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ABSTRACT: In this work, realizations of a dual function integrated modules are simply
built by fixing the identical frequency selective surface (FSS) s into the apertures of the
available exponentially tapered transverse electromagnetic (TEM) and ridged horn antennas. Both modules are confirmed experimentally to have functions of prefiltering suppressing EMI and noise when the signal is received, alongside the enhanced directivity in the
desired band, thus these modules can be called as Filtennas. A FSS is simply built by the
properly designed periodic double anchor-shaped microstrip patches in CST microwave suit
using low-cost FR4 with the relative permittivity 4.4, thickness 1.58 mm, loss tangent
0.0035. From the measured results, it can be found that the proposed modules keep mismatching characteristics of the horn antennas, meanwhile their gains and beamwidths are
enhanced to amplify the signal in the desired band and simultaneously deteriorated to
attenuate EMI and noise in the out-band. It is expected that this methodology can be impleC 2016 Wiley Perimented to effectively reduce volume and cost of communication systems. V
odicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 00:000000, 2016.
Keywords: filtenna; frequency selective surface; horn antenna; performance enhancement; broadband
I. INTRODUCTION
Mahouti et al.
the antenna structures are carried out. Section presents
the measurement results for the return loss, maximum
gain, and radiation patterns for all the antenna modules.
Finally, the work ends with the conclusions.
A. Horn Antennas
In this section, two different horn antennas in Figure 1,
are taken for modeling the proposed Filtenna modules
which are the traditionally available Exponentially
Tapered TEM and ridged horn antennas with the operational bandwidths 49 GHz. Geometrical dimensions of
both horn antennas are given in Table I.
B. Design of the FSS Unit Element: The Double AnchorShaped Microstrip Patch
In this stage, it is aimed at constructing an efficient FSS
unit element to have functions of bandpass filter within
the desired bandwidth and reduce the interference and
noise signals at the out-band. Scattering Parameters of the
microstrip patches in the various geometries on the lowcost FR4 (relative permittivity 4.4, thickness 1.58 mm and
loss tangent 0.0035) are investigated as a two-port behavior within the 210 GHz bandwidth using CST microwave
suit. The Double Anchor shape microstrip patch is found
to be a suitable FSS unit element [11]. A FSS array (3 3
2 3 2) are found to be optimum in building Filtenna
modules for band-pass prefiltering of both horn antennas
by enhancing the gains and beam widths for amplification
of the signal in the desired 58 GHz band and simultaneously deteriorating them to attenuate EMI and noise in the
out-band meanwhile keeping the mismatching characteristics. Figure 2 shows the unit Double Anchor Shape element alongside of simulation set-up in the transmission
position. In Figure 3, the fabricated FSS array structure
consists of a 2 3 2 matrix of unit element is presented.
Simulation set-up of the used 3 3 2 3 2 FSS array and
Scattering parameters of the unit and the array are given
in Figure 4.
Parameters
W (mm)
D (mm)
a (mm)
L (mm)
20
Horn Antennas
Parameters
TEM
Ridged
Aperture
width
Aperture
height
Length
(mm)
Gap
between
FSS (mm)
74
80
73.5
60
60
125
10
10
International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering/Vol. 00, No. 00, Month 2016
C. Implementation
The designs obtained in the previous section are combined
for implementation of Filtenna modules. In Figure 5 the
three-dimensional views of fabricated Filtenna modules
which are built by placing the FSS arrays perpendicular to
the aperture of the Horn antennas. As the distance of FSS
structures from the antennas is an important implementation parameter, it should be choose wisely, the experimental results of proposed Filtenna module for different
distances are studied and 10 mm is found to be the best
value for the proposed FSS structure in 58 GHz band
with via trial and error method. In the next section, the
experimental results belong to the proposed modules are
presented.
In this section, the mismatching and transmission characteristics, maximum far field gains and radiation patterns
of the proposed modules are measured using two identical
antenna in [12] as a reference antenna, the transmission
characteristics, gain, and radiation patterns are given in
the Figures 68.
