen one, or had the opportunity to "feel the earth's
pulse" for themselves. Yet a really serviceable seismograph can
be constructed by anyone with a mechanical head, with very few
tools and a very small outlay.
The following is substantially a
of the seismograph constructed by the writer at
Euphrates College. Harpoot, Turkey. It involved an outlay for
materials of less than three dollars.
This instrument has been
in operation for the past sixteen months, and has during that time
description
is
shown
in the
Its construc-
accompanying engraving.
wax.
Against
In a slight de-
is set,
with
slightly concave,
which
is
ball,
is
set in
is
a defirmly
drum A.
HANDY MAN
224
bolt
is
disturbed, should
Fig. 193
two or
home-made seismograph
three ounces,
is
weight
is
and
Recvnliiii^ Fen.
To
the steady
mass
The
short
arm
It is
/.
I.AIK iK
AK )|n-
--3
The
The
long.
p"
|ivvYV^3ljw7\^^
"vihy^Mv^
Fig.
194 A diagram
of the
made instrument
cemented
One end
at
it.
conical point, S,
226
Recording
cal tin
Drum and
can closed
Clock.
is
perfectly balanced on
on
uprig^hts,
a cylindri-
at
The
its
shaft
is mounted.
A screw thread of about
formed on one end of the shaft with a soft brass
wire, wound spirally and soldered at each end.
This thread engages the upright, U and drives the drum slowly forward as it.
rotates.
The clock is an ordinary one-dollar lever clock. It is
tirmly fastened on the block, /', on the table, so that its axis is
exactly in line with tliat of the drum T. The L-shaped iron wnre
X is soldered along the minute hand, and also to its bushing and
pivot, so that it will rotate rigidly with the minute hand.
The
long arm of the L is parallel with the axis of the drum, and is
engaged by a fork soldered to the end of the shaft. Thus the
drum rotates with the clock, but moves gradually along its axis.
On the drum is wrapped a sheet of white glazed paper, held in
place by an open ring of spring wire slipped over each end of
the drum.
The paper is blackened by revolving the drum over
a large, smoky flame, such as a kerosene torch.
Important Details of Construction. Exact dimensions are un-
table
thirty turns
is
important.
The drum
is
one foot
in
diameter.
The following
The
ceedingly solid.
If possible
it
pendulum
is
lengthwise displacement
makes
and then the bearing face sIkjuM be highly polished with leather
and fine emery.
The bearings of the lever /, the link L, and the stylus R S
3.
must be very perfect. The points of the needles, K and [", and of
HANDY MANS
ihc link
L nmst
WOUKSIlol'
AM) LABORATORY
22^
The conical
made by pressing into
de-
may
the
be
K must
4.
As most
be exactly vertical.
of the friction of the seismograph
of the stylus S,
is
at the ])oint
is
it
The broad
part of
prevent the
paper
off the
in
great earthquake.
5.
installed, the
Time
room where
the seismograph
is
Markiiii^.
To
an
electric bell.
is
armature
it
magnet of
The 1)cll,
Thus
which causes, as
These con-
the
cells, to
is
The
at
is
effect
is
The record
is
then
sheet.
..
228
a register
If
I.Al'.ORAl OKV
is
in
it:
tremors. P'
i.
either side.
of the lever
2.
/.
6.
Period at time of
maximum.
8.
Locatiiii^ a Distant
End
(T. e.,
time from
Time
of end of
7.
of succeeding tremors.
Earthquake.
The
al)le.
in
tlie
Two
As
the
])reliminary tremors
first
travel
much
than the
faster
this,
per minute
is
distances
all
that
is,
first
tremor P' and the beginning of the first group of large waves
measure three degrees of distance on a great circle of the
globe. That will generallx' give within ten ])er cent of the correct
P'",
distance.
To
determine the
to
directioii
of an
origin,
single
horizontal
pendulum
is
inadefjuate.
movements may be
The small diagram shows one method of bringing the
records of two ])endulums on one recording drum. The short arm
is
set at
an angle of 135
])arallel. as
(leg. to
shown.
the long
One
])endu-
lum hangs north and south, and records motions of the earth
cast and west, while the other recorfls motions north and south.
To determine
IIANDV .MAN
It is
WOKKSllOI' AM)
first
known
I.Ai;()KA'l( )IO'
22^)
quake.
79
CHAPTER
VI.
Two
ordinary
Leyden
jar,
Select
two
tin
cans
may
be used to
make
a serviceable
bein"^ unbreakable.
by about one-half
inch.
larger
with a
(inside)
disk of rubber
or
varnished
To
the bottom of
cardboard.
Around
ending
in
plate or
men
Fig. 195
An unbreakable Leyden
jar
well-varnished p a re h
folding this insulating
down
into
the
down,
layer
t,
Place
in the larger
The
IN
LEYDEN JARS
puncture of the
bottles, as
one
is
s^lass.
properties because
in this
23
manipulation of the
applications
It
LAI!C)KAT(J1<V
for convenient
tinfoil.
other
in the construction of
Regnault's
hygrometer.
The
easiest
way
is
to
go down
The
The following formula
lo grammes in i liter of
to the mirror maker's with the flasks that need the coating.
do very
A. Rochelle
well.
water.
Add
B. Silver nitrate 5
3 grammes of strong
cipitate at first
I
liter.
Mix
formed
is
trifle.
salt
grammes
ammonia
dissolved.
equal parts of
dissolved in a
little
water.
Add
and B.
The
glass ought to be
is
complete.
In
^43
HAXUY MAN
232
may
fi^rni
of terminals
be attached to them.
The device
a
is
Fi}^.
make
away
iy6
at
the points
In- i^lacin^- in
where
s])arks are
hoiiie-niade Wiinshurst
is
When
obtained.
the circuit
wanted to
machine
The machine
is
driven
IIAXDV
the machine, the
MAX
22>2>
then
while the plate was exposed, the machine was operated to give
several sparks. The camera was now closed and, after the shades
were raised, a second exposure was made without disturbing" the
machine or the camera.
HOW TO MAKE AN
There
is
prettier or
more
static attractions
I'ig. 197
the
curious
little
234
c,
tig-htly
The
manner by
flywheel
is
supported
in
a similar
pieces, h, are
Fig. 19S
depth of
2^
inches.
To
reduce friction as
much
as possible, the
may
down
slightly
sockets for short distances only, near the tops and bottoms of the
holes.
i,
on the upper face of the wheel serves to give the latter a finish,
and to assist in binding it with small screws upon the turned
wooden hub,
piece,
/,
k.
Into the
of ^-incji round
ball,
//.
is
IIANUV
MAN
itself
235
end
supports.
it
end of
in is
turned
down
slightly
and glued
bored through one of the arms of d near the hub. The connecting rod. c, works freely on two slender wire nails which pass
loosely through transverse holes in the rod near its ends and
enter
and
in
respectively.
On
Fig. 199
Other,
two rectangular
6^ ^
each measuring
pieces of double-strength
SH
window
glass, n,
The two
balls
stiff
elec-
wire
q.
HANDY man's
236
In each of the
small hole,
r,
is
WUKKSllUl'
balls, p' ,
bored,
little
ASU l.ACuKATUKV
above
its
horizontal center, a
to receive
two
pairs
The exact
c,
crank pin,
;/;,
The
latter
moving
the lever.
if
rod
may
When
moving
is
wooden
pattern.
balls,
is
hollowed out
removing
away
again.
all
The
a conducting coating of
following manner:
The
it
is
inch thick,
its
diameter.
W^ait a few
now
be neatly done
down with
edge for a
shellacked, as
moments
in the
inward from
]:)iece
Vs
may
foil itself.
This
ball is first
the
tlian
])arls all
tinfoil.
sand paper.
more
is
also
i)/'
dis-
e(|ual in
one side of
become
MANS WdU KS
IIA.NDV
in like
manner with
AM)
1( il'
foil in
])lace
I.A
l;i
ll^\
J^"
TOUV
on the
ball
and
i)ress
down
into place,
Proceed
now
ball is
it
as exactly
The micovered
covered, a piece at a
ling,
it
narrower
covered
shaved
at their
all
ofif
down with
at their
To
much
avoid too
overlap-
foil
is
should be carefulh'
An
almost
All the
working
joints
cramping or binding,
mechanical forces of
some experimentation
will
;
too
If
the foregoing conditions have been complied with, the motor will
its
machine
is
shown
The
action of the
jirinciple
of
238
now
is
Attraction
it.
instantly
reverse
its
have their
electrification reversed
first
balls,
received,
repelled.
con-
With
crisp-clicking sparks,
its
its
Among
suggested
by
phenomena
susceptible of
development
high-tension
lies
fairer
there
electricity,
more
is
no
class
interesting treatment, or in
of
whose
of illustration in
very
little
efifects
conductors.
certain
few pleasing
this character
its
result as a spectacle
sition that
phenomenon
becomes
To
at
in
fine adaptations.
HANDY MANS
tutes one of the
WOKKSIIOI'
most beautiful of
AND
all
LA1J(JKAT(J1<V
239
visual effects.
1^
".:
HAAUV MAX
240
to the
AND LAUORATUKV
WUKKSllUl'
it
ascends
in a
path;
in a straight
circumference
is
])aris
knife
those
point,
The
and of
sufficient
to
perfect
all
width to
in-
each break
when
the current
is
through
tached
binding
posts
respectively
supporting
spindle
at-
to
the
of
the
and to the
foot of a vertical conducting
standard formed of brass
tubing, rising from the base
whirling
table,
of the apparatus at
some
201
Luminous
dis-
The
the
formed of thick
wire, is made removable to
be exhi])itcd. one end fitting
standard,
jj;ol)lcl
(jl)ject
to
down
.\
the
glass
is
whirled
rapidl\-
with
the
static
discharge
When
pass-
llANnV
MAX
241
ing over
beauty.
of the goblet
obtained
is
of an inch
producing
long,
at
this
the
desired.
scale,
such objects as
show
globes,
large
be
bottles,
used,
the
fish
domes,
may
etc.,
style
of
Fig. 202
One
rarely
exhibited.
beautiful
llAXDV MAN"
242
WUKKSllOl'
AM)
I.AIU
tKATUKV
thin,
mounted
long,
is
two small
^^_Q
which
is
^^(^vInQ ^
soldered,
LAIiOKATORY
243
respectively.
From the opposite poles, P and F, of an influence
machine wires are run, one direct to the shaft and the other
through an adjustable spark gap to a stationary spring, S, of thin
leaf copper, or a small tinsel brush, bearing lightly against
When
the board
in action, there
whirled
is
in the
appears a magnificent,
The original of
manner with a large
of generous size.
duced
in this
across.
brilliant,
static
R.
discharge
many-armed
star
generator,
may
feet
thickly with transparent water colors, such as are used for color-
etc.
for
The spark
fulfills
an important function
is
to
at regular
time intervals,
The gap
power of
Through its use,
its brilliancy.
It also increases
the generator to
to
entirely
To
an observer seeing
it
24
HANDY MAX
244
STRATIFICATION
IN
Every experimenter
electricity
in
who
and the mystery of the jihcnomena of stratification. In jiroduciui;/;; vacuo the RuhmkoriT coil has been generally
regarded as the only practically available means for the illumination of the vacuum.
So common has been this impression that
few experimenters, not even the makers themselves of the tubes,
have seemed aware of the valuable i)ossibilities of the influence
machine for this particular form of ex])eriment. This, of course,
has not been without its reason. While no special precaution or
the stratified light
nicety of manipulation
with the
coil,
is
when such
a tube
is
However, with
Ix-
method of
excitation.
strict
through
tlie
with the
namely,
tube
static
suflicient,
all
a generator of sufficient
size, to
The
first
im-
contacts
oc-
This precaution
HANDY MAN
attended
to,
]K'rimental
WORKSllOl'
AND LAISOKATUKV
-'45
machine slowly
is first
As
the
seen as a
thick nebulous line along the axis of the tube between the electrodes.
This, at
first
vacuum
tubes
l)y
dred
cells
m
Fig. 204
tity
is
now
many hun-
historical
ttiiiii^
Stnation produced with infiueuce machine
striae
is
an obvious
The remarkable constancy of the stratification reneasy the making of photographic studies, with time expos-
advantage.
<lers
three-minute exposure.
In exciting stratification with the
W'imshurst machine (which has probably been more largely made
a.
and used by amateurs than any other type), a simple device which
from its function might be termed an atmospheric rheostat is
HANDV MAN
246
AND LABORATORY
WORKSlIOl'
run on closed
such,
circuit,
If
little
resistance,
by a single
Geissler's
may
thus, a tube
This
obviated by supplementing
is
the resistance of the tube by that of two air gaps, one on each
side of the tube in series with it.
But as these gaps must not
be spark gaps, the construction shown in Fig. 205 is adopted.
Two smooth metallic disks three or four inches in diameter
-^
)))>))>
Fig. 205
and facing
it
standards.
is
shown between the two middle posts the two outer posts are in
unbroken metallic connection with the opposite poles of the genWith this arrangement the current passes the air gaps
erator.
between the points and disks as a silent, continuous, non-sparking
discharge and the stratifications within the tube are beautifully
;
developed.
portance.
The
point at the
left
is
of vital im-
thai side
effect
on
HANDY MAN
the collecting combs
If this order
pole.
gaps and
The
tubes
tiie
WORKSllOl'
is
is
247
effect
is
destroyed.
complete,
AM) LAItOKATOKV
is
which no
collection of
vacuum
A SIMPLE EXPERIMENT
Of
the
many
IN
24
STATIC ELECTRICITY
one of the
body.
easily
available
is
not
usual
mon
among
the
com-
is
248
at a
IIA.NDV
MAX
AND
WOKKSllUl-
LAJitJKATOKV
for height
easily
is
made by drawing
The adjustment
bell.
I""ig.
206
Ringini^ a
become powerfully
electrified,
and
will be
its
let
two
ends,
and drop
As
across the
lift
tin,
down
far
enough to touch
tin,
the
it
found
Now
little
clapper
finallv
ceased
its
HAMDV MAN
lifting of
the paper
WOKKSliUI'
AM)
LAiSOKA'J
oti'
to
it
UUV
-'49
renewed vigor.
Under good atmospheric conditions it is not always necessary
that the charged paper actually touch the tin plate.
Oftentimes its mere presence in tlie vicinity of the plate. 3 or 4
inches above it, is sufificient to set the bell ringing by induction.
If a small hard pellet about the size of a buckshot (made by
rolling a little pinch of fresh bread between the fingers) be substituted for the metallic clapper, the motions of the pellet, by
reason of
and the
its
little
execute
will
many
much
exaggerated,
unexpected
comical and
gyrations.
insulation,
of thin
blown glass
heavy tumblers of
the
is
to render the
conductive by wetting
thick
glass
wooden support
its
to obtain
pressed
surface thoroughly
all
over, to
Ijell
from
Like
all
other exhibitions of static electric phenomena, the one here described succeeds best in cold weather,
it
The experiment
always
its
in
24
HOW TO MAKE
action,
is
Take an
may be made as follows
and rem.ove the gong. The striker arm
inch from the armature leaving the
should be cut ofif about
A strip of brass 1/16 inch thick and ^4 inch wide of
butt G.
simple electric engine
ordinary electric
bell
suitable length is bored at both ends, one end to fit the butt
and the other end to fit the crank / of the shaft C. The shaft
made
care
G
is
should be taken
HAXDY MAX
250
to
make
ature.
is
Any
wheel
In the model
can be used.
made by
was used.
The bearings B
made
be
can
of strip brass
in the
KK
to the shaft
Fig. 207
.\
place.
//
is
to keep
wire
it
in
ring
in place.
the terminals
When
the screw
is
are connected
connf
to a battery the engine will run at
12
many
persons
who would
like to
make an
induction coil for medical use, but are deterred from so doing by
the belief that the
work
mechanic to undertake.
is
is
This
is
a great mistake,
however, as
it
good
results at a cost
tools.
For the core there may be used an iron bolt about three inches
long and three-eights of an inch in diameter, as shown at A in
the accompanying drawing. It is a good plan to soften the bolt
by heating it red hot in a fire and allowing it to cool slowly.
Make two thin wooden washers about an inch and a quarter in
diameter, and glue them on the bolt to form a spool as shown at
B, and cover the iron between the heads with a wrapping of two
layers of paper glued on.
makes
a neat finish.
is
ANDY MAX
11
The
WOKKSIlOl'
AM)
I.AliOU.V'l
first
coil,
ORV
-51
requires about
the heads,
ofif
the wire and pass the end through a second hole in the head
near the
first
one, as
shown
D.
at
The
The next
coil,
requires an
Finer
because
greater
number of turns
of
the
it
is
dle.
Before winding on
any of this wire, glue on
a wrapping of two or
three layers of paper over
the primary coil, to keep
the
two coils entirely
separate.
The secondary
wound
though care
Fig. 208
is
shown
the coil
at
too tight.
H,
for connection to
ate.
One
file
file,
thus
is
If the shocks received from the handles arc too strong, use a longer piece of wire
HANDY .MAN
^5^
at 6"
if
WOKKSliUi'
AND LABOKATOKV
more
95
Fig.
shocks nothing
is
Of
the
for producing
and satisfactory than the
various devices
more convenient
magneto machine.
A simple magneto-machine of novel construction
designed
here described.
Fig. 209
is
HANDS-
Four ordinary
MANS
\V( )KKSII()I'
AND
I.
I'.dU
AK )KV
253
(7,
3/16 of an inch
in
shaft,
diameter.
by clamping plates,
brass,
b,
of thick sheet
magnets by small
At
their butts
at their
Fig. 210
At
its
groove,
strip
sufficient to
it
a shallow cross-
In front of the magnet's poles are fixed, horizontally, two bobbins of fine insulated wire, c e'
iron cores,
h,
f,
soft
an iron yoke,
instrument with
wood
screws.
and
g,
made
of 2
5^ -inch
IIAXDY
254
MAX
thick
/.
The
coil
tightly
of vulcanized fiber or
should be
i^
inches.
An
insulating
wrapping
is
The ends of the bobbin cores are provided with flat pole-pieces^
made of ^-inch strap iron, attached to the cores with flatheaded machine screws. The pole-pieces are rounded at their
outer ends to conform to the shape of the bobbin heads, whose
/,
left straight
it.
The
k,
inches in
its
and
level
length.
The
shaft
coils arc in
through
the bobbin
its
way
binding post,
p.
The
standard,
brass spring,
HANDY MAN
connections arc
AM)
WOKKSIldl'
made underneath
1.
AIU
(UATOKV
255
movement being
by a
and regulated by
z', the screw
bearing against the end of a. A similar screw, u, passing below
a serves to hold the spring, r, permanently out of contact with
this
an adjusting screw,
when
With
limited
k,
held by a
set-collar,
split
desired.
away from
With
t,
metallic post,
moderate
/>
and
/i',
yielding pleasant
intensity.
is
formed through
g,
I,
a, r,
the
cross-piece,
c,
away
until they
The
facility
period can be produced with this machine renders possible certain curious physiological effects not obtainable with induction
effects will be mentioned.
