Faith

and

Sight

Faith

ESS

ATS

ON

and

THE

RELATION

TO

Sight

OF

AGNOSTICISM

THEOLOGY

BY

PIERSON

WILLIAM

CHARLES
NEW

SCRIBNER'S
YORK

MERRILL

SONS

1900

IDOO

Copyright,
By

Charles

Scribner's

UNIVERSITY
AND

PRESS

SON

"

CAMBRIDGE,

"

JOHN

Sons

WILSON
U.S.A.

CONTENTS
Page

I.

Present

Theological

II.

The

Phenomenon

III.

The

Scientific

Conditions

Agnosticism

of

Function

of

14

ology
The24

IV.

The

Two

Great

Types

ogy
Theol-

of

43
V.

Historical

The

of

the

Types

Two
VI.

Relations

Task

61
of

the

Theologian

of

To-day
VII.

VIII.

The

73

Truth

The

in

Agnosticism
.

Validity

of

Christianity

93
the

True

tive
Subjec-

Theology
X.
XI.

The

True

Mutual

Types

77

phic
Anthropomor-

Theology
IX.

109

Theologians
Obligations

To-day

OF

of

the

118

Two
161

that

thou

Mayst

Nor

Her

early

Nor

thou

that

life

Her

which

thou,

Thou

ev'ii

she

that

fail
for

her

7iot

want

divine!

7-ipe

within.

law

in

of

good:
blood

and

reason

the

thine.

as

unto

truth

countest

by

pure

flesh

links

confuse

days.

quicker
the

views;

hi?tt

is

are

'prays.

hapPy

shadow'

forfn

be

holding

hi

And

thro''

sacred

she

melodious

hands

O,

See

with

air,

everywhere,

when

Heaven,

purer

forjn,

to

sister

leads

faith
Her

To

thy

thou

Leave

centre

itself

fix

to

cares

reached

hath

faith

storjn

have

to

seem

Whose

and

toil

after

world

such

of

In

sin,

type.

Memoriam,

xxxiii.

FAITH

Although

is

could

The

inspire

to

sacrifice

go

of

spirit
us.

to

the

there

of

call

it

are

for

the

for

their

the

self-

spirit

Jesus

few

who

live

of

but

ours,

is

still

would

theological
who

many

mightiest

be

not

be

lief.
unbe-

to

may

may

of

age

devotion

belief

the

one

women

martyrdom

stake

an

is still

and

men

There

that

nevertheless

Jesus

helpful

and

martyrs

among

of

name

tions
condi-

confused,

unrest,

truthfully

not

force

of

one

keen

very

theological

much

are

need

not

that

discern

to

to-day
time

does

one

insight

the

CONDITIONS

THEOLOGICAL

PRESENT

the

SIGHT

AND

for

ions;
opintheir

FAITH

AND

SIGHT

religious principles, though

much

life's comfort.

of

before,

never

ideal,

Christian
a

spirit

of

martyrdom

into

with

an

the

that

and
all

glamour

lacking.

Philip

devise

to

the

the

in

secret,

in

of

martyrdom,

of

head

of

modern

religion,
interests
there

of

has

It is not,

the

is

then,

time

the

of

glory
the
the

for
self

uine
gen-

like

the

in

sake,

Christ's

age

of

fe, but

on

But

for
an

demned
con-

upon

crown

sacrifice

been

is

tried

the

away

no

helpfulness

never

death

da

auto

martyr.

true

entire

an

Spain

its influence

and

lost

Netherlands

the

take

to

There

the

executing
in

order

and

praiseworthy

Second

of

long

slums

martyr's

torture

bystanders.

the

fulness.
help-

in

the

of

way

the

sacrificed

more

of

some

all

of

persistence,

Protestants
with

Hving,

cause

into

as

the

to

places, seeking

energy

the

to-day,

Christian

the

to

down

waste

self-sacrifice,

is

of

cost

devotion

being

are

by going

devotion,

of

practical

to

Lives

out

There

spirit

the

at

this.

irreligion

reli-

is

gion
the

the

There

church

worship
but

is indeed

assemblies,
when

the

but

more

aloof

be

failure.
there

their

All

of

the

when

spirit
Founder
But

is

of

all

religion

and

truth,
of

with

shall

be

upon

Christianity
this

intense

of
that

noted

out

moral

having

foreshadowing

token

that

means

are

thoughtful

exceptional
this

fact

Christianity

kept

"

the

to

very

has
of

on

which
said
moral

men

the

of

ness."
earnest-

the

its
a

gard
re-

and

women

not

are

Reformation
is

hope,
Bruce

who

by

The

and

number

large

women

church

of

less

paid

organized

Professor
is

and

from

who

synods

it.

men

sign

of

cloth,

man

truth

respect

earnest

standing

the

the

to

acts

heart

more

to

the

declare

they

some

may

paid

of

in

perhaps

but

given

to

than

reverence

respect

prophet

given

that

is less

veneration

pervasive

more

ceremonies,

less

more

truth

and

deeper

past.

