INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY FOR GENETICALLY IMPROVED

FARMED TILAPIA (GIFT)

A Thesis
Presented to
The Graduate School
CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Main Campus, Cebu City

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Degree
MASTER OF ARTS IN EDUCATION
(Major in Teaching Biology)

RESTI TITO H. VILLARINO

November 2015

APPROVAL SHEET
This Thesis entitled INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY FOR GENETICALLY
IMPROVED FARMED TILAPIA (GIFT) is prepared and submitted by RESTI TITO H.
VILLARINO in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS IN
EDUCATION Major in Teaching Biology has been recommended for acceptance and approval for
ORAL EXAMINATION.
THESIS ADVISORY COMMITTEE
ROSEIN A. ANCHETA JR., D.M., Ph.D.
Chairman
ELSA H. VILLARINO, MA. Ed.
Adviser

REBECCA DC. MANALASTAS, Ph. D.

Co-Chairwoman

REYNALDO T. GABALES, Ed. D. , Ph. D.

Statistician

REYLAN G. CAPUNO , Ph. D TM

Member

ADORA A. VILLAGANAS, Ph. D. - TM

Member

PERLA N. TENERIFE, Ph.D.

Member

WILMA C. GIANGO, PH. D - TM

Member
Approved by the Panel of Examiners in an Oral Examination held on November 2015 with a rating of PASSED.

PANEL OF EXAMINERS
ROSEIN A. ANCHETA JR., D.M., Ph.D.
Chairman

ELSA H. VILLARINO, MA.Ed.

Adviser

REBECCA DC. MANALASTAS, Ph. D.

Co-Chairwoman

REYNALDO T. GABALES, Ed. D; Ph. D.

Statistician

REYLAN G. CAPUNO , Ph. D TM

Member

ADORA A. VILLAGANAS, Ph. D - TM

Member

PERLA N. TENERIFE, Ph.D.

Member

WILMA C. GIANGO, PH. D - TM

Member
Accepted and Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Master in
Education (Major in Teaching Biology)
Comprehensive Examination: Passed
Design Hearing: May 4, 2015
Oral Defense: November 2015

REBECCA DC. MANALASTAS, Ph. D.

Dean, Graduate School

ii

ABSTRACT

Title

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY FOR

GENETICALLY IMPROVED FARMED
TILAPIA (GIFT)

Researcher

RESTI TITO HUETE VILLARINO

Degree

MASTER OF ARTS IN EDUCATION MAJOR IN

TEACHING BIOLOGY

Adviser

PROF. ELSA H. VILLARINO

Institution

CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

MAIN CAMPUS, CEBU CITY

Year Completed

2015

Total Number of Pages:

70

This study determined the growth and survival rates of the Genetically
Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) in the HAPA using formulated sweet potato
granules and commercial feeds at CTU Moalboal Campus for the academic year
2015-2016 as basis for the formulation of Techno Guide.
Specifically it sought answers to the different feed formulation of GIFT in
four treatments such as T 1 for treatment No. 1, T 2 for Treatment No. 2; and T 3 for
Treatment No.3.
Feeds were formulated using the sweet potato peelings, leftover fish
bones of the Mackerel scad, vegetable oil, and tablets of feeds.
The experimental method was used in this study.
Feed formulations of GIFT as to the following treatments: T1 = Treatment
No. 1; 1.5 kg sweet potato peelings (Boniatos); + 750 grams leftover fish bones
of the mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus); + 375 ml. of vegetable oil; and +
3 tabs amino acid feed.T2= Treatment no. 2; 1.0 kg sweet potato peelings
(Boniatos)+ 750 grams leftover fish bones of the mackerel scad (Decapterus
macarellus); + 375 ml. of vegetable oil; and + 2 tabs amino acid feed. T3=
Treatment no. 3; 0.5 kg sweet potato peelings (Boniatos)+ 250 grams leftover
fish bones of the mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus); + 125 ml. of vegetable
oil; and + 1 tab amino acid feed.
The initial and final weight in grams, length in centimeters and width in
centimeters are its highest on T1 then followed by T2 and T3. It was with the use
of T1 which proved to be an effective feed.

iii

The growth performances of GIFT based on the aforementioned

treatments as to the following factors: weight gained; length increments; and
width increments were its highest on T1 followed by T 2, and T3.
There is no significant difference among the growth factors of the different
treatments.
From the findings, a conclusion is drawn that the initial and final weight in
T3. It was with the use of T 1 which proved to be an effective feed. The growth
performances of GIFT based on the aforementioned treatments as to the
following factors: weight gained; length increments; and width increments were
are its highest on T 1 followed by T2, T3. There is no significant difference among
the growth factors of the different treatments.
Based from the result of the Tukey Test, T1 and T2 were not significant
with each other but it was significant with T 2 and T3 while T2 was not significant to
all other treatments. This implies that T 2 is comparable with T3.
The following recommendations are offered: first, the adoption of the
techno-guide. Second, resource person should be invited to speak more about
the different treatments. Third, there is a need to make a thorough discussion
and elaboration on the topics. Lastly, reference materials should be available
within the reach of the students.

iv

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The ALMIGHTY GOD must be praised for His bountiful blessings and neverending love.
To Him, he expresses his truest affection of indebtedness to the parties
who have played the vital role for his success.
Dr. Rosein A. Ancheta Jr., CTU President IV, for his genuine help
extended to the graduate school students;
Mrs. Elsa H. Villarino, the researchers adviser and mother, for her
valuable inputs, time, efforts to make the researchers vague ideas tangible;
Dr. Reynaldo T. Gabales, the researchers statistician for his knowledge,
skills, and encouragement to fulfill this study;
Dr. Rebecca DC. Manalastas, Dr. Reylan G. Capuno, Dr. Adora A.
Villaganas, Dr. Perla N. Tenerife, Dr. Wilma C. Giango, and to the rest of the
graduate school professors and office staff, for their unwavering help and warm
accommodation;
His father, Dr. Zosimo J. Villarino Sr., for his constant prayers and
inspiration;
His mother-in-law, Mrs. Maureen P. Fuentebaja, for her advises and
guidance to complete this study.
His sister-in-law, brother-in-law, and niece, Mans, Bimbo, and Maureen
Gabrielle for their encouragement and inspiration.

Brother and sister, Moi-moi and Tin-tin for their affection and constant
prodding for the researcher to finish the degree;
His son, Nino Lorenz, his source of inspiration and love, for being always
there during the times of mental and physical exhaustion;
His bermensch wife, Maureen, for her enduring love, and support to
allow him to finish the masters degree;
All whom the researcher may have forgotten to scribe, his sincerest and
immeasurable expression of gratitude!!!

