6WXG\RIWKH3RODULPHWULF6$5,QWHUIHURPHWU\

&RKHUHQFH2SWLPL]DWLRQ


:HL[LDQ/LX

+RQJFKXDQ)HQJ

7HPDVHN/DERUDWRULHV

7HPDVHN/DERUDWRULHV

1DQ\DQJ7HFKQRORJLFDO8QLYHUVLW\

1DQ\DQJ7HFKQRORJLFDO8QLYHUVLW\

6LQJDSRUH

6LQJDSRUH
+&)HQJ#QWXHGXVJ

HZ[OLX#QWXHGXVJ


$EVWUDFW 3RODULPHWULF DQG LQWHUIHURPHWULF 6$5 LV WKH
FRPELQDWLRQ RI 3RO6$5 DQG ,Q6$5  ,Q >@ D JHQHUDO
IRUPXODWLRQ LV GHULYHG IRU FRKHUHQW LQWHUIHURPHWU\ XVLQJ
SRODUL]HG ZDYHV %DVHG RQ WKLV IRUPXODWLRQ WKH FRKHUHQFH
RSWLPL]DWLRQ SUREOHP FDQ EH VROYHG WR REWDLQ WKH RSWLPXP
VFDWWHULQJ PHFKDQLVPV WKDW OHDG WR WKH EHVW SKDVH HVWLPDWHV ,Q
WKLV ZRUN WKH 362 DOJRULWKP LV HPSOR\HG WR LPSURYH WKH 6$5
LQWHUIHURPHWU\FRKHUHQFHRSWLPL]DWLRQ

,,%$&.*5281'6
)XOO\ SRODULPHWULF UDGDU V\VWHPV PHDVXUH  FRPSOH[
VFDWWHULQJ PDWUL[ VDPSOHV IRU HDFK UHVROXWLRQ HOHPHQW LQ WKH
LPDJH>@7RJHQHUDOL]HWKHH[SUHVVLRQVIRUWKHLQWHUIHURPHWULF
SKDVHDQGFRKHUHQFHZHXWLOL]HWKHFRKHUHQWVFDWWHULQJYHFWRU
HTXLYDOHQWWRDYHFWRUL]DWLRQRIWKHVFDWWHULQJPDWUL[

,QGH[7HUPV3RODULPHWULFLQWHUIHURPHWULF6$53RO,Q6$5


8VLQJWKHRXWHUSURGXFWIRUPHGIURPWKHVFDWWHULQJYHFWRUV

,,1752'8&7,21

DQG  IRU WKH LPDJHV , DQG , ZH FDQ GHILQH D 
+HUPLWLDQSRVLWLYHVHPLGHILQLWHPDWUL[


6\QWKHWLFDSHUWXUHUDGDU6$5LVDQDFWLYHUHPRWHVHQVLQJ

WHFKQRORJ\ ZKLFK KDV EHHQ ZLGHO\ XVHG LQ YDULRXV DVSHFWV RI
(DUWK REVHUYDWLRQ IURP ERWK DLUERUQH DQG VDWHOOLWH SODWIRUPV
3RODULPHWULF6$53RO6$5XVHVGLIIHUHQWSRODUL]DWLRQVLQWKH
WUDQVPLWWLQJ DQG UHFHLYLQJ DQWHQQDV WR REWDLQ SRODUL]DWLRQ
FKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIWKHLPDJHGWDUJHWV>@,QWHUIHURPHWULF6$5
,Q6$5 XVHV WZR RU PRUH DQWHQQDV VHSDUDWHG VSDWLDOO\ WR
REWDLQ D WKUHHGLPHQVLRQDO PHDVXUHPHQW RI WKH (DUWK VXUIDFH
>@3RODULPHWULFDQGLQWHUIHURPHWULF6$5LVWKHFRPELQDWLRQRI
3RO6$5DQG,Q6$5
,QWHUIHURPHWULF V\QWKHWLF DSHUWXUH UDGDU 6$5 ,Q6$5 LV
ZLGHO\ XVHG LQ WKH FUHDWLRQ RI GLJLWDO HOHYDWLRQ PRGHOV
&RKHUHQFHLVDQLPSRUWDQWFRQFHSWLQWKHDSSOLFDWLRQRI,Q6$5
,Q >@ D JHQHUDO IRUPXODWLRQ LV GHULYHG IRU FRKHUHQW
LQWHUIHURPHWU\ XVLQJ SRODUL]HG ZDYHV %DVHG RQ WKLV
IRUPXODWLRQWKHFRKHUHQFHRSWLPL]DWLRQSUREOHPFDQEHVROYHG
WR REWDLQ WKH RSWLPXP VFDWWHULQJ PHFKDQLVPV WKDW OHDG WR WKH
EHVW SKDVH HVWLPDWHV &RPSDULVRQ ZLWK FRQYHQWLRQDO VLQJOH
SRODUL]DWLRQ HVWLPDWHV LOOXVWUDWHV WKH VLJQLILFDQW SURFHVVLQJ
JDLQV WKDW DUH SRVVLEOH LI ZH KDYH DFFHVV WR IXOO SRODULPHWULF
LQWHUIHURPHWULFGDWD7KHRSWLPL]DWLRQDSSURDFKLVWRVROYHWKH
FRPSOH[ /DJUDQJLDQ PD[LPL]DWLRQ SUREOHP E\ VHWWLQJ WKH
SDUWLDO GHULYDWLYHV WR ]HUR +RZHYHU WKHUH PXVW EH DGGLWLRQDO
FRQGLWLRQV RU FRQVWUDLQWV DSSOLHG IRU WKH WZR QRUPDOL]HG
FRPSOH[ YHFWRUV EHFDXVH WKH DEVROXWH SKDVH RI WKH VLQJXODU
YHFWRUVLVQRWXQLTXHO\DQGSKDVHUHODWLRQVKRXOGEH WKHVDPH
EHIRUHDQGDIWHUWKHIXOOSRORSWLPL]DWLRQ,QWKLVSDSHUZHZLOO
VWXG\ D QHZ DSSURDFK IRU WKH 6$5 LQWHUIHURPHWU\ FRKHUHQFH
RSWLPL]DWLRQZKLFKKDVQRW\HWEHHQGLVFXVVHGLQ>@