for

CONDITIONS

THEOLOGICAL

PRESENT

tant
Protes-

fruition

better
that
the
it must

it

time,
basis
Great
rest.

earnestness

of

there

is

in

It
than
is

moral

Christ

for

influence

confessed,

characterized
who

many

could

that

confession

who

hold

that

it

find

the

is

avoid

the

thought

insecure.

adopt

to

creed

The
like

attack
that

days
the

are

heartily
Some

of

who

minds,

those

emphasis
and

aroused,
*'

that
their
when

it

profess

Methinks

much."

too

to

profess

and

inevitably

protest

sensitive

so

There

murmuring,

doth

chiefly

present,

faith.

their

distinct

conspicuous

theology,

ourselves

brother

are

when

determination

suspicion

we

be

old

satisfies

such

is

subscribe
of

the

is

living

and

confusion."

by

as

Christianity, lately

and

and,

who

man

working

he

theology

My

"

absence,

its

that

that

manner

preaching

minister,

such

with

successfully

and

rather

uncertainty,

spiritual.

or

faithfully

for

distinctively theological.

mental

and

vagueness

matters

is

Christian
in

undoubted

an

looseness

SIGHT

AND

FAITH

one

They
cannot

footing
men

Westminster

must

could
Con-

PRESENT

THEOLOGICAL

fession

Faith,

with

it

the

of
that

are

mind

the

of

the

show

that

of

despair
old

is

left

without

their

powerlessness,
with

men

of

real

is

known

can

say

the
as

what

sympathy

case

the
the
rather

or

is in

much

new

of

be

their

their

inspire

to

life, how

an

to

by

little

minds.
with

Theology,

than

in

ing
embark-

show

theology

to

such

not

better

New

in

belief
them

inability

there

conviction

from

faith

Christian

is

Nor

their

denial,

of

sea

still

is

clinging

terror

results

who,

men

determination

theology,

the

on

the

are

forces

pits
pul-

preached

days

professing

all that

profession

old

else,

the

few

is

of

mass

anything

when

them,

are

of

the

systems,

conviction,

sincerity;

power

But

present.

the

the

if

steadies

theology

with

God,

strange

of
and

tainty
cer-

of

not

There

old

and

strongly

is

heart

hearer.

where

truth

very

power

the

wins

absolute

an

it

the

is

too

which

was

forever;

gone

gone

CONDITIONS

is ?

what
Who
It

intellectual

is

FAITH

product,

AND

of

logical system
all

at

beyond

protest

against

definiteness

light, life, but

The

theological

meaning.
those
is

falling
to

to

return

which

we

which

are

They

tell

us,

who

the

from

the

have

gone,

so

regard

much
the

the

church

must

is

knowledge
ac-

they

and
stand
that

to

better

present

the
than
unrest

it
livered
de-

once

appeal

strange

wide

cause

faith

"

this

of

sadness,

the
"

saints

fervor,

extreme

with

of

tized.
unsystema-

its

to

The

have

All

one

from

away

but

estimate

as

advantage

there

opinion

old

and

best

in

presence;

the

faults

yet

their

the

belief

thought

At

of

the

uncertainty.

of

it goes

at

of

as

are

in

its

Where

ideas

new

of

agreed

diversity

is

least

they

leaders

not

are

it

at

the

than

its

fragments
have

systems

of

out

them,

of

collection

rather

criticism

mere

pointing

mind

thought.

system,

old

of

state

SIGHT

to

us

after

gods
old

ways,

the
and

new.

in-

PRESENT

THEOLOGICAL

definiteness

CONDITIONS

those

among

theological questions
fact

the

due

to

have

been

led

seductive

has

what

of

those

did

the

same

his

he

as

veins.
of
at

but

was

A
be

return

utterly
time

same

of

its

the

and

urge

them

They

do

not

see

did

when

dead

of

useless
return

absoluteness.

old

his

trines,
doc-

point

influence
all

that

as

with

the

that

they

arise

and

of

life

the

hero

dead

ruse

on

ceeded
suc-

back
horse-

that

and

men,

was

triumph.

temporary
to

vigor
has

once

head

to

man

the

and

heartily

as

meet

putting

under

the

by

They

to

for

men

remedy,

the

to

past

Only

the

truth

the

of

men

calling

fight

crone

believe

to

of

only

return

doctrines,

success.

are

in

is

the

statements.

been

old

need

we

old

misfortune,

minds

The

on

evolutionary

theories.

in their
to

the

of

is

think

great

from

away

only safety,

who

that

influence

naturalistic
the

as

old

the

unless
to

the

theology
could

we

old

Required

would
at

the

conviction
or

formal

FAITH

to

assent

confession

of

elastic

the

living
faith

of

unless

it

without

has

of
of

or

and

enthusiastically

the

century

mind
that

believe
old

the

sions
confes-

statement

ago,

mind

of

and

without

enthusiastically

ciates
appre-

human

can

in

the

who

one

centuries

which

satisfactory

to-day

can

apology

explanation.
At

of

confession

progress

three

belief

adopt

No

found,

be

can

fessions
con-

past.