Resti Tito H. Villarino

The Researcher
2015

vi

DEDICATION

To:

ELOHIM
Lola Tikya
Mama, Papa, and Nanay
Moi-moi, Tintin, Manang, and Bimbo
Nino, Maureen Gabrielle, and Maureen

vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL SHEET

ii

ABSTRACT

iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

DEDICATION

vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

viii

LIST OF TABLES

xi

LIST OF FIGURES

xii

LIST OF PLATES

xiii

CHAPTER
1

PAGE

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

INTRODUCTION

1
1

Rationale of the Study

Literature Background

THE PROBLEM

13

Statement of the Problem

13

Hypothesis

14

Significance of the Study

14

Environment

15

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

17

Research Design

17
viii

Research Instrument, Apparatus, and Equipment

17

Research Procedure

18

Biostatistical Treatment

22

DEFINITION OF TERMS

22

2 PRESENTATION, DATA ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION 25

Feed Formulations

25

T1 Feed Formulation Technique

26

T2 Feed Formulation Treatment

28

T3 Feed Formulation Treatment

29

Stocking of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia

30

Weight in Grams

30

Length in Centimeters

31

Width in Centimeters

32

After Feeding Results of GIFT Using the Different

Experimental Feeds Formulation
Weight in Grams

34

Length in Centimeters

35

Width in Centimeters

36

Summary Table for 45-Day Feeding

37

Growth Performance of GIFT

38

Weight Gained , Length, and Width Increments

ix

39

Test of Significance Difference among

the Growth Factors

40

ANOVA Result on Weight Gained

40

ANOVA Result on the Length Increments

41

ANOVA Result for Width Increment

42

Turkey Test Results

43

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

SUMMARY

44

FINDINGS

45

CONCLUSION

46

RECOMMENDATIONS

46

TECHNOLOGY GUIDE

47

BIBLIOGRAPHY

49

Books

50

Unpublished Materials

50

Periodicals/Journals

51

Website Links

52

APPENDICES

53

A. Transmittal Letter

54

B. Plates/Pictorials

55

CURRICULUM VITAE

64
x

LIST OF TABLES

Table

Page

Initial Stocking in Terms of Weights in Grams

31

Initial Stocking in Terms of Lengths

32

Initial Stocking in Terms of Width

33

After Feeding Results in 45 Day Experiment Weight

34

After Feeding Results in 45 Day Experiment Length

35

After Feeding Results in 45 Day Experiment Width

36

Summary Table for 45- Day Feeding

37

Growth Performance of GIFT

38

ANOVA Result for Weight Gained

40

10

ANOVA Result on the Length

Increment

41

11

ANOVA Result for Width Increment

42

12

Tukey Test Results

43

xi

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure

Page

Conceptual Framework of the Study

Flow of the Study

12

Location Map of Moalboal, Cebu

16

Flow Chart in the Preparation of the Formulated Sweet

Potato Granules

xii

21

LIST OF PLATES
Plate

Page

Formulated Feed Granules

25

T1 Feed Formulation Treatment

26

T2 Feed Formulation Treatment

28

T3 Feed Formulation Treatment

29

xiii

Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
INTRODUCTION
Rationale of the Study
Aquaculture, or fish farming, is the booming animal food-producing part in
the world. In Southeast Asia, tilapia farming is a major factor in this phenomenon
and has developed mainly around one species, Nile tilapia. Tilapia farming in
Asia began to prosper in the 1970s and was accompanied by region-wide
advances in hatchery technology and pond husbandry. Unlike in land animal
farming, where selective breeding is centuries old, the genetic aspects of most
fish farming, including tilapia farming, were neglected until the mid-1980s. By that
time, the consequences of this lack of attention to genetics was beginning to
show in stagnating tilapia yields. In response, the International Center for Living
Aquatic Resources Management (ICLARM; now the World Fish Center) and the
Institute for Aquaculture Research, Norway (AKVAFORSK) and their aquaculture
research partners in the Philippines, proposed an international research and
development effort on the genetic improvement of farmed tilapia in order to
increase productivity, with all necessary environmental safeguards (ADB, 2005).
According to the study of Pemsl, D., et.al. (2008), forty years ago, the
aquaculture industry in the first world countries has experienced significant
growth. The increase in aquaculture production is a combination of area
expansion and technological change (enhanced strains, input of feed and

fertilizer, and improved management). One example of such technological

change is the selective breeding efforts on tilapia that were initiated in 1988 by
the WorldFish Center (then ICLARM) together with (inter-)national partners. The
outcome of the selective breeding effort was a tilapia strain called GIFT
(genetically improved farmed tilapia) which was first made available in 1993 and
which showed significantly higher growth rates in on-farm trials.
The strain was first adopted in the Philippines but has since been
disseminated in 11 Asian countries. Ex-ante studies had shown the potential of
the GIFT strain and concluded that substantial impact from GIFT and GIFTderived strains can be expected. The study is an ex-post assessment of the
farm-level impact of GIFT and the way the technology has been disseminated
and taken up. The study is based on a survey of 780 tilapia producers conducted
in 2006/2007 in three different regions in Luzon, the Philippines. The research
analyze adoption rates of the GIFT strain and compare the performance of GIFT
vs. non-GIFT strains and the impact of different factors on tilapia yields. Lastly,
we evaluate the profitability of the production of GIFT vs. non-GIFT strains. The
major findings are that based on farmers reporting the adoption of pure GIFT
strains is very low (6%), while almost half of the farmers reported to use GIFT
derived strains.
There is uncertainty about the genetic origin of the strains in at least 27%
of the cases, and even for the GIFT and GIFT-derived strains questions remain
with regard to the purity of the breed. Based on farmers ratings and the reported
production information, the GIFT and GIFT-derived strains did not perform any

better compared to other strains. This is likely to be a result of the poor

management of improved strains over the last 15 years rather than a
shortcoming of the original GIFT technology.
Nutritionist searches for the protein sources in which fish will increase
growth and production within the fastest possible time and at decrease cost.
(Adewolu, 2008).Peelings and leftover materials are one of the economical
sources of nutrients that may limit the high cost of fish feed. A lot of researches
have been done using various sources of proteins such as chicken entrails and
formulated kangkong feeds by Gabate as cited by Tabanao (2005).
As cited by Ansah, et.al in 2014, one of the suitable fish for aquaculture
system is Tilapia (Family: Cichlidae) for the reason that it is easy to propagate
them. The Tilapia fish has also tolerance to handling, fast growth on both natural
and manufactured feeds. It is also tolerant to wide range of environmental
conditions. Furthermore it is highly palatable, marketable and rich in nutrient
content. For this reason, this fish is preferred by the developing countries for its
ability to grow fast, short generation time, resistance to stress and disease and
its acceptance of artificial feeds.
As per statistics, global aquaculture production increased from 28,000
tons to over 3 million tons from 1970-2010.
Tilapias were dominant species group which was caught in inland fisheries
between 2000-2005. In terms of aquaculture production, approximately 5 percent
of total global fish farming is tilapia, which is only second compared to carps,
which account to more than 70 percent.

The information dissemination regarding the GIFT to the people, gave a

significant impact on their livelihood, increases their income and generates

employment specifically among the poor family, since tilapia is considered as
low-priced fish. Hatchery operators and fish farmers were attracted to tilapia
farming as a livelihood, which contributed employment to poor small scale
farmers which is a significant contribution of GIFT. (Khaw, et. al., 2009).
The research tried to find the almost perfect species that will grow rapidly
in an environment which is feasible for feeding, growth, and survival. After
thorough research, the study finally chose the GIFT or the Genetically Improved
Farmed Tilapia.
The ultimate purpose of this research is to promote sustainable
development and at the same time provide economic opportunities for the
Filipino people. Give a man a fish.....He will eat for a day. Teach him how to
farm fish....He will feed himself (but may need subsidies for life).Advise him to
use tilapia as his main culture fish.........He will have a tool, which if used wisely,
will sustain his future development.(Adapted from Anonymous and Jrme
Lazard, 1997).

Literature Background
In the Philippines, God has given us different species for the purpose of
conservation and livelihood. In order to maximize and sustain its production,
there is a need to make the ecosystem well-balanced for survival.
Article XIV, Section 10, the New Philippine Constitution decrees that
science and technology are necessary for the development and progress of the
country. The sovereignty shall give importance to research and development
invention, innovation and their use and to science and technology education,
training and services. It reinforces indigenous and self-reliant scientific and
technical competence and their practicality to the countrys productive system
and national life (Dionaldo, 2004).

According to Ponzoni, et.al, in 2007, the third most essential fish in

aquaculture after carp and salmon is the tilapia; the production surpasses
1,500,000 metric tons in 2002 and incrementally grow yearly. Their high protein
content, big size, fast growth (6 to 7 months to grow to harvest size), and taste, a
number of the tilapia are the focus of aquaculture industry.