The best
sponge hand-electrodes wet with salt
water. Set the machine for the sinusoidal current with r and a
out of contact.
Place the sponges upon the closed eyes and
revolve the magnets very slowly. A bright globe or aureole of
coils,
to the
MAX
Il.WDN
-25^
The experimenter's
room, with
to rock
and
them about
By holding one
winked alternately
in a
move
in
tip
and
vigorous man-
may
etc.,
be effected.
sim.ple
as follows for
fasten a crank.
wood
in
a couple of
it
wood
E,
is
inch thick,
wood and
arranged to
is
iron.
fast-
At
slide either
HANUV MAN
way.
Two
the outside.
feed screw.
The
pulley
is
Fig. 212
holes around
clutch will
Fig. 211
number of
257
in the outside of
winder
will be
is
con-
will
be
258
LAliORATURY
seen that the feed screw will carry the wire to one end of the
When
coil.
the clutch
is
thrown,
it
will
in the
and the wire spool will be moved to the other end of the coil.
The wire will wind true, and the coils will have the same pitch
as the feed screw.
Two
frame for two small bolts to be used for tightening the belts.
The two string belts are placed entirely around each wheel, to
prevent slipping.
45
An
and
commercial
possibilities,
may
3 inches wide.
jar,
E, of cylindrical
gum
bands,
and two pieces of No. 30 bare copper wire, one (G) being 20,
and the other (H) 10 feet in length. These parts and materials,
together with a carbon rod
strips
Then
liberally
with
them otT
excess of graphite, and leave
stroke
strip
centrally
strip
upon
it,
Next place
in position the
MAN
IIA.NDV
strip C,
and bringing
.i.
ccnteriiiij^
Iciii^thwise in rela-
longer edges
its
it
-'59
)K^
tlusli
with
on the
G and
leaving a foot
Fig.
the rod F.
Bend
to cover
and
pressing
strips
it,
it
this
down hard
to
as a spool, roll
tightly
upon
form a hard
roll,
it
it
along,
all
of the
roll
having
Stretch two
so as to hold
all
of
its
and leave
it
exposed.
extend upwardly.
Now
merging the
roll to
fill
its top.
In some instances
it
may
be im-
26o
strips
AC
desiqnated.
The
may
battery
cell
by
cell
cell,
may
be discon-
may
to
some extent
total
energy
it
if
it
is
charged.
This device
is
in
storage battery.
\Miile
it
is
through it disintegrates a portion of the water into its two component gases. The hydrogen, being disengaged throughout the
entire length and breadth of the graphite coating carried by the
strip B, is simply absorbed or occluded within the pores of the
cloth,
and thus
in
part in
its
allotropic
form of ozone, is
strip A, holding
The
oxygen,
is
much
holding the
eager to recombine.
and a conducting
strips to the other,
is
comjileted, therefore,
jvith
is
established
not generally
known
that
if
a quantity of hydrogen
HANDY MANS
and a
to tbc
(iiiantity
same
WOUKSllOI'
AM) LAHORATORV
261
i)bysical conditions,
]-)resent
relatively
to
34
battery
closed at the
.sists
is
caps.
The
ammoniac.
The
advanta,:^es
sal
claimed
and
all
keep.
cell,
HOW TO MAKE
(diameter)
A SIMPLE DRY
BATTERY
'wur
-j^
An
cell
sults,
inex-
produce re-
caj)able of
handling a soldering
The
iriiii,
cell as
de-
scribed herein has been used for many purposes and with marvelous results by the writer, and has been used in other shapes
where economy in space w'as desired, such, for instance, as in
wireless telegraphy.
To make
is
medium
The
necessary.
262
zinc
is
LAIiORATORY
cylinder.
lacked.
zinc cap
is
])a])er.
to be well shel-
is
but
to be
in cir-
is
the best
cell is
if
procurable,
not. a
is
The chemicals
34
pound of
am-
sal
of the
cell.
fill
filled
is
a half inch
with paraffine.
copper terminal
soldered to the zinc and a heavy copper wire scraped clean and
bound about
the
experimenter's
fancy.
The
cell
herein
described,
if
con-
will register
100
about
work or
2/5 volts
It
best possible
manner by which
is
to
to proceed as follows
Bore several
Fill
or better
still,
sealing wax.
The
3^2
cell that
was
such a worn-out state as to barely "flicker" a tangent galvanometer, and subjected it to this process, after which it read and
in
HANDV man's
battery can
l)c
WOKKSIIOl'
made by
fillin.q;
AM) LAIJORATOKY
263
-f-
iUmdles of carbon
and
lOO
poles.
This
is
A
skill
lathe
in
to a screw-cutting
The motor
motor, and
of the type
is
is
known
it
wall
run
This
is
at a
now- in wide-
is
Being a four-pole
wall, if well
horse-powder.
a 50-watt
dynamo
It
work
that can
creeping
that
field
when
set
and brush-rigging.
The
field
it,
and the
264
heat.
way in which
made all alike
successful
metal can be
so
is
and rotor are punched out by maFor the amateur, however, the only-
many
irregular-shaped
pieces
of
number of
steel sheets
inside
Fig. 215
will leave a
which,
in the case
formed by
drilling
When
shown
For the
on the inside of
completed,
in Fig. 215.
This
HANDY MAN
AND LAUOUATUKV
S WOKKSIlOl'
2O5
The most
desir-
able thickness
is
somewhat
rusty.
W'hen
most
desirable,
and better
if
enough
trifle
over.
swing a piece 11 inches in diameter, the bundle of sheets may be mounted on the face-plate without further trimming; but if a 9- or lo-inch lathe is used, then
an inch or so must be clipped from the four corners of each of
the sheets. The ease with which the work of boring and turning
can be done depends very much on how firmly the sheets are
bolted to the face-plate
and if the following method is adopted,
the ''mass will behave almost as if it were a solid block.
Procure about ten pieces of stifif, hard wrapping paper, and
two flat pieces of sheet brass not less than yi inch thick, all of
them being the same size as the steel plates. Lay the face-plate
on the bench, face up, and pile on it first the paper, second one
of the brass plates, third the bundle of steel sheets, and finally the
remaining brass. Straighten up the pile as neatly as possible, and
have the centers of all the pieces coincide as nearly as may be
with the center of the face-plate. The whole must be firmly
clamped together by means of four w^ood or metal clamps, to hold
the mass while it is being drilled for the four bolts that are to
hold it on the face-plate while it is being bored and turned. To
If the lathe
is
large
to
mark
off the places for these four bolts, first find the true center
From
brass.
When
this
circle
is
if
the latter
2^
is
HANDY MAX
slots
it
will, of course,
be necessary to
is
which
nut.
When
all
it
As soon
Fig. 217
Fig. 216
TACC-PCATE
<c
Fig. 219
Fig. 218
Figs.
sot up,
the clamps
may
"Make
haste slowly"
is
Put
in the
in
working
work down
HANUV man's
is
WUKKSIlOl'
Feed the
AND LAliOKATOKV
by hand.
tool slowly
267
As each
successive plate becomes nearly cut through the tool will catch
in the
When
may
to be
removed
will be
6-}'^
Make
the bore
3^
inches.
it
will
on the brass, the one being 6ys inches in diameter and the
other 55^ inches.
These circles will form accurate guides for
laying out the permanent bolt holes and the pole pieces, in accordance with the drawing in Fig. 215.
Divide the outer circle into four equal parts, choosing points
midway between the bolt heads. If this is done, the removal of
circles
away
When
all
first
may
insertion
be
swung around on
of some
of the
3/16-inch bolts.
268
sprin.s:in,2^
The
now
plates,
in Fig.
lamincC,
tightly
dotted lines and the four small slots in the pole faces are
with a hacksaw.
The
must
4 by
made
holes can then be easily removed, thus leaving the stator plates
with a
file.
be exactly
J,s
inches thick.
the rotor core plates
is
much
is
necessary.
The work
The
of
making
material required
ilar to that
is
easier than
steel
(sim-
two copper
same
size
and
If suital)le
inch thick.
substituted.
with sheets of paper, as before, and bolt on the metal plates with
four ^8-inch bolts.
plate,
and divide
be in the way.
made
for
them
huh of the
face-plate
tai)])c(l
holes
When
On
2^
LAliOKATORV
it.
divide up this circle accurately into 37 equal parts, and mark the
points so found with a center punch. The correct spacing can
it
comes out
may appear
difficult
number
just right.
at
first
yj were an unnecessarily
that 36 might just as
not true. It has been found by
sight as
of holes to space
is
if
oft",
slots
and
if
One
would happen if the rotor were provided with only four such
slots, of somewhat larger size, or, to go to an extreme, if an iron
When the arms of
cross were to be substituted for the rotor.
this cross came opposite the four polar projections of the stator
they would be very firmly gripped by the magnetic flux, and it
would take considerable force to twist the cross out of the magAfter being twisted far enough, however, to become
netic path.
released from the attraction of the poles, the cross would move
forward with a jerk to the next favorable position. In a fourpole motor, then, the rotor must not have a number of slots
divisible by four, or it will, to a less extent, be found to turn
with little jerks that result in vibration and noise wiien the motor
is
its
starting.
Drill the 37 holes for the slots with a Xo. 3 drill, which
uf an inch in diameter, and make sure that they are deep
are finished
it
will
is
0.213
enough
may
be removed to per-
2/0
One way
to
do the clamping
many
of the
is
};j
Four
^-inch bolts
firmly.
Bore out the inside smoothly to a diameter of 2^^ inches, and
before removing the laminae from the face-plate fit three or four
wood
from
sticks
in
The
falling apart.
final
operation
is
against a grindstone.
Qean and
make
Before separating
file
tie
In Fig. 220 are shown details of the rotor shaft, spider, antl
"winding.".
The
is
a piece of
cold-rolled steel
should be held
in
tlie
lathe
This
chuck while truing up each of the
in
it
may
be sup-
inch in
3/2
The
latter, after
being
not
difificult
to
make
wood
pattern by turning
ofif
a piece of
mold, or even
in a
at
drill,
reamed
to Yz inch to
fit
the
HANDY
271
272
shaft,
If
and secured
to the latter
steel pin.
be adopted, there
right on the shaft
is
itself,
must be turned
The
it
and a diam-
On
to shake.
to
make
it
on
enough
as light as possible
and
to
keep
it
all
balanced.
over,
The rim
needs to be about 3/32 inch thick, and the arms and the hub
about 3/16 inch thick. The six holes shown at A in Fig. 220 are
not merely for ornament, but are to allow of air passing through
the machine for ventilation.
it
Clean
with a knife.
The middle
portions
may
be
left as
worth while to glue on a wrapping of thin paper to insulate the inductors from too much conInsert the wires in the slots and rivet all
tact inside the slots.
the projecting ends by tapping lightly with a hammer until each
one is expanded enough to prevent its dropping out. The inductors are next to be soldered to the end plates, to make good electrical contact all around.
To do this, stand the rotor up on end,
and apply some good quality soldering salts or paste to the riveted
heads, end plates, and spider. Use a hot soldering copper, and
apply the solder very generously so as to bury all the rivet heads
out of sight. When both ends have been thus treated, place in the
lathe again and true up the soldered rings by turning off the
if
it is
)kV
2/3
is
out of balance
it
will,
Make
mark
at this place,
any position
in
which
it
may
lie
injury.
is
much
cheaper.
In
and
in the
if
be
The four
all
finished in
bolts passing
HANDY MAN
2/4
to
have suitable
feet cast
is
keep
it
If the lathe
cool.
it is
on which
a good plan to
it is
now been
may
be
to be used.
^Z'
Fig.
221 Cotton
damper
Fig. 222
Coil winding
form
HANDY MAX
acloi)tccl,
S \V(_)RKSI101'
AND LAliOKATOKV
275
bolt
and revolved
Fig. 223
and
Coil
The central
made of a piece
chuck.
best
in the lathe
it
the block
all
bolt
head
in the
coil
block,
these fix
by gripping the
in
each of
must be very
its
coils.
The
four corners of
2/6
first
magnet wire
Each coil is to have 165 turns,
put on in close, even layers. The number of turns is so important that it is not well to trust to the mind to keep tally while
winding. Set the gears to feed at some convenient rate, say ten
is
single cotton-covered
coils.
threads per inch, and run the tool carriage to the extreme right-
hand end of the bed and make a chalk mark on the bed at that
Then, when the winding is started, throw in the screw
feed, and the movement of the carriage to the left of the chalk
])osition.
mark
will
the winding,
it
is
is
Before beginning
coil
may
coming
be afterward
apart.
For
this
to be
-//^
inner end, or terminal, black for the purpose of easy identification later on.
coil, tie
remove the
blocks.
there as sliowii.
Whore
llie
AM)
LAl'.OUA ^()K^
-77
The
final
assembly
is
next in order.
Fig. 224
The
The
by
their
four
coils are to
be
the
2/8
F-AItORATOUV
If the coils
there.
The
One way
to
make
do
the
this
is
Beginning
at
Do
is
mounted
When
the winding or
connections
lie
its
connections
much
is
not
line.
no part of
If any
pieces of tape under them
pinched or groimded.
in its
Perfect insulation
is
much more
necessary in
alternating-current
circuit
harm on
MAN
IIAXDV
mendous currents
entire coil
WOKKSIIOI'
arc set up
in
I.AIIOKA
r<
)KV
279
is
The two
two pieces
may
be attached to
ing-current mains.
much
to the casing,
shown
in the
to attach
is
No
and washers.
No
starting
box
is
An
is all
that
is
needed.
The
ordirotor,
rent at
no
volts available,
a lower voltage
is
size
many
difficulties arise.
The
dry
is
cells for
wound
to a
run
down
rapidly,
it
to
make
use of
28o
MAX
IIA.NDV
WOKKSIK)!'
AND LAliORATOKY
As
it
all
times,
was important
the-
that as
little
current
i^
inches wide, to
number of pieces
cut to make two
make two
piles,
I''ij<.
225
corner of the
on several layers, but not covering the outer ends for a space of
i^
inches.
was
the angle
The secondary
650
feet of
man's
IIANDN-
same manner
sidr,
VVOKKSIIOI'
or
1,130
WD
feet
I.A lu )K AlOUN"
altoj^a'ther,
wound
281
in
the
The primary
knobs.
in series, the
connected to the
coil,
of the first and last windings, giving a length of 100 feet of wire,
Iloth
and a decrease of resistance due to the mass of coi)per.
methods of connecting worked well, the series connecting giving
T4 volts and about 5 amperes, and the parallel 7 volts and about
10 am])eres. T'^or the particular ])urpose for which this was constructed,
it
when
it
is
is
heating, even
when
the secondary
is
closed,
and
])ractically
little
none
open.
was found advisable "to change the winding of the electrf)magnet that strikes the gong, owing to the counter electro-motive
force generated in it by the alternating current, and it was
rewound with 60 feet of No. 17 double cotton magnet wire. Its
Tt
cores were about -Ts inch in diameter, and 2^/2 inches long.
is well to remember that in operating electro-magnets with the
It
choking
effect
282
etc.,
it
may
be
made
in the
Make
core 7 inches long and i^^j inches wide, and 5 inches long and i^
inches wide, and of such quantity that they will make two piles
in
before,
and assemble,
Wind
etc.
with
Clamp
shellac.
the
two
in this case
sides
together,
as
in
the
mount
first
to
It will l)e
wound over
it,
the
is
put on
283
it
may
if
Pieces of fiber or
is
made
in
amount of iron
in
it
wood may
be
holding the
were.
It
is
made
is
to pass
coils
but in
amount of wire
the windings may be on
being
the
'
of 60 cycles.
uses very
The one
little
first
described,
when
the secondary
is
open,
candle-power lamp.
described transformer
is
of the last-
99
known
them
through a suitable
By
no
volts
charg-
can be
284
HANUV MAN
at
home with
small
results.
There are two parts to the required apparatus the autotransformer for reducing the voltage of the line from 1 10 to that
required by the battery, and the electrolytic cell for rectifying
the current or causing it to pass always in the same direction.
The autotransformer is shown by the drawings in Fig. 226. It
consists of a single coil of magnet wire wound on a rectangular
wooden
spool, inside of
which a l)undle of
Fig. 226
ward placed
to
form a
The
core.
steel
strips
is
made
of well-
after-
autotrausformer
The
spool
is
best
When
fit
285
and
tube,
braced by a few wire nails driven into them from the inside, the
whole will form a strong spool having a space 3 inches long
so that connections
On
may
numbers
to
This
is
three pounds,
wound on
to be
all
in
one piece,
will
about
gresses.
It
is
.When
make
The
core
steel cut
is
to be
made
One
sixty-fourth inch
is
a desirable
About
286
lengths varying
all
way from
the
ii
up
L.ABORATORY
to 21 inches long.
Insert
by one. putting in
nearest where the terminals are
Enough
opposite side.
snugly.
strips should
it
be used to
fill
at
the
up the hole
them from each other, but if they are clean and bright it is
a good plan to insert an occasional strip of paper so as to divide
the core up into groups of half a dozen sheets each.
The strips must next be bent around, one at a time, so that
their ends meet at the side of the coil opposite the terminals.
late
Trim
off the
The
joints."
su]:)ported
inch
])ieces
good
size is
on the outside, and solder the seams heavily with ordinary solder.
Do
exposed to the
air.
HANDY MAN
The
best
way
to
do
287
this is to drill
a small hole through each rod near one end, and then insert the
is
down
the
tightly pinched.
until
itself
holes.
/3^
^
-^
-4q
Fig. 227
To make up
the liquid for the cell, put two pounds of crystalsodium phosphate in the tank, and fill up the latter with
about one gallon of lukewarm (not hot) water or enough to fill
it to an inch from the top.
Stir with a stick until the salt is
dissolved, and then adjust the aluminium rods so that they dip
lized
set
at
work
the rods
must be
This has to be formed by the alterfor which purpose the rods may be tem-
nating current
itself,
in the
288
HANDY MAN
diagram
must be used
a
in Fig. 228.
first
After half
to prevent too
minute
much
this resistance
may
ohms
first.
be gradually reduced to
The windings
rr
L^
RecT/r/c/^
Fig. 228
CHARSIf^Q dATrCRr.,
that when connected to 110 volts about 2j/ amperes will How
through a six-volt, sixty-ampere-hour battery. This low rate of
charging contributes to long life of the battery, and at the same
time minimizes the amount of attention necessary in charging,
since an overcharge at low
rate
does very
little
harm.
With
After about
fifty
phosphate solution
full
and
in
good order.
become exhausted.
This
will be indicated
first
MAN
liANDV
and
It
coil.