c
978-1-4673-7297-8/15/$31.00 2015
IEEE


7KH JHQHUDOL]HG YHFWRU H[SUHVVLRQ IRU WKH FRKHUHQFH  LV
WKHQJLYHQE\







:KHUHWKHWZRQRUPDOL]HGFRPSOH[YHFWRUVZDQGZWKDW
FDQEHLQWHUSUHWHGDVWZRVFDWWHULQJPHFKDQLVPV,QWUHSUHVHQWV
WKH LQWHUIHURPHWULF FRQWULEXWLRQ DQG 3RO LV WKH SRODULPHWULF
FRQWULEXWLRQ
7RVROYHWKHLQWHUIHURPHWULFRSWLPL]DWLRQSUREOHPZHQHHG
WR IRUPXODWH D FRKHUHQW LH SKDVH SUHVHUYLQJ RSWLPL]DWLRQ
PHWKRG 7KH SUREOHP LV WR RSWLPL]H WKH JHQHUDO YHFWRU
IRUPXODWLRQ RI WKH LQWHUIHURPHWULF FRKHUHQFH DV JLYHQ LQ 
&RQYHQWLRQDOO\ ZH FDQ GR WKLV E\ PD[LPL]LQJ WKH FRPSOH[
/DJUDQJLDQ/GHILQHGVDPHDVLQ>@








7KHRSWLPDOVROXWLRQVDUHWKHHTXDWLRQVDQGZLWKWKH
FRQVWUDLQWVWKDWWKHDQJOHVRIERWKZHLJKWLQJSDUDPHWHUPXVWEH
WKHVDPH

84













7KLV DSSURDFK XVXDOO\ ZRUNV IRU WKH V\VWHP WKDW UDQJH LV
PXFK ODUJHU WKDQ WKH EDVHOLQH OHQJWK ,I ZH FKHFN WKH VKRUW
UDQJH ,Q6$5 LPDJHV ZH FDQ HYHQ REVHUYH YLVXDOO\ WKH SL[HO
DPSOLWXGH GLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQ ILJXUH  DQG  EHFDXVH WKH
GHSUHVVLRQDQJOHFKDQJHFDQWEHLJQRUHG


FRPSOH[YHFWRUVZDQGZDUHFRQVWUDLQHGLHWKHDQJOHVRI
WKH YHFWRUV PXVW EH WKH VDPH WR JXDUDQWHH SKDVH UHODWLRQ
EHWZHHQWKH,Q6$5LPDJHVEHIRUHDQGDIWHUWKHRSWLPL]DWLRQ

,QWKLVVHFWLRQZHXVHRXUVKRUWUDQJH,Q6$5LPDJHV
)LJV    WR YHULI\ WKH DOJRULWKP %\ FRPSDULQJ ILJXUH 
DQG  ZH FDQ REVHUYH WKH LPSURYHPHQW EHIRUH DQG DIWHU
RSWLPL]DWLRQ :LWK WKH FRPSOH[ YHFWRU FRQVWUDLQW WKH DQJOH
UHODWLRQEHWZHHQWKHWZR,Q6$5LPDJHVUHPDLQVWKHVDPHHYHQ
IRUWKHVKRUWUDQJHLPDJHVZLWKYHU\ODUJHEDVHOLQH
'SLIVIRG]::4SP

<FERH::0S[IVERXIRRE






6ERKIQ



















































 







%^MQYXLQ



















)LJ7\SLFDO6$5LPDJH,

)LJ6FDODUFRKHUHQF\UHVXOWV

:IGXSV-RXIVJIVSQIXV]'SLIVIRG]