The study of the Asian Development Bank in 2005, the Genetically

Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) that is used in this study is the result of the
breeding program for tropical fish, and become a pattern for genetically
improving other aquaculture species. The GIFT variety of the Nile tilapia rapid
growth and adaptability, increase aquaculture yields.

Theories/Concept

Legal Basis

Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic

Resources - PHILMINAQ (2007).
Managing aquaculture
and
its
impacts: a guidebook for local
governments.

Article XIV, Section 10, the New

Philippine Constitution

Genetically Improved
Farmed Tilapia

TECHNO GUIDE

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study

In the year 1990 upto 2007, the production of tilapia in the Philippines
increases by 186 per cent, while production expenses dropped by 3235 percent.
The Asian Development Bank find in the study in 2003 that GIFT reported for 68
per cent of tilapia seed produced in the Philippines.

Tilapia species came from Africa. The introductions of tilapia into Asian
lakes encouraged aquaculture projects in different countries with tropical
climates, like Papua New Guinea, the Philippines and Indonesia. In temperate
zone places, tilapia farmers need an expensive energy source to maintain a
tropical temperature range in their tanks. One sustainable solution involves
warming the tank water using heat from factories and power stations (Yosef,
2009).
As cited Equia, et. al. in 2007, WorldFish and partners research on
Tilapias, which began in late 1970s, indicated that inadequate seed supply and
deteriorating performance of the fish in many aquaculture systems in Asia were a
major bottleneck for aquaculture. In Africa, aquaculture production was in its
infancy, and wild stocks of native tilapias were under threat due to habitat
degradation, uncontrolled fish transfers and over-exploitation. In 1987 WorldFish
brought together partners from Asia and Africa, as well as international experts to
review the status of Tilapia genetic resources.

In 1988, WorldFish and partners from Philippines and Norway

(AKVAFORSK) designed a program with the aim of developing a methodology
for the genetic improvement of this specie, and this is how GIFT came to be.
Nutrients essential to fish are the same as those required by most other
animals. These include water, proteins (amino acids), lipids (fats, oils, fatty
acids), carbohydrates (sugars, starch), vitamins and minerals. In addition,
pigments (carotenoids) are commonly added to the diet of salmon and
ornamental aquarium fishes to enhance their flesh and skin coloration,
respectively. (http://www.nap.edu).
The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) peelings of Boniatos, also known as
Cuban sweet-potatoes, feature dry, starchy flesh underneath the reddish-brown
skin, are the main source of carbohydrates used in this research. It is a
dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the family Convolvulaceae. Its large,
starchy, sweet-tasting, tuberous roots are a root vegetable. The young leaves
and shoots are sometimes eaten as greens. Ipomoea batatas is native to the
tropical regions in America.
Of the approximately 50 genera and more than 1,000 species of
Convolvulaceae, I. batatas is the only crop plant of major importancesome
others are used locally, but many are poisonous. (Coghlan, 2012).
Besides simple starches, raw sweet potatoes are rich in complex
carbohydrates, dietary fiber and beta-carotene (a provitamin A carotenoid), while
having moderate contents of other micronutrients, including vitamin B5, vitamin
B6, manganese and potassium. When cooked by baking, small variable changes

in micronutrient content occur to include a higher content of vitamin C at 24% of

the Daily Value per 100 g serving (right table), as well as an increase in
polyphenol levels. (http://nutritiondata.self.com).

As stated by Frtitzsimmons, et. al. in 2010, leftover fish bones of the

mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus)are high in mineral content therefore a
good source of needed minerals for the growth and survival of the Genetically
Improved Farmed Tilapia.

Vegetable oil is fat that is utilized for cooking. This product is the main
source of lipids in this study.

The commercial feed that is used in this study is a product of San Miguel
Corporation.

The inexpensive protein source was the most difficult part for the
researcher. After thorough reading and research, the study selected the amino
acid tablets. As cited by Coxon, et.al. in 2005, amino acids are organic
compounds composed of amine (-NH2) and carboxylic acid (-COOH) functional
groups, together with a side-chain specific to each amino acid. The key elements
of an amino acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, though other
elements are found in the side-chains of certain amino acids. About 500 amino
acids are known and can be classified in many ways.

They can be classified according to the core structural functional groups'

locations as alpha- (-), beta- (-), gamma- (-) or delta- (-) amino acids; other

categories relate to polarity, pH level, and side-chain group type (aliphatic,

acyclic, aromatic, containing hydroxyl or sulfur, etc.). Outside proteins, amino
acids perform critical roles in processes such as neurotransmitter transport and
biosynthesis.

The research makes use of this amino acid because it is closest to the
basic amino acid needs of the Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia that was
used in the study.

The standard feed formulation includes the procurement of sweet potato

peelings (Boniatos). The peelings were then air dried. Then, all the materials
such as the leftover fish bones of the mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) +
Vegetable oil + amino acid were mixed thoroughly in a mixing bowl.

INPUT

1. The feed
formulations of GIFT
as to the following
treatments:
T1= 1.5kg sweet
potato peelings
(Boniatos) + 750 g
leftover fish bones of
the mackerel scad
(Decapterus
macarellus) +375 ml
of Vegetable oil= 3
tabs amino acid
T2= 1 kg sweet potato
peelings (Boniatos) +
750 g leftover fish
bones of the
mackerel scad
(Decapterus
macarellus) +375 ml
of Vegetable oil+2
tabs amino acid
T3= 0.5 kg sweet
potato peelings
(Boniatos) + 250 g
leftover fish bones of
the mackerel scad
(Decapterus
macarellus) +125 ml
of Minola Vegetable
oil + 1 tab amino acid
2. Initial and final
weight in grams,
length in centimeters,
and width in
centimeters for all the
treatments.

PROCESS

OUTPUT

T
1. Finding the significant

difference on the growth

and survival rates using

formulated sweet potato

granules treated with

the following statistical

tool:
1. Arithmetic Mean

2. ANOVA

3. Sum of Squares

4. Tukey Test

2. Analysis of the above

3. Growth
Performances of GIFT
based on
aforementioned
treatments.

data

4. Significant
difference among the
growth factors of the
aforementioned
treatments.

Figure 2. Schematic Diagram of the Flow of the Study

THE PROBLEM
Statement of the Problem
The main purpose of this study was to determine the growth and survival
rates of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) in a HAPA using formulated
sweet potato granules and commercial feeds at CTU Moalboal Campus for the
academic year 2015-2016 as a basis for a technology instruction.
Specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions:
1. What are the feed formulations of GIFT as to the following treatments:
1.1 T1= 1.5kg sweet potato peelings (Boniatos) + 750 g leftover fish
bones of

the mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) +375 ml

of Vegetable oil + 3 tabs amino acid feed

1.2 T2= 1 kg sweet potato peelings (Boniatos) + 750 g leftover fish

bones of the mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) +375 ml
of Vegetable oil+2 tabs amino acid feed

1.3 T3= 0.5 kg sweet potato peelings (Boniatos) + 250 g leftover

fish

bones of the mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) +125

ml of Vegetable oil + 1 tab amino acid feed

2. What is the initial and final weight in grams, length in centimeters and
width in centimeters for all the treatments?

3. What are the growth performances of GIFT based on the aforementioned

treatments as to the following factors:
3.1 weight gained;
3.2 length increments; and
3.3 width increments?
4. Is there a significant difference among the growth factors of the
aforementioned treatments?
5. Based on the findings, what instructional techno guide for the Genetically
Improved Farmed Tilapia can be integrated in teaching Biology?
Null Hypothesis
This study is set at the 0.05 level of significance.
Ho1: There is no significant difference on the growth and survival rates of
Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia in a HAPA using formulated sweet
potato granules.
Significance of the Study
The main reason of this study was to improve our knowledge and to the
people in the community for a sustainable yield of living. It also gives opportunity
for everyone to augment their earnings. Hence, it will help in the economic
recovery of the country.

