Chapter24:Censorship and Access to expression

Quote: " The benefits we receive from having these interests satisfied (and the
harms from not having them satisfied) will not be easily overridden. Second, we
have to ask ourselves not what in principle it might be good to censor. We have
to ask ourselves what in actual practice would be the consequences of having pol
icies in place that restrict access. It is at this point that slippery slope and ch
illing effect arguments might have some force."
What I expect to learn:
I expect to learn how to determin a censor by out acces to expression.
Review:
The right to freedom of speech and expression is closely related to other right
s, and may be limited when conflicting with other rights. The right to freedom o
f expression is manifested within court proceedings. As a general principle free
dom of expression may noy limit the right to privacy, as well as the honor and r
eputation of others. However greater latitude is given when criticism of public
figures is involved. The right to freedom of expression for all.Freedom of speec
h and expression has a long history that predates modern international human rig
hts instruments. It is thought that ancient Athens democratic ideology of free sp
eech may have emerged in the late 6th or early 5th century BC. According to Geor
ge Makdisi and Hugh Goddard, "the idea of academic freedom" in universitieswas "
modelled on Islamic custom" as practiced in the medievalMadrasah system from the
9th century. Islamic influence was "certainly discernible in the foundation of
the first deliberately-planned university" in Europe, the University of Naples F
ederico II founded by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor in 1224.Before the invent
ion of theprinting press a writing, once created, could only be physically multi
plied by the highly laborious and error-prone process of manual copying out and
an elaborate system of censorship and control overscribes existed. Printing allo
wed for multiple exact copies of a work, leading to a more rapid and widespread
circulation of ideas and information (seeprint culture). The origins ofcopyright
law in most European countries lie in efforts by the church and governments to
regulate and control the output of printers.Locke established the individual as
the unit of value and the bearer of rights to life, liberty, property and the pu
rsuit of happiness. It was the role of Government to protect these rights and th
is belief was first enshrined in the US Constitution, with the First Amendment a
dding the guarantee that "Congress shall make no law... abridging the freedom
of speech, or of the press". John Stuart Mill argued that human freedom is good
and without it there can be no progress in science, law or politics, which accor
ding to Mill required free discussion of opinion. Mill's On Liberty, published i
n 1859 became a classic defence of the right to freedom of expression.
What did I learned
I learnned that the concept of freedom of information has emerged in response to
state sponsored, censorship, monitoring and surveillance of the internet.
Integrative Questions
1.) What is the right of freedom of speech and expression?
2.) What is Relationship to other rights?
3.) What is freedom of speech?
4.) What is the importance of democracy?
5.) What is the internet and information society?