Department of Mechanical &

Manufacturing Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering, UPM

Course: Manufacturing Process I

Course Code: EMM 3712
Session: Semester 1 (2015/2016)

Report Title:

Surface Texture Measurement (M3)

Group 8
Group members

Matric no.

Munirah Binti Rahim Bakar

162230

Elbara Mohamed

175602

Muhammad Faris Al-Hakim Bin Che

177142

Othman
Muhammad Redzuan Bin Kamarudin

180590

Xiao Jun

ES00665

Date of experiment: 27 November 2015

Date of submission: 4 Disember 2015
Lecturer Name: Prof. Madya Ir. Dr. B. T. Hang Tuah bin Baharudin
Demonstrator Name: Mohd Noral Aqla bin Abdullah

Task division

Name

Contribution

Signature

Xiao Jun

Objectives and Introduction

Redzuan

Procedure and Specimen

Munirah

Results

Elbara

Discussion

Faris

Conclusion and compile report

Objective
To determine the value of Ra ( average roughness value) ,
peak to valley heightand

(average

( maximum peak to valley height)

Introduction
The terms surface finish and surface roughness are used very widely in industry and
are generally used to quantify the smoothness of a surface finish. In 1947, the
American standard B46.1-1947, surface texture defined many of the concepts of
surface metrology and terminology which overshadowed previous standards.
However it can be defined as follow:
Roughness - surface irregularities resulting from the production process rather than
from the machine.
Waviness - the component of texture upon which roughness is superimposed.

Attributable to characteristics of an individual machine.

Form - the general shape of the surface, upon which the roughness and waviness
characteristics are superimposed.
Profile Curve - the profile curve is the contour of a surface inter sectioned by a plane
perpendicular to the surface.
Roughness Curve - the roughness curve is obtained by filtering the profile curve with
a wave filter. The wave length limit for filtering is called cut-off valve, X.
Average roughness value, Ra - Ra is made on the roughness curve within the
sampling length along the centerline. Roughness curve is indicated as y =f ( x) where
the centerline is X - axis and the direction of the vertical magnification is Y- axis.

Average roughness value, Ra

Ra value is given by the formula

Where

Ra =average roughness value.

is total areas above and blow the centerline.
=simpling length

Ten point height, Rz

Ten point height Rz - the ten point height Rz is evaluated from the profile curve as the
average distance between the five highest peaks and the five deepest valleys within
the sampling length measured from a line parallel to the mean line and not crossing
the profile curve.

Rz value is given by the formula

Where Rz = ten point height

R1, R3......R9,= five highest peak
R2, R4,.......R10 =five deepest valley.
Maximum height,
is evaluated from the profile curve as the average
distance between two line parallel to the mean line and touching the profile curve at
the highest and lowest point , respectively within the sampling length.

Maximum height, R

Specimen and equipment

1. Surface test
2. Precision reference block (PRN-10)
3. Workpiece

Procedure

Results
Value from manufacturer calibration:
RA = 2.4 m
RZ = 9.9 m
Value of calibration from experiment:
RA = 2.418 m
RZ = 9.92 m
Percentage difference:
RA =

(2.418 2.4)
2.4

x 100%

= 0.75 %

RZ =

(9.92 9.9)
9.9

= 0.20 %

x 100%

Table 1 Readings of RA and RZ for different surfaces

RA readings (m)
Surface

Calibration
Unmachining
surface

2.405

2.406

2.442

1.377

1.537

0.144

RZ readings (m)
Averag

Average

2.418

9.80

9.97

10.00

9.92

1.182

1.365

6.41

6.91

5.39

6.24

0.154

0.348

0.215

0.79

0.96

1.81

1.19

0.188

0.221

0.194

0.201

0.90

1.36

1.21

1.16

0.971

0.777

0.796

0.848

6.10

4.85

4.83

5.26

0.127

0.176

0.166

0.156

0.87

1.81

1.47

1.38

Low speed
surface
grinding
High speed
surface
grinding
Milled
surface
Non-milling
surface

Figure 1 Calibrator block

Figure 2 Unmachining surface

Figure 3 High speed surface grinding

Figure 4 Milled surface

Figure 5 Non-milling surface

Discussion

conclusion
Roughness plays an important role in determining how a real object will interact with
its environment. Rough surfaces usually wear more quickly and have higher friction
coefficients than smooth surfaces. The rough surface may form nucleation sites for
cracks or corrosion. The surface finish depend on the application. Sometimes rough
surface also needed for some component. Therefore, it is important to know the value
of roughness for every specimens to determine the specification that are needed for
making the product in industries.