Community. This study serves as a guide for those who wants to study
and cultivate Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia in an aquarium using
formulated sweet potato peelings and commercial feeds.
CTU Moalboal Campus. As a reference to the teachers and students
who are studying in fishery schools.
Entrepreneur. This research will help them new ways to augment their
income using the technology guide in the study.
Fish Processing Teachers. This study will be a guide for them in
handling fishery subjects and helps to introduce techniques on how to grow and
raise Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia using formulated sweet potato
peelings and commercial feeds.
Students in Fishery. Information gained from the study will guide them in
improving their knowledge, skills, and abilities on how to grow and raise
Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia using formulated sweet potato peelings and
commercial feeds.
Environment
This study was conducted in CTU Moalboal Campus. The town of
Moalboal is a fourth class municipality in the province of Cebu, Philippines.
Extending as a peninsula in the Southwestern tip of Cebu, it is bordered to the
west by the Taon Strait. From the western shoreline, Negros Island can be
seen. Moalboal is located 89 kilometers (55 mi) from Cebu City, about 2.5 hours
by bus.

Location
of the
study

Figure 3. LOCATION MAP OF CTU MOALBOAL CAMPUS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Method
This research is an experimental design. It described the research design,
the materials, the instrument, apparatus, and equipment, the laboratory
procedure, data gathering techniques and biostatistical treatment.

Research Design
The researcher had chosen the most appropriate experimental
design for this study, which was the four-group design. This design employed
three comparable groups, T1 or the 1.5kg sweet potato peelings (Boniatos) + 750
g leftover fish bones of the mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) +375 ml of
Vegetable oil + 3 tabs amino acid feed, T2= 1 kg sweet potato peelings
(Boniatos) + 750 g leftover fish bones of the mackerel scad (Decapterus
macarellus) +375 ml of Vegetable oil+2 tabs amino acid feed, and T3= 0.5 kg
sweet potato peelings (Boniatos) + 250 g leftover fish bones of the mackerel
scad (Decapterus macarellus) +125 ml of Vegetable oil + 1 tab amino acid feed.

The Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia were being placed in a HAPA to

find out the growth and survival rates of the species using the formulated sweet
potato granules.

Research Materials
The materials used in the study were the species of Genetically Improved
Farmed Tilapia and formulated sweet potato granules. There were three HAPAs;
and each HAPA was placed with 10 pieces of Genetically Improved Farmed
Tilapia post fingerlings at 30 grams each and is randomly mixed with male and
female GIFT.
The Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia placed in T1 or the 1.5kg sweet
potato peelings (Boniatos) + 750 g leftover fish bones of the mackerel scad
(Decapterus macarellus) +375 ml of Vegetable oil + 3 tabs amino acid feed, T2=
1 kg sweet potato peelings (Boniatos) + 750 g leftover fish bones of the mackerel
scad (Decapterus macarellus) +375 ml of Vegetable oil+2 tabs amino acid feed,
and T3= 0.5 kg sweet potato peelings (Boniatos) + 250 g leftover fish bones of
the mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) +125 ml of Vegetable oil + 1 tab
amino acid feed.
The instrument, apparatus, and equipment used in the study were the
HAPA, aerators, meat grinder, ladles, mixing bowl, drying trays, weighing scale,
scoop net, and basins.

Research Procedure (Laboratory)

A. Gathering and Formulation of Feeds
Diet formulation is the method of combining the available raw materials to
satisfy the established nutrient requirements of Genetically Improved Farmed
Tilapia. In this study, the sweet potato peelings were selected as one of the raw

materials, which is believed to have the ability to supply nutrients and at the
lower cost.
In this procedure, the sweet potato peelings (Boniatos) were the main
materials, were first procured and gathered. The peelings were then air dried.
Then, all the materials such as the sweet potato peelings (Boniatos) + leftover
fish

bones of the mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) + Vegetable oil +

amino acid were mixed thoroughly in a mixing bowl.

The mixture was then passed through a meat grinder. Then the extrusion,
which looked like granules were dried; after drying, the final product is now ready
for use.

B. The Experimental Groups

There were four treatment groups involved in the study, T1 or the 1.5kg
sweet potato peelings (Boniatos) + 750 g leftover fish bones of the mackerel
scad (Decapterus macarellus) +375 ml of Vegetable oil + 3 tabs amino acid feed,
T2= 1 kg sweet potato peelings (Boniatos) + 750 g leftover fish bones of the
mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) +375 ml of Vegetable oil+2 tabs amino
acid feed, and T3= 0.5 kg sweet potato peelings (Boniatos) + 250 g leftover fish
bones of the mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) +125 ml of
Vegetable oil + 1 tab amino acid feed.
The T1 or the 1.5kg sweet potato peelings (Boniatos) + 750 g leftover fish
bones of the mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) +375 ml of Vegetable oil +
3 tabs amino acid feed, T2= 1 kg sweet potato peelings (Boniatos) + 750 g

leftover fish bones of the mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) +375 ml of

Vegetable oil+2 tabs amino acid feed, and T3= 0.5 kg sweet potato peelings
(Boniatos) + 250 g leftover fish

bones of the mackerel scad (Decapterus

macarellus) +125 ml of Vegetable oil + 1 tab amino acid feed, the experimental
groups, were placed with the same species using formulated sweet potato
granules. Each aquarium was placed with 10 pieces of GIFT at 30 grams each,
and had eight samplings.
The feeding was done twice daily. The daily feeding rate was three
percent of the total body weight. One-half of the total feeds for the day were
given in the morning between 6 and 8 oclock and the other half in the afternoon
4 and 6 oclock. The weights and survival rates of the Genetically Improved
Farmed Tilapia were taken and recorded every sampling.

Research Gathering Techniques

As a comparative study, the investigator had leaned on the effects of
formulated sweet potato granules on the growth and survival rates of Genetically
Improved Farmed Tilapia. Sampling of the species was done every weekend and
the data were gathered through the daily observations of the researcher.
Through observations, the researcher recorded the data and tabulated for
analysis and interpretations. The data gathered were arranged and put into
tables for illustration of the analysis and interpretations.

Formulated Sweet Potato

Granules
Air Drying and Grinding

Treatment 1

Treatment 2

Treatment 3

1.5kg sweet potato

peelings (Boniatos) +
750 g leftover fish
bones of the mackerel
scad (Decapterus
macarellus) +375 ml
of Vegetable oil + 3
tabs amino acid feed

1 kg sweet potato
peelings (Boniatos) +
750 g leftover fish
bones of the mackerel
scad (Decapterus
macarellus) +375 ml
of Vegetable oil+2
tabs amino acid feed

0.5 kg sweet potato

peelings (Boniatos) +
250 g leftover fish
bones of themackerel
scad (Decapterus
macarellus) +125 ml
of Minola Vegetable
oil + 1 tab amino acid
feed

Product Ready for Use

Figure 4. Flow Chart in the Preparation of the Formulated Sweet Potato

Granules

Biostatistical Treatment
Biostatistical treatment used in the study which the researcher wanted to
answer and diagnose carefully the specific problems were:
1. Arithmetic Mean was used to determine the weight, length, and width of
the Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia.
2. To determine the significant difference among growth factors, ANOVA was
utilized.
3. To express the total variation that can be attributed to the growth factors,
Sum of Squares was used.
4. Tukey Test was employed to determine which treatments were significant.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
In order to have better understanding of the terms used in this study, they
were conceptually and operationally defined.
Aerator
An instrument used to supply oxygen in the water.
Commercial Feeds
These are feeds which are bought from the market.
Effects
The results of the growth and survival of Genetically Improved Farmed
Tilapia using formulated sweet potato granules and commercial feeds.
Hapa
Small net enclosures sited in ponds. Usually pegged by a number of
sticks/posts with the net strung between them. Often used in ponds in tropical
areas for fry and broodstock.
Formulated Sweet Potato Granule
It is a formulated feed made up of sweet potato peelings (Boniatos) +
leftover fish bones of

the mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) +

Vegetable oil + amino acid.

Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia

These are hybrid strain of tilapia species that shows superior performance
in terms of growth and survival in onstation conditions.
Growth Rate
It is the quantitative aspects of development and it is the main way in
which an individual or a population responds changes in food supply with
adjustment of breeding rates and food in rates.

Survival Rates
The term, as used in this study, pertains to the physical ability and
stamina of species under the environment.
Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas)
As used in the study, refer to Boniatos or Cuban sweet-potatoes, feature
dry, starchy flesh underneath the reddish-brown skin, are the main source of
carbohydrates used in this research. It is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to
the family Convolvulaceae.
Tilapia
It is an African freshwater cichlid fish that has been widely introduced to
many areas for food.

Chapter 2

PRESENTATION, DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

This chapter dwells on the presentation, data analysis and interpretation.
Provided herewith are the different feed formulations, effect of feeding on the
different formulations as to growth and survival rate; significant difference
pertaining to the growth and the survival rates; and techno-guide provision.

FEED FORMULATIONS
This part presents the different formulation such as T1 for treatment
number 1; T 2 for treatment number 2; and T 3 for treatment number 3. These are
presented sequentially from plate 1 up to plate 4.
Plate No. 1. The formulated feed granules

Plate No. 1 is the picture of the three formulated feed granules that was used for
the study. Treatment No. 1 is on the left of the picture, followed by Treatment No.2 in the
middle, and Treatment No.3 on the right side of the picture.

T1 Feed Formulation Treatment

This part deals on the feed formulation processing which is known as T 1
which is presented in plate No. 2.
Plate No. 2. The making of formulated feeds.

Plate No. 2 is composed of 1.5 sweet potato peelings known as Boniatos.

Added to this composition is 750 grams of leftover fishbones of the mackerel

scad/ Decapterus macarellus, 375 ml of Vegetable Oil and 3 tabs of amino acid
feed.

T2. Feed Formulation Treatment

This section provides the feed formulation processing which is known as
T2 being presented in Plate No.3

Plate No. 3. T 2 Feed Formulation Treatment.

The illustration above is the feed formulation of one (1) kg sweet potato
peelings (Boniatos) together with other ingredients such as 750 grams leftover
fish bones of the mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus); 375 ml. of vegetable
oil; and two (2) tabs amino acid feed.

T3 Feed Formulation Treatment

Another plate illustration is T 3 feed formulation treatment presented in
Plate No. 4.

Plate No. 4. T 3 Feed Formulation

The presentation ahead is the feed formulation of 0.5 kg potato peelings

(Boniatos) with additional ingredients such as 250 grams leftover bones of the
mackerel scad (Decaptrus macarellus); with 125 ml of vegetable oil; and one (1)
tab amino acid feed.

STOCKING OF THE GENETICALLY IMPROVED FARMED TILAPIA (GIFT)

This part presents the initial stocking of the genetically improved farmed
tilapia (GIFT) on May 8, 2015.

Weight in Grams

The initial stocking in terms of weight in grams is presented in table 1.

Table 1
Initial Stocking in Terms of Weight in Grams

Sample
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Total
Mean

T1
30
30
31
30
30
31
30
30
30
31
303
30.3

T2
30
31
30
30
30
31
30
31
30
30
303
30.3

T3
31
30
30
30
31
30
30
30
30
31
303
30.3

Total
91
91
91
90
91
92
90
91
90
92
909
90.9

As found in Table 1 on the initial stocking of GIFT had a total number of

909 comprising 10 samples each for T1, T2 and T3 experimental treatments. The
GIFT here were subjected to the feeding of formulated feeds as reflected in the
different plates presented above.

Length in Centimeters

During the initial stocking, measurement in terms of length in centimeters

was provided for. This is presented in Table 2.

Table 2
Initial Stocking in Terms of Length in Centimeters
Sample
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Total
Mean

T1
15.24
15.24
15.49
15.24
15.24
15.49
15.24
15.24
15.24
15.49
153.15
15.315

T2
15.24
15.49
15.24
15.24
15.24
15.49
15.24
15.49
15.24
15.24
153.15
15.315

T3
15.49
15.24
15.24
15.24
15.49
15.24
15.24
15.24
15.24
15.49
153.15
15.315

Total
45.97
45.97
45.97
45.72
45.97
45.97
45.72
45.97
45.72
45.97
459.45
45.945

As reflected in Table 2 the initial stocking in terms of length in centimeters

obtained a total of 459.45 with a mean of 45.945 in sample each for T1, T2, and
T3 experimental treatments.

Width in Centimeters

Width in centimeters was considered during the beginning period of

stocking which is presented in Table 3.

Table 3
Initial Stocking in Terms of Width in Centimeters
Sample
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Total
Mean

T1
3.81
3.81
4.06
3.81
3.81
4.06
3.81
3.81
3.81
4.06
38.85
3.885

T2
3.81
4.06
3.81
3.81
3.81
4.06
3.81
4.06
3.81
3.81
38.85
3.885

T3
4.06
3.81
3.81
3.81
4.06
3.81
3.81
3.81
3.81
4.06
38.85
3.885

Total
11.68
11.68
11.68
11.43
11.68
11.93
11.43
11.68
11.43
11.93
116.55
11.655

As reflected in Table 3, as to the initial stocking in terms of width in

centimeters, it obtained a total of 116.55 and a mean of 11.655 in each sample
each for T1, T2 and T3 experimental treatments.
AFTER FEEDING RESULTS OF GIFT USING THE DIFFERENT
EXPERIMENTAL FEEDS FORMULATION

(June 23, 2015)

This portion deals on the after feeding results of GIFT feed with the
different experimental feeds formulation after 45 days of treatment. This is
presented in Tables 5, 6, 7 and 8.

The different treatments such as T 1, T2 and T3 were fed with the

formulated sweet potato granules in different components which is noticeable in
the presented feed formulation.

Weight in Grams

The weight in grams as a result of the 45-day experiment is presented in

Table 4.

Table 4
After Feeding Results in 45-day Experiment as to Weight in Grams
Sample
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Total
Mean

T1
65
63
47
85
51
80
30
60
77
80
638
63.8

T2
65
53
56
56
63
69
52
63
78
49
604
60.4

T3
56
53
64
53
74
40
59
49
44
48
540
54

Total
186
169
167
194
188
189
141
172
199
177
1782
178.2

As reflected in Table 6 as to the after feeding in 45 day Experiment as to

weight in grams, T1 obtained a total of 638 and a mean of 63.8, T 2 with a total of
604 and a mean of 60.4 and T 3 with a total of 540 and a mean of 54. The findings
showed that the weight in grams was highest with the use of treatment T 1
compare to other forms of treatment.

Length in Centimeters

As to length in centimeters, the outcome of feeding after 45 days is

presented in Table 5.

Table 5
After- feeding Results in 45-day Experiment as to Length in Centimeters
Sample
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Total
Mean

T1
16.51
16.51
15.24
17.52
15.74
18.03
16.00
16.25
17.17
17.78
166.75
16.675

T2
17.78
17.01
16.51
17.74
16.51
16.00
15.24
16.51
17.01
16.00
166.31
16.631

T3
16.00
16.00
17.27
17.27
18.54
15.74
16.00
16.00
16.25
15.45
164.52
16.452

Total
50.29
49.52
49.02
52.53
50.79
49.77
47.24
48.76
50.43
49.23
497.58
49.758

As reflected in Table 6 as to the after-feeding results in 45 day Experiment

as to length in centimeters, it was found out that it was in the treatment T1 that
obtained the highest length in centimeters equivalent to 166.75 and a mean of
16. 675 then followed by T 2 with a total of 166.31 and a mean of 16.631 and T3
with a total of 164.52 and a mean of 16.452. The findings showed that it was in
the treatment T 1 proved to be effective as to the length in centimeters.