<FERH::,MKLIVERXIRRE



















































6ERKIQ







 

















%^MQYXLQ

)LJ7\SLFDO6$5LPDJH,


7KDW ZLOO FDXVH WKH DQJOH GLVVLPLODULW\ EHWZHHQ WKH WZR
ZHLJKWLQJ SDUDPHWHUV IRU WKH XSSHU DQG ORZHU ,Q6$5 LPDJHV
VLQFHWKH7DQG7DUHVLJQLILFDQWO\GLIIHUHQW

,,,3622%-(&7,9()81&7,21$1'5(68/76',6&866,21
7R VROYH WKH SUREOHPV GLVFXVVHG LQ VHFWLRQ  ZH HPSOR\
WKH3DUWLFOH6ZDUP2SWLPL]DWLRQ362DOJRULWKPWRVROYHWKLV
SUREOHP 362 DOJRULWKP > @ KDV JRRG SURSHUW\ RI IDVW
FRQYHUJHQFHLQJOREDORSWLPL]DWLRQ+HUHLQWKHHTXDWLRQLV
WUHDWHG DV WKH REMHFWLRQ IXQFWLRQ DQG WKH WZR QRUPDOL]HG

)LJ9HFWRUFRKHUHQFHUHVXOWVDIWHURSWLPL]DWLRQ


%DVHGRQRXUGDWDVHWZHFRPSDUHGWKHSKDVHGLVWRUWLRQE\
XVLQJGLIIHUHQWDSSURDFKHVWKHUHVXOWVDUHLOOXVWUDWHGLQ7DEOH,

7DEOH,&RPSDULVRQRI3KDVHGLVWRUWLRQ
&RPSDULVRQ5HVXOWV
$SSURDFK
0HDQ
VWDQGDUGGHYLDWLRQ
&RQYHQWLRQDO
GHJUHHV
GHJUHHV
1HZ
GHJUHHV
GHJUHHV

2015 IEEE 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar(APSAR)

85

,9&21&/86,21

,QWKLVSDSHUWKH362DOJRULWKPLVHPSOR\HGIRUWKH
6$5LQWHUIHURPHWU\FRKHUHQFHRSWLPL]DWLRQ7KH;EDQG
VKRUWUDQJH,Q6$5PHDVXUHPHQWVGDWDDUHXVHGWRYHULI\
WKHDSSURDFK7KHRSWLPL]DWLRQDSSURDFKZRUNVZHOO7KH
GUDZEDFN LV WKH FRPSXWDWLRQ ORDG LV KLJK FRPSDULQJ WR
WKHFRQYHQWLRQDOPHWKRG

>@
>@

>@


5()(5(1&(6

>@


>@ +$=HENHUDQG--YDQ=\O,PDJLQJUDGDUSRODULPHWU\D
UHYLHZ3URFHHGLQJVRIWKH,(((YROQRSS
1RYHPEHU
>@ +$=HENHU--YDQ=\ODQG'1+HOG,PDJLQJUDGDU
SRODULPHWU\IURPZDYHV\QWKHVLV-RXUQDORI*HRSK\VLFDO
5HVHDUFKYROQR%SS-DQXDU\
>@ 57RX]L:0%RHUQHU-6/HHDQG(/XHQHEXUJ$
UHYLHZRISRODULPHWU\LQWKHFRQWH[WRIV\QWKHWLFDSHUWXUHUDGDU

>@

FRQFHSWVDQGLQIRUPDWLRQH[WUDFWLRQ&DQ-5HPRWH6HQVLQJ
YROQRSS
5%DPOHUDQG3+DUWO6\QWKHWLFDSHUWXUHUDGDU
LQWHUIHURPHWU\,QYHUVH3UREOHPVYROSS55
65&ORXGHDQG.33DSDWKDQDVVLRX3RODULPHWULF6$5
,QWHUIHURPHWU\,(((7UDQVDFWLRQVRQ*HRVFLHQFHDQG5HPRWH
6HQVLQJ9RO1R6HSW
--YDQ=\O+$=HENHUDQG&(ODFKL,PDJLQJUDGDU
SRODUL]DWLRQVLJQDWXUHV7KHRU\DQGREVHUYDWLRQ5DGLR6FL
YROSS
.HQQHG\-DQG(EUKDUW53DUWLFOHVZDUPRSWLPL]DWLRQ

LQ
3URFRI,(((&RQIHUHQFHRQ1HXUDO1HWZRUNV,9
3LVFDWDZD\1-SS5$'$5&21
5RPH,WDO\0D\SS
(EUKDUW5DQG.HQQHG\-$QHZRSWLPL]HUXVLQJSDUWLFOH
VZDUPWKHRU\,Q3URFRIWKH6L[WK,QWHUQDWLRQDO6\PSRVLXP
RQ0LFUR0DFKLQHDQG+XPDQ6FLHQFH1DJR\D-DSDQ
SS

86

2015 IEEE 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar(APSAR)