No

this

in

made

there

the

all

old

convictions

apology.
at

the
the

held

be

can

increasingly-

thoroughly

be

can

is

when

either

voiced

are

men

stance
subdefi-

be

must

It

times

accurately
of

for

"

secure

it

theology;

that

faith

cannot

meaningless.

or

evident

of
"

doctrine

of

niteness

SIGHT

AND

the

other

extreme

leading

progressive,

in

this

condition
as

minds

thing

it is
in

words

are

of

good

strong

who

men,

task

to

real

faith

of

tainty
uncer-

their

To

itself.

hopeless
the

rejoice

theological
in

party

try
the

to

press
ex-

church.

Every
will

is

creed

Reformation
it

broke

to

set

past

went

but

with

better

off

without
when

such

that

terms

of

But

they

is

True

be

of

indication

of

interval

man's

that
are

and

expressed

are

in

conditions
are

always

must

has

every

final

old

being

be
or

looseness

of
of

religious
clothing

but

ually
grad-

system

cannot

reason

of

state,

system

new

the

are

The

not

of

and

Creeds

men

philosophy.

It

grounds

vagueness

growth.

The
life

these

an

evolved.

healthy

is

religion

uncertainty

being,

outgrown

on

be

between

gradually

is

creed.

theology

of

time

present

only

church

religious

that

evident

part

from

the

that

in

reasoning.

extremists.
a

The

system

The

cannot

human

it

shown.

theology;

of

ology
the-

in

half-way,

apart

realities

great

has

others.

many

never

interest

dogmatic

one

up

stronger

the

the

which

There

hindrance.

future

the

in

be

the

CONDITIONS

THEOLOGICAL

PRESENT

tained
main-

history,
theology
life and
of

faith.

creed

cast-iron

that

but

is

faith

that

are

will
the

of

hide

longer

no

nakedness

the

shall

hear

forth

arrayed

to

past

in

words

witness

to

when

faith
her

of
the

wear

ages,

when

God

and

of

voice

cations
indi-

ashamed

away

of

clothes

The

about

unable

yet

sion
expres-

substantially

revival,

theological

great

velop,
de-

gradually

age.

are

we

will

the

to

take

and

Hfe

off

itself

to

always

which

belief

the

express

the

out

throwing

left

form,

shape

assume

shall

If

will

logical

in

for

reason

no

true

crush

may

entirely.

clothing

SIGHT

AND

FAITH

10

worthy

grown
out-

she
come

her

be

to

garments.
There

modify

to

will

be

the

take

the

faith

Stearns's

old

of
"

old

is

so

that

to

to-day,
Day

take

remodel
is

their

ing
seek-

they
ers.
think-

present-day
words

and

Present

which

forms

to

meaning,

new

statements

the

party

acceptable

To
with

another

is

and

fill them

the

old

them
task.

Theology"

trinal
docto

fit
Dr.

is such

THEOLOGICAL

PRESENT

endeavor.^

an

in the

CONDITIONS

The

such

of
fication

Church

them

the

old

acceptable

So

far

it

as

enough.

But

way

indeed.

The

approach

the

advance

few

years

feeling
in
no

such

ancients

of

geography,

the

nor

endeavor

castle

as

thirteen-inch
into

"

Stearns.

Present

New

To

guns.

the

old

words

Day

Theology,"

York,

1893.

of

knowledge

against
read

than

mediaeval

up

is

the

be

successful

protection

be

maps

modern

patch

to

would

more

help

can

grotesque

suit

to

the

engaged

are

labors

than

the

of

in

cannot

past

Their

alter

to

attempts

little
makes

intellect

theologians

acceptable

is

conception

human

work.

more

the

the

to-day.

very
who

right

immediately

that

goes

make

attempt

an

student

to

of

futile

it

remodi-

of

mind

such

goes,

ests
inter-

should

as

the

to

well

any

such

creeds

revision

in the

was

restatement,

of

for

movement

Presbyterian

1 1

new

modern
ings
mean-

unsatisfactory.
by

Lewis

French

doctrinal

old

The

here

and

the

Master

an

old

robe

the

hardly

more

the

destroys
What

is
of

back

faith

into

of

the

confining
body

that

no

modelling

to

make

for

the

is

needed

scanty

faith

of

is

and

its

function,

may

be

placed

the

to

theology,

that

is

on

of

old

the

formulas

of
that

order

be

theology,
the

to

the

theology
able
unassailis

tion
its rela-

religious

primary
it

theology

What

science.
of

What

philosophical

and

it shall

which

in

day.

grounds

and

What

life

present

function

rigid

no

ill-fittinggarment

and

where

science

cramping

no

forms,

patching

in

and

willing instrument,

recognized

proper

is

old

its

the

makes

it

expanding

the

of

examination

as

the

thorough

putting

age.

then,

and

of

serviceable,
of

was

once

which

garment;

dignity
needed,

phrases

process

that

described,
on

and

the

like

is

did
splen-

are

words

change

there

patch

new

statements

To

wholes.