Width in Centimeters

After the 45 day feeding of the formulated feeds, the growth results in terms of
width in centimeters is obtained which is presented in Table 6.

Table 6
After-feeding results in the 45-Day Experiment as to Width in Centimeters
Sample
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Total
Mean

T1
5.33
5.58
4.52
5.84
4.84
5.84
4.82
5.58
5.58
5.58
53.51
5.351

T2
5.58
5.08
4.82
4.57
5.08
5.08
5.08
5.08
6.09
4.31
50.77
5.077

T3
4.57
4.82
4.82
5.08
6.09
4.57
4.57
4.57
4.06
4.31
47.46
4.746

Total
15.48
15.48
14.16
15.49
16.01
15.49
14.47
15.23
15.73
14.2
151.74
15.174

As reflected in Table 7 as to width in centimeters, it was found out that it

was in the treatment T 1 which obtained the highest width in centimeters with a
total of 53.51 and a mean of 5.351, T 2 with a total of 50.77 and a mean of 5.77
and lastly, by T 3 with a total of 47.46 and a mean of 4.746. The findings showed
that it obtained a total of 151.74 and a mean of 15.174 in all treatments. It further
showed that it was in Treatment T 1 which was found to be effective as evident in
the increase in width in centimeters.

Summary Table for 45-Day Feeding

As a result of a 45-day feeding experiment a summary Table is provided.

This is presented in Table 7.

Table 7
Summary Table for the Experimental Activities

Item

Weight in
Grams

Length in
centimeters

Width in centimeters

Hapa 1 (T1)

6.38

16.68

5.34

Hapa 2 (T2)

6.04

16.63

5.05

Hapa 3 (T3)

5.59

16.80

4.75

As reflected in Table 8 as to the different experimental activities, it was in

the treatment (T1) which obtained the highest weight in grams, 7.10, length in
centimeters, 16.68 and width in centimeter, 5.34. Then, it was followed by the
second treatment (T 2) with a weight in grams, 6.04, length in centimeters, 16.63
and width in centimeter, 5.05 and lastly with that of the treatment (T 3) with a
weight in grams of 5.59 and length in centimeters, 16.80 and 4.75 width in
centimeter.

GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF GIFT

This section presents the growth performance of the Genetically Improved

Farmed Tilapia in terms of weight gained, length increments, and width
increments. This is presented in Table 8. Initial stocking was on May 8, 2015.
And finally the growth performance was assessed June 23, 2015.

Table 8

Growth Performance of GIFT of the weight gained, Length, and Width

Increments on May 8, 2015 up to June 23, 2015.

Initial Final
Initial Final
Initial Final
15.24 65 49.76 15.2
65 49.8 15.49 56
15.24 63 47.76 15.5
53 37.5 15.24 53
15.49 47 31.51 15.2
56 40.8 15.24 64
15.24 85 69.76 15.2
56 40.8 15.24 53
15.24 51 35.76 15.2
63 47.8 15.49 74
15.49 80 64.51 15.5
69 53.5 15.24 40
15.24 30 14.76 15.2
52 36.8 15.24 59
15.24 60 44.76 15.5
63 47.5 15.24 49
15.24 77 61.76 15.2
78 62.8 15.24 44
15.49 80 64.51 15.2
49 33.8 15.49 48
153.2 638 484.9 153
604 451 153.2 540
15.32 63.8 48.49 15.3 60.4 45.1 15.32 54

Weight
Gain

T3
Weight
Gain

Sample
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Total
Mean

T2
Weight
Gain

T1

40.51
37.76
48.76
37.76
58.51
24.76
43.76
33.76
28.76
32.51
386.9
38.69

Weight Gained, Length and Width Increments

As revealed in Table 8, T1 had an initial weight of 15.3 grams and 63.8

grams for the final increment having an average mean increase of 63.8

Table 9 figures out T 2 whose initial stocking was 153.15 grams and final
increase of 604. The average mean for T 2 is 15.315 with the mean average is
45.1 grams.

As reflected in Table 9 is the growth performance of Treatment No. 3.Such

initial stocking was 15.49 with a total of 153.15 and for the final was 56 in grams
having a total of 540 total for the final growth having an average of 15.3 grams
for the initial stage and 54 grams mean average increment.

Summarily, all treatment showed an increment of growth performance in

terms of grams.

. With the proof of all the data, Treatment No. 1 had the highest increase
than the rest of the treatments being formulated.

To recall T1 is composed of 1.5 sweet potato peelings (Boniatos); 750

grams of leftover fish bones of Mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus); 375 ml.
of Vegetable oil; and 3 tabs amino acid feed.

SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE AMONG THE GROWTH FACTORS

This part provides the significant differences on the growth factors of T 1, T2, and
T3 respectively. This is presented in Table 9 up to Table 11.
ANOVA Result on Weight Gained

This section presents the ANOVA treatments of weight gained which is

found in table 9.

Table 9

ANOVA RESULT FOR WEIGHT GAINED

Between
Groups
Within
Groups
Total

Sum of Squares

df

Mean Square

Pvalue

1504.4

501.467

2.742

0.057

6584.325
8088.725

36
39

182.898

Decision
Accept Ho

Interpretation
not
significant

As shown in Table 9, the weight gained among the different treatments,

specifically in sum of squares in between groups is 1504 whose degree of
freedom is with a mean square of 501,467, had an F-test of 2.742, p-value of
0.57 in which the null hypothesis which states that There is no significant
difference on the growth and survival rates of the GIFT in a HAPA using the
formulated sweet potato granules is accepted and interpreted as not significant.

Since the F-value is 2.74 with P-value of 0.057 is greater than the alpha
value of 0.05, the Ho is accepted. This means that there was no significant
difference in the weight gained by tilapia fed with different feed formulation.

ANOVA Result on the Length Increment

This portion considers the ANOVA treatment in the length increment which
is dealt on Table 10.

Table 10

ANOVA TREATMENT FOR THE LENGTH INCREMENT

Between
Groups
Within
Groups
Total

Sum of Squares

df

Mean Square

Pvalue

1121

0.374

0.43

0.733

31279
32,400

36
39

0.869

Decision
Accept
Ho

Interpretation
not significant

As seen from Table 10, sum of squares between groups is 1121, and
within group is 31279 which totaled to 32,400 had degrees of freedom of three
(3), 36 with a total of 39 respectively resulted to mean squares of .374 and .869
for between groups and within groups all had an analysis of variance of .430 and
p-value of .733 which is greater than the alpha value of 0.05. The hypothesis is
accepted. This means that there was no significant difference in the length of
increment by tilapia fed with different feed formulation. This further implies that
the formulated feeds have the same effect on the increment.

ANOVA Result for Width Increment

This area provides the ANOVA treatment in the width increment which

is provided in Table 11.

Table 11
ANOVA Result for Width Increment

Between
Groups
Within Groups
Total

Sum of
Squares

df

3.078
9.657
12.735

3
36
39

Mean
Square
1.026
0.268

Pvalu
e

3.825

0.18

Decision
Reject
Ho

Interpretation
Significant

Table 11 reveals that the sum of squares between group is 3.078, within
groups of 9.657 having a total of 12.735 whose degrees of freedom is three (3),
36 with a total of 39. Such mean squares are 1.026 and .268 with an f-value of
3.825 and p-value of .018 which is lesser than 0.05 whose hypothesis of no
significant difference was rejected and showed significant difference.

To determine which treatments are significant, Tukey test was conducted.

This is reflected in Table 12.

