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PREPARAO DE SOLUES
1- OBJETIVOS:
- Aperfeioar a tcnica de pesagem;
- Aperfeioar a tcnica de transferncia de volumes;
- Aperfeioar a tcnica de preparo de solues;
- Aperfeioar clculos.
2- FUNDAMENTOS TERICOS:
Solues so misturas de duas ou mais substncias que apresentam um aspecto uniforme,
ou seja, so misturas homogneas. Elas so formadas por um ou mais solutos (substncias
dissolvidas) e um solvente, que a substncia presente em maior quantidade e que dissolve as
outras substncias.
Podemos estabelecer diferentes relaes entre a quantidade de soluto, de solvente e de
soluo. Tais relaes so denominadas genericamente concentraes.
2.1- CONCENTRAO COMUM (C):
Tambm chamada concentrao em g/L (grama por litro), relaciona a massa do soluto em
gramas com o volume da soluo em litros.
C = m1/V
2.2- CONCENTRAO EM QUANTIDADE DE MATRIA (M):
Cientificamente, mais usual esta concentrao, que relaciona a quantidade de soluto
(mol) com o volume da soluo, geralmente em litros. Sua unidade mol/L:
n1
M= V
2.3- TTULO ():
Pode relacionar a massa de soluto com a massa da soluo ou o volume do soluto com o
volume da soluo.
m1
v1
= m1+ m2 e = v1+ v 2
O ttulo em massa no tem unidade, pois uma diviso de dois valores de massa (massa
do soluto pela massa da soluo), e as unidades se cancelam. Como a massa e o volume de
soluto nunca podero ser maiores que os da prpria soluo, o valor do ttulo nunca ser
maior que 1.
Multiplicando o ttulo por 100, teremos a porcentagem em massa ou em volume de soluto
na soluo (% m/m):
% m/m = .100
- Transferir 15 mL com a pipeta volumtrica e uma pera de suco para um Becker de 100
mL na balana semi-analtica;
- Anotar dados;
- Calcular a densidade da soluo;
- Com o valor da concentrao em % m/v e o valor da densidade, calcular a concentrao
da soluo preparada em % m/m.
5.2- SOLUO COM CONCENTRAO %m/m:
- Pesar 15g de cloreto de sdio necessrio para preparar 150g de uma soluo 10% m/m,
pesar em uma balana semi-analtica com um Becker de 250 ml;
- Adicionar gua deionizada ao Becker ainda na balana com ajuda do pissete, at atingir
150g;
- Levar a bancada e homogeneizar com basto de plstico;
- Fazer lavagem qumica de um frasco para reagente;
- Transferir a soluo para o frasco com ajuda de um funil analtico com ranhura e do
basto de plstico;
- Rotular o frasco;
- Transferir um pouco de soluo para um Becker de 100 mL e fazer lavagem qumica;
- Fazer lavagem qumica de uma pipeta volumtrica de 10 mL;
- Transferir 10 mL com a pipeta volumtrica para um Becker de 250 mL na balana semianaltica;
- Anotar dados;
- Calcular a densidade da soluo;
- Com o valor da concentrao em % m/m e o valor da densidade, calcular a concentrao
da soluo preparada em % m/v.
6- REAES:
- Sem reaes.
7- CLCULOS E\OU RESULTADOS:
7.1- SOLUO COM CONCENTRAO %m/v:
- Clculo para achar concentrao %m/v:
- 250 mL de soluo
{10gm -NaCl
100 mL de soluo
m = 4g de NaCl 4%m/v
m
v
15,30
d = 15
d = 1,02g/mL
- 102g de soluo
{ 4gm- de100gsoluto
de soluo
m = 102g de soluo
- Clculo para achar massa de soluto necessria para preparo de 150g de soluo a 10%
m/m:
de soluto - 100g de soluo
{ 10g
m - 150g de soluo
m
v
10,68
d = 10,0
d = 1,07g/mL
v = 93,5 mL de soluo
8- CONCLUSES:
- Foi possvel relembrar as tcnicas de pesagem e preparo de solues, assim como seus
clculos.
9- ESQUEMA:
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REFERNCIAS BIBLIOGRFICAS
- Brasil Escola, disponvel em: < http://www.brasilescola.com/quimica/titulo-ouporcentagem-massa.htm >, acessado em 11 de fevereiro de 2016;
- Brasil Escola, disponvel em: < http://www.brasilescola.com/quimica/concentracaomol-l-ou-molaridade.htm >, acessado em 11 de fevereiro de 2016.
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