WORKSllOP AND
2S9
an emergency.
in
tery
it
if
necessary,
In
may
rents
heating unless
about one
of
resistance
ohm
be con-
tery.95
HOME-MADE ADJUSTABLE
SOCKET FOR TUNGSTEN LAMPS
The
lustration
way
ple
ilaccompanying
shows a very sim-
of
making an ad-
lamps,
in
will tend to
ularly of
cage
of
is
hang perpendic-
own weight. A
made consisting
or more prongs,
its
first
three
brazed to a
is
split ring,
et.
which
lamp sock-
similar cage
is
made
to slip
plug.
also
])ast
long
enough
to extend
'^
^
the center of a solid rub-
,.
Fig. ^^
229 Adjustable socket*rfor
x?-,
tungsten lamps
HANDY
290
MA.n's
ball,
ball
may
lamp rheostat
is
poses
when
available.
ficiently to
they
\\'here
are
watched
may
be held
fire,
in place
by
suf-
Edinails,
The
proper position
is
The edge
of the
The wires
to cither
and
230 A simple
lamp receptacle
lo-
They are
twisted
Fig.
nails
IIA.NDV
291
up
until contact
is
made with
a nail B.
at the
same time
that
it
if
touches C.
54
to
use
open-circuit cells on short lines, but find that they are unable to
call
(keeping closed)
their
own
But when the keys are closed the cells are polarized, and
are soon worthless.
The simple arrangement shown in the
key.
50UNDLR
ll
tint wi'rc
.1.1
'
-21
=p
or ground
MEVS ALWVS
LINE
Fig. 231
Wipe
operated.
Any number
when
of additional instruments
in the
may
diagram.
be put on
94
many
cently appeared
wire.
cost.
if
the
German
silver is
292
AND LAUORATOKV
Bal-
hold
up the
scale
ance
is
With copper
this
change of
it
is
small.
resist-
11
by private telephone
Telegraphy is a fascinating study to boys.
To those who contemplate the erection of a private telephone or
telegraph line it may be informing for tnem to examine these
In fact, the plans are
designs of two ways of bracing poles.
worthy of any farmer's attention who uses poles for any purpose
to unite their neighbors' houses with theirs
or telegraph lines.
HANDY MAN
293
large,
The perpendicular
the ground.
braces, coupled at
the top by
of the pole.
The
Strang-e as
may
appear,
they tend to
The
it
lift
when
it
Perhaps
Fig. 232
dren
have observed
chil-
their
swing
poles,
when braced by
by swinging.
recommended
well proportioned,
is
to be
the parts
in
As
indicated at 2 cement
may be
substituted for
wooden braces
bend of the
cement.
line
it
be necessary,
may
be used
HANDV MAX
294
One
is
portrayed in Fig.
ground
into the
3.
to give the
jt^oocI
toe of
way
cement
cement a "grip."
of bracing such
may
If
be extended
it
is
required
to
a cement binding.
By either of these methods, a private line of telephone or telegraph wires can be maintained against the blasts of Boreas himself, whether the old mythological god blows hot or cold, hard
or easy.
One
A SIMPLE
is
that
it
^i
'T
11
f Wilililil
IWI
^i^
iiw
H'^
MMEf
2".
i.
"T
1
Fig- 233
MAN
IIAXDV
AND
WOUKSIIOI'
LAi'.OUA ^C)K^"
295
shown
in Fig.
cut
each
hole
of
is
a
and tapered
standards
the
drilled
The
end of each
must also be
drilled and tapped to receive a machine screw, by
which it is fastened to the
other
standard
The
base.
positions of the
The
smaller
rods
are
holes
on
with
the
the
drawing.
or
pressure
screwed
the
the
in
standards,
untapped
ends
thumb
The binding
fit
the
on them.
posts
the base,
and
To make
^^-inch lengths.
One-inch disks of
is
cut in
other metals are cut out, and at the exact center of each
is
sol-
HANUV MAX
296
When
it is
its
slif
ped over
the ends of the rods, a crystal placed between them, and the rods
iMfT.
others that
235
in place.
most common
produce excellent
crystals,
results.
many
38
AN ELECTROLYTIC DETECTOR
make a wireless detector have
when it came to deciding on a
Of course, there are many amateurs who like to
types, but it is for those who desire to make but
to
make
several
Of
all
the
modem
carborundum, magnetic,
first place.
very
little
wireless
silicon,
the
the
detectors
audion
electrolytic,
electrolytic
is
the
given
detectors being of the crystal type are fairly sensitive when correctly adjusted, but it is very hard to strike the maximum sensitive point.
because
it
HANDY MAX
WORKSIIOI'
AND
is
The
)K\'
-"J7
sensitive.
size of the
workmanship
and
displayed in
making
tector.
s^-ood
accuracy
the
de-
and
shown
photograph
drawing of
this type is
herewith,
the
lines
LA1;()RAT(
cross-section
The
is
made from a
piece of brass
34 inch square
drilled in each
long.
hole
is
rod
i-)4
J/^-inch brass
inches long
is
threaded
It is
impor-
A
is
fit
Fig. 236
square
Plan,
side
and sectional
to be
arm
The
HAXDV MAX
298
screw.
3s"F.ou?o
M17
Squads
51
la
1 -g-'r
^TAP
_L-, Sk
^1
-1^
^ ROOMO
^
I
tH^T'***
fe^-
Fig.
nut,
which
may
l.^e
237 Details
of the detector
cell, is fitted
HANDV MAX
made wide
is
permit
enoiig^h
being
its
WORKSHOP AND
LA!!C)KATORV
to
fastened
E E\
are
to
00
rubber, and
may
299
D<rTcclof
be turned
The
of
standard,
A.
shown at F,
caa be made from a brass
small spring,
Fig. 23S
wire.
If
may
is
preferred,
it
be
good
very
work very
Of
and
is
will
delicately indeed.
finer
will
size,
work
also,
detector
and other
details
may
be
the
Fig. 239-General^x.e^^^^^^ the electro-
The
shown in
maker.
tions are
^^.^^^^^^^^^ ^..^_
^^^^
connecthe small
^
,^^.^^,
HAXDY MAX
50O
the phones,
the bat-
38
as
tollows
first
is
selected fruni
inch
thick.
all
etc.
pressing against
Two wooden
in diameter
is
it.
IIANDN' MAN" S
aiul
fit
(Irfll
WOK KS
1( )l'
AM)
I,
AIIOKA
and one
.V"
Tc )i;\
in
the center to
Place in position on
it
true.
each corner.
III1
1
f
\^u ^
f
/,.^
Fig. 240
y//,
2^
<e-i
t / f
1>^
,,,,,,
, ^ ,
Fig. 241
very useful for passing the screws into place through the open
work of the clock frame.
The clockwork
is
Stove bolts
passed through open parts in the frame from the bottom of the
baseboard and
best
method
fitted
of doing this.
IIANDV
302
MAX
WOKKSllUl'
AND
LAl'.OKA
r(l{V
wood
soft
inches
less
between the top of the baseboard and the under side of the
mounted disk. The remaining disk is now fitted with a brass
bushing and a i-inch round-head brass screw selected to fit the
hole in the bushing nicely, and passed through
wood
of
it
one under the screw head (Fig. 241). Fasten the block to the
baseboard in a position so that the distance between centers of
the disk shall be 12 inches.
coils should now be
Obtain a piece of annealed glass tubing,
wound and
adjusted.
Fig. 242
and
'4
inc^''
just long
slightly
to
smooth the
external diameter.
enough
is
good plan
to
The wire
necting.
The
coil
Over
and allow
to
a space of
1J/2
drw
HANDY MAN
of V4-inch soft
wood
ij/j
and
l..\l!(
inches in diameter
WUKKSHOP AM)
jRATOltY
(Im.H'.
242).
3^3
The
them
in place.
hole
over
fit
They
hich apart.
When
them
is
wound
full
in ])lace
Tube and
are
coils
now
Fig. 243
Fix
this
Procure a small
permanent magnet of the horseshoe variety, and mount it on the
block in such a position that its north pole will be pointing directly
in
ondary
coil
If the disk
it
its
left
mercial instrument
is
fitted
HAXDV MAX
304
ing-.
ence
in
coil,
is
so shght as to be
unnoticeable.
Fig.
now come
difficult
The wire
wire.
of which the
band
is
and 4 inches or
5 inches wide.
Fig. 245
Removing the
made
is
Drive two
nails to a depth of
wooden
disks,
when meas-
one direction
coil of \\ire.
that
When
is,
so as to inclose the
the total
number
two
nails in a
narrow
IIAXDV
MAX
WORKSIlOl'
is
AM)
l.ADOUATOliN
305
Fig. 246
still
on
it,
from the ends of the band, being careful not to disturl) the loops
formed by them. Thread the band through the glass tube, passing it around both pulleys and bringing the ends together between
them. The two ends are linked together by threading a separate
piece of the iron wire through and through them (Fig. 246),
drawing tight after each threading, and connecting the ends of
the wire by tying or twisting, as in the case of the band.
This completes the working parts of the detector, and any
casing may be fitted to it and finished according to the ideas of
the operator.
Fig. 247
instrument
it
is
General view
made by
and'protect the working parts from dust and injury (Fig. 247).
The ends of the primary coil are brought to binding posts in
HANDY
3o6
:man"s
stem
will be noticed
in
a great inconvenience that can be remedied only by gears or ratchets but this
is
is
in
addition to
in
its
with
alternating currents.
A
able.
Owing
is
suit-
an alternating-current
If the
circuit of
motor
about
no
is
to be connected
volts,
it
is
neces-
purpose.
The
this
motor may be
voltage of the
full
HANDY MAN
WORKSllOl'
AND LAUOKATOUY
307
if
ten of
capacity,
remember
supplied with
its
that each
rated voltage.
j/2
ampere when
will
be
lamp rheostat.
Make the connections to the motor with all of the lamps turned
ofif, and start by turning on the lamps until the motor receives
sufficient current.
Do not turn on so many lamps that the
motor attains an excessive speed or temperature.
less
is in
or a reactance
coil
When
the
motor
is in
motor
is
With
it
may
be operated as an alternating-current
way
that
motor.
is
sponding to the positive and negative sets of brushes in a directbeing insulated from one another, they are
connected together. To run the motor as a repulsion motor, it
current machine)
will
If they
cannot be
3oS
MAX
IIAXDV
000 00 00
Lo^mp
KKccstat.
Fig 24S
Co m m iftator:
Field Winding.
Lamp Rheostat
Fi'j.
249
Commuto-tor',
f-ict.^
Winclin<
5SS) ^ ES
Lamp
Kncostat.
Fig. 250
Figs. 24S to 251
Lamp
Rfieoi tat.
Fig. 251
IIAXDV
field
MAN
S VVOKKSHOl'
AM)
I.AIJOKA
309
tJliV
The inverted
is
is
To
short-circuited.
Fig.
250) connect together the two ends of the field winding and
supply current to the armature. As was the case with the repulsion motor,
it
is
is
found.
to the
them
commutator
until the
at
two
proper posi-
is
supplied to the
having short-circuited
To
coils,
make
equally
w^ell in either
direction
when once
started.
it
so.
motor
When
will
run
Start by giv-
54
AN ELECTRICAL PARADOX
With comparatively little apparatus, it is possible, apparently,
Ohm's law at naught by lighting an ordinary electric light
to set
on
310
llAXDV
MAX
S W'OKKSIlOl'
AND
I.AliOKA'IOKV
a heavy short
circuit.
iuduction
coil,
All
that
is
recjuired
it.
is
medium-size
a glass condenser
If the
now
connected as
IIA.NDN'
MAN
WdKKSlKtl'
until full
candk'-pdwcr
out
frt)ni
excessive current.
ing
if
is
AND
I.
A lUiK A lOU V
reached, otherwise
The experiment
is
it
is
ini.^ht
311
he huriied
])articularly strik-
small gage of wire should then he used for leads for the lamp,
for, curiously
enough, a
fine piece of
it
altogether.
That
more
facility
is,
than
The
brass wire
may
it
its
conducts
is
electrical
ary
From
electric currents.
the beha'^ior of
it
can
lamp
is
still
proportional to a
ferent nature.
dif-
lamp
is
studied experimentally
is
it
will be
found
not proportional
is more nearly
That is to say,
this resistance is a matter of perimeter and not
of cross-sectional area, and since the current
flows over the wire and not through it, hol-
48
MAX
IIAXDV
312
are as follows:
inch thick,
a piece of thin
mica 6 by 12 inches,
'4
cell
i
i6
nuts,
a piece of glass
about 3 by 3 inches.
From the brass cut 40 pieces 3 inches long, and drill a hole to
take the bolts yi inch from one end. Also make up 39 washers
same with
the
Xow
cell.
slide
and smooth.
4^
inch from
machine screws, and
bend up 3/[ inch of each end. Use this piece to clamp the two
sections together in the center,, being careful to insulate it from
Take another
each end
drill
inches long
to take the
them.
the brass over a flame imtil the selenium melts freely, then rub
If the brass
is
too hot
it
if
burn
off.
Xow
bake the
cell in
smooth coating.
air.
Then
MAN
IIA.NDY
Make
S WUKKSllOl'
AND
LA1J(JKAT<)1{
cell in this
in
with
The
313
cell is
now
complete.
The advantages
it is
top surface of the brass strips perfectly smooth, and, as the insulation
is
ing the
strips,
is
of mica, there
cell.
and
it
is
is
no danger of burning
it
and thus
spoil-
It
is
-69
cell
CHAPTER
VII.
To make
a music stand or
Nevertheless, a novice,
working
tools
is
be able to
will
concerned,
make one by
down.
lai-d
The
it
will
which
to
intended to be put.
If
If intended for
size.
table,
for
smaller
size
the
be
Tlie
only eighteen
same
inches,
as the width.
board
should
be
one
and
one-eighth
free
other defects.
oak, or
inches
thick,
Either walnut,
mahogany
will do.
or carpenter's shop.
elevation, these cuts
but to witliin two inches of each other, at the center of the timber.
liANDV
MAX
S WOKKSllOl'
cut, the
AM) LAKOKAIOKV
to mark five
The four short
next step
Fig-.
is
257.
3'
equallyvertical
joining them at
lines,
way
cut with a
flat chisel, at
center,
down
shown
Fig. 255
The board
the
The board
is cut to within
inches of the center
is
now
Fig. 256
A puzzling bit of
woodwork
alternately, as clearly
shown
in Fig.
254-
The lower
sired,
may
be ornamented as
may
be de-
The
whole must be sandpapered down, first with rough and then with
fine ])aper, and afterward varnisiied or stained.
To
which
in a certain ])osition.
is
HANDY MAN
,i6
at the other.
wall
made
If
as
shown
Fig. 257
is
cut
two
the
all
traces of
most wary.
saw
wood
If the
is
illustrations
crate,
used
crate such as
shown
in
The
from any
sides
HANDY MAX
To
3'7
and the
slats,
Fig. 258
^^H- 259
Artistic possibilities in
au onion crate
3i8
nails,
as
While
the slats are fairly well planed, the appearance of the article can
trifle
Xow
may
be a
maker.
maple, and with a small punch, any shape, punch out the outlines
of the design as closely as possible. After this the blank is turned
over and laid on a piece of soft iron, and with a small prick punch
a
in
it
the design.
make
the blanks
gether.
stiff
(Fig. 260).
Now
may
be
made and
fastened
at the corners, giving the impression that the several blanks are
place between the glass and the frame a color screen of colored
gelatin or celluloid.
Different colors
may be
IIA.NIJV
side
by
I.AJUJKATOltY
supposed to represent.
For
instance,
Fig. 261
design
is
if
Fig.
319
sides of the
cherries,
lamp
When the glass is finally put in place, the pieces of metal soldered on the inside of the shade are now turned over, so ,as to
hold the glass in place. Care should be taken that the glass does
not
fit
too tightly.
Always give
it
more or
string of beads
less
may
room
to allow
be fastened to the
HAXDV MAX
320
The
sliadc
may be made
used.
The
is
color
Another pretty effect may be obtwo blanks of white Bristol board, without any
perforation, and instead of the color screen, place between the
sheets some pressed flowers, leaves, o^rasses. or the like.
bound
tained by usinc^
made
as follows
and
The ma-
l*"ig.
the work.
262
If the
A lamp-shade of
shade
is
it
to be quite large
is
To make
to.
contain glass
/64-inch brass
and
it
is
is
more
desirable.
necessary
first
to
draw
the brass,
liANUV
an outline of ihc
With a heavy
brass, but
WOKKSIlor AND
should be
i);iUcrn
[)air
I.AllOKA TOItV
made with
to
3-'
is
it
MAN
nitric acid.
The
neatest
way
should
be drawn ui)on the brass pattern with a soft pencil. Then the
While the shade is still
pattern should be heated over a stove.
wax
The
hot a piece of
of the brass.
thin
wax
or ordinary candle
When
coating.
is
The
The shade
The
is
is
is
The
lamp,
in
the
are
same way.
much expense
and
electric,
shades
drop-light
made
Without
or trouble these
by
placing
different
colored
g6
to
usually bring
a j)retty
little
Washington
greenbacks.
It
is
not generally
Accompanying
of photographs
this is a series
.showing the
I'ik.
Z22
IIAXDV
MAX
HANDY MAN
waste newspapers
a
some experiments
of
result
with
into small
pieces,
With
pulp
this
ble to decorate
tive
produced
by
tearing*
making them
into pulp
for
by the
is
possi-
is
boxes so as to
them
transform
it
pulp
3^3
attrac-
into
comchimney
mold dainty
mon
into
jars
jelly
ornaments and
to
There
is
no mystery about
The simple
the process.
story
mak-
which
photographs,
are
so
papers
wash tub
small
into
These were
left
pieces.
to soak in a
for a night.
They
Fig. 265
3-^4
mixing
Tn
success.
fashion
tliis
it
was then
was not difficult
tried,
to
it
was
painted, as
child
with
found
to
the
candle,
make a most
little
which
was
attractive orna-
ment
some
requires
pretty
ornament
laljle
in
Handy
in
ORNAMENT
the shape of a
small automatic
every
But
talent.
almost sure to be
is
reach of
Alan.
The
it
does, continuously.
dimension has no
effect
on the
result.
It
is
must be
The upper
air-tight.
one. A,
pipe
is
which separates
and
jet.
has an opening
and
in
C.
The
it.
In the center
partition
is formed
and there extends into this cup a small pipe, G. which passes
through the upper partition of compartment B and projects slightAll joints should be solly alcove the upper edge of the shell.
dered tight.
The
is
principle of o]:)cration
at the point
filled
with water.
is
as follows:
The
open-
is
IIAXDN' MA.N S \V(JKKSJ1<)1'
AMJ
l.Al;()KAT01{Y
325
/f
Fig. 267
into the
The
side,
pipe
into the
cup F.
smoothly, that
The
is
at
without burrs.
attached to pipe
of water.
with a deflector,
/,
21
llAXDV
326
MAX
is
usually wasted.
hung on
But
it
Two
The hanger
is
so placed
provided
with
one of which
is
pulleys
a double
pulley to receive
its
own
The cords
ley as well.
l)ort
other
shirtwaists
garments,
alongside
the
or
one
other,
The cords
are fastened
end
and
are
provided
Fig. 26S
clothes closet
loop
when caught on
the
door casing.
