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Work, Energy and Power

.
(i) Turning forces concept, moment of force; forces in equilibrium, centre of gravity (discussions using
simple examples and simple direct problems).
.
(iv) Work, energy, power, and their relation with force (simple numerical problems included)
(iii) Different types of energy (e.g., chemical energy, gravitational-potential energy, kinetic energy,
nuclear energy, heat energy, elastic energy, electrical energy, nuclear energy, sound energy, light
energy).
(iv) Principle of conservation of energy.

A Concise
FORMULAS

(4) Power (P)

1
= 2 mv2.
= Force (F) Displacement (d).
= F d cos .
Work done (W)
mgh
FS
= Time taken (t) = t
= t

(5) Energy (E)

= Power (P) time (t).

(6) Potential energy (P.E.)

= m g h.
Useful work
= Power input or Power rating
p2
= 2m

(1) Kinetic energy (K.E.)


(2) Work done (W)
(3) Work done (W)

(7) Efficiency ()
(8) K.E.

(9) Conservation of momentum


m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2
(10) Power

= Force Average speed

P = F v.
(11) By law of conservation of energy
P.E. = K.E.
Types of Transformation of Energy and their Examples :
(i) Electrical energy into mechanical energy : Electric fan, electric
motor.
(ii) Electric energy into light and heat energy : Filament lamp.
(iii) Heat energy into mechanical energy : Steam engine.
(iv) Light energy into electrical energy : Photo cell.
(v) Mechanical energy into electrical energy : Dynamo.
(vi) Electrical energy into sound energy : Loud speaker.
(vii) Sound energy into electrical energy : Microphone.

(viii) Conversion of part of nuclear mass into heat energy : Nuclear


reaction.
(ix) Light
energy
into
chemical
energy
:
Photosynthesis
and
photographic film exposed.
(x) Heat energy changes into electrical energy : Burning of coal.
(xi) Chemical energy of the pasted chemical converts into heat and
light energy : Striking a match box with a match stick.
(xii) Electrical energy changes to potential energy : In electrolysis.
(xiii) Potential energy changes to electrical energy : P.E. of stored
water in dam changes into electrical energy in generators.
(xiv) Kinetic energy changes to heat energy : Water freezes in fridge.
(xv) Chemical energy changes to heat energy : Food digested by animal.
(xvi) K.E. changes to P.E. changes to K.E. : Thrown stone vertically
above stopes at height then comes downwards.
(xvii) Chemical energy changes to light energy : Magnesium ribbon burns
in air.
Units of Some Quantities
Quantities
(1) Force, Weight

(2) Force
(3) Momentum
(4) Work done
or energy

(5) Power

(6) Consumed
energy

Units
(105

Dynes)
Newton
or kg.m/sec2.
(ii) Dyne
or g cm/sec2.
(iii)
1 g.f. = 980 dynes
(iv)
1 kg.f. = 98 N.
(i)
Newton sec.
(ii) Dyne sec.
(i)
Joule (107 ergs)
(ii) Erg
(iii)
1 Kilo joule = 103 J
1 Mega joule = 106 J
1 Giga joule = 109 J
(i)
Joule/sec. or Watt.
(ii)
1 Kilo watt = 103 watt
1 Mega watt = 106 watt
1 Giga watt = 109 watt
(iii)
1 Horse power = 746 watt.
(i)

(i)
(ii)

1 Kilo watt hour = 36 106 J


1 Watthour = 3600 J.

System
S.I.
C.G.S.
C.G.S.
S.I.
S.I.
C.G.S.
S.I.
C.G.S.
Bigger units
S.I.
Bigger units

S.I.
S.I.

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