SIGHT

AND

FAITH

12

basis

ultimately

stinct?
in-

of

rests?

questions

These

What

problem,

It

is

in

investigation
a

little

that

the

of

the

of

light
these

fore
be-

answered

practical

great

theology

must

faith

the

be

must

solve

can

we

matters

CONDITIONS

THEOLOGICAL

PRESENT

be

to

press
ex-

to-day?
of

hope
such

questions

upon

essays

the

stimulating
and

fundamental

these

are

written.

ing
throw-

II

PHENOMENON

THE

OF

AGNOSTICISM

When

considers

one

sympathetically
he

to-day,
the

are

prevalence
who

many

creed

to

admit,

of

his

attention

arrested

by

of

agnosticism.
it

and

old

in

not

few

who,

perhaps
to

that

Even

held

were

to

as

who

largely
this

of

church

the

with

confidently
self-evident

say,

or

reluctantly

they

do

not

know.

other

to

touch

dealing

most

profess

regard

in

ing
hold-

beliefs,

indeed

some

cient
all-suffi-

while

who,

the

yield

There

their

as

more

agnostic

temper.

content

thought

of

unsuspected

fathers,

religious

avow

some

doctrines;

which

or

many

themselves

are

carefully

the

finds

all

at

vailing
pre-

there

doctrines

by
truths,
forced
The

their

are

to

ten-

the

day

Agnosticism

has

of

dency

AGNOSTICISM

OF

PHENOMENON

THE

is

all

distrust

to

pure

dogma.

of

unbeliever

the

that
his

there

that

insisting

there

Yet

just
times

when

down
feel

and
A

thoughtful

such

name

the

than

in

pride
man

now.

the

more

atheist,
The

pronounced.

spirit could

Bysshe
in

is

the

would

This

as

the

and

church

agnostic

great

fixed

agnostic,

there

less

more

gulf

that

is

is

dogmatic

great

the

Percy
a

this

be

he

because

time
It

taken

no

avows

same

knows.

and

it may

the

in

danger

is

between

was

atheist.

the

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SIGHT

AND

FAITH

32

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FAITH

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AND

FAITH

38
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FAITH

42

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44

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62

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63

HISTORICALLY

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64

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65

HISTORICALLY

TYPES

TWO

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66

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76

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124

our

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THEOLOGIANS

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Chronicler,

126

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128

FAITH

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Tennyson

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THEOLOGIANS

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FAITH

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THEOLOGIANS

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136

FAITH

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THEOLOGIANS

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full-fronts

the

the

in

stone,

God

and

me,

the

in

flesh,

soul

clod.

the

thus

blank,

imagined,

star, in

the

at

less,

no

the

how

purblind,

Care

eyes,

my

shrivels

it

faculty highest,

any

open

how

Infinite

the

to

39

bare.

laid

forethought

TO-DAY

confounded

knowledge

Wisdom
Have

OF

and

within

looking

around

me,

ever

renew

that

(With

it

upraises
The

in

which

bending

too)
of Man's

submission

soul

the

of

stoop

nothing-perfect

to

God's

all-complete.
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each

by

obeisance

new

in

spirit,I

climb

to

his

feet.
Yet

all this

with

abounding

experience,

this

deity

known,
I shall

dare

of

Do

province,

some

some

gift

own.

my

love

find

discover

to

full

so

in

my

nature,

God's

mate
ulti-

gift.
That

doubt

Here,

His

the

own

parts

love
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compete

with

it ?

FAITH

T40

the

Here,

creature

And

Who

at

the

first, but

it

fifth

who

one

Divine

had

revealed
show

that

interpret
under

human

God

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sees

tells

and

kicking
to

and

is

flesh,

impossible
any

conceptions

other
and

this

comes

him

that

insulting

say

Ferishtah

man.

The

brings

friend

human

in

reconciling

"

Fancies

him

it

power

needs.

man

presumed

as

the

and

points

is man's

believer.

sage,

taken

him,

proofs

as

proof

Mohammedan

saw

he

needed

is what

the

he

man

was

to

Ferishtah,

the

all

phism,
spiritual anthropomor-

Ferishtah's

"

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meeting
the

help

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recognizes

that

clearly.

out

to

of

do

"

were

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and

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in

in

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yearning,

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can

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nature.