One
in its highest
I'he
cords.
40
One
at will
by operating the
IIANDV
MAN
To overcome
may be used
the floor.
Fig. 269
in
this
must
wei.G^ht alon.^
arrangement shown
difiicuUy the
This consists
own
his
ch'ag"
327
in
room
such a
in
way
that
the operator can stand to one side and by depressing the brace
different sizes.
It consists
The
it
can be used
^i/s-inch
bolts
in
1J/2
In
Fig. 269
room
padded with
cloth, as
shown.
it
will
draw out
the tacks
is
clearly
that
if
shown
in
not properly
side of the
room.
making rag
into a long string or rope by stitching the ends together with cot-
HANDY
328
MA.N
WOKKSliUl'
AND LABCJKATOKY
To
and
heating
in the fire
it
Make
steel.
either turn
first,
it
up
or
little
made
at right
drill
<
^
Fig. 270
To sew
upon
way
flat
little
through.
and
Two
It
it
will be
satisfactory.
the table
as
IIANDN'
follows:
MAN
S WdRKSIliil-
I30X nicasurint;
34^^
AM)
I.AIW IRA'KJlIV
3-'y
wide, and
it
After
place, a
bed of newspapers
of 4 inches.
The
false
bottom
made
into
fit
tween
centers.
To
facilitate
may
be left
the
to the
in the cutting
Fig. 271
Cross-section through
one of the zinc cylinders
HANDY MAX
330
Fig. 272
boilin,2:
They
better).
shown
90
so
popular and its advantages so well known that it is hardly necessary to call attention to them. One serious drawback to its general use,
first
fore
however,
is
but in
is
warm weather
it
must
])oint
Wherever
there
is
it
is
IIANDV
MAX
WOKKSIIOl'
AXD LAIJOUATOUY
33
its
as shown in the sectional view, where A is an ordinary stone crock with cover, imbedded in a suitable heat-insulating packing, B, such as mineral wool, and covered with a mattress, C, of the same material, the whole being contained in the
wood box, D, having a hinged cover, E. For an average-sized
cooker an ordinary four-gallon stone crock, which measures io^<2
inches in diameter inside by about the same in height, will be
found to be well adapted to the purpose.
may
be
made
To make
circuit of
about
no
Such a
and
after allowing
closely
likely to
be uneven.
After finding
slip
it to a length of
This will separate the individual turns of wire
so that they look something like Fig. 273, H.
about
five feet.
The support
made
this
case about
ioj4
inches.
If
the
asbestos
or
magnesia
HANDY MAN
332
Then porce-
each about
inch in diameter by
JC
Fig. 273
coil
up against the
to be out of the
the porcelains.
pole knife-switch
The
way
The
outer ends
mounted on the
electrical connections
substantial character.
Do
may
to the
not try to
be attached to a double-
must be of a
connect the cooker to a lamp
house
neither
circuit
will
no baseboard receptacle has been provided in the kitchen, wire all the way back to the panelboard with No. 14 rubber-
safely.
Tf
IIANDV
MAX
WOKKSUor AM)
well to
remember
occasionallv,
so
that
that
easilv disconncctin;^
it
it
is
])air
I.AI'.OKAI
)1;N'
will be
333
It
necessary to
worth while
tn
it.
'\rii<mimmmimm{mmmmm
-un
Fig. 274
-C3
l_Jl_J"
is
very simple.
of suitable
sizfr
and placed on the heater in the bottom of the crock, after which
everything is closed up tightly. The current is then turned on
for ten to twenty minutes, depending on the quantity and kind
of food to be cooked, after which the cooker will keep hot for
several hours.
A little experience soon teaches one how long
to keep the current on, and then the whole operation becomes
MAX
IIAXDV
334
egg
the cooking of
it
roast meats
in
well
is
to
ai)ply
the
In
current a
second time for two or three minutes after an hour has elapsed.
No danger of fire is to be anticipated from a cooker made and
installed as described, but
were
ing
to forget to turn
coil
oti'
it
is
if one
and the heat-
j/s
and a very small whistle. Arrange the tube so that one end
opens into the crock alongside of one of the connecting wires
while the other end passes out through the wood case. To the
outer end solder the whistle in such a manner that it will be
blown by steam escaping from the crock. W'hh this device in
working order, if the current be left on too long, the steam escaping from the food will sound the alarm in good time. 95
from
last
several different
five to six
By
class of luxuries.
The
essential
principle involved
is
to
will
be
it
heat or cold.
air,
except
t)i
at the
'
even
HANDY MAN
approaches a vacuum
335
by
usin|u^
felt,
and cotton
wool.
tion
be
portable,
made
as light
possible.
It
cylinder
an outer
and therefore
and compact as
of
consists
box
having
them
filled
which
is
The
tress or cushion E.
tle
must
in all cases
bot-
be pro-
prevent
to
tents,
the
spilling
what
and,
is
con-
equally
The
bottle
may
The
Fig. 275.
from four
is
not necessary
to six inches.
it
In
Made
to keep
depended upon
and
its
composition.
95
HAXDV MAX
33^'
ICELESS REFRIGERATION
While the mad race for supremacy between the mercury and
price of ice is on much comfort can be taken in the fact
that there are other methods of keeping victuals cool besides
that of meltings ice in an ice box.
If in changing from the
solid to the liquid state water absorljs sufficient heat to keep an
ice box cool, it is equally true that a change from the liquid to
the gaseous state will result in refrigeration, provided, of course,
the rate of vaporization keeps pace with the heat which enters
the ice
tions
it
Fig. 276
box from the outside atmosphere. Under proper condiis possible by this method to maintain a sufficiently low
Refrigerator complete
with tank uncovered
temperature
in
the ice
box
Fig. 277
Cloth
removed
to
show
to preserve food
is illus-
removed.
The
The frame
fastencfl
./
thereto.
The door E
E\
Slots
box has
its
is
a trough
own trough
is
sec-
to re-
MAX
IIAXDV
S W'OKKSllOl'
AND
LAJIOKAICJKV
The cover
made up
ably
2>i7
is
prefer-
jammed
tightly through
The door
with
its
own
is
provided
section
of
cheesecloth, as indicated in
the illustration.
tion
the
water
CfitcscCJolh
ChccJiC (UatJl
In opera-
from
the
traction
Cross-sectioiial view of
Fig. 278
refrigerator
may
be regu-
by the tightness
is stufifed
into the
slots G.
The box
is
window on
It is
advisable to
make
the
window opening,
the
free
passage
all
much
'>'!.'>'>.'/'f}>}X >'>. >'>.}!
Fig. 279
How to keep a
of which
is
heat,
box
HANDY MAN
338
shown
milk
in Fig. 279.
individual
bottle.
its
upper end
saucer,
jammed
is
The milk
cool an
directly
into a slot in
bottle
placed in a
is
is
is
well adapted to
sufficiently, the
may
trough
drawn up therefrom by
be also
filled,
capillary attraction.
and
90
Procure a round
tin
made
as follows
This
it.
It is
part of the
if
the can
felt,
the
is
work be
heat generated
in
the
cof-
An electric
Fig. 2S0
cofTee pot
by the
boil
air that
water
in
it
will
be impossible to
it.
escape.
and
tlie
HANDY MAN
S \V(JRKSII01'
AND LABORATORY
IkjIcs drilled
in
339
purpose.
very easy to
jG^et
a short circuit
where
all
it
steam.
When
that
is
tried out
from the
Fig. 281
put
it
out,
is
Double-bottomed
The accompanying
avoid
false
this.
broiling pan
fiercely,
the oven,
illustration
made
and many
eftorts to
fail.
bottom,
As a
is
to
placed a perforated
of any thickness.
The
edges are turned down, say one quarter of an inch, forming supports for the bottom. This false bottom should be nearly of the
same
On
HAXDV MAX
340
fire,
as
it
is
Xo
down through
how hot
matter
])rotected
the perfora-
the
fire,
the
easily be
suet in
When
by reason of
Fig. 2S2
agency, the
worry.
little
device
])in.
wliereby
it
is
llAXnV MAN"
shaped brass
piece.
The
34I
is
and a nut.
shows how the device
fit
The
ture
fitted
t(j
l)carin<T^
illustration
is
is
applied.
ter is
hole.
swing
The screw
it
clears
HOW TO MEND A
An
is
CAST-IRON BOILER
is
let in
suddenly.
fire
level,
The
and render
The
leak
First cool
is
ofif
will
rust
as
good
way
MAX
IIAXDY
342
as before.
mended
boilers
in this
When
the boiler has thns been mended, open partly the feed-
time draw
oflf
the water
or less
is
not drawn
off, it will
off
iron radiator; but as a rule, after a short time, the fault needs
mending
again.
much
better
is
Fig. 2S4
Plugging a hole
with copper wire
Fig. 283
way
Stopping
up a
copper.
preferably
with another
drill,
same hole
flat,
little
ground
deeper.
little
It will
out of center,
HANDV MAX
WORKSHOP AM)
LA I'.OKATOK V
^^4,^
Care
last drill has made the hole somewhat larger at the Ixjttom.
should be taken not to drill in too deep or through, as there will
be nothing to rivet against.
Now
take
piece
copper
of
wire,
Cut
it
off
anneal
it,
so that
it
and
file
will
fit
or
the
fill
and form
As
number of
If a
crack
make
to be fixed,
is
the
then a
Then
these holes
are plugged, and another set of holes are drilled between the
first
ones, cutting
plugs as well.
scribed.
is
It will
all
away and
are plugged
as
before
de-
work
kxDse
or
come
rivet
out,
is
desired.
may
be used,
is
fire
This object can be obtained by the use of the arrangement illustrated herewith.
It consists of material which can be i)rocured
at any plumber's and costs very little.
'i'hree -^s-inch ])ipe
nipples A, three
one v^-inch plug I), and three standard ^, x i inch air mixers or
tees E, such as are usually used in vulcanizers, form a list of
the fittings necessary.
IIANDV
344
MAX
The
tees
outlet
Cpafc
^%
VVA
WJA
V,/A
Vi
v'/
Section through
range showing lighter
Fig. 2S5
Fig. 286
lighter
in place
two or three
To
will be sufficient.
light the fire, the burners are placed in the ashpit, close to the
grates,
full
The
space.
78
REPLACING A FIREPOT
efiuiiijied
witli
fireplace
heater have
probably found
tliat
after a
HANDY MAN
To
]xit
WORKSHOP AND
in a
new
new
l.A
noRAI'i
one,
it
due
jjlace,
)1;
345
necessary to
is
to the
warping
To have
practice
the bolts
is
take
the
is
in
is
expensive, as the
sections
by removing
dimensions as to prohibit
ring
work
heater apart
admission
is
of such
This
provided with recesses to engage the projections or pins C
on the under
its
in front of heater.
Fig. 2S7
Replacing
a firepot
are
nowadays arranged
still
require the
HAXnV MAX
346
dawn
before
comfortably
and
bility
warm
fatigue,
by breakfast time.
if
is
if
is
Undoubtedly much
to
be
irrita-
Fig.
28S Drafts
closed,
alarm set
morning.
of the household,
the house
member
If
it
is
them
at
it
in the
left
in
the
morning they will burn up rapidly and soon have the house at
a comfortable temperature. Fresh fuel, unless absolutely ncccs-
MAX
IIAXDV
better
added
later,
when
the
347
demand
for heat
is
is
much
not so urgent.
two screw
Hinged to the
board with a pair of staples is a U-shaped lever, with one arm
about 5 inches long and the other just long enough to catch the
chain.
The lever is located far enough above the screw eyes to
Tlie apparatus comprises a base-board fitted with
eyes,
Fig. 289
0/?^n
C/oseo/
arm
The screw
of the lever,
The alarm
when they
HANDY MAN
348
Some
gong or
bell
people,
upside
who
down
to put
be
left to
The
it
from swinging
side-
is
it
clock,
Fig. 291
Chaius
released, drafts
thi;;,
must
open
have the alarm winding key so arranged that it unwinds when the
alarm "goes off." There are a number of clocks on the market
of different shapes and sizes which are made with this important
feature.
To
key and wire lever with a piece of cord and the contrivance
ready for operation.
wound onto
i3
Then
the chains
pe
HANDY MAX
hung
in place
turns on
its
on the
WORKSHOP AND
lever.
When
I.AKORAl
Hi
is
349
If the
the chains
will be
Fig. 292
creamometer check.
liANDV
350
MAX
result
does
addition of
little
is
for.
the surface.
volumes of
candle
is
The
spot.
little
more
flame
liquid, slowly
is
and the flame becomes absolutely invisible. All that redone is to measure the height of the liquid in the
glass, this being most conveniently ascertained by dipping into it
a strip of pasteboard and then measuring the wet part.
It
should measure not over one inch if the milk is pure. AMth good
quality milk, diluted and tested as stated, the depth will be about
of an inch before the flame is lost to view. A mixture of one
volume of milk and a half a volume of water should show a
excess,
mains
to be
depth of 13^ inches. A depth of 2 inches indicates either parskimmed milk or a mixture of one volume of good milk with
one of water, and so on.
tially
is
based
between the opacity of milk and the number of fatty corpuscles contained in it. Both skimming and the
adding of water work in the same direction, namely, to decrease
upon the
close relation
Skimming
mon
test,
increases
it,
it
and the commere introduction of the lacto-
which consists
in the
HANDY MAN
densimeter in milk,
noimal density
if
is
worthless, as a
351
it
a certain
amount of water. Density should be taken before and after skimming^, and the percentag^e of cream should be determined with'
the creamometer. Thus applied, the density test requires a lactodensimeter, a thermometer, and a creamometer, and the test requires twenty-four hours, while the result is not much more accurate than the opacity test just described.
58
Fig. 293
under the edge of a table or shelf, then with the upper surlift up on the handle of the implement,
and the cork will follow smoothly. 33
bottle
WATERPROOF MATCHES
I
llANDV
^^2
MAX
possible)
was
as cool
After
to cool
it
it
was found
that
wax.
all
of
match
Several were held under water for six or seven hours and
them lighted as
is
is first
When
the
way.
canoeing
trips, as
dropping them.
as above
When
all
recently called
upon
it,
Through
cover.
Fig. 294
Uuscrewiug a
twine, a
graph.
89
liANUV
MAXS
WOKKSimi' AM)
I.
^,^1,
ever)-
It is
Tt
home by
when
the latter
is
Fig. 295
material answering
Sealing wax
these requirements is ordinary candle wax.
might be used but the candle wax is preferable, as it will not injure the tree, and may be more easily manipulated. The enlargement is formed by dripping a suitable quantity of the melted wax
all
upon the
point,
its
HOW TO MEND
mock
or handling a
is plastic.
It
adheres
wax
at the
troublesome part to
lo
HAMMOCK OR
FISH
NET
fish
damaged
net
know how
in an)-
way.
to
mend them
ham-
should
HANDY MAN
354
Whether
the tear
is
is made must be cut out, until a symmade, as shown in Fig, 296 i. e., there must be
a single square or mesh and a double one on opposite sides of
metrical figure
is
the tear.
l__|
)_ _I__I_(_J
l__J_
j_(
J. -LLL
Fig. 296
Ll-i
of the
mend and
the
mended.
Always commence
since
but
it
it
will
it is
well to
How to knot
the cord
stitches
of an inch wide,
The cord
or twine
is
as the
JIAMJV .MAX
very neat
sodium
silicate
W'Ceks ago.
came
355
glassware with
some
owner valued very
and partly up
dered
it
In addition to preventing
tlie side.
its
use,
it
ren-
unsightly.
Fig. 29S
of the crack, and as the air cooled inside the external pressure
forced
it
HANDY MAX
356
vacuum and
jar,
but ol)tained a
much
better
ranged, as shown in
Fi.s^.
in the center a
The
298.
was then
basin
filled
with
water and the cracked jar inverted over the lighted candle as the
was consumed by the candle, it was slowly lowered
;
then applied as
harden.
which
effectively sealed
in the
Tlie water-glass
it.
all
hours to
six to eight
set
was
left to
and then
a cloth dipped in
claims
much
that
more
they
are
satisfactory
iron
leader,
for
the
were
thickl}- coated w'ith paint on
the inside as the}' were
built up can by can.
The
reason
first
was
that
they
stove.
Fig. 299
A leader made of
'Jlien
HANDY MANS
WOKKSllol-
AM)
I-Ai;uKAT()UV
357
as an extra precaution, the longitudinal seam of each was rcsoldered so as to close any leak that
crease the strength of the leader the cans were so arranged that the
longitudinal seams of the successive sections were staggered as
shown
spiral
in the illustration
the leader
Each can as
was soldered
it
to
paint. 55
may
simple ejector
whicli will
be
made
out of ordinary
i)ipc
fittings,
ejectors on
the market.
It may be used in draining a flooded cellar, in
which case it may be attached to the ordinary water faucet for
motive agent. It can also be used for emptying cisterns or in
(Of course,
excavations for new work where water is struck.
in this case, steam will be used as the motive agent.)
Some time ago the writer was engaged in building a reservoir,
and at a depth of 15 feet a spring of water was struck. Having
no means at hand to get the water out of the excavation, an
ejector was made out of some old pipe fittings.
Four such
One
of these ejectors
358
HANDY MAN
may
When
jam nut B.
On
nipple.
On the other end of the nipple
screw another elbow, forming- a kind of step or stop. To this el-
into
bow may
Fig. 300
On
water.
which
shown
into
at C.
to
make
it
air tight.
have a tendency
to close
it
up.
installation of a
it
in private
houses
MANS
IIANDV
WORKSllOl'
AM) LAliUUATORV
.^5'J
in ccMinection
The
arrangement can be
entire
built at the
up
more room than an ordinary leader pipe.
The illustration shows the arrangement of
rear of the dwelling, and does not take
the device.
is
By means
of the nipple
it is
connected
The apparatus
is
at
least
34
feet
column.
The
pipe
is
301 Home-made
vacuum cleaner
Fig.
is
The
cellar.
pipe
is
sewer, as
shown
The
pipe
is
down
made of a
carried
This can be
to a seal pot
barrel with
situated in the
an overflow to the
at L.
carried to a
vacuum
reservoir,
which tan be
it
situ-
means a
360
is
less joints to
L-MiURATUKV
This
to the various
The
at each floor.
in //
causes a partial
vacuum
when
all
that
is
necessary
in the reservoir
ami
is
column
the descending
in the
service
pipes.
all
made
joints are
perfectly airtight
in service pipes
The
reservoir
must
also be airtight.
It
The
if
precaution
is
The down
down
leg of
all
water.
if
the
first
bend
is
at least
This device
is
and can be
by anyone accustomed to handling pipe and competent to
make good tight joints.
The pressure of water in the pipe B has no effect on the amount
of vacuum obtainable. This depends on the column of water in
the pipe H, which, as stated, must be at least 34 feet from A' to L.
for large buildings, but rather for private dwellings,
put
u])
The
best
in
and most
is
to place
a tank, similar to the ordinary bathroom tank, above the apparatus and control the amount of water through a valve.
its
tlir(^iigh
The
a float-
operated valve.
ll.V.NDV
neously, and
if
re(|uircd for
361
in size.
