INFANT TODDLER
0-12 MONTHS 12 - 36 MONTHS
GROWTH double birth wt by 6 mo. Ht
increases 1 inch/mo for 6 mo
and then grow comes in
spurts.
FINE grasp objects 2-3 mo. Transfer Improved manual dexterity age
object between hands 7 mo,
pincer grasp at 10 mo, remove hand. Tower of blocks higher
object from container at 11mo,
tower of 2 block at 12mo
GROSS Good head control 3-4mo, rolls Locomotion, improved
over at 5-6mo, sits alone at 7- coordination & equilibrium
8mo, moves from prone to
sitting at 10mo. Developing
their skills of head balance,
sitting, creeping @ 9mo,
crawling @ 6-7 mo, standing,
walking.
PSYCHOSOCIAL Trust vs. mistrust- can they
(ERIKSON) trust their needs will be met by
primary caregiver. Delayed
gratification.
COGNITIVE Sensiomotor phase - reflex
(PIAGET) stage, primary circular rxns,
secondary circular rxns.
Object permanence @ 6-8 mo.
SOCIAL Separation anxiety after 6-7
mo. Stranger anxiety.
MORAL limit setting & discipline to
establish control- "time-outs"
PLAY Age appropriate play help
reduce stress of hospital.
LANGUAGE 0-3 mo crying, cooing, smiling. Increasing level of
At 1 yr 3 -5 words with
meaning.
other items thumb sucking, teething,
nutrition, sleep & activity,
dental health, immunizations,
injury preventation.
PRESCHOOLER
3 -5 YEARS
wt gain slows down to 4-6 lbs
per year. Growth is "steplike".
Sensory development
increases- maturation
12-15 mon. Throw call over
Autonomy vs. shame and
doubt. Want freedom to
explore. Comfort with rituals,
schedules
Sensiomotor &
preconceptual phase.
Awareness of causal
relationships between 2
events. At 19-36 mo imitate
behaviors, domestic mimics,
no real concept of time.
Preconceptual phase more
towards social relationships.
2 phases - separation &
individualization.
Independence. New sibling
rivalry; nedd to include them in
activities.
punishment and obedience
Parallel play, imitation/fantasy, Associative play; group play
locomotion skills, tactile play
comprehension & increasing
ability to understand speech.
Talking a lot - 2-4 word
sentences.
struggles of toilet training, limit Preschoolers enjoy sense of
setting, and sibling rivalry.
Toddlers become fussy, picky toilet trained. Temperament
eaters. Prevention from injuries can influence success in
SCHOOL AGE ADOLESCENT
6-12 YEARS 12-20 YEARS
slender but sturdy, boys & girls Growth difference between Physical & sexual maturity.
same size. Growth rate slow. boys & girls. Boys taller, girls Increase ht/wt/body mass.
At 5 eruption of permanent heavier. Dental health Hormone changes.
dentition. important - start losing primary
teeth. Sleep patterns change
3yrs - builds tower of 9-10
blocks. Shape stage - copies
circle, cross, names what has
been drawn. 4yrs - scissors to
cut along dotted line, can lace
shoes. Copies square, adds 3
parts to stick figure. Pictorial
stage. 5yrs - recognizable
pics, tie shoelaces, can write
first name
3yrs - walking, running,
jumping, climbing. 4yrs - skips
& hops on 1 foot, catches a
ball, throws ball overhead.
5yrs - skips & hops on
alternate feet, jumps rope,
learns to skate & swim
Initiative vs. guilt Industry vs. inferiority. Identity vs. role confusion.
Stage of accomplishment. Form their their own sense of
Are they able to accomplish identity."Who am I, do I
tasks to be able to identify who matter". Teens trying to make
they are & start gaining some thei own decisions - nurse goal
independence. They are is anticipatory guidance.
building, growing, interacting.
Preoperational phase (2-7yrs) concrete operation -Thru A movement from concrete to
there is 2 stages - language ability to explain formal operational thought.
preconceptual (2-4) and thoughts, make jugdements. Able to plan ahead & identify
intuitive thought (4-7). Time - consequences.
school in morning and play in
afternoon. Thinking - if I think
bad things & bad things
happen; my thinking is
magical.
Preschoolers enjoys their Peers are very important. It is all about their friends.
friends. Independent in They worry about what their Appropriate interactions with
dressing, eating, toileting by 4 friends think. Girls hang out adults. Relationships with
to 5. More secure with new with girls. mom & daughter /Dad & son
sibling. can be stressful.
Moral dev. at most basic level. Start taking reasponsibilities They think they are
Actions are directed toward for their health. invinceable. They don't think it
satisfying their needs & less will happen to them.
commonly the needs of others.
more competitive and complex Team sports, contact sports.
without rules. Imitation (dress playing team sports, following Hanging out with peers.
up), imaginary playmates, rules. Rituals are important. Anticipatory guidance for
mutual play with parents Anticipatory guidance for safety - physical fitness, sex,
parents. Discipline should be drinking & driving, helmets,
consistent. bike, skateboard.
4 to 5 word sentences to
convey meaning. Age 6
understand all parts of speech;
identify colors & opposities.
Anticipatory guidance to Health teaching- sexual
accomplishment. Most are prevent injuries: fire safety, behavior, nutrition, phys.
bike helmets, seat belts, safety fitness, mental health.
equipment for sports.
school. Cranky if not enough
sleep.