In Figure 6, the measured return losses of the Filtenna
modules are given. As it seen from these characteristics,
putting FSS structures to the aperture of the antennas does
not have any disruptive effect on the return loss performance of the antennas in the operation band width of the
antennas.
Figure 7 presents the measured Transmission characteristics of antennas and Filtenna modules at maximum
gain direction (/ 5 90 , h 5 90 ). As it can be seen from
these characteristics, the proposed FSS structure not only
increases the transmitted signal level in the desired bandwidth 58 GHz, but also filters the unwanted frequencies
4 and 9 GHz before these signals reaches to the systems.
Due to this ability of the design, these kinds of the integrated modules named as Filtennas.
In Figure 8, the measured radiation patterns of the
antennas are presented. As it is seen from Table II and
Figures 8a8b, TEM Filtenna attenuates EMI in the main
beam direction (/ 5 90, h 5 90) 4 dB and 5.7 dB at
4 GHz and 9 GHz, respectively, meanwhile the corresponding attenuations for the ridged Filtenna are 3.4 and
7.5 dB. Also the pass-band radiation performances (Figs.
8c8f) in terms of gain and 3 dB beam widths are also
given in Tables II and III, respectively. From the characteristics in Figures 8c8f and Tables II and III, one can
Figure 5 Filtenna modules (a) exponentially tapered TEM, (b) ridged horn antennas.
Figure 6 Measured return loss characteristics (a) exponentially tapered TEM, (b) ridged horn.
Figure 7 Measured transmission characteristics of the (a) exponentially tapered TEM, (b) ridged horn antenna.
Figure 8 Measured radiation patterns of the horns and filtennas. (a, b) out-band, (cf) pass-band.
Mahouti et al.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Frequency (GHz)
Model
TEM
FSS TEM
Ridged
FSS Ridged
11.48
7.41
9.59
6.2
10.65
10.7
8.7
9.05
11.55
12.41
7.98
9.33
7.74
9.82
8.11
9.98
6.65
8.23
6.55
8.92
3.82
22.1
7.14
20.5
REFERENCES
Frequency (GHz)
Model
TEM
FSS
TEM
Ridged
FSS Ridged
908
808
908
708
1308
658
1308
508
1308
1008
1208
958
1008
708
1108
558
In this work, a dual function filtenna module design is performed by simply inserting the properly designed identical
FSSs perpendicular into the apertures of the available horn
antennas. A FSS is simply built by the properly designed
periodic double anchor-shaped microstrip patches in CST
microwave suit using low-cost FR4 with the relative permittivity 4.4, thickness 1.58 mm, loss tangent 0.0035. Briefly
the two main features gained to the horns can be summarized from examining the measured characteristics: The first
feature is the prefiltering functionality which is suppressing
EMI and noise in the unwanted frequencies simultaneously
with receiving of the desired signal. Second feature is that
directivities of the filtenna modules are well improved by
enhanced gains and beam widths compared with their individual horns in the desired band.
This novel design methodology can easily be implemented in the communication systems where multifunction integration is at most importance needed for
structural constraints, as in addition to having above functions, these filtenna structures have advantages such as
cost reduced and compact volume.
In future works, it is possible to design the desired
operation and filtering bandwidths by placing FSSs with
the units in different shapes and numbers to the aperture
of the horn antennas.
International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering/Vol. 00, No. 00, Month 2016
BIOGRAPHIES
Peyman Mahouti received his M.Sc. degree
in Electronics and Communication Engineering from the Yldz Technical University in
2012. He has been currently in Ph.D. program of Yldz Technical University. The
main research areas are optimization of
microwave circuits, broadband matching circuits, and device modeling, and computeraided circuit design, microwave amplifiers.
Filiz G
unes received her M.Sc. degree in
Electronics and Communication Engineering from the Istanbul Technical University. She attained her Ph.D. degree in
Communication Engineering from the
Bradford University in 1979. She is currently a full professor in Yldz Technical
University. Her current research interests
are in the areas of multivariable network
theory, device modeling, computer aided microwave circuit design,
monolithic microwave integrated circuits, and antenna designs.