Table 12

Tukey Test Results

Treatment

Mean

T1

1.483 ab

T2

1.188 a

T3

1.836 a

Based from the result, T 1 and T2 were not significant with each other but it
was significant with T2 and T3 while T2 was not significant to all other treatments.
This implies that T 2 is comparable with T3.
For the output of the study, a Techno-Guide is provided for.

Chapter 3

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Chapter 3 gives the summary of findings, draws the conclusions and

offers the recommendations

SUMMARY

The main purpose of the study was to determine the growth and survival
rates of the Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) in a HAPA using
formulated sweet potato granules at CTU- Moalboal Campus for the academic
year 2015-2016 as basis for a techno guide. The areas of concern included the
following: feed formulations of GIFT as to the following treatments: T1=Treatment
No. 1; 1.5kg sweet potato peelings (Boniatos) + 750 g leftover fish bones of the
mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) +375 ml of Vegetable oil + 3 tabs amino
acid feed, T2= Treatment No. 2; 1 kg sweet potato peelings (Boniatos) + 750 g
leftover fish bones of the mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) +375 ml of
Vegetable oil+2 tabs amino acid feed, and T 3= 0.5 kg sweet potato peelings
(Boniatos) + 250 g leftover fish bones of the mackerel scad (Decapterus
macarellus) +125 ml of Vegetable oil + 1 tab amino acid feed; the initial and final
weight in grams, length in centimeters and width in centimeters for all the
treatments; growth performances of GIFT based on the aforementioned
treatments as to the following factors: weight gained; length increments; and
width increments; determine whether there is a significant difference among the

growth factors of the aforementioned treatments; and techno-guide can be

formulated.

The researcher utilized the experimental method of research in the

gathering of important data vital in the making of the study.
FINDINGS
From the data gathered, classified, tabulated, computed, presented and
interpreted, the following findings are:
1. Feed formulations of GIFT as to the following treatments: T1 =
Treatment No. 1; 1.5 kg sweet potato peelings (Boniatos); + 750 grams leftover
fish bones of the mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus); + 375 ml. of Vegetable
oil; and + 3 tabs amino acid feed.T2= Treatment no. 2; 1.0 kg sweet potato
peelings (Boniatos)+ 750 grams leftover fish bones

of

the

mackerel

scad

(Decapterus macarellus); + 375 ml. of Vegetable oil; and + 2 tabs amino acid
feed. T3= Treatment no. 3; 0.5 kg sweet potato peelings (Boniatos)+ 250 grams
leftover fish bones of the mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus); + 125 ml. of
Vegetable oil; and + 1 tab amino acid feed.
2. The initial and final weight in grams, length in centimeters and width in
centimeters are its highest on T1 followed by T2 and T3. It was with the use of T1
which proved to be an effective feeds.
3. The growth performances of GIFT based on the aforementioned
treatments as to the following factors: weight gained; length increments; and
width increments were its highest on T1 followed by T 2, and T3.

4. There is no significant difference among the growth factors of the

different treatments.
5. The techno guide, pertaining to the output of the study is presented on
page 48.

CONCLUSION
From the findings, a conclusion is drawn that the initial and final weight in
T3. It was with the use of T1 which proved to be an effective feeds. The growth
performances of GIFT based on the aforementioned treatments as to the
following factors: weight gained; length increments; and width increments were
are its highest on T 1 followed by T2, and T3. There is no significant difference
among the growth factors of the different treatments.

Based from the result of the Tukey Test, T 1 and T2 were not significant
with each other but it was significant with T 2 and T3 while T2 was not significant to
all other treatments. This implies that T 2 is comparable with T3.

RECOMMENDATIONS
The following recommendations are offered:
1. Adoption of the techno-guide.
2. Resource person should be invited to speak more about the different
treatments.

3. There is a need to make a thorough discussion and elaboration on the topics.

4. Reference materials should be available within the reach of the students.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. BOOKS
El-Sayed, A. (2006). Tilapia Culture. CABI Publishing. USA.
Rosagast, M. (2012). Tilapia Fish Farming: Practical Manual (Tilapia Fish
Farming Information). CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
USA
Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources - PHILMINAQ (2007). Managing
aquaculture and its impacts: a guidebook for local governments.
Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources - PHILMINAQ Project
Philippine Coconut Authority Building, Elliptical Road, Diliman,
Quezon City Philippines
Northern Territory of Australia (2007). NT Barramundi Farming Handbook.
Department of Primary Industry, Fisheries and Mines Darwin Aquaculture
Centre. Australia

B. UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS
Adewolu, M. (2008). Potentials of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas) Leaf
Mealas Dietary Ingredient for Tilapia zilli Fingerlings. Lagos State
University, Lagos, Nigeria
Ansah,Y., et.al. (2014). Genetically-Improved Tilapia Strains in
Africa:Potential Benefits and Negative Impacts Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University, 208 Hutcheson Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061,
USA
Dionaldo, P. (2004). Fish and Shellfish Instant Noodles: Technology Guide
For Livelihood and Entrepreneurship Program
Cebu State College of Science and Technology, Cebu City
Maribao, C. (2004). The Survival and Growth Rates of Siganid Cultured in
Fresh Cage using Blue-Green Algae and Pellets as their Main
Feeds: A Comparative Study. Cebu State College of Science and
Technology System, Moalboal Campus, Moalboal, Cebu

Obiasada, N. (2005). A Comparative Study on the Growth and Survival Rates

of Freshwater Prawn Cultured in an Aquarium with Aerator using
Trash Fish and Commercial Feeds as their Main Feeds. Cebu State

College of Science and Technology System, Moalboal Campus,

Moalboal, Cebu
Pemsl, D., et.al. (2008). Adoption and farm-level impact of genetically
improved
farmed tilapia
(GIFT) in the Philippines. International
Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade(IIFET), Vietnam
Tabanao, C. (2005). Effects on the Growth and survival Rates of Marine
Water Eels Cultured in an Aquarium using Commercial Feeds and
Trash Fish with Aerator. Cebu State College of Science and
Technology System, Moalboal Campus, Moalboal, Cebu

C. PERIODICALS/JOURNALS
ADB, (2005) An impact evaluation study on the development of genetically
improved farmed tilapia and their dissemination in selected
countries, 77. Manila: Asian Development Bank
Coghlan , A (2012). "Nutrient-boosted foods protect against blindness". New
Scientist, Health. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
Coxon KM, Chakauya E, Ottenhof HH et al. (August 2005). "Pantothenate
biosynthesis in higher plants". Biochemical Society Transactions 33 (Pt 4):
7436.
Equia, R.V. and M.R.R. Equia. (2007). Tilapia Broodstock and Hatchery
Management. 48 pp.
Frtitzsimmons, K. and Sidrotun Naim. (2010). Tilapia: 2009 State of the
Industry. Tilapia Session. San Diego-WAS-March 5, 2010.
Khaw, H.L., H. Bovenhuis, R.W. Ponzoni, M.A. Rezk, H. CharoKarisa, and H.
Komen, (2009). Genetic analysis of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis
niloticus) selection line reared in two input environments,
Aquaculture, 294: 3742
Pilobello KT, Mahal LK (June 2007). "Deciphering the glycocode: the
complexity and analytical challenge of glycomics". Current Opinion
in Chemical Biology 11 (3): 3005
Ponzoni, R.W., N.H. Nguyen and H.L. Khaw, (2007) Investment appraisal of
genetic improvement programs in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis
niloticus), Aquaculture, 269: 187199

Yosef, S., (2009) Rich food for poor people: Genetically improved tilapia in
the Philippines,IFPRI Discussion Paper 00925

D. WEBSITE LINKS
http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/vegetables-and-vegetable-products/2667/2
http://freestatistics.info/stat.php
http://optimumnutrition.com

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A
TRANSMITTAL LETTER
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
Cebu Technological University
MOALBOAL CAMPUS
Moalboal, Cebu