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miracles

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how

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Death

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impotent

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surpass

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AND

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and

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THEOLOGIANS

TRUE

that

and
of

Him.

that

takes

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worshipping,
above

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being

unless
?

me

who

man

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in

moment

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by

less

"

my

man,

Hke

say

I in

mind,

like

else,

how

"

mine,

necessity.
the

which

next

rich

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is

that

of
flesh"

"his

"

of

himself
!

unconceived

God,
that

and
he

"

teaching
he

nature

own

same,

"

Christian

the

his

all the

comprises,

conception

remaining

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Godhead,

have

object

man

every-day

Man's

is

sure

inconceivable

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it

and

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Confesses

affirms

dear

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thanks,

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Man,

worship

the

for

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hfe's

....

humanity

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slow

worship.

my

of

cause

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giver

prime

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interpretation
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by just progression
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TO-DAY

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need

we

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and

joy

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yet

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confidently
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seeks

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the

AND

FAITH

142

flesh, that

my

Godhead

the

In

it shall
A

like

to

be

other,

it

I find

the

Christ

mind

stand

the

chapel
of

breaks
his

the

away

satisfying

reconciles

the

and

faith.

heart.

In

laid

hold

with

it

Finding

on

with

himself

in

anthropomorphic

crudest

is

type

wild,

thoughtful

any

this

craving

where

which

in

grappled

ignorant,

by

thee

to

than

more

Browning

strength.

preached,
scorn

Man

Brovi^ning's

way

the

and

stupendous

theology

"

for,

out

and

problem

little

life

new

Robert

of

Eve,"

"Christmas

Saul,

forever

by,

of

gates

poem

brings

loved

spiritual anthropomorphism

this

it.

thee

receives

be

mentioned,

agnostic

for!

hand

this

open

more

must

that

and

love

the

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cry

me,

throw
See

and

I seek

face

like

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I seek

my

shalt

Thou

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strength,

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like

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in

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"'Tis

SIGHT

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minds,

finds

under

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needs

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at

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no

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TRUE

THEOLOGIANS

give

to

shape

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Master's
three

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I in

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that
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each

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way

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the

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take

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let

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contrive

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to

taught

it knows.
"

or

From

he

the

sees

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has

he

thought.

in

them."

anthropomorphism

well

St.
of

Where

"

of

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as

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together

gathered

appears,

lecture-room

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critic.

mere

church

the

43

satisfies

Christ

the

to

to

promise

the

religion:

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first

then

Peter's, and

Unknowable

the

the

takes

his

to

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TO-DAY

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fact
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For

I,

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God,

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he

to

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single

back

bring

"

track."

phism
anthropomor-

agnosticism
as

endeavor

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anthropomorphism

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remain

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wanderers

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subsisteth

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doth,

"

brutes
must

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it, fail

linked

am

should

but

share

To

men

with

brute

That

with

man,

not

SIGHT

AND

FAITH

144

the

to

spiritual

only satisfactory

theology.
A
would
with
far

fully

We

with
same

to

turn

day

as

of
was

that

"

Eve

grapple

to

thought

present-day

study

of

prophet

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would

philosophy.
other
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clearness

path

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the

find

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harmony

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systems

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"

student

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prepare
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of

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pointing

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positiveness,

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the

Alfred

faith.
with

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us,

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TRUE

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not

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on

his

touch

poems

the

thraldom

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need

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agnostic
of

spiritual reality,and
the

between
facts

of

science
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that

show

faith

through

10

that

chief

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faith; yet

the

problems
feels

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which

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is

to

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faith

the

and

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religious

science,

thought

own

if life

finds

of
have

we

subjects

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heart

course

as

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spiritual

and

deepest

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science

are

poet's

knowledge

theology,

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human

source

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of

should

heart

mind

Memoriam,"

In

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concern

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else

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poems,

mirror,

nature,

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religion

mind

even

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loyal
be

His

of

been,

conclusions

the

interpretation

the

life.

to

and

not

of

prophet

145

religious by

seer,

could

TO-DAY

have

men

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clear-eyed

age,

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as

poets.

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THEOLOGIANS

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is, through

146

FAITH

SIGHT

AND

Cry

"

but

poetry,
heart

of

"

be

not

may

it

the

form

in

the

sounds

The

"

Spiritual anthropomorphism.

Human
of

height

the

depths

of

Halleluiah

to-day.

man

Hallowed

be

Thy

Infinite

name

Ideality

Unmeasurable
Infinite

Hallowed

"

Reality!
!

Personality
be

Thy

name

Halleluiah

"

II.

"

We

feel

we

Thee
We

feel

we

are

something

Thee

be

that

the

its

following

Thy

the

has
all

and

Thou

in

that

"

also

has

come

Thou

But

"

Thou

wilt

help

us

be.

Hallowed

and

"

nothing,

are

to

He

nothing

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We

all is

for

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way

name

fullest

truths
of
truth.

and

"

Halleluiah

for

sympathy

Evolution

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is

science
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teachings.

progress

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to

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TRUE

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lines,

"

By

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his

that

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sees

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finds

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"

Power

That

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of

the

speaking
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nature,

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to

faith.

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ghastliest doubt;
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darkness

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Our

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show

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sees

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THEOLOGIANS

we

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section, where,
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insight
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"

which

science

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148

And

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the

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show

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I

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to

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thine

bring

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trust

he

does

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up

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dust

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of

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weight

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lame

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slope through

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firmly trod,

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SIGHT

AND

FAITH

appeal

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to

me

death

breath,

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mean

more."

no

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"

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hope

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"

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have

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his

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in

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to

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power

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Arthur

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Idyls

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I50

truth,

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True,

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for

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of

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logian
theo-

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of

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whom

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mind

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read
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and

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us,

bar."