The nozzle
is
de-
if
by changing- the bushing P to correspond to the increased size of the pipe C and using the proper
opening at B. The pipe
when increased must be attached to
the nozzle by means of a coupling which in turn is screwed on
the outside of the nozzle, the latter being turned and threaded to
The nozzle described has a )4-inch hole at this point and
suit.
can stand being bored to i inch, as the metal is pretty heavy.
The reservoir mentioned is not absolutely necessary. ]\lost of
the dust is carried over and goes down with the water and only
the larger particles will drop in the reservoir.
If the latter is
omitted, an opening must be left in the lowest part of the pipe
C through which this dust is removed.
The efficiency of the apparatus depends in the first place on
sired for larger installations
the joints in
all
If
pipe with
good threads, fitting tightly, is used and made up with red lead in
a proper manner, airtight joints may be expected.
If it is necessary to make a bend in the pipe // at a point lo feet below K,
45-degree
ells
should be used to
make
it
as gradual as possible.
if
ma-
The
seal pot
connected to the
if
the pipe
cases
all
size of
is
any
in use.
can
sum
(xitside
diameter
usually given.
machine.
.t[
inches.
(/
The amount
of
vacuum necessary
less
in
work such
362
hardwood
as walls,
can be obtained
The higher
where
heavy rugs, carpets, and similar articles are to be cleaned.
The cleaning implements are far too numerous in design to describe, and can be procured on the market much cheaper than they
can be made at home.
with 8 to 10 inches.
ficient
volume, therefore
volumetric efficiency
its
has a fixed
it
The apparatus
is less.
is
tem nothing
if
cbe only
method of doing so
and
is
Therefore,
would mean
pump
all
thoroughly
its
at a greater
3.
is
pump
In a
is
is
in the pipe
to be increased
paratus impracticable.
21
winter as well as
in
warm
cellar wall,
full lines.
is
first
to the position
handle
C"
of the stopcock.
lo-
shown by
^-
out of a piece of
change the
this
inch pipe B.
this pipe
To do
weather.
in place.
it
An
it
of
large enough
will
answer).
Now
For
this
make a
drill
HANDY MAN
S WOUKSIlOl'
AND LAIiUKATORV
3^3
Fig.
leaving a
little
it
to stopcock
C by two
after slipping
faucet
it
over the
handle.
water
leaky as soon.
82
HANDY MAX
3^n
WOKKSIlOl'
AND LAliOKATORV
sin"])lus
on the reel. The writer has not tried out this scheme but
merely offers it to the Handy M^n as a suggestion. Tlie details
in.c:
Fig. 303
shown
in Fig. 303.
is
is
mounted
to revolve
the hose.
reel.
The accompanying
through
it.
i)i])e
attached
t<^
is
in
71
A HOME-MADE
be made.
on a hori-
cx]:)lanation
little
reel
zontal pipe.
and
The
LAWN SPRINKLER
illustrations
show how
street
lawn
ell
and
s])rinkler
drill
can
a hole
nail,
and
MANS
lIAXnV
solder the same.
si)rinklcr in
'Jliis
WOKKSIKH'
A.\|)
Now
an uprij^ht position.
I'.oK
AK )|<^"
.^^':
scrcAV on the
Now
wood and
?>lake
end a
little
of
brass
eter
Take a small
the block.
about
ij.4
thin
piece
in
diam-
inch
hammer
drive the
drill
will
say
holes,
assume the
about
Fiff.
Now
in the block.
A honie-made
lawn sprinkler
304
inch
and solder
cup-
this
shaped disk to the pipe coupling- as shown in the cut, and the
sprinkler is ready for use.
With ordinary water pressure it will
throw water in a 30 to 40-foot circle.
little old,
simple
way
mend
make it
to
it
is
last
if
and begins
not attended
to swell,
soon
it
to.
a few
more
seasons.
it
As
it
is
no
ur.iform tension, the writer has for man\- years used the simple
down
lid.
into wh.ieh
make
i<
i)nt
a small hole,
Thence
let
it
run
366
To
hose.
is
bent to a right angle and forming a guide for the hose. The
tension device consists of a short piece of metal, with its upper
end bent outward, forming a fulcrum for a short spring-compressed lever.
The
latter at its
Fig' 305
cord
is
device
is
properly adjusted,
closely,
tures,
is
now
make
A
It
and
will
feed
the can
forward automatically.
all
It
will
By
HANDY MAN
waterproofing,
again
before.
will
it
WOKKSHOl' AM)
will
./>/
last
as long-
REPAIR A LEAK
IN
LAli(,RAT(JKV
HOW TO
To
will be
it
besides
making
artificial teeth.
it
is
and
common
florists,
stored away.
As
find
substitutes
to be
straw-
berry boxes and paper oyster pails, and have found them handier,
especially for
\
\
\
in hot
beds and
7,ClS<
cokl frames.
inxpcv
])ots
Such things do
that
will
lent.
square
For three-inch
;
well, but
LAl'.ORATORY
still
])ots cut
it
roll, is
Each piece of
and for
])a]ier
is
equal squares.
is
excel-
Common
belter.
five-inch
now
it
to be
into nine
box
The
CHAl^TER
VIIl.
show how
to build an auto-
It is
portable,
Fig.
The complete
costs $70.
of
the
its
ready
To
this
may
portal)ility,
shown herewith
Because
it
wagon
It
owner of
the land on
which
it
is
llAXDV MAN"
370
placed, but
it
open doorway
to
can be
j^^ives
The
sufficient
is
It
u]).
work
all
and
The frame
Fig. 309
A side view of
frame, two
from plate
to plate at the foot of the rafters, all of 2-inch by 3-inch hemlock
dressed, and four roof boards, J.s inch by 4 inches.
The gable
pairs of rafters,
two
tic-pieces
not
The
shown
sills
]:)late
across
Fig. 312.
These should
fit
snugly
^4
mcli
b\-
2^
inches.
IIANUY
The
MAN
VVoKKSllUP
AND LABORATORY
sills.
3/1
Two
of
the joists, Fig. 311, are fastened with lighter angle irons to pre-
vent the
sills
small cleats.
springing outward.
Two
The
by
them
These, as
PcLTieL
"^
-^Vv
^^^"^^3
HANDV MAN'S
o7^
At
WUKKSIlOl'
AND LABORATORY
The
7/16 inch
material,
thick, dressed
boards.
The window
sections are
made
suit
rest,
circum-
HANDY MAN
Tn the
window
the battens.
WOKKSllOl'
This panel
is
is
AND
LA1!()KAT( )RY
slotted
373
Panel
Post Zr-3'
Jlh^
^
^rjK-^
nh
'\'Front SClL
\v^.
y>RM^^
:^z
JEoLte^oard.
Jt.J
j-"--
Pfnd. Sill
Joist
ZTfd'
;?'><-<-'
^tra/) J'ri'
Fig 312
y%
inch.
The
sill
is
Corner details
window
sash,
and a small square bead is run on the sill for them to shut against.
The windows are rabbeted together with a simple L rabbet, and
are then fastened inside with small bar bolts top and bottom.
The
is
framed of
J,s-inch
IIAXDV
374
JNIA.X S
7/1 6-inch siding nailed to it. The bottom board of this frame
overhangs the front plate ij/S inches, and the matched stufif rests
on top of the plate. This leaves the lower Yi inch of the plate
for the doors to shut against.
The gable window opening is
framed around with J/^-inch stufT outside, and with 7/16-inch
.stuff inside.
J'io-
])inc,
tion.
3^3
are
rear gable
is
y^-\\\z\\
The
home-made of
to
slightly modified
it
to
in the
by eaves
AM)
I.AIU
The
lloor
iRATOKV
is
?,75
made
in three
un-
section
tween
sections.
serves
to
panels on the
Fig. 314
H-i--
sill,
the
floor
rear
but stops
flush
front
sill.
Fig. 316
9-71"Fig- 315
The
retain
-j-l-4
IIA.NDV
3/6
The
front door
The
top boards
shut against the plate Yi inch, while the bottom boards shut
against the ends of the floor. The matched stuff stands between
the plate
and the
floor.
The
They are
first
actual wrinkles, as
it
it
subsequent painting.
The
screws.
])late.
screws and
and post and
sill
using washers.
The roof
in
place by stove
through the loose edge of the battens and the roof boards,
and by screws into the plate. Tlie ridge boards, one 4 inches,
bolts
IIANDV
other
the
MAN
inches
WORKSHOP AND
wide,
are beveled
LAllUKA TtjKV
and put
tojjcthcr
yj-J
with
at the
nails.
in
place
work of
In the
gimlet.
is
facilitate the
bit,
finished,
The
inside of the doors should, also be painted, sinte they are fre-
The
panels,
of
vv^hite
oil,
painted.
LUMBER
BILL.
Side
Panels
feet
37^
inclies
iiiches
12 feet
( I
Floor.
14 feet
rafters, 2 sticks
2 sticks 20 feet
62 ?eet
Third
19 feet
matched and
add y^
I->aming Boards.
Of same
225
feet
8 sticks 4 inches
2 sticks 8 inches by 16 feet; cleats,
stufif,
by 14 feet,
26 sticks 2'4 inches by 3 feet
1
stick 8 inches by 16 feet:
'
ne.xt to doors,
supports,
joist
150
feet
inches by 12 feet
Roof and Ridge Boards.
76 feet
Georgia
pine,
dressed,
by 18
i
feet
stick
window
inch
stick
sills,
white pine
inches by 33/
inches by
7 feet
44
feet
HOW TO CONVERT
By
can be rebuilt
satisfactory.
The frame
is
of angle iron,
ij/'
i^/^
l4 inches, cut
C^
inches
longer than the distance from the front to the rear spring of the
IIAXDV .MAX
.^79
bugs^v. and bent cold 3 inches from the ends, as in Fig. 318.
and rear can be made of wood, as indiand fit large-head carriage bolts, with the heads inserted in the wood.
About i^
inches from the edge of the dash
inside
and the same distance
spring- bars for the front
cated.
Fig- 317
of the assembled
buggy
HA.NUV
38o
MAN
WUKKSHOP AND
LAliCJUATUKV
from the rear panel of body, drill ^^-inch holes for body bolts,
and 3 inches from the front and rear of the engine hangers cut
slots for J/^-inch bolts.
The
holes
in
the
.Sorfy
--J
J.
^Tt^ine Ao^^j..fp.Tt
Fig. 31S
side
members
icU
made
them
from turning when loosened. Power-plant hangers can be bought,
or may be made as shown in Fig. 319. Holes of ^-inch diameter
should be drilled in the frame for the steering-post supjxjrts
where the steering wheel will be most convenient, which can be
enough
large
marked
in different positions.
two
to
fit
parts,
so that
it
dis-
wood
The
off
can be
fitted
making
liANUV
hansjer
is
MAX
Putty
in place.
WXiKKSllOP
all
AND LAIJOKATCKV
Drill
is
dan.c^cr of the
in the center
for pouring.
until
3<^i
)4
inch high.
When
melting the
To
flow better.
babbitt
is
when
tell
make
it
the
if it
begins to
the
until
bearing
is
and
and
holes,
As
pour
in
more while
this bugg}^
is
hot.
driven by
required.
is
Driv-
ing sprockets for the transmission shaft and rear wheel can
To
insure
w'ill
be
Fig, 319
drum
shift the
Then mark
to
mark one
first,
then
and
Now
on
ofif
i6-spoke wheel) and clam]) spring clips to the wheel and revolve
liAXUV -MAX
382
as before until
it
WUKKSllUi'
runs true.
AND LABORATORY
Finally,
mark
off
Fij<.
320
Exjiaiidiii!^ brake
on the right and the throttle lever on the left. Set the commutator or timer arm backward also (provided, of course, tiie timing
shaft turns in the opposite direction from the crankshaft) and
make
lever
the
way
back.
you
IIAXDY
As
the engine
MAX
shown
AND
WOKKSllOl'
in the
drawing
I.AIKJKATOKV
.=;83
is
Turn
the
engine over toward the front until the exhaust valve begins to
open, as
shown by
is
full
show
open,
when
revolve
Continue
At
is
Fig. 321
and
ter.
Now
Fig. 322
of fuel tank
is
that
is
point,
making sure
it
that the
will continue to
vital point.
etc.,
llAXDV
384
was.
:i'.
AX
S NVORKSIR)!'
AND
iias
LAl:uRAT<)RV
is
advisable, sncb as a
in
made
to
fit
The
seat
between the
sills
is,
of the
in
force-feed oiler will give the best results, and can be driven
or-
lour TeTislOTl
d^ovncl W.re
Fi<(.
323
as in Fig, ^322, and with right and left threads cut on the ends,
reverse gear.
is
for
first
is
High speed
is
all
the drive
direct at the
same speed
as the engine.
First speed
HANDY man's
WOKKSllOi'
AND
I.AliOKATOKV
385
come
in
there will be a tendency for the rods to pull the bands sidewise,
so that they will not hold securely and will
wear unduly.
2-cylinder spark
switch
2 standard spark plugs
6^ X 12-inch muffler
dry
6 battery connections
6 secondary copper terminals
coil
cell batteries
lamp
of lamp brackets
^4^-inch horn
tail
set
gallon can
pound can of cup grease
brass grease cup
gun
small can
-box assorted
box assorted lock washers
lubricating
oil
-^/^-inch
oil
oil
cotter pins
buggy
made
$14 00
70
2 68
7 50
2 00
20
15
20
2 80
3 00
5 00
5 00
3 00
4 00
i
40
30
26
60
30
25
60
386
I
I
8 GO
tool kit
pitch
j/2-inch
pitch j/2-inch
feet
^-inch
pitch,
^-inch
4-5
60-tootli
roller
chain
10 20
2 00
50
7 02
86
36
85 00
32 00
15 00
60
I-
Yi.
4-
belt
oiler,
pound
oil
tubing
(Add
24
20
20
ells
tee
10
(with
turn-buckles,
fittings,
rods, etc.)
power-plant supports
support,
high-speed
set
15
18 00
lever, finished
75
6 00
etc.,
complete. ...
00
bolts, etc.)
lever,
15
5 c>o
7 00
fit
set
6 00
etc
75
25
20
2 00
$283 57
35
HANDY MAN
S W'ONKSIIOI'
AM)
I,A11()RAT(JKV'
387
When
a storage battery
obtained from
it
until
it
is
A dry battery, on the other hand, weakens graduone gets out on the road and the engine starts to miss
after running a few miles, he may get to the next town sometimes
by slightly adjusting the trembler contacts, sometimes by adjustdone
ally.
at once.
If
little
closer to the
magnetic core beneath them, and sometimes by bending the sparkplug points a little closer together, so that the spark has a smaller
gap to jump. If these expedients fail, the pitch may be dug out
from the tops of the cells, and water poured in until the cells are
saturated.
If salt
is at
hand,
salt
water
is
better.
is
The
valve
operates
in
It
may
the
be
chamber,
and
ground
The
being
valve
seat should be
hat,
plug
HANDV
388
it
may
and
.man's WORKSIIOP
in this
way
tlie
AND LAKCtRATOKV
In
lift
the
chamber to the same pressure as the cylinder. With the same pressure on both sides of the
A'-alve, it will be forced down b}' its spring. But as the gases in the
chamber C escape through the hole G the pressures will be thrown
out of balance, and the valve will again be raised by the pressure in
fill
the valve
the cylinder. This action will continue during the entire compres-
The
sion stroke.
hole
power of
lessen the
the engine.
It will
valve
is
As
keeps striking
is
raised,
approaches
while
it
vibrates,
it
keeps
afifect it like
70
SCRAPING CARBON FROM THE PISTON HEADS
Carbon
is
all
automo-
bile engines by imperfect combustion of the cylinder oil and gasoDust from the road, drawn into the engine, adheres to the
line.
oilv surfaces,
and adds
to the accumulation.
On
HANDY MAN
WORKSIIOI'
AM)
I.
A |;()KA KJKV
l)e
it
may
made
Fig. 325
How the
carbon
becomes so
causes premature
it
389
is
steel,
These scrapers
flat-
it
is
Kerosene
is
HANDY MAX
390
is
to use
a small brush and gasoline and ])olish the end of the plug.
As
most plugs are constructed so that it is impossible to thoroughlyclean the porcelains in that way. it is advisable to take them apart
and brush every particle of carbon from the porcelain. If the
carbon is baked on hard use a sharp knife to remove it. Never
use emery cloth to clean porcelains as that cuts off the glaze and
then they will absorb enough carbon to destroy their insulating
qualities.
^
On
light
to
Fig.
326 Straightening
bent axle
Now
in place.
391
minutes.
very
is
stiff
it
is
piece of band iron between the timber and the axle to prevent
53
is
when
it
is
know
well to
cedure.
fitted
the pro-
with shims
AA
clown the
surfaces
flat
If
it is
In case there
are no shims,
necessary to
is
sides.
B B
file
oi the
cap.
ner
may
be
crankpin.
filed
After
filing
little,
the
The wear
off.
of a crankpin
main bearings
is
chiefly
The wear of
the
bottom
halves, which are usually removable
caps.
is
in
the
follows that to
It
main bearings,
.
refit
the
^.
Fig.
327 ^
Takiiifj up crauk,
pin bearings
HANDY MAN
392
Fig. 328
shows a crank-
shaft with both end bearings removed, the crankcase wall and the
The
crankcase removed.
in section,
shaft
held
is
np by
Fig. 328
tight.
If there are
no shims, the
face.
is
flat
is
out of
line,
or
it
is
is
cut
spring
spring clips
is
most apt
AA
will
probably hold
it
The
A
jnit a dangerous strain on the clips.
hard-wood board B, from i inch to 2 inches thick, should be procured, and the sides trimmed down so that it will be about 5 inches
wide in the center and 2 or 3 inches wide at the ends. Drive nails
C C in the ends of the board, jack up the frame of the car to take
the weight off the spring, put the center of the board on the
rubber bumper D, or, if there is no bumper, on a suitable block
but the ends will sag and
HANDY MAN
down
393
straps or clothesline.
is
substantially as
is
Fig.
329 Repairing
shown
a spring
winding should
in Fig. 329.
broken
start at the
When
clothes-
at the center
short end of the rope being tied in a single knot, and led along
A clutch
leather
belting
new
leather.
HANDY MAX
394
in its
water until
is
it
thoroughly
soft.
rivets,
Soak
Stretch
it
the
whose heads
new
leather
and put temporary rivets in the ends, Mark the central rivet
hole, remove from the clutcli, and punch that hole. Put the leather
on the clutch again with temporary rivets, and punch and mark
the remaining holes.
When all have been punched and counter-
Fi":.
';';i
Two men
are necessary, and the whole job, after the leather has
been taken out of the water, must be done quickly, else the leather
will shrink so that
it
will not
go
on.
is
more
By degrees
brakes, or to provide
new brake
is
a steel casting.