May 2015
DR. ROMEO G. PABLEO
Campus Director
Cebu Technological University
Moalboal, Cebu

SIR:
The undersigned would like to distribute copies of the research instrument on the
study: INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY FOR GENETICALLY IMPROVED
FARMED TILAPIA (GIFT) in partial fulfillment of the requirements towards
obtaining a degree, Master in Education Major in Teaching Biology at Cebu
Technological University, Main Campus.
I am hoping for your approval on this request.
Respectfully yours,

(Sgd.) RESTI TITO H. VILLARINO

Researcher

APPROVED:
(Sgd.) ROMEO G. PABLEO, Ed.D
Campus Director

Noted by:
(Sgd.) REBECCA DC. MANALASTAS, Ph. D.
Dean, Graduate School (CTU- Main Campus)

APPENDIX B

Plates/Pictorials
In the
Conduct of the Study

THE FIRST DAY OF WEIGH-IN AND MEASURING THE LENGTH AND WIDTH

THE LAST DAY OF WEIGHING AND THE MEASURING OF LENGTH AND

WIDTH OF THE TILAPIA WITH THE BSFI-3 STUDENTS (AQUACULTURE
CLASS 2015-2016)

THE RESERCHER DISCUSSING THE PRACTICALITIES AND THE

APPLICATION OF THE RESEARCH IN THE AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY TO
THE BSFI-3 STUDENTS (AQUACULTURE CLASS 2015-2016)

THE RESEARCHER WITH HIS ADVISER AND THE BSFI-3 STUDENTS

(AQUACULTURE CLASS 2015-2016) OF CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL
UNIVERSITY MOALBOAL CAMPUS

TRANSFERRING THE TILAPIA FROM THE POND TO THE HAPA

THE FIRST DAY OF FEEDING WITH THE COMMERCIAL FEEDS AND THE
FORMULATED FEEDS

PLACING AND LABELING OF THE HAPA

SECURING THE GIFT THAT WILL BE USED IN THE STUDY (WEIGHED AND
MEASURED)

THE MAKING OF THE HAPA

ORAL EXAMINATION LAST NOVEMBER 6, 2015 AT CEBU

TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS, CEBU CITY

CURRICULUM VITAE

CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Background
Name

Resti Tito Huete Villarino

Date of Birth

April 4, 1986

Place of Birth

Cebu City

Home Address

Paramayon, Poblacion East, Moalboal, Cebu

Civil Status

Married

Spouse

Maureen Lorence Fuentebaja

Son

Nino Lorenz F. Villarino

Parents

Zosimo Jumao-as Villarino

Elsa Lilibios Huete

Sister

Ma. Grace Christine H. Villarino

Brother

Zosimo H. Villarino, Jr.

Contact Number

0922-2212373

Educational Background
Graduate Studies

Graduate, Master of Arts in Education

(Major in Biological Sciences)
Cebu Technological University
Cebu City

Graduate, Master of Arts in Education

(Major in Administration and Supervision)
Cebu Technological University
Moalboal, Cebu
Graduate, Certificate of Professional Education
Cebu Technological University
Moalboal, Cebu
November 2011 March 2012
18 Units

Master of Arts in Nursing

(Major in Psychiatric Nursing)
Cebu Normal University

November 2007 March 2008

12 Units
Collegiate

Bachelor of Science in Nursing

University of Southern Philippines Foundation
Salinas Drive, Lahug, Cebu City

Secondary

Pope John Paul XXIII Seminary

Juan Luna Avenue, Cebu City
1999 2003

Elementary

Moalboal Central School

Moalboal, Cebu
1993 - 1999

Eligibilities

Licensure Examination for Teachers

Cebu City
October 29, 2013
National Licensure Exam for Nurses
Cebu City
June 10 11, 2007

National TVET Trainers Certificate (NTTC) in

Cookery NC 2
TESDA RTC VII
October 2015
National Certificate in FOOD AND BEVERAGE
SERVICES NC 2 (Migrated)
TESDA RTC VII
December 11, 2015

National Certificate in FRONT OFFICE SERVICES

NC2
TESDA RTC VII
November 2015
National Certificate in COOKERY NC 2
TESDA RTC VII
July 31, 2015
National Certificate in
COMMERCIAL COOKING NC 2
TESDA RTC VII
April 1, 2014
National Certificate in HOUSEKEEPING NC 2
TESDA RTC VII
February 1, 2014
National Certificate in BARTENDING NC 2
TESDA RTC VII
January 31, 2014
National Certificate in FOOD AND BEVERAGE
SERVICES NC 2
TESDA RTC VII
December 18, 2013

Work Experience:
June 2012 Present

Part time Instructor

Cebu Technological University, Moalboal Campus

Moalboal, Cebu
April 14, 2009 May 7, 2011

Cardiovascular / Cardiac Catheterization Nurse

Perpetual Succour Hospital
Gorordo Avenue, Cebu City

February 25, 2008 April 13, 2009 Medical / Surgical / Psychiatric Nurse
Perpetual Succour Hospital
Gorordo Avenue, Cebu City
July 26, 2007 August 24, 2007

ESL Summer Camp Teacher

Regent Pacific College
Agus, Lapu Lapu City

In Service Trainings / Seminars / Workshops Attended:

PERIOD OF
TRAINING

NO. OF
TRAINING
HOURS

CONDUCTED BY

Front Office Operations and

Food and Beverage Services
Seminar Workshop

October 22-24,
2015

24 hrs.

Cebu Technological
University Moalboal
Campus

Cookery Seminar/Workshop

May 2015

48 hours

Barista Seminar/ Workshop

March 2015

40 hrs.

Cebu Technological
University Moalboal
Campus

Trainers Methodology 1
Seminar/ Workshop

October 2015

120 hrs.

TESDA RTC VII

Commercial Cooking
Seminar/Workshop

March 24-29,
2014

48 hrs.

TRAINING COURSE

Cebu Technological
University Moalboal
Campus

Cebu Technological
University Moalboal
Campus

Bartending and Housekeeping

Seminar/Workshop

January 3-5,
2014

Health and Wellness Seminar

for Senior Citizens

September 14,
2013

Prompt Response to Cathlab

Emergencies by Allied Medical
Service

April 30 May
1, 2010

24 hrs.

Cebu Technological
University Moalboal
Campus

9 hrs.

Cebu Technological
University Moalboal
Campus

16 hrs.

17th Annual Scientific

Convention:
Experiencing Technological
Advancements in
Interventional
Cardiology

April 30 May
1, 2010

16 hrs.

Basic Life Support / Advance

Cardiac Life Support Training

February 25
27, 2010

24 hrs.

IV Therapy Training Seminar

June 4 6,
2009

24 hrs.

The 1st Philippine Experiential

Education Congress: Lets
Walk the Talk, A Dinner
Activity
1st Post Graduate Training
Course
on Medical / Surgical Nursing
2008

January 16,
2008

8 hrs

January 14
February 23,
2008

240 hrs.

Job Readiness Seminar

September 28,
2007

8 hrs.

AIDS Awareness Seminar

February 2007

8 hrs

Philippine Society of
Cardiovascular
Catheterization and
Interventions, Inc.
Mandaluyong, City
Philippine Society of
Cardiovascular
Catheterization and
Interventions, Inc.
Mandaluyong, City
Cebu Heart Institute
Perpetual Succour Hospital
Gorordo Avenue, Cebu
Association of Nursing
Service Administrators of
the Philippines, Inc.
Perpetual Succour Hospital
Gorordo Avenue, Cebu
Association for the
Advancement of Humanistic
Psychology
Lahug, Cebu City
Perpetual Succour Hospital
Gorordo Avenue, Cebu
University of Southern
Philippines Foundation
Salinas Drive, Lahug, Cebu
City
University of Southern
Philippines Foundation
Salinas Drive, Lahug, Cebu
City