TUGAS 2 TERMODINAMIKA

Nama : Viodita Rizki

NIM : 1407122581
Teknik Kimia S1 Kelas C

1.1 What is the value of gc and what are its units in a system in which the second, the foot,
and the pound mass are defined as in Sec. 1.2, and the unit of force is the poundal,
defined as the force required to give l(lbm) an acceleration of l(ft)(s)-2?
Jawaban:
Newtons second law expresses force as the product of mass and acceleration.
However, a dimensional constant is required to adjust the unit of force, so Newtons
law is written as:
F=

1
ma
gc
Replace the given values of force, acceleration and mass in the equation.

1 ( poundal )=

gc =1

1
ft
(1 Lbm )(1 2 )
gc
s

Lbm ft
2

s poundal

his system of units is the English-system equivalent to the SI system.

lbm . ft
m
kg
gc =1 2
x 0.3048 x 0.45359237
ft
lbm
s pound

gc =0.13825

kg m
2
s lbm

1.5 Pressures up to 3000 bar are measured with a dead-weight gauge. The piston diameter
is 4 rnm. What is the approximate mass in kg of the weights required?

Jawaban:
P = 3000 bar
D = 4 mm
g = 9.807 m/s2

A=

2
D
4

A=

3.14
( 4.103 )2
4

A=12.566 x 106 m2
8

1 =3 x 10 Pa=3 x 10 (

N
)
2
m

10 Pa
3000

P=

F
A

F=P. A

F=3.10 8 N /m2 x 12.566 .106 m2

F=37.698 x 102 N

F=mass . g

mass=

F
g

37.698 x 10 2 N
mass=
m
9.807 2
s

1.6 Pressures up to 3000 atm are measured with a dead-weight gauge. The piston diameter
is 0.17 (in). What is the approximate mass in (lbm) of the weights required?
Jawaban:
P = 3000 atm
D = 0.17 in
g = 32.174 ft/s2

101325 Pa
3000 atm=
=303975000 Pa
1 atm
1m
=0.004318 m
100 cm
2.54 cm
0.17

1 x

d2
=m
4g

Replacing the given values

(0.004318)2
303975000
=453.89 Kg
4 9.807
453.89 Kg

1 Lbm
=1000,6757 Lbm
0,45359 Kg

1.7 The reading on a mercury manometer at 298.15 K (25C) (open to the atmosphere at
one end) is 56.38 cm. The local acceleration of gravity is 9.832 m s -2. Atmospheric
pressure is 101.78 kPa. What is the absolute pressure in kPa being measured? The
density of mercury at 298.15 K (25C) is 13.534 g cm-3
Jawaban:
=13.534 g . cm3
g=9.832m . s2
h=56.38 cm
Patm =101.78 kPa

Pg =gh= 13.534

g
1 Kg 1003 cm3
m
1m

9.832 2 56.38 cm
=75022,77 Pa
3
3
100 cm
cm 1000 g
1m
s

||
||= . g .h+ P

+ Patm =75,02 Kpa+101,78 Kpa=176,8 Kpa

||=P
P
1.10 The first accurate measurements of the properties of high-pressure gases were made
by E. H. Amagat in France between 1869 and 1893. Before developing the dead-weight
gauge, he worked in a mine shaft, and used a mercury manometer for measurements of
pressure to more than 400 bar. Estimate the height of manometer required.
||=P

Jawaban:
Assume the following :
= 13.5 gr/cm3
g = 9.8 m/s2
p = 400 bar
h=?

h=

P
. g

= 302.3 m

400
13.5 . 9.8

1.14 A70 W outdoor security light burns, on average, 10 hours a day. A new bulb costs
$5.00, and the lifetime is about 1000 hours. If electricity costs $0.10 per kWh, what is
the yearly price of "security," per light?
Jawaban:
Assuming there are 365 days per year and that the security light will work every day,
the total working hours are 3650. The yearly cost per light is the sum of the cost of
consumed electricity (variable) and the cost of buying new bulbs as necessary (fixed).
The fixed cost is:
3650
4 newbulbs 4 $ 5.00=$ 20.00
1000
*The number of total bulbs must be rounded up as you cant buy a fraction of a bulb.
The variable cost is:
$
0.1
3650 h 0.07 kW =$ 25,55
kW h
The total cost is:
CTotal =$ 20.00+ $ 25.55=

1.15

$ 45.55
year

A gas is confined in a 0.47-m-diameter cylinder by a piston, on which rests a weight.

The mass of the piston and weight together is 150 kg. The local acceleration of
gravity is 9.813 m/s2, and atmospheric pressure is 101.57 kPa.
(a) What is the force in newtons exerted on the gas by the atmosphere, the piston,
and the weight, assuming no friction between the piston and cylinder?
(b) What is the pressure of the gas in kPa?
(c) If the gas in the cylinder is heated, it expands, pushing the piston and weight
upward.
If the piston and weight are raised 0.83 m, what is the work done by the gas in kJ?
What is the change in potential energy of the piston and weight?

Jawaban:
= 1.25 ft

g = 32.169 ft/s2

Patm = 30.12 in Hg

A 4 . D2

Mass = 250 lbm

3.14
.
4

a) F = Patm . A + mass . g
= 30.12 . 1.227 + 250 . 32.169
= 2.857 x 103lbf
F
b) Pabs = A

2857
1.227

= 16.166 psia
c) l = 1.7 ft
Work = F .l
= 2.857 x 103 . 1.7
= 4.857 x 103
PE = mass .g . l
= 250 .32.169 . 4.857 x 103
= 424.933 ft.lbf

(1.25)2 = 1.227 ft2