HANDY MAN
but the shoes
may
be
fiber,
cast
iron,
395
bronze, or mixtures of
to
An
is
to be seen in the
town of
IIAXDV
39'^
device
is
tlie
LABORATORY
WHEN
towns and
authorities of
villages with
83
which a
coil
should always be
start at the
it
end
desired to
is
iirst,
A ONE-MAN AIRSHIP
is
to
make
labor.
Cotton
It is
may
and
The
silk
must
silk
makes by
proper care.
Next
be used, but
cotton,
first
and most
first
it
is
desired to
make
the envelope.
After the
silk
is
to
make a
pattern for a single gore of the gas bag, or for a half or at least
a quarter of such a gore.
it
is
draw and
is
tear.
if
there
is
The edge
the
of
IIAXDV
ing
manner upon
iMA.N S
WOKKSllOl'
a paper pattern
strmg
end of the
is
strip,
silk is
strip of
39/
fastened horizontally on a
midway
of
AM) LAnoKAIom
The only
its
it
strip.
point
easily accomplished.
seam about Yi inch from the edge. The raw edges are then turned
under about
inch, and sewed down by a second line of stitching j4 inch from the first line, thus forming a lap seam. The
sewing should be done with good silk.
About two feet from the bottom center of the envelope, make a
large neck, or manhole, so the bag can be turned wrong side out
and varnished. Directly above this manhole, in the top, a 14-incli
Although the valve is merely a matter of
valve may be fitted.
personal desire, I do not advise building an airship without one.
Should the valve be inserted, there must be a cord coming down
to the manhole, so that it can be used if needed. About four feet
back of the manhole, put in a small neck about six inches in diameter, for filling the bag with gas.
Now the bag being sewed and ready for the coating of varnish,
take a six-inch brush and after the envelope has been blown full
of air, so that it will hold its shape, commence at one end and
paint one or two gores the entire length of the bag. When these
have been very carefully done, take the next two gores, and so on
until the entire envelope has had the second coating.
After this
is absolutely dry, turn inside out and do the same thing over.
These coats of varnish must be put on until the envelope is air
39^
L.\BORATORY
and there
when
filled
is
with
air, as
learned.
in a linen
the airship
inches,
when
and
square mesh
will be
no end of
difficult to control
in the air.
There
will
point of the finished netting, one for the top and one for the
and
Oregon
it
spruce.
form of an
It is in the
i^-
equilateral triangle,
13/2
x 3^ -inch
strip,
the panels thus formed being braced diagonally with piano wire.
six feet
will
with the pitch about equal to the diameter, and a blade width of
18 inches at the
tip.
Tt
should be geared to
which
is
make about
175 revo-
5,498 feet per minute. The longer the blade and the slower the
speed, the more efficient is the propeller within certain limits.
The
steel tubing.
feet.
sufficient
power
power of
is
a larger
quite sufficient.
framework and
one-third of
suitably geared
HANDY MAN
to the propeller.
AND
absolutely necessary.
all
S WOKKSllOl'
I.AKORA lOKV
if
is
not
carefully watched at
399
oil
varnish.
45 feet long by
Made
3x3
feet wide,
silk,
Frame, equi-
screw propeller, 10 feet in diameter and 10- foot pitch, with 1 8-inch
width of blade at tip peripheral speed, ^about 5,000 feet per minute.
Shaft connected with a countershaft, but no clutch is used. The
speed is controlled by a rod eight feet long extending forward
from operator to motor and connected to the throttle. The rudder
;
The
tiller
is
continuous
The rudder
One thousand
cubic
feet of
is
rope
gas will
lift
feet of gas.
HAXDV MAX
400
eiii^ine
ready for
is
all
The
airship, of course, is
start.
The very
last
flight.
is
fifteen or
when
before the
43^^ feet
flight,
so that
when
ground.
flight.
Two
saw
Now
the airship,
we
will say, is in
the field and you are on the frame with the engine working
right.
all
ready.
all
You
should have a drag rope of 100 feet attached to the frame about
one-third from the back end.
backward for
ascent.
HANDY MAN
S WORKSIlOl*
ANU LAliOKATURV
In coming-
down
401
where you
at all points
and have some one to catch the frame and save the
from striking the ground. With proper judgment the
airship should come back to the exact starting point, even as close
as one or two feet. After the flight is ended, take the airship back
to the aerodrome, guy it down carefully, shut off the gasoline,
disconnect the spark, and watch the gas bag for expansion. With
the ground,
propeller
HOW TO
Many
fonns of glider have been tried, but the one which has
so far given the most general satisfaction is known as the "Chanute" type.
Either bamboo or spruce may be used for the framework,
although the latter material
If
spruce
is
the
is
decided upon,
more convenient
the
to
work
with.
be
required
JSWB ELEVATION'
Fig. 333
92
feet
8 inches of spruce
1 1
feet
inches long.
59 feet of spruce
long.
HANDY MAX
402
^y feet of spruce
Also 50
feet of
spruce
3^
long, for
framework of rudder.
24^
II
feet of
mild
steel
inch thick.
'^JixedtoCUp
'Cimer
wire
Fig. 334
To make
the
^tuSe^
8^
inches
long from the 3/16-inch steel rod and thread the ends for a distance of one inch, using a 3/16-inch stock and dies.
rod vertically
Clamp
its
the
ends,
and bend the projecting 4 inches over at right angles to the rest
hammer and making the bend as sharp as
possible.
Treat the other end in the same manner, taking care
not to injure the thread on the ends.
You will thus have bent
the rod into the form of a letter U with a flat bottom, the sides
of the rod, using a
of the
the
-^^-incli
Now
Icfrs
U being
sj^rnce
clamp the
so
formed
its two
Bend them
>
MAN
liANUV
WORKSIIOI'
AM) LAKOUAIOKV
403
in the
shown
in Fig. 334.
The
5^1
-^
'
&.
HORIZONTAL ST/H/T'
^^
S'A-
.s}C
F^JJ-
336
bamboo
sticks
zontal rod.
of i-inch
We
are
now ready
ence should be
Take two of
made
in
two
sections.
(one being
IIAXDY
404
MAN
of the points so found, and also at the end from which the distances were measured, clamp one of the 4- foot 11 -inch and 4-foot
Fig- 337
frame 9
feet 2 inches
General view of
Fig- 339
main frame
thus be formed, with the free ends of the longitudinal rods projecting 2 feet 8 inches from the end.
thus formed together so that the free ends of the longitudinal rods
overlap,
and lash each pair of the free ends together with strong
Fig.
making
the
iimi
tn
framework
4 feet 9 inches in
(See Fig. 337.)
The guy wires necessary to strengthen the frames can now be
twine,
21 feet in length,
attached.
Cut
Take one of
number of
these, pass
)<4-inch
it
and
HANDY MAN
WUkKSliUi'
AM) I.ABUKATORV
405
back again, forming a loop; bend over tbe free end of the wire
and snip
off,
it
Pass the
looj)
it
over
one of the screw ends of a clamp, and run the wire to the clamp
diagonally opposite, securing
it
same manner.
to the
the
Fig. 334It is
important that
all
it
may
little
skill
to
for adjusting the tension of the wires after they are placed in
position.
An
each wire, in the manner shown in Fig. 338, makes a good turnbuckle. One end of the divided wire is wrapped around the hub
end of the spoke, the other end being secured to the spoke by
strip of thin sheet steel looped over the
The
spoke
ni])ple, as
shown.
The frame
tliis
vals of about
one
foot.
The
open
stitched
at
down
now
be laid over
forming
now
slide.
be laid on the
rods by their ends at the front edge and at the point w'here they
foot.
HANDV
406
JNIAX'S
If strong glue is
used
prove
to the
frame as
The two
pieces of spruce
between them
from front
this space
left
to
can be tacked
same manner,
at the center.
now
ed.G^es
should
other pieces of
this
Two
be laid across
arm
rests
is
No
of spruce
inch square.
and rear edges of the main plane about 2 inches apart, the rods
being parallel to each other and spaced at equal distances on either
side of the center of the plane.
The other two rods are lashed
to the rear edge of the upper plane and to the front edge of the
tail.
The tail is further braced to the main body by the piano
wire in the manner shown in Fig. 333.
Curved surfaces, although not essential in a glider, can be
Slightly taper the front porproduced in the following manner
tion of each rib for about 1/3 of its length from the front end.
If the front ends of the ribs are now lashed to the frame first,
and the ribs are then pushed slightly forward by their rear ends
:
before being fastened to the rear edge of the frame, they will
T2 pieces, 4 feet
1 1
inches long.
pieces,
MAN
IIANDV
4 pieces, 2 feet
'jYi
2 pieces, 18 feet
ground
WOKKSllor AM)
LAI'.OKATCJRV
If
407
inches long.
long'.
ing wind.
is
little
danger
in
commences cautiously
balancing of his machine
and takes
sufficient
While learning,
it
best to
is
have
The
glider
is
is
learning to balance
At
it.
first
there
is
a tendency to place the weight of the body too far back, but this
soon overcome.
difficulty is
legs.
To
Steering
is
effected by
moving the
To
vice versa.
move
This
at the
AN INEXPENSIVE
The following
a published
boat, but
body back-
ward and
is
ICE
YACHT
article,
or a design suggesting
how
is
to
make
gaflf
will
87
a good
iriade,
and
While there were many boats alongfrom the firstclass boats designed by experts to the yachts made by the farmer
boys, from fence rails and ice skates, with a table cloth or bed
proven a marked success.
side,
made
of
all
manner
IIANDV
4o8
Sheet tor
sails, this
MAN
WORKSIKJl'
AND LAUOKATORY
them
all,
for speed
at any rate.
The
lumber
Fig.
But
in
any case
in Fig. 340,
it
with the
in Fig. 342.
backlx)ne
is
saw cuts are ripped up the ends, 3 inches apart and 2 feet in
length, one foot of which is cut away as shown. The other foot is
to give pliability to the boat, should the side runners strike any
HANDY MAN
409
object
fit
runners G.
each, as indicated.
HAXDV MAX
4'10
it
backbone with
to the
deep,
is
bored
ri,q;ht
spikes.
AND
I.Al'.ORATORY
one inch
is
side frames
4^
WOKKSIIOl"
in the
The
end
are
and
left,
HANDV MAN
thing-.
S VVOUKSlloi'
AM)
[,Ai:()kAT(JRV
cut, to
411
4I2
IIA.XUV
of
The
side runners
l)(~iards
incli
sqnare.
made from
are
will do.
The
heel
degree
sharpened
to a 45-
point.
made from
is
3/16
H.
iron, flattened
Two
A'.
inch
The stem
round
and
to connect the
block of
ends,
is
tiller is
little
in
wood E,
i->4
by 4 by
make
it
made from
down
before the
tiller
is
put on.
stem H.
)4-inch
wooden block
The
from
l)olts,
Fig. 340.
split at the
fit
string or cloth to
il/,
shown
in
Figs. 340 and 342 can be used to fasten the free ends of the ropes.
laid out
points.
be worked
in.
from ordinary
The
sails
can be made
sail
HANDY MAN
The
gaff
13^2
if
boom
The main-boom
tlesircd.
can be a pine
Make
23/2
413
about
stick,
the mast
from
The
heel
is
to be shaped to
sail
With a
rings can be
in the
fit
the
pair of wire
made
ends of the
sheets
ropes, as
shown
more satisfaction.
The shrouds and stay for the mast are fastened to the latter,
about I foot from the top. and drawn through the screw-eyes
when the mast is set up. The mainsail and jib are drawn up by
the latter will give
and fastened to
cleats,
When
sailing
on smooth
little.
The
ice,
swung out
of line too
much, and great care should be taken when sailing before the
wind. It will be well to take a few lessons before venturing out on
too large a sheet of
ice.
HAXDV MAX
414
the
fours.
skimmed across
the
HOW TO
all
BUILD A SCOOTER
ice
In former years,
when
the bay
winters produced so
The
is
Long
Island.
solid, the
regular
ice
on
ice
been met successfully in that new and ingenious type of ice boat,
the scooter.
Roughly, the scooter is a Barnegat "sneak box"
mounted on runners.
This craft will
sail in
on
ice,
consequently
the sailor does not fear soft ice or air-holes, but sails merrily
along taking
It
ice
is
and
sails
sails.
ships,
ice is just
effort
hand
\\ lien
two are
boat
in the
they spread, their weight about an equal distance from the center;
one
former being
is
this is
not necessary
fifty feet,
ficient to
This
when
good wind,
but
is
suf-
ability to
wind
sensation and
in case the
in the water,
a novel
is
HANDY MAN
very speedy
little
craft
415
in a
good
The
cost of a scooter
is
it
could
be built at
square
feet,
to
in
130
The
ditions.
feet
sail
The
is
construction
For pure racing it could be lightened considerStudy the plans carefully before beginning work.
serviceable boat.
ably.
The
first
is
planks and spring them around "molds," which are simply tem-
in shape.
in place until
The
inner side
and care should be taken to get the sides perfectly plumb, or else
they will throw a twist in the side planks, and the upper edges
will not lie in the same plane.
The transom is %-inch oak and
the stem of oak, size as shown in Fig. B. It has a double rabbet,
the inner for the inside plank and the other for the outer or covering plank. Screw the side planks to the stem and spring them
around the molds and screw to transom. The molds are spaced
This gives the rough
2, 4, 7, 10, and 12 feet from the stem head.
form. Put the boat upside down on three saw horses and spring
on the oak keel, which is 4 inches wide and -yi inch thick. This
makes a fair line for the frames, which are next put in. !\Iake
them of oak i>4 inch thick and i^/^ inch deep, increased to about
2 inches along the center line of bottom in cockpit. They are spaced
10 inches on centers. Beginning, start the spacing 5 feet from the
bow and
pit
from the stern in order to come right for the cockThen turn the boat over and put in the deck beams
same method. They are lyi hy i V^-inch spruce spaced 10
3 feet
opening.
by the
by oak braces
>4
by 4
HANDY MAX
4'I^
7-3
HANDY MAN
4i7
HANDY MAX
4'i8
this clearly.
sill
Fig.
C shows
spruce
.V*
is
The mast
deep and
step
is
now
put
in.
It is
of oak, 2 inches
in
Now
mast.
laid
tliick
The planking
plank her.
in
is
It
is
The
bottom
is
then
carefully
good lead
The runners
paint.
bevel.
The
feet.
345.
board.
q(]s:;c
The
of the runners
is
iJ-4
inch
in
]JANDY
MANS
VVOKKSllOP
AND LABORATOKY
419
MAX
IIANDV
4'20
b)'^
i-
inch steel and 7 feet long. Bend thcni at ends so there will be no
undue strain upon the screws, which are i J4 inch, No. 10 size.
Now
and
fore
lie
sliarp,
and
The
steel
shoe should
lie
square edges.
turn the boat right side up and start finishing up the deck
An
line of deck.
3-inch hole
the plan.
The deck
is
now
laid.
This
is
laid in
sprung
oak scant Yz
Fasten
to stringer with 15/2-inch No. 10 brass screws countersunk and
plugged with oak plugs. Lay a light flooring of pine in the cockis
in.
It is of
Now
plane up the edges of the bottom and deck flush with the
inner side plank and then put on the outer side plank.
of
3'2-incli
This
is
also carried
of the ends.
Now
for the
rig.
All
spars
should be of straight-grained
Make
i^
i^
all
about
13/2
i^
inch in center.
14 feet,
and
Fit wooden jaws to
Jibboom 8
Boom
feet 2 inches,
and boom and use six mast hoops. A sliding rig is neater,
but would cost a little more. ITse a single ^4-hich wire shroud
with turnbuckles, the chain plate of steel V^, by i by 7 inches long,
to be fastened with rivets through the side planks. Eight small
gaflF
HANDY
-MAN
WUKKSIKH' AM)
Iti
iK
421
i|<^
^-inch bronze yacht blocks are needed and can be obtained from
Rigging to be of ^-inch rope. The sails
shonld be of abont No. 4 yacht duck. The mainsail to be fitted
for two reefs, the first taking ofif 22 inches and the second 24
niches. Have a permanent forestay and put the jib on with snap
hooks. For reefing, get two extra jibs as shown in sail plan and
set them with a small sprit, if necessary.
a yacht chandler.
finish.
50
SPILINGS
A good device for taking spilings may be made 1)y taking a thin
inch thick and 4 inches wide, 12 or 15 feet in
marked A
batten
j-i
Make
length or niore.
thick
and
inch wide.
V2
Fig.
inch
a ruler ribbon the same length,
Next take some brass wire II or 12
347 A device
gage, cut about fourteen pieces into lengths about 7 inches long,
bend one end at sharp right angles, which will just go through
marked B and can be riveted with a small hamdraw out. The other end is bent into a
which is closed around a small screw. The screw has;
mer
so that
small eye,
a irroove
it
filed
will not
around
It is best
made out of a
MAX
IIAXUV
4'22
screw hook, the hook being cut off, and just above the g^roove
you have filed, flatten and drive on a small knob, which makes a
thumb-screw like that illustrated. In manipulating the device, lay
the batten on the boat frames so that it lies free and natural
and take about three little clamps to hold it there. The ruler ribbon is engaged with the bottom edge of sheer strake and its entire
length is easily held in place by connecting rods and thumb screws.
This is very quickly and accurately done. The whole thing is removed, placed on a flat cedar board, and is quickly outlined along
the ruler ribbon with a i^encil. This gives an accurate joint for
your plank. The usual way of determining the sweep of the plank
is by laying on the thin batten and measuring distances along the
edge of the sheer strake with dividers or a foot rule, which is a little
complicated, not nearly as accurate, and considerably slower.
On account of the severe strains to which the lugs on a masthead are subjected, they and the ring are usually made from one
and the same piece of iron, instead of the former being
/
welded on after the ring is
The
made.
two
ring
is
made
in
long to
sufiicicntl}-
lugs,
and go half
make two
way round
The comparative
or jib boom.
main
I.
is
given in
The diameter
The
marked
proportion.
of the lugs
is
is
position
out.
and
,Q
34S
rroji;ressive steps in
-r,
4.
forging of a masthead
ti
the
shape
1
(2).
^
'
the
ends
being
r>
HANDY MANS
two halves
VVOKKSIIOI'
AXh
LAIK )KATOKV
423
The
lugs
are closed and welded on the next heat (3). At 4 is shown the
half band, a similar one being made in the same manner. The
holes for the wire ropes are countersunk on both sides, and are
made
flattened out
up to the bands.
They are
more
little
than the depth of the band, to give more metal in the direction of
the pull.
To
-a
metal called a
many owners
now
that
Fig- 349
engine were it not for the trouble and expense of putting on a skag
and shaft log. An easy way to overcome this difficulty is shown
in the diagram
It has been tried bv the writer, and is a success.
HANDY MAX
4'24
shaft bearing
WORKSllOl'
made
is
AND LAUOKATORY
is
the propeller.
der.
longer
box on the
is fitted
accompanying drawing.
