Table Of Contents

Abstract .. 2
Introduction 2
Definition
Functionality

2
2

Security 4
Usability 5
Usability Attributes 7
Comparing Usability Problems Faced By User When Using Browsers in Mobile and
computer 9
Recommendations for Improving the Interface Design

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Conclusion 11
References

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Abstract
This paper recognizes and clarifies main issues confronted by user while using distinctive
web browsers. There are numerous inconveniences in web browsers like security,
visibility, convenience, productivity, precision and so forth. This paper will be primarily
concentrating on the primary issues confronted by everybody in everyday life such as
security and visibility. In the present situation no browser is safe and secure.
Introduction
Definition
A web browser (normally referred to as a browser) is a product application for
recovering, showing, and exchanging data assets on the World Wide Web. A data asset is
distinguished by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI/URL) and might be a page, picture,
video or other bit of substance. Hyperlinks present in assets empower clients effectively
to explore their programs to related assets.
Functionality
The main role of a web browser is to convey data assets to the clients, permitting
them to see the data and then access other information ("navigation", "following
links").This process starts when the client inputs a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), for
instance www.google.com/. The prefix of the URL, the Uniform Resource Identifier or
URI, decides how the URL will be deciphered. The most normally utilized sort of URI
begins with http: and distinguishes a resource to be recovered over the Hypertext Transfer
Protocol (HTTP). Numerous Browsers also support a variety of other prefixes, such as

https: for HTTPS, ftp: for the File Transfer Protocol, and file: for local files. Prefixes that
the web program can't straightforwardly handle are frequently given off to another
application altogether. For instance, mailto: URIs are normally gone to the user's default
email application, and news: URIs are gone to the client's default newsgroup reader.
On account of http, https, record, and others, once the resource has been
recovered the browser will show it. HTML and related substance (picture records,
designing data, for example, CSS, and so on.) is gone to the browser's layout engine to be
transformed from markup to an interactive document, a process known as "rendering".
Beside HTML, web browsers can generally display any kind of content that can be part
of a web page. Most browsers can show pictures, sound, video, and XML documents, and
frequently have modules to support Flash applications and Java applets. Upon
encountering a file of an unsupported type or a file that is set up to be downloaded rather
than displayed, the browser prompts the user to save the file to disk.
Information resources might contain hyperlinks to other Information resources.
Every connection contains the URI of a resource to go to. At the point when a link is
clicked, the browser explores to the resource showed by the link's target URI, and the
procedure of conveying substance to the client starts once more.
All major browsers permit the user to open numerous information resources in the
meantime, either in various browser windows or in various tabs of the same window.
Significant programs also incorporate pop-up blockers to keep undesirable windows from
"popping up" without the user's consent. Most web browsers can show a rundown of
pages that the user has bookmarked so that the user can rapidly come back to them.
Bookmarks are likewise called "favorites" in Internet Explorer. In addition, all real web
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browsers have some type of implicit web feed aggregator. Besides, most browsers can be
developed by means of modules, downloadable parts that give extra features.
In this paper we are going to discuss about security, usability and visibility
problems general faced by users when using browsers in different devices. And this paper
also compares the functionality of browser in different devices and expose the
complication.
Security
Security is the level of imperviousness to, or protection from harm. It applies to
any powerless and significant resource, for example, a person, information, association,
and so on. Browser security is the application of Internet security to web browsers
keeping in mind the end goal to protect arranged information and PC frameworks from
ruptures of protection or malware. Security exploits of programs regularly uses
JavaScript infrequently with cross-site scripting (XSS) in some cases with an optional
payload utilizing Adobe Flash. Security exploits can also exploit vulnerabilities that are
generally misused in all browsers.
Web browsers can be breached in one or more of the following ways:

Operating system is traded off and malware is perusing/adjusting the program

memory space in privilege mode.

Operating system has a malware running as a background process, which is

altering the program memory space in special mode.

Main browser executable can be hacked.
Browser components may be hacked.
Browser plugins can be hacked.
Browser network communications could be intercepted outside the machine.
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The browser may not know about any of the ruptures above and might indicate user a
protected connection is made.
At whatever point a program communicates with a site, as a component of that
communication site, gathers some data about the browser. In the event that malevolent
code has been embedded into the site's substance, or in a most dire outcome imaginable,
if that site that has been particularly intended to have noxious code, then vulnerabilities
particular to a specific browser can permit this malignant code to run forms inside of the
browser application in unintended ways. Once an attacker can run forms on the guest's
machine, then exploiting known security vulnerabilities can permit the attacker to
increase advantaged access to the "infected" system keeping in mind the end goal to
perform a significantly more noteworthy assortment of malignant procedures and
activities, on the machine or even the victim's entire network.
Usability
Usability means making items and frameworks easy to utilize, and more nearly to
user needs and necessities. Usability is about making things easy to use by less thinking
furthermore getting less disappointment. According to international standard, ISO 924111, usability is characterized as the degree to which a product can be utilized by indicated
users to accomplish determined objectives with viability, proficiency and fulfillment in a
predetermined setting of utilization.
Usability incudes techniques for measuring ease of use, for example, needs analysis and
the study of the standards behind an object's apparent proficiency. In human-computer
interaction and software engineering, usability studies the style and clarity with which the

communication with a computer program or a site is designed. Usability varies from user
satisfaction and user experience since usability additionally considers convenience.
Usability is frequently associated with the functionalities of the product, in
addition to being solely a characteristic of the user interface. For instance, in the
connection of standard consumer products, a car without a reverse gear could be viewed
as unusable as indicated by the previous view, and ailing in utility as per the last view.
While assessing user interfaces for usability, the definition can be as basic as "The
perception of a target user of the effectiveness and efficiency of the Interface". Every
segment might be measured subjectively against criteria.
e.g., Principles of User Interface Design, to provide a metric, often expressed as a
percentage. It is important to distinguish between usability testing and usability
engineering. Usability testing is the measurement of ease of use of a product or piece of
software. In contrast, usability engineering (UE) is the research and design process that
ensures a product with good usability.
Usability is a non-useful requirement. Similarly as with other non-functional
prerequisites, usability can't be specifically measured however it can be evaluated by
indirect measures or attributes, for example, the quantity of reported issues with ease of a
system.
A website should do all the work and present visitors only with the things theyre
looking for. Usability is also about the experience people have using the website, so
attention to detail matters, as do the presentation and feel of the page.

