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Intraarticular Fractures of the First Metacarpal Base (A). An intraarticular fracture at the base of the first metacarpal with radial and
proximal displacement is a Bennett's fracture (B). A comminuted intraarticular fracture at the base of the first metacarpal is a
Rolando's fracture (C).
It is an oblique intra-articular fracture of the base of the first metacarpal with subluxation or dislocation of the metacarpal. It is
sustained as a result of a longitudinal force applied to the thumb.
Treatment: Accurate reduction and restoration of the smooth joint surface is important. This is because, being an intra-articular
fracture, if not reduced accurately, it will lead to incongruity of the articular surfaces. This would increase the chances of developing
osteoarthritis. The following methods of treatment are used:
a. Closed reduction and percutaneous K-wire fixation under an image intensifier, is a good technique. K-wire is used and
incorporated in a plaster cast.
b. Open reduction and internal fixation with a K-wire or a screw may be necessary in some cases.
(a.) Gallows
(c.) Russells
(2.) Ans: c.
Exp. Russells
(b.) Bryants
(d.) Bucks
Optic nerve meningiomas account from approximately a third of all optic nerve neoplasms; optic nerve gliomas are the most
common entity. Unlike optic nerve gliomaswhich occur primarily in children, optic nerve meningiomas are usually seen in adults
(mean age at presentation 40 years), however up to 25% present in children, in which case they tend to be more aggressive
Similar to meningiomas elsewhere there is a female predilection
The vast majority of cases are sporadic, although patients with neurofibromatosis type II(NF2) are at increased risk.
On axial or oblique sagittal imaging the enhancing tumour surrounding the non-enhancing optic nerve results in the so-called tramtrack sign. This is most evident in tumours with tubular growth pattern.
(a.) 7 months
(b.) 10 months
(c.) 13 months
(d.) 15 months
(4.) Ans: b.
Exp. 10 months
Diagonal localization of the sources of sound occurs at 10 months
(5.) Ans: a.
Exp. Fanconi anemia
This is radial ray defects seen in Fanconi anemia. It present in a wide spectrum they include absent or hypoplastic thumbs. The
thenar hypoplasia may be missed unless carefully examined.
(6.) The cells shown in the figure with arrow is found in which condition?
(a.) Thalassemia
(c.) B12 deficiency
(b.) CRF
(d.) Aplastic anemia
(6.) Ans: b.
Exp. CRF
The red blood cells in uremia may acquire numerous, regularly spaced, small spiny projections. Such cells, called burr cells or
echinocytes, are readily distinguishable from irregularly spiculated acanthocytes or spur cells.
(7.) The . Given in picture may help to manage a shoulder dystocia during vaginal delivery-
(a.) Takayasu
(b.) Giant cell arteritis
(c.) PAN
(d.) Wageners granulomatosis
(8.) Ans: A.
Exp. Takayasu
RAS occur in Takayasus and atherosclerosis.
Angiogram illustrating high-grade renal artery stenosis affecting the left kidney. This lesion is often part of widespread
atherosclerosis and sometimes is an extension of aortic plaque. This lesion develops in older individuals with preexisting
atherosclerotic risk factors.
(9.) What is your diagnosis?
12. What is the osmolarity at point X in the diagram below if ADH is present?
A) Hypertonic
B) Hypotonic
C) Isotonic
D) Hypertonic if aldosterone is also present
PIVA is also called as PDA (posterior descending artery). The PDA supplies the inferior wall, ventricular septum, and the
posteromedial papillary muscle.
14. What is the your diagnosis of the following examination of the fundus?
17. A 1-week-old black infant presents to you for the first time with a large, fairly well-defined, purple lesion over the buttocks
bilaterally, as shown in the photograph. The lesion is not palpable, and it is not warm or tender. The mother denies trauma and
reports that the lesion has been present since birth. This otherwise well-appearing infant is growing and developing normally and
appears normal upon physical examination. The most likely diagnosis in this infant is (See Fig)
18. If you could histologically examine the spinal cord of a patient who had experienced a viral illness 10 years before in which
only the neurons of the area shown below in diagram were destroyed, what findings would you expect?
(See Color Atlas, Figure 10)
The area damaged is primary motor cortex, area 4. The neurons of the primary motor cortex contribute about one-third of the
axons that make up the corticospinal tract. Other tracts, such as the rubrospinal, do not sprout additional axons. The alpha motor
neurons do not atrophy if deprived of corticospinal input.
19. Which of the following most likely cause of the color photo given below.
(A)N. gonorrhoeae
(B) Fungal infection
(C) Adenovirus
(D) E. Coli
19. Ans. A. N. gonorrhoeae
N. gonorrhoeae causes conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, proctitis or urethritis, prostatitis and orchitis.
Conjunctivitis is common in neonates (newborns), and silver nitrate or antibiotics are often applied to their eyes as a preventive
measure against gonorrhoea. Neonatal gonorrheal conjunctivitis is contracted when the infant is exposed to N. gonorrhoeae in
the birth canal and can lead to corneal scarring or perforation, resulting in blindness in the neonate.
(A) Retinoblastoma
(B) Cataract
(C) PHPV
(D) Coats disease
20. Ans. (B) Cataract
This is the case of congenital cataract.
Classification of cataract by etiology
Age-related cataract
Cortical senile cataract
Immature senile cataract (IMSC): partially opaque lens, disc view hazy
Mature senile cataract (MSC): completely opaque lens, no disc view
Hypermature senile cataract (HMSC): liquefied cortical matter: Morgagnian cataract
Senile nuclear cataract
Cataracta brunescens
Cataracta nigra
Cataracta rubra
Congenital cataract
Sutural cataract
Lamellar cataract
Zonular cataract
Total cataract
Secondary cataract
Drug-induced cataract (e.g. corticosteroids)
Traumatic cataract
Blunt trauma (capsule usually intact)
Penetrating trauma (capsular rupture and leakage of lens materialcalls for an emergency surgery for extraction of
lens and leaked material to minimize further damage)