It
is
to the side of
shown
in the
block
one
The
a block.
is
the house.
The other
leaf of
is
bent over at
This
outward,
Fig-
for bicycles
falling
the hook.
tires.
It consists
of a
wooden
handle.
from opposite
sides,
mending
common darning
its
needle
is
To mend
and through the slot in the end of the needle as tightly as possible
until judgment shows that there is enough rubber to fill the punc-
HANDY man's
tnre.
Then
\V(
)UKSI
loi'
AXl)
LAl'.c
)K.\1()KV
4-^5
ber
bein,q- ti^^htly
when
^"'S
351
The
rub-
This
tire.
the hole
the hole.
49
BICYCLE COASTING SLED
illustrate
of pine.
The
pieces
marked
Fig. 352
It is
vS"
new
This coaster
Construction
of the sled
make
a fork.
The
seat
is
a board, to
IIANUV
4-26
the underside of
two top
slats
and
which
is
WOKKSllOl'
.M.\\"s
is
AND LABORATORY
down between
footrest
is
the
provided,
Bicycle
r^"- 353
type of sled
on tlic two lower slats. The frame and front fork are
hinged together with four short eyebolts E with a short bolt
through each pair as shown. 20
restino^
COASTING SKATES
There are more ways than one of enjoying an icy hill. The
accompanying illustrations show a pair of coasting skates. These
.skates can be well made by any amateur at little or no expense.
The base i is of hard wood and is 20 inches long. It is 3 inches
It is ij4
wide at the middle, and tapers to
inch at either end.
inch thick and dressed off on the under side, as clearly shown at
i
front end
is fitted
is
curved upward,
line.
The
or thin steel 2
MAN
IIAiVDV
screws.
No
AM)
WDKKStlOl'
in the
stiff strap, 3.
LAl!()RATOR^
bottom.
midway
427
length of
fit
side wise
is
This strap
movement
of the heel.
Fig. 354
It will
from the
Coasting skates
a coast
hill.
To
down
hill,
facilitate the
at
rope 5 is used. The opposite ends of this rope are secured to eyes,
one in each of the skates at the forward end. When coasting, the
rope is grasped in one or both hands, and held taut from the eyes.
33,
A SLED
The accompanying
illustrations
IIAXDV -MAX
4-28
THE
Unlike the ordinary
DIRIGIBLE SLED.
from one
by
by checking the speed of the sled, the sled here shown has flexible
runners, which may be curved to one side or the other by a steering bar, causing the runners to follow smoothly in the curving
I'i?'
355
A dirigible sled
tracks.
add
The
hill.
HANDV MAN
ill
dotted lines,
is
WORKSllUi'
AND LAHOKATUKV
4JiJ
cut off on a level with the seat "and the ends are
From
this bar,
which
c,
is
On
Fig. 356
when
is
fastened a steering
now
with the
moved,
it
left foot,
and
I'ice
versa.
it
As
moves
It
is
thus
is
evident that
same
direc-
will be noticed
bolted to the seat of the sled, and that the other two standards
IIAXDV
4'30
MAN
movement
of the runners
when op-
Two
wood should be
pieces of
movement.
The old iron shoes on the wood runners siiould be taken off
and curved or hollowed as shown or may be replaced by new
referring to Fig. 357, it will be seen how this curvmay be accomplished.
shallow groove is made
By
ones.
in a block of
then
hammered
cave form.
Rivet the shoe on the runner, which should be hollowed out a
little
to
The
fit.
as that of hollow
ground
skates.
ice or
;
but
The
is
the
same
in its course,
ing lever, they seem to take hold of the snow and change the
course of the
sled.
commission by a suitable
may
be thrown
operator.
The
sled
may
now on
the market, or
it
hand car to
be used. The material may be bought from almost any hardware
dealer.
The runners are made for an ordinary size sled, from
^-inch by 5l5-inch T iron or steel, or they may be made from two
can easily be built by almost any amateur, to
downward, so
as to
suit the
HANDY MAN
The runners
sled.
are
There may
now ready
lie
at the top,
if
Fig 357
wood
To
431
/,
rails c.
at the
These
front
rails are
and rear
Directly over the rear standard, and journaled into the out-
side rails
e,
is
a crankshaft
g,
It.
At the front end, and directly over the front axle, the steering
lever is fulcrumed, and two extending arms fastened thereto,
which are connected with the front bar / by a bolt passing through
slots in tbe
arms.
MAN
liANDV
432
The
sled
now ready
is
The
same.
Long
front end
is
which
placed
car.
now
lx)lts
is
passed
through the frame of the car into the rear transverse bar, also
Two
pieces of
wood may
be nailed or
ice or
snow.
It will also
The
is
g has passed
the center of
made
of hard wood.
disk (see Fig. 357) about the same size as the wheels of the car.
Then cut a number of radial slits in the periphery of same, into
thereto.
Into
four
The
sled
steered by
It will
may
means of the
h,
and
about
or go a round-
hill,
in a
fine
model Spring-
thickly-populated region.
As
HAXDV MAX
not use
WORKSIIOl'
lie
433
rechiced the
caliber, the
shell, 0.45
head was
bored out so that a 0.44 caliber revolver cartridge would fit snugly.
Then the head of the regulation shell was turned out. so that the
=fl
Cup
Fig. 358
rifle
head of the revolver cartridge would be flush, as shown in accompanying sketch. The writer is using these cartridges up to a
hundred yards with good results. 57
Then
powder
shell
comes
Cover
used.
this
if
Then
black
fill
the
nature.
Next force
is
ment loading
is
that
tool
in
thick
it
enough
to
crimps the
shell at the
gun
at
make a snug
every
firing.
41
muzzle.
shell.
fit.
rifling.
The benefit
The govern-
CHAPTER IX.
MODEL TOY FLYING MACHINES
A SIMPLE MONOPLANE
As
it now has been proven beyond doubt that the flying machine
no longer a thing of the imagination, but has come to stay as
a fixture for future Wrights, Bleriots and Curtisses to improve
upon and make it a thing of commercial use, so now is the time
is
young
We
to the
tions, btit as a
altera-
ciple of flight,
that will
fly.
tile
intending maker.
cates,
and both
As
We
have the
re-
cent flight across the English Channel of Uleriot and the endur-
ance
trials of
Latham
for
tlic ni()ni)])lanc,
and
ilie
very successful
plane
is
Personally,
my
first
more
young beginner,
easily
think the
mono-
made.
was a monoplane
it
was a
LAliOKATOUV
435
lo make.
To be sure,
do a good deal of experimenting so as to make it rty in
I had
a given course, regardless of the direction of the wind.
always been very fond of kite flying, and it was only the thought
of being" ridiculed that kept me aw-ay from kites. Xow. here was
luul to
could
T
make
monoplane
came
first
FiR- 359
straight
and
inches long,
my
aeroplane.
rattan,
more
To
this
it
to the
it
to
12
was
stick
nailed
make it
The ends of
fastening
it
'
the rattan,
rolled
until
pliable, I bent
whitewood,
down
true.
I
it
much trouble
4'3('
Over
this rattan
frame
spread white
silk,
turning;
it
over the
make
it
soar
like a kite.
It
The
latter
at the front.
a piece of tin.
ing a loop hook at one end was passed through the front block
shaft.
The
affair
i)roi:)eller
It
The rubber
at
IIANDV
MAN
l.A
HOKA
)KV
when
the propeller
was
437
make
tlie
which the
aeroplane go forward
then
Fig.
air.
finished flyer,
flying
first trial
machine
43^
If
everything
is
made
as described,
I.A1H)K.\T(.)KV
3/16 inch
side
iij).
93
DIVIDED
Among
MONOPLANE
one with a
is
divided main plane, designed to rise from the ground after running
rubber tube
is
it
momentum.
it
many
it,
for
turns to get
Ijc
criticised
because of
its
heavy con-
IIANDV
MAN
WORKS IK)
AND LAliOUATOKY
I'
439
hole.
Take
bamboo
the
6-inch
tULL LtNCTH
10 I/VCIIC3
BAMBOO
WHEELS
Fig. 361
Construction of
IN
WOOPCfV tvHgE.U
>"DIA, /O THICK
PLACE
means
ground in
for without this curve one cannot use the rear wheel as a
Put the 15-inch stick into the hole below center of the
now have the body complete.
Before proceeding any furtlier, look around for an old useless
If
umbrella and take out a rod not less than 28 inches long.
longer cut it to size with a pair of cutting pliers, and carefully open
up the rod where the pliers pinched it together in cutting. Cut
also two pieces of 11J/2 and two pieces 8)/2 inches long; then two
starting.
pieces of silk
12x9
10x9
inches
HANDV MAX
440
all
seams, which
After the
silk
it
and over
this slip
one of the
1 1 ^
2 -inch
and you have your main plane finished. Now take the small
plane and at each end insert the 83/2-inch rod,
which is the width of the rear i)lane, fasten it to the extreme end
Get what is termed cable cord (any other
of the 15-inch rod.
strong cord will do just as well) and run it from right end of the
main plane to the right end of the rear plane and back to the opposite or left end of the main plane.
Do the same with the other
main plane and you have completed (except for the power
mechanism) the aeroplane.
side
8^x9^-inch
To make
hole through the exact center and flatten the rod at each end for
about
lA.
inch.
Then take
At
stiff
ij/>
tin
hammered down.
IIANIJ^'
.MAX
44'1
toy.
is
To make
])eller at
the
complete, as
shown
the aeroplane
fly,
in Fig. 362.
to 75 times
if
rubber strands
IIANDV
442
MAN
S \Vt)RKSll()I'
AM) LACOKATOUV
away
trials
with entirely, as
the
maker
will
Pig- 363
flij^dit.
be seen
in
An
l:>est
it is
It
also
know
just
Fisj.
flij^ht
our frontispiece.
93.
be done
After a few
A monoplane model in
results.
may
is
also to
HANDV MAN
WOKKSIIOI'
AM)
I.AIiOKATOKV
443
"WRIGHT" BIPLANE
One
of the finest
the
"Wright"
ing to the
lookin.Q" little
is
skill
from 20 to 40
it
it
and he
flights,
awkward proposition.
The motive power is a wooden propeller mounted on
at first a
it
One
accord-
feet,
will
very
a hollow handle.
This handle
is
wooden
fits
into
Near the
end of the shaft, about i>4 inches from the end, is a small hole
through which a string is threaded the propeller is then turned
until the string is wound upon the shaft, and then, when ready to
fly, the cord is given a long, steady, and yet swift pull.
This
revolves the propeller with great rapidity and forces the aeroplane
into the air. After a few trials, to determine the force necessary
to launch the little flyer, one can become quite expert in the knack
;
of making
In this
ing, as
it
it
go.
little flyer
is
there
a great deal of
is
For
room
instance,
one can
it is
alter
it
for experiment-
is
strong enough
subject to receive
when
it
land-
driven
with a small
It
or yx-'mch rattan
For the main planes, take J^-inch rattan and cut four pieces 23
inches long, and twenty-four pieces 3 inches long.
Out
of very
thin light brass cut the corner braces to the shape indicated at A,
in Fig. 364.
Bend them
at right angles,
line,
so
444
HAXDV MAN
plane in Figs. 365 and 366. Eight of these corner braces will be
enough to make the main planes. The brace is wrapped around the
meeting ends of the rattan. First make two oblong planes out of
J?
\,
IIANDV
MAX
WOKKSllOl-
AM)
I.
\l!(
)KATUUV
44'5
brace 5 inches from the end of the plane. To do this, cut out of
light brass 16 small holders of tiie form shown at B (Fig. 364).
brass against a longitudinal strip along the dotted line and bend
the brass around the rattan tightly.
-3^
ffATTAN STICK
efi^Si CORNCP BRACES
/AIN-PLANS3
FflONT
PtANE
3"X 3'
WHICH SHAFT
15
^'
"^
(/V5RT0
Fig. 365
and horizontal 3-inch lengths. The two frames are simifrom each end.
To make the front planes (2 by 9 inches) take two pieces of rattan 9^ inches long, and at each end fasten a two-way holder, made
from a piece of brass cut as at C (Fig. 364). The rattan will
vertical
446
sew
it
iirnily,
3 inches
from
IKATUKV
Make
in position.
l.Al!(
except that the small piece of rattan across the front plane will be
but 2 inches long. Put in another set of struts at 3 inches from
Fig.
Now
366 The
toj'
tlic
remaining;- strut
shown
in Fig. 365,
(Fig. 364).
JIANDY
The
MANS
VVOkKSl
l( )l'
AM)
I.A IK
)KA)
)K
447
4')/>
inches
and
loui^'
another piece 3 inches lonj;-. Bend the longer piece and fasten
it to the 3-inch piece with a three-way hrass holder.
The frame
rattan
i^
D.
letter
making
them as shown in Fig. 365. and sew on the silk. This done,
two more pieces of rattan 5 inches long, fasten them to the
front end of the main plane frame, so that they will pass over the
To these
rear end of the frame, and extend 2 inches beyond.
two pieces of rattan fasten the rudder with a two-way holder. Of
fasten
cut
To make
is
inch
take a small wooden disk
diameter and Yi inch thick, make the edge absolutely smooth and
inch scant, then cut in a
Hat, in the exact center bore a hole
the
propeller,
slanting direction from one edge to the other a small saw cut
about 3/32 inch deep and reacbing from edge to edge Y\ inch.
The two cuts must be exactly opposite each other, and exactly
in the
same
hub
Take
two
blades.
of the propeller,
Make
)4
and the
which should
(Fig.
364), and cut them out carefully. Sharpen the edges and sandpaper them until they are as smooth as glass, then glue them on
For the
very straight
small hole about 114 inches from the end, opposite the propeller.
handle that
is
propeller, cut
364).
-J^-inch hole,
from
Cut a hole a
and force
it
out to the
tin'n
little
To
and
(Fig.
HANDY
4'4^
iMAX's
Fasten one of these braces to the lower end of the rudder, just
above tlie curve, and the other brace at a point between the upper
and lower frame of the front planes.
The launching handle is a piece of round wood ij/j or 2 inches
Bore a hole through the center
in diameter and 3 inches long.
from end to end. This hole should be about 7/16 or ^X inch in
Enough
diameter.
let
very freely.
is
bored, take a
sniiall
come under
main
the
how
is
planes.
By
looking at
and
front planes, then fasten the propeller on the shaft at the front.
To
manipulate this
little
aeroplane, hold
it
see that the wire rests are underneath the machine, then take a
piece of strong cord about a yard long and,
pellers in
cord will
all
the cord
as described).
will revolve
u])
is
cut
when
a sufficient
momentum
is
air.
be obtained,
liest
handle
(if the
l)ut
little
experimenting as to the
results
93
is
used as
a kite
It
is
made
to resemble
HANDY MAN
tion
and
will
g-ive
good
449
if
air at the
^'dodging" around as a
tailless kite
would.
With
it
from
is
To
CPB/GHT
s'if'LoN&ygTHici^]
Fig- 367
Get some j/^-inch round dowling and cut thirteen pieces 5 inches
long. Take the four 25-inch sticks and bore a j/s-inch hole Y^ inch
from each end. In two of the sticks bore another j/^-inch hole
II inches from each end. These tw^o sticks form the rear edges of
the main planes. Now, in the other two 25-inch sticks bore two
more 3/^-inch holes io>< inches from each end. Cut from some
good, light quality muslin two planes, 7 by 25 inches. Glue the
cloth to the sticks with a good fish glue, being careful to get the
sticks exactly at the edge of the cloth. While the main planes are
Cut four small sticks 7 inches
drying, make the front planes.
long, of the same width and thickness as the other sticks, then
HANUV MAN
4-50
musHn and
long, gluing
sticks,
and
them
at
3'
to the
frame
sticks.
Now,
J/j^-inch hole.
in
each stick 5 inches from one end. These sets of holes serve to
Now, again bore another
receive the 5-inch upright struts.
^-inch hole 6 inches from the last hole bored, and still another
last, and the parts are ready to be assembled.
First, take the front planes, and after having inserted the four
Fig. 36S
An
aeroplane kite
5-inch upright struts in ihe holes, take the four 28-inch sticks,
and
at the
ends where
tiie
let
the upright
come through the 7-inch sticks into the 28-inch sticks. The two
main planes are similarly connected with 5-inch struts, the four
center ones jjassing through the 28-inch pieces as well. The latter
])ass between the planes, as shown in Fig. 367.
The rudder frame
sticks will come together at the rear.
Cut a jjiece of muslin 4
HANDY man's WOKKSIlOP AND
inches wide and 5 inches
Fold
Ion<^.
it
LAIiOkAruKV
C i
and sew it
edge open. This
leng-thwise
_^
is
The forward
drag
to
To
main
make
it
own
its
first.
The exact
planes.
string
front end
fly
position
little
in front of the
peculiarities.
To
We
and it serves
same time serves as a
93
going
are indebted to
articles.
with perfect
The body
stability.
inches long by
2^
is
placed.
down
It is
4^
model
inches in size,
is
An
oval
floor.
strip
45-
HANDY man's
\\()RKS11()P
AND LABORATORY
SjC
IIAXDV
below
extends
it
MAN
AM)
WOKKSlKil'
of 10 by 6 inches.
l.AISUKATORV
453
extends down-
in front
7 inches.
It
has a
and ^8 of an inch
in
diameter.
The hook
covered hooks.
This tube
is
about
stretched
It is
at the rear
is
its
is
of an inch thick
block, forming one end of the elastic frame, while the one at the
front passes through a tube in the forward block and carries the
front propeller,
which, of course,
through which
passes
it
is
The
is
secured to
it.
The tube
To wind up
The
Each
100
propeller
feet.
The machine
apart.
izing the
game
the stick gives weight to the forward part of the aeroi:)lane, and
4'54
HA.NDV
:M.\X S
of the (Hvided
sails
monoplane
Fig. 370
The
device
type, the
flyintj
machine
HANDY MAN
Stretcher
is
stretcher
is
planes by
is
455
to
the
means of four
light cords.
tied
dished
down
set,
is
made
to the
fast.
body
which tends
stick,
to direct the
is
planes a concave or
sail
is
attached to the
it
is
prow
it
it
returns,
it
on the string as
it is
falling to
INDEX
1
A
Accident
Ball,
preventer,
the
mo-
torist's
to}'
how
Airship, one-man,
434
to con-
396
Air thermometer, home-made. 189
Alternating current, experi-
home
current
306
motor,
built
Aluminium, how
Aluminium
solder...
to solder....
solders
Anchoring work
to
be
Anemometer,
152
electrical
153
ing
.
drj',
283
liow to make... 261
387
192
Bench hook
362
369
Bicycle, gyroscope
Biplane,
425
made from
Blow pipe
Blow pipe, home-made
-6
195
114
121
210
motor
how
in
423
mend
341
174
tool
to
bag
y6
279
90
"Wright"
Boiler maker's
support a
391
443
Bismuth solder
129
Bismuth solders, mold for... 132
Blast, continuous
113
Boiler,
maker's....