Usability Attributes
Ease of use
As Chrusch's expressed in his article Seven Great Myths of Usability that,
Usability is user interface design it is true in light of the fact that a decent application
must be extremely intuitive and it needs to perform the exact function tended to perform
with all the more productively and adequately. Numerous browsers don't give ease of use
for example, safari browser is extremely unpredictable to use for first time user. If
someone is using this browser for the first time the user cannot be able to use the
application efficiently. For instance take other browser like Google chrome it is easy to
use. So, for a decent browser usability is vital. Similarly it simple to utilize browser in
laptop than in mobile phone since all the browser features are not accessible in mobile
phone because of its small screen and less RAM.
Learnability
According to ISO/IEC 9126, learnability is the ability of a software product to
empower the user to figure out how to utilize it. Learnability might be considered as a
part of usability, and is of real worry in the outline of complex software applications. A
decent application must be effectively learned by all users such as Novice, Advanced
Beginner, Competent Performer, and Expert. Browser follows learnability concept
because functionality of browsers are same in both mobile and PC.
Intuitive
As Raskin said in his article intuitive or transparency is must for every application
because for example when we are searching for some good offer for mobile phone in e6

commerce website and we saw a good deal then we want to buy that phone but when we
click on buy in computer it will redirect to the payment page but in mobile application
when we click on buy it will not redirect to payment page. Because the security and
functionality of browsers in mobile is less. Here when click on buy it will redirect to
payment page but we cannot see the process going on in background to perform this task.
Therefore we can say that the browsers are not intuitive.
But always intuitive is not needed because sometimes it is good to be less or no
intuitive for security reasons.
Simplicity
Simplicity is the state or quality of being simple. Something which is easy to
understand or explain seems simple, in contrast to something complicated. Alternatively,
as Herbert A. Simon suggests, something is simple or complex depending on the way we
choose to describe it.
A good browser must be simple to use that is user of any level must be able to
understand and use the application effectively and efficiently.

User Centered (was User Friendly)

As specified by Shneiderman User-centered application is exceptionally important
on the grounds that the final user is the principle user.so the engineer must think about the
user's prerequisite when planning the browser application.

Feedback
A decent application must give feedback to client when the user gets stuck sooner
or later of work. Since new user don't know how to utilize the application.
Comparing Usability Problems Faced By User When Using Browsers in Mobile and
computer
When using browsers in mobile the user faces the problems like Feedback,
Simplicity, Ease of use, Learnability and Security. Because the screen of mobile is small
and it cannot show all the web pages and to open some pages requires additional features
which are not available in mobile browsers because of it low RAM. But when using
browser in computer we do not face any of this problems because of its large screen and
large RAM.
When i conducted an experiment to see the usability problems faced by users I
gave same tasks to a persons to open the website www.icicibank.com and make an online
fund transfer .Once do this task from laptop and do the same with the help of mobile
phone
Performing task with laptop
Person who is an experienced user in browsing net directly opened the icici
banks site and logged in with the user name and password and perform the transfer
easily
Performing the task with mobile phone

Now when same person tries to preform same task with mobile phone he opens
m.icicibank.com and when he is trying to an online fund transfer he had to go multiple
steps to perform the task. so he went through all the steps and made an online transfer

Snapshot of icici site in laptop

Snapshot of icici site in mobile

Because of all the above HCI concept above the browser is not good application
as it is not satifying the HCI usability concepts in mobile

Recommendations for Improving the Interface Design

Browsers are working well in computer but they fail to satisfy the HCI concepts in
mobile phones so i recommend to improve the browser performance and features in
mobile browsers.
A force refresh or reload will cause the browser to re-check with the web server to make
sure it has the latest copy of the web page you are viewing. Here are keyboard shortcuts
for force refreshing your browser.
Each time you access a web page, your web browser stores a temporary copy of the files
needed to display the web page to you. Those temporary files are called the browser
cache. If your cache is not updating properly or if its stuck, you could be viewing an
older version of some of the supporting files that run WordPress.com. If you clear the
cache, this will force your browser to fetch all of the files for a website again, so you will
see the most recent version of the page.
Use a good antivirus program against viruses from a big company.
Be careful when connecting to public and free wireless networks.
Conclusion
From all the above principles of usability attributes we can say that the browser is
good for large RAM and screen applications. And less effective on mobile devices.
Programs should follow all the usability attributes discussed above to reduce the usability
problems faced by users when using browsers on mobile.

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References
[1] Shneiderman, B. (1998). Designing the user interface: Strategies for effective humancomputer-interaction. Reading, Mass: Addison Wesley Longman.
[2] Raskin, J. (2007). The humane interface: New directions for designing interactive
systems. Boston: Addison-Wesley.
[3] S., A.B. Whinston, and H. Zhang, Building Trust in the Electronic Market through an
Economic Incentive Mechanism, Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference
on Information Systems, Vol. 20:208-213, Charlotte, North Carolina, December 1999
[4] Galitz,W.O., The Essential Guide to User Interface Design: An Introduction to GUI
Design Principles and Techniques: Wiley, 2002.

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