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imperfection

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the

and

Tennyson

man.

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deepest

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crossed

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FAITH

152

places,
life

of

and

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to

who

man

loyal

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can

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a

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with

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as

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through

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man.

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nature

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FAITH

154

"

And

the

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ear

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the

Into

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Thou

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thou

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world

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not

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cling

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be

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Nor

ever

if thou

thou

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thou

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prove

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hardly

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of

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wilt

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learn

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proof

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"

the

spiritual anthropomorphism,

is the
be

and

hear,

see

it not

Were

The

see

could

we

SIGHT

cannot

man

cannot

man

But

AND

proving

can

beyond

thou

be

side
the

of

my

movest

son.

in.

proven,

be

thou

wherefore
sunnier

wise,

doubt.

forms

of

Faith."

TRUE

It

is

THEOLOGIANS

in

prophet

the

sees

and

mightier
Set

the

the

the

"Sent

Boundless

in

Follow

is

In

ward,
out-

Whole.

that

lights

desert

way,
path-

mine.

or

the

see

few

highest

Human

just quoted

verses

agnosticism,

Through

great

boundless

atom,

Nature

divine."

these

riam,"

soul.
the

Star

till you

Forward,

boundless,

the

Himself,

in

the

yours

Heavens

eye,

human

the

you

be

to

us

boundless

the

of

inward,

meant

by,

human

the

to

are

we

us,

all

shadow

through

"

and
of

sphere

within

made

by

true

love.

and

which

this

the

God,

whom

God

serve

That

"Only

of

155

that

nature

image

of

representation

worship

his

and

man

TO-DAY

OF

the

prophecy,

their

and

Prologue

ripest thought
rings

are

"

to

and
a

ation.
reconcili-

In

feeling
note

tianity,
Chris-

of

Memoof

the

trium-

156

FAITH

faith

phant

Christianity

in

it is

because

religion,

SIGHT

AND

highest

in

God

take

must

of

be

to

science

at

could

path

loyal
of

needs

of

terms

words

the

once

the

and

in

No

man.

indicate

clearly

more

true

spiritual anthropomorphism,

representing
the

the

as

religion
the

to

man's

truths

religious

nature.

of

Son

"Strong
Whom

"

"

Thou

"

The

highest,

Our

wills

are

wills

are

Our

little

systems

We

They

have

They

are

have
For
And

thou,

beam

but

holiest

faith

art

knowledge
yet
in

we

darkness

and

it

trust

things
comes

let it grow.

be

to

cease

cannot

is of

of

than

more

we

thine.

day

lights

how;

not

them

their

day

know

we

broken

Lord,

thou

manhood,

have
their

divine,

make

to

ours,

thy face,

seen

prove

and

ours,

but

not

alone, embrace.

human

seemest

Love,

cannot

we

Our

And

faith

where

Believing

have

that

we,

faith, and

By

immortal

God,

thee.

they.
know
we

from

;
see

thee,

TRUE

knowledge

Let

"

THEOLOGIANS

But

"

of

mind

That

May

make

But

vaster.

help thy

which

gives,
but

from

It is part

"

That

The

"

dearest

He,

They,

Him

I found
Or

faith;

petty

thro'

darkness

not

the

cobwebs

of

have

guess

we

or

;
;

sun,

insect's

questions
we

without

within,

whom

or

which

ghastliest doubt;

world

in

science.
of

bless

to

our

All

One,

nature

own

stanza

eye

men

may

spun

the
the

and

"

invoke

eagle's wing,

Nor

The

in

Power

his

first

such

employ,

faith,

quoted,

dare

we

Our

could

by

"

truth

and

and

the

Memoriam

In

''

beauty

already
which

bear

hopelessness

cxxiv.,

have

we

of

man

cruel

the

fear:

thy light."

bear

to

science

afforded

refuge

well,

not

to

ones

prophet

of

relation

foolish

with

slight;

do

we

section

one

and

when

worlds

vain

is

none

fools

thee

But

dwell

us

57

before,

as

are

mock

There

as

music

We

thy

in

more,

soul, according

and

one

to

more

reverence

We

Help

from

grow

more

TO-DAY

OF

try,

158
"

FAITH

If

faith

when

e'er

I heard
And

"

heard

warmth

like

"

No,

and

up

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that

Then

"

blind
I

was

knows

And

what

am

And

who
in

seen

thro'

reach

no

wise

cries,

near

understands

man

nature

highest

is the

me

that

hands
men."

moulding

the

came

found

be

own

our

fear

again

nature,

cannot

heart

made

darkness

of

out

part,

felt.'