13
boiler
home
B
when
getting
with
Boat, to install
tool,
form
261
Blue roses
shaft
258
weak,
390
Bag,
h o u
of
Battery,
Autotransformer
to
262
t
hand\-
voltaic,
how
chemicals
378
283
Babbitting,
storage,
recti-
for
no
.390
portal)lc.
Battery,
electrolytic
184
188
Automobile house,
396
150
sol-
dered
fier
Battery,
263
struct
Battery,
direct
to con-
Barometer, home-made
Barometers, scale for
Batteries,
struct
.AGE
105
how
Balloon, dirigible,
395
448
Aeroplane, kite
Aeroplanes, model,
turning of
Boilers
iron,
and
radiators,
mending
174
cast
342
INDEX
457
AGE
Boilers, patch
Book
rest,
Boom
ring, or
mending
.U4
.194
Brass solder
1.37
temporary
springs,
repairs to
Bronze
392
aluminium,
solder
for
Buckled
straighten-
castings,
io-
ing
175
cyl-
170
83
401
214
Chemical
perfume,
h o
me
made
Chemical
21
puzzles
203
Chest, a shoulder
18
Chuck
with
spring-actuated
collet
159
Clamp, a quick
Clamp, carpenter's
Clamp, clothes-pin
Clamp, saw
Clamp, saw, an improved
Clamps, two handy
Cliche
buggy
glider,
'
dine
.155
Broken
to
build
Bottle, cracked,
how
Chanute-type
for
or music stand.
55
51
64
55
57
52
alloj's
134
Clinching a nail
84
Clock mechanism for opening
furnace drafts
345
Clock
springs,
device
for
punching holes in
98
hanger for. 325
Clothespin on the handy man's
workbench
64
Closet, convenient
Cabinet, a corner
Cam
groove,
15
cutting
with
lathe
Carboii
disulphide,
scraping
from
Carpenter's clamp
Coasting skates
Coasting sled, bicycle
206
388
Coil
Cellars,
straighten175
flooded,
ejector
for
draining
358
Center of a shaft, method of
finding
loi
393
426
425
338
250
100
spring,
another
method
of making
51
ing
putting on
158
the
piston heads
leather,
new
some ex-
periments with
Carbon,
Clutch
Coil
spring,
70
spaced,
how
to
wind
69
machine for winding.
256
Compass, a clothespin
6.\
Cooker, fireless, an electrical. 330
Coils,
Cooker,
fireless,
cheaply con-
structed
Corner cabinet
328
.351
i:;
IN DEX
458
PAGE
Crank-pin bearings, taking up. 391
Crankpin turning device.... 168
Crankshaft bearings, tightening
made from...
Crate, tabouret
Curves traced by
Drills,
93
90
91
392
91
316
Driving a nail
196
Dry
Dry
elastic pen-
dulum
PAGE
Drilling holes in marbles
battery,
drills
82
how
to
make.
...
261
262
battery, restoring
E
228
Earthquake, locating
Earthquake recording instru-
ment
D'Arcet's metal
130
wireless
simple
telegraph
294
296
Detector, electrolytic...
Detector, magnetic,
Ejector
Elastic
Electric engine
249
Electrical
make
ments
with
fresh
Distilling
water
Dog
Dowel
an improved
plate,
Drafts,
clock
mechanism
Drawing
Drill
table
clearance
soft stone.
Drill press,
74
home-made
Electrical laboratory
parado.x
ringing
bell.
Electrolytic detector
rectifier,
309
247
296
for
81
249
...
391
172
elec-
247
tricity
and
104
Experiment,
34S
20
its
94
46
press
330
230
161
91
and
to
180
for
opening
233
63
.
396
from
sea water
192
Electrolytic
to con-
struct
178
.
anemometer, how
Electricitj'', static,
306
how
from
Electrical
alternating
current
Dirigible balloon,
196
338
300
68
357
fittings..
construc-
tion of
22^^
made of pipe
pendulum
49
interesting,
explanation
sulphide
214
206
33,
87
INDKX
459
Glider,
Factory, handy
man
Fans on machine
in
156
tools
172
Faucet, anti-freezing
Filing round
362
work
67
go
343
344
how
Fishnet,
to
Flasks, chemical,
mend
from
obtain
Frost,
fliaking,
with
Furnace
open
drafts,
carbon
disul-
209
Goblet, luminous
240
Gold solders
147
Grater
Grinder, a simple foot power.
Grindstone
Grindstone,
97
23
simple
foot
power
Grindstone,
24
artificial
24
ting
157
180
Gyroscope made
holes
carbon
47
24
164
324
from
disulphide
102
and
353
to
ladle
Glycerin
178
sea water
401
paper
367
Flying machine, "Diabolo"... 453
Flying machines, model, toy. 434
Fountain, Hero's, as a table
to
354
pots,
ornament
Fresh water,
how
328
electric
light globes
Flower
Chanute-typc,
build
92
from
bi-
cycle
195
207
let
the clock
H
345
Hammock, how
Hanger
to
mend
353
Gage
Gage
for augers
90
86
weather boards
Gage, the handy man's
Gas engines, muffler for
for
95
172
trolled
figures
silver solder
65
the house.
135
Heat motor
Heat motor, ornamental
Heat retaining bottle
216
217
334
120
nament
Holder
for
produced
141
314
369
i8r
by elastic pendulum
196
Geometrical figures produced
by "rotagon" apparatus.. 219
German
structing
324
broken
drills
shank
90
164
66
97
INDEX
460
PAGE
PAGK
Horizontal
99
13
holes,
guide
960
90
belting
Hose,
how
to
mend
365
reel on a hydrant
Hose, to repair leak in
House, the handy man about.
Hydrant, hose reel on
Hydraulic test for the boiler..
Hose
363
367
314
102
Ladle
Lamp
Lamp
Lamp
rheostat
290
shade, metal
318
3-0
acid
Lamps,
289
socket for
174
407
336
the
i6r
238
for
machine,
158
74
Lathe dog as a pipe wrench.
161
Lathe dog, correct shape for.
Lathe, milling attachment 'for. 156
.
stratifica-
vacuo
Iodine experiment
244
214
tion in
ment
Lawn
166
for
sprinkler,
home-made..
Leader made of
Leyden, unbreakable
Jar top, unscrewing
Jars, Leyden, substitute
230
Jar,
352
for
230
tin-foil
for
the
81
work
bench
two intermeshing
12
pieces 314
K
Karmarsch's composition
Kcyways, cutting, on a
364
393
cans
356
.
Level, a builder's
Leyden
Leyden
unbreakable
jar,
230
230
foil
making
212
Lipowitz's metal
I35
138
die
165
Machine
448
Magnetic
354
sinker
tin
setting
27
162
...
slide rest
Iceless refrigeration
solid,
adjustable
tungsten,
Lathe
Joint,
87
Sj
Lathe,
Influence
178
leg
363
experirrtents
230
Laboratory, electrical
Laboratory, experimental
Ladder extension
for
drilling
Hose
for
device
Holes in metal,
sawing
Hook, the bench
tools, fans
tion of
detector,
on
172
construc.300
XUl-X
INIagneto
logical effects
Marbles,
drilling-
holes in
testing
without
Milling
i\
how
327
252
Net,
93
422
Newton's metal
Nut and screw made without
351
250
mend
to
a lathe
Nut
lost,
167
396
O
Onion crate,
from
tabouret
made
103
316
Open-circuit telegraph system. 291
2>37
Oscillating
static
-electric
motor
233
349
attachment
for
the
lathe
156
88
machine, micrometer
attachment for
167
Mirror to prevent accidents.
395
Miter-box
Monoplane, a simple
Monoplane, divided
JNIilling
50
434
438
novel.. 451
Motor, alternating current.
263
Monoplane model,
Motor
buggy,
to
convert
current
306
216
Motor, heat
]\Iotor, heat,
ornamental
]Motor, oscillating,
217
sled
Motor, to
I\Iusic stand,
or book rest.
from
89
for
85
82
splitting
8t
309
340
196
211
214
machine for
252
176
314
321
67
from
wood
templet
Pitch,
the
367
adjustable
430
Nail, to prevent
201
172
..
339
wood with
233
install in small boat. 423
for
Paper, cutting
static-elec-
tric
Motor
333
130
71
substitute for
355
102
appa-
ratus
461
42-incli,
75
75
74
38S
cutting
groove of
157
Planing and shooting board. .. 13
Planing dog
63,
Platform bracket, painters'... 88
INUKX
462
1'.\<5E
Platinum and a
1 11
solder
lines,
15-
"Rotagons"
Round work, device for
292
162
Router
u ni
ways
to brace
219
find-
ing centers of
100
to
67
46
file
Pouring
invisible
vapor
208
Prechtl's composition
Preventer,
accident,
the
mo-
torist's
in
saw
Puzzles, chemical
woodwork.
of
bit
...
98
ing holes in
424
203
315
Sawing holes
98
Saw buck
Saw clamp
Saw clamp, an improved
Saw filing vise
blades,
66
for
Saw
395
Punching holes
Puzzling
138
Scaflfold, a
59
55
57
metal
in
American
188
Scientific
176
Reamer, an emergency
Rectifier,
electrolytic,
charging
ignition
94
for
bat-
283
teries
Regulator,
iceless
gas,
electrically
181
controlled
Replacing a
fire
pot
344
290
method
Rifle,
Rod
433
432
reducing range of
threader, substitute for.
Roller jack
71
60
to build
414
71
166
lathes
34
Scroll-saw guide
48
Scroll-saw,
router,
Sea
and
86
grinder,
tool
water,
drill-press. ...
how
to
39
obtain
180
fresh water from
Seismograph, home-made
222,
Selenium cell, construction of. 312
Shade, home-made metal lamp 318
Shade roller brackets, handle
made of
how to support
Shaft,
65
wiien
babbitting
Shaft,
loi
Sheet alloy
Rose's metal
Shoe
130
202
how
a lathe
2>^2>
ZZ^^
as a cut-
ting tool
Scooter,
57
99
88
center
stretcher,
loi
133
improvised... 353
INDEX
I'AGE
Shooting board
Shop, building the
1,3
Shop kinks
64
Shoulder chest
18
Silver solders
145
for..
179
463
PACE
aluminium
150
Solders and soldering agents. 107
Solders, Applebaum's compoSolders,
sitions
138
tin,
mold
for
132
Skates, coasting
426
Solders, brass
141
425
Solders, classification of
124
Sled, dirigible
428
Solders, copper
135
hand-motor
430
Sled, two ways of improving. 427
Solders, gold
147
139
Sled,
Socket,
adjustable,
for
tung-
sten lamps
Soft solders
Solder,
i6i
Solders,
German
123
silver
141
289
Solders,
hard
125
Solders,
Karmarsch's compo-
135
sition
152
153
137
Solder, bismuth
129
Solders,
134
metals
141
130
Solders, silver
145
Solder, fluid
128
Solders,
125
Solder aluminium,
how
to.
Solder, brass
138
prepared
141
from pure
soft
131
133
Solders, white
140
138
Solder, platinum
130
130
133
128
Solder, tin
124
weak soft
Wood's metal
128
no
Solder,
Solder,
135
Soldering apparatus
109
114
Soldering,
continuous
113
Soldering flame
iir
Soldering, hints on
117
no
421
wood, to prevent
the nail from
85
Sportsman, the handy
369
Spring, another method of
making
70
spaced
120
coil,
how
to
wind
69
to
Sprinkler, lawn
taking
Splitting the
Spring,
blast
apparatus
70
392
364
produced with
242
interrupted conductor
Star,
electric,
INDEX
464
Starting device for siphons...
179
ing
Static electricity, ringing bell.
Stock
bit,
a guide for
247
62
92
94
60
icals
Straightening
an
automobile
axle
390
Straightening
buckled
Stretcher
shoes,
for
45
64
Transformer for
bell circuits.
Tungsten
lamps,
279
60
adjustable
socket for
289
Turnbuckle, home-made
Turnbuckle, improvised
404
Turning of a
105
yj
ball
175
vacuo
424
76
cast-
ings
Stratification in
re-
pairing
233
Steam-box
method of
Tire, punctured,
244
Unscrewing
impro-
vised
Universal joint
78
a jar top
352
353
ence machine
Sj-nthetic
lilac,
245
2T2
making:
316
82
Tap, improvised
Tap wrench
93
Telegraph system, open-circuit 291
Telephone
lines,
ways
Valve, pipe,
Vise,
saw
291
ad-
justable
89
291
Thermometer, air
Thread cutting without a
Threader, substitute for
349
189
die.
68
71
356
124
132
67
75
57
71
V^oltaic battery,
W
Water, how to obtain fresh,
180
from sea water
Waterproof matches
351
86
Weatherboard gage
Weather
appa-
ratus
208
filing
292
244
home-made.. 358
an emergency. ... 75
cleaner,
to brace
poles for
stratification in
Vacuo,
Vacuum
apparatus for
boards,
tracing
profile of
Wimshurst machine
Wimshurst machine,
231
stratifica-
vacuo
244
Winding coils, machine for... 256
Wireless telegraph detector, a
tion in
simple
294
INDEX
PAGE
r.vc.E
Wireless
telegraph
Work
detector,
electrolytic
296
Wireless telegraph detector,
magnetic
300
Wood, cutting with paper.... 201
Wood's metal
Wood
screws,
I35
remedy
tightened
Work
Work
12
bench, the
shop, fitting up a
Wrench,
Wrench,
handy tap
for
loose
Work
93
.
74
86
the
II
Zincito,
artificial.
214
AUTHORS' INDEX
(_Sec
John R.
James
Allen,
Bailey,
3
4
Bayley,
Bergstrom, J. A.
Bishop, Alfred F.
Blake, Thaleon
G.
I.
W.
Bennett,
AI.
lO
Bourne, C. S.
Bonson, Herbert H.
Brachvogel, John K.
8
9
II
Bradley, R. E.
12
Brockman, Robert H.
13
Brophy,
14
Brouillet, J. O.
15
Brownell, Baker
i6
Carter, O. D.
J.
A.
17
Chapman, H. D.
i8
Cristadoro, Charles
19
Clark-Raymond,
JO
Clock, E. E.
W.
Jr.,
21
Cottercll,
22
Curtis, Clifton, J.
23
Cheney, C. D.
J.
B.
24
Dailey,
25
26
Dobree, B. E.
Fagan, Arthur
Fagan, T.
27
28
11.
Fenwick,
Thomas
W.
W.
29
Goebel,
30
Graves,
31
Gage, Edward G.
Hutchins, C. C.
Handy, L. Gessford
32
33
J.
D.
34
Harrison, Walton
35
Heron, George
Heuser, R. V.
Hopkins, George M.
37
foot note
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RUSSELL BOND
J2mo
338 Pages.
3J4
HIS book
Illustrations.
is a sequel to
American Boy,' many thousand copies of
which have been sold, and has proven very popular with the boys. The main object
book is to instruct how to build various devices and apparatus, particularly for
outdoor use. The construction of the apparatus is fully described and the instructions
are interwoven in a story, a feature which has assisted in making the " Scientific
American Boy " so popular and interesting to the boy.
It takes up the story of " Bill " and several of his companions at boarding school.
They form a mysterious Egyptian soaety. whose object is to emulate the resourcefulness of the ancients.
Their Chief ,'\strologer and Priest of the Sacred Scarabeus is
gifted with unusal powers, but his magic is explained so that others can copy it.
Under
the directions of the Chief Engineer, dams, bridges and canal-locks are constructed.
The Chief Admiral and Naval Constructor builds many types of boats, some of
which are entirely new. The Chief Craftsman and the Chief Artist also have their
the work done by the Society, over which Pharaoh and his Grand Vizier have charge.
Following is a
1
"The
Scientific
of the
parts in
of the chapters
list
Chapter I. Initiation Chapter II. Building a Dam Chapter III. The Skiff Chapter IV. The Lake House
Chapter V.
Midnight Surprise Chapter VI. Tlie Modern Order of Ancient Engineers
Chapter VII.
"Pedal-Paddle-Boat"; Chapter VIII. Surveying; Chapter IX. Sounding the Lake; Chapter X. Signaling
Systems; Chapter XI. The Howe Truss Bridge
Chapter XI!. The Seismograph; Chapter XIII. The Canal
Lock; Chapter XIV. Hunting with a Camera Chapter XV. The Gliding Machine; Chapter XVI. Camping
Ideas; Chapter XVII. The Haunted House; Chapter XVlll. Sun Dials and Clepsydras; Chapter XIX. The
Fish-Tail Boat
Chapter XX. Kile Photography
Chapter XXI. Water-Kites and Current Sailing
Chapter
XXII. The Wooden Canoe; Chapter XXIII. The Bicycle Sleigh; Chapter XXIV. Magic Chapter
The Sailboat Chapter XXVI. Water Sports, and Chapter XXVII.
Geyser Fountain.
;
XXV.
16mo.
140
196 Pages
I
Illustrations
America
HIS work
11. Covering the Wire Frames and Mod1. Making Wire Forms and Frames;
eling the Cement Mortar Into Form; III. Plaster Molds for Simple Forms; IV.
Plaster Molds for Objects Having Curved Outlines ; V. Combination of Ceisting
and Modeling An Egyptian Vase VI. Glue Molds; VII. Colored Cements and
Method' Used for Producing Designs with Same; VIII. Selection of Aggregates
IX. Wooden Molds Ornamental Flower Pots Modeled by Hand and Inlaid with
Colored Tile; X. Concrete Pedestals; XI. Concrete Benches; XII. Concrete
finces; XIII. Miscellaneous, Including Tools, Waterproofing and Reinforcing.
expISm
The first two chapters
a most unique and original method of working potter/ which has been developed
by the author. The chapter on color work alone is worth many times the cost of the book inasmuch as there is
The author has taken
little known on this subject, and there is a large and growmg demand for this class of work.
for granted that the reader knows nothing whatever about the material and has explained each progressive step in
the various operations throughout in detail. These directions have been supplemented with half-tones and line
The eimateur craftsman who has been working
illustrations which are so clear that no one can misunderstand them.
in clay will especially appreciate the adaptability of concrete for pottery work, inasmuch as it is a cold process
throughout, thus doing away with the necessity of kiln-firing, which is necessary with the former material. The
book is well gotten up, and is printed on heavy glazed paper and abounds in handsome illustrations throughout, which
clearly
show
MUNN &
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REVISED EDITION
^he
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MUNN &
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Twenty-fifth Edition
EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCE
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XPERIMENTAL SCIENCE
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^Experimental
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''^'
-WHENCE
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"Experimental Science."
It
is
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motor for a 110 volt circuit.
It can be operated
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10 volt lamp socket, yielding a full '4 H. P.,
or it may be used as a dynamo, furnishing a current capable
electric
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II
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The
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conclusively that
who
it
desire a general
is
Natural Philosophy.
Send
MUNN &
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HOME MECHANICS
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M.
320
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420
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