father

beheld

melt

the

and

child

his

would

I have

'

as

deep

wrath

clamor

is, and

What

shore

colder

doubt

in

crying,

God,

in

answer'd

But,

That

reason's

man

child

like

more

no

breast

the

within

And

believe

Godless

the

freezing

asleep,

ever-breaking

in

The

Stood

'

an

fall'n

had

voice

tumbled

That

SIGHT

AND

by searching,
our

love,

image

of

our

is

sonality,
per-

His

nite
Infi-

Nature.
Where
torn

claims

of

thoughtful

can

the

and

confused

science

and

between

of

mind
the

faith, knowing

day,
to-

rival
that

TRUE

THEOLOGIANS

loyalty

fact

to

to

that

rest

of

thing
some-

close

of

find

its

est
deep-

this

great

voicing

so

59

man,

needs

confidence,

the

as

duty

soul

with

on

yearning,

first

the

helpful,

so

prayer

the

is

conscious

yet

TO-DAY

OF

prophecy?

"

will

living

all

When
in

Rise

Flow

shall

that
that

the

through

endure
shall

seems

suffer

shock,

spiritual rock,
deeds

our

and

make

them

pure,

"

That

we

voice

A
To

"

that

faith

With

Until
And

all

Such

are

show

His
The

that

we

the

years

and

trust

of

with

leaders

church
Christian

self-control,

never

from,

the

hears,

conquer'd

comes

close

dust

that

works,

us

that

flow

we

Him

the

with

truths

The

faith.

above

of

out

unto

as

cry

one

lift from

may

can

all

soul

we

in

God

way

thinker

be

proved

loved.
soul."

has
of

sent

truth
who

to

and
walks

l6o

in

FAITH

that

he

Hght,

in

is

for

Him

he

to

show

they

taught

been

by

path

the

the

is

our

him

following

leads

men

and

guides.

be

may

that

way

Christ,

of

be

SIGHT

AND

have

sure

to

who

been

the

have

sent

XI

OBLIGATIONS

MUTUAL

OF

TYPES

TWO

If

the

been

be

of

here

the

be

which

use

of

absolute

with

which

all

for

definition

terms

to

truth

of

tried

"

define

the

being

that

tion
posi-

show,

in

God

mind

any

greater

not
can-

with

defi-

eternal

and

proceed,"

too

and

"

righteousness
is

the

human

things

that

definite,

undefinable
God

it

able
unassail-

an

Infinite

all,

briefest

to

that

states

the

the

as

makes

this

even

he

by

than

from

energy

when

certainty,

niteness

the

holds

agnostic

known

absolute

at

only

have

the

position

clearness

make

has

essays

consequences

taken.

that

foregoing
any

to

necessary

statement

short,

the

with

expressed

will

''

of

thought

THE

is

is

unknow-

the

62

FAITH

to

show

holds
he

these

But

able.

the

termed

faith

of

worthy

of

this

From

which

forces,
the

we

honest

together

the

distrust

each

which

at

of

conditions
between

parties

in

and

the

the

least

certain

both

might
long

first at

some

of

the

if

during
be

cussed,
dis-

contending
science

religion."
Look

who

make,

truce

nearer

sides

would

of

"warfare

sequences,
con-

apprehended

peace
two

agnostic's

bring

of

men

other,
yet

peace,

flow

undoubtedly

would

reality.

conflicting

the

they

were

and

possible

best

two

there

theologian's,

used,

the

call

may

which,

scientific,

the

of

view

be

spiritual

inexpressible

an

live

may

that

vahd,

being

respect,

interpretation

which

and

is

anthropomorphism

not

when

exercise

that

instinct

religious

loosely

and

believer

cannot

race

without

progress

the

and

Christian

human

the

that

make

of

that

attempted

position equally impregnable

states

and

have

essays

well

as

SIGHT

AND

consequences

and

MUTUALITY

OF

the

to

here
the

truth,

of

which
and

shall
is

where
is

needed
This

is

sphere
human

of

scientific

hold
should

clearly
vahd.

not

to

as

we

basis
a

not

other

into

her

sole

defined

that

indicated

of

theology.

dogmatize

ity
real-

ception
con-

work,

conception

and

put

her

phenomena,

no

have

consequence

that,

the

of

right,

conception

there

in which

are

of

make

that

hold

knowledge

reasoning

defiance

where

and

the

that

sovereignty

more

claims

all

itself

sphere

claim

cannot

thrust

thority
au-

not

character

insist

the

faith, and

must

behind

and

rightly

may

there

the

of

way

recognize

to

and

may
of

is in

with

science;

science
estimate

own

of

it

upon

authority
while

domain

of

way

respect

63

him

upon

the

to

the

in

indicated

the

intrude

lies

sees

obligation

of
to

he

all, if

harmony

TYPES

TWO

There

agnostic.
of

most

THE

is

the

aside

or

any

laws

of

set

at

plainly

the

All

that

is that

the

agnostic

the

sphere

in

of

we

reli-

64

FAITH

AND

gion by attempting

that

further

Much

and

too

to

the

at

he

is reduced

Hfe

all

to

interpret

God

material

existence,
and

or

to

interpret
existence,

dangers,

legitimate

doubt,

no

one

in

God

to

take.

his

three

courses,

undefined,

of

of

Matthew

known
to

grown
out-

theology;

known

which
which

man's

of

out

of

types
terms

fact,

of

terms

course

but

his

that

retrogression

pernicious

entist
sci-

for

matter

of

in

ral
natu-

phic,
anthropomor-

is

religion

has

agnostic

absolutely

cuts

which

course

to

seeing

rigid

one

There

theologian

choice

been

this

due
the

God
a

God

leave

to

"

as

to

disappear

not

of

that,

and

would

it.

for

perhaps,

definition

has

upon

anthropomorphism,
own

which

tendency,

sneer

it is evident

acknowledge

act

great

rebound,

time

but

agnostic

obligation
been

this

tific
scien-

is needed.

friction

to

up

the

did

the

the

it to

when

God,

definition

of

produced

limit

to

of

conception

SIGHT

is

itual
spirhas

the

its

only

Arnold's

MUTUALITY

OF

for

contempt
God

of

is

those
*'

his

all, and

that

spirit,

the

in

it must

if

must,

and

the

he

would

he

of

be

he

it the

any

valid

hold

must

force

is

in

human

that

God

further

in

their

either

knowledge
ac-

this

in

is

its

human

tation
represen-

denial
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progress

of

agnostic

any

denial

rehgion;

the

as

best

ideal

an

that

of

theology

to

as

human

within

logical,

possible,

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and

vigorous

allow

at

conception

are

be

once

human

long

ideal

most

deny

must

God

with
can

their

spirit, they

representation

of

So

is

simply

image

an

idealized

into

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of

terms

find

or

this, and

spirit,or

is

interpreted

true.

bring

human

rights;

and

that

only

the

ideal

right

theologians
God

unworthy;

and

in

to

Lord

God

be

be

tendency
every

is

spirit

and

of

must

of

extended

superficial

God

65

conception

anthropomorphism;
that

granted

TYPES

whose

definition

own

spiritual

God

is

TWO

infinitely

an

Shaftesbury"
for

THE

rying
car-

there
case

greatest
delusion.

66

FAITH

has

religion

That
in

human

by

any:

does

function

society

that

fact

SIGHT

AND

be

cannot

this

not

discharge

to

questioned
with

carry

God

of

interpretation

some

the

it

is

necessary?
this

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further

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agnostic

of

the

necessity

of

subjective

defined
is

say.
so;

lies
of

allow

to

go

on

his

way,

saying,

to

do

with

do
who

myself

played

history.

as

part

to

to

It

of

mighty

so

scientist
life.

speculate

may

of

has
It

facts.

and

for, in

which

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upon

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of

progress
the

years

ignored
rests

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nature

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late

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there

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nature

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me

let

in

have

Neither

of

ologian
the-

the

with

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student

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of

necessity
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way,

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cross.

want

him,
the

you,

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confine

man,

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type

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validity

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theology,

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and

theology,

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on

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as

not

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obligation

nostic
ag-

rehgious
him

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MUTUALITY

duty

OF

the

admit

to

is

rehgion
human

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the

is

to

bound

that

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of

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must

have

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inexpressible,
hypothesis,

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of

him

of

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a

must

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admit

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demand

faith

to

man's

anthropomorphism

in

should

that

religion

short,

In

67

forces

something

respect.

pay

that,

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theologian

sovereigns
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in

fact

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and

progress,
have

TYPES

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nature,

man

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spirit.
the

But
or

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of

position

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flowing

from

resting

the

not

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alter

and

interests

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is

agnostic

truth

then
it to
upon

his

there

are

the
him

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harmony.
essays

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in

course,

these

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revise

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and

in

only sinner,

has

the
in

it

consequences

theologian, obligations
to

which

he

must

68

FAITH

with

submit

AND

good

SIGHT

demands

truth.

of

An

obhgation

the

intrude

not

with

her

on

How

much

of

religion

and

science

has

been

have

due

theology

scientific

things

has

known,

fought
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sphere

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the

and

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authority
of

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speculation,

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modify
As

of

field

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has

of
terly
bit-

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in

supreme

could

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ages

science

who,
is

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by

between

to

expanded

men

of

theologians
of

dogmas

advance

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by

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fact

conclusions

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have

ology,
the-

God.
strife

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science,

sphere

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insist

shall

science

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sovereignty

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corre-

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conclusions
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MUTUALITY

not,

OF

that

see

the

foot

scientist.

in

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to

the

need

of

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of

to

be

of

Genesis,
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tendency

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positions
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theology

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science.

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her

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all

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tific
scien-

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theology

own

The

God.

conflict

for

said

was

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subjective

defeat,
in

to

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of

years

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strong

defence

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the

sphere,

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because
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of

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69

science.

ready

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assert

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of

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territory passed
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met

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the

I/O

FAITH

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domain

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borders

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which

at

walk

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fish

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and

lives

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that
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life
alone

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of
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But

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water,

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