10.

1
ln Psat = A-B/(t+C)
C6H6
A
B
C
a) bubble pressure calc
x
1
2

C6H5CH3
13.7819
2726.81
217.572

13.932
3056.96
217.625
T=
Psat (kPa)

0.33
0.67

100
xiPisat

180.5
74.3

59.5
49.8

P=sumxiPisat

b) dew pressure calc

1
2

Pisat
0.33
0.67

100
yi/Pisat

180.5
74.3

0.0
0.0
92.2

P=1/sum(yi/Pisat)
c)Bubble T calc
P=

120
x
1
0.33
2
0.67
Tnew =x1T1sat+x2T2sat=

New T with P2sat from above

t = B/(A-lnP2sat)C

kPa
Tisat (assume Pisat=P)
85.6
116.7
106.4

C
xi=yiP/Pisat
0.17
0.83

Pisat at Tnew
213.9
89.8
ln alpha
alpha

P2sat=P/(x1*alpha+x2)
0.8674
2.38

82.44

P2sat=P/(x1*alpha+x2)

82.03

Pisat at t
103.5

ln alpha = lnP1sat-lnP2sat =
alpha = exp(alpha) =
now cal y

0.54
0.46

109.3

T=
y

C
y=xiPisat/P

yi=xi Pisat/P
0.54
0.46

198.1
82.4
0.8766
2.40

d) dew T calc

Tisat

Pisat at Tnew

0.33

85.6

213.9

0.67

116.7
106.4

89.8

New T with P1sat from above

t=B1/(A1-lnP1sat) C

ln alpha
alpha

109.4

231.0
97.9

P1sat = P(y1+alpha*y2)

229.2

0.8581
2.36

Pisat at t
229.2
97.1

109.1

P1sat = P(y1+alpha*y2)

ln alpha = lnP1satlnP2sat =
alpha = exp(alpha) =
now calc x

231.0
0.8674
2.38

Pisat at t

ln alpha = lnP1satlnP2sat =
alpha = exp(alpha) =
New T with P1sat from above
t=B1/(A1-lnP1sat)
-C

P1sat =
P(y1+alpha*y2)

229.4

0.8590
2.36

x=yP/Pisat
1
2

0.17
0.83

105
e) at T=105 and P=120 we are in two phsae region
Pisat
x guess
1
206.1
2
86.2
sum(xi*Pisat)=P

xiPisat
0.5
0.5

x guess
103.1
43.1
146.2

xiPisat
0.28
0.72

58.1
61.9
120.0

y=xiPisat/P
0.48
0.52

f) z1=0.33 flash calculation

z
1
2

xi
0.33
0.67

yi
0.28
0.72

Ki = yi/xi
0.48
0.52

1.70
0.72

V=(zixi)/(yi-xi)
0.24

L=1-V
0.76

g) Benzene and toluene are both non-polar and similar in shape and size. Therefore one would expect little chemical interaction
between the components. The temperature is high enough and pressure low enough to expect ideal behavior.
10.3
a) t=55C and P=1/2(P1sat+P2sat)
A
1
13.7667
2
13.8622

C
2451.88
2910.26

Pisat kPa
232.014
216.432

185.67
23.11
104.39

P
know Sum(xiPisat)=P so iterate on x1
x1 guess

xiPisat
0.4
0.6

74.27
13.87
88.14
92.84
11.56
104.39

sum
x1 guess

0.5
0.5
sum

so y=xiPisat/P

y
1
2

z and V?
zi=(1-V)xi+yiV

0.89
0.11
V

z1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1

z2
0.54
0.58
0.62
0.66
0.69
0.73
0.77
0.81
0.85
0.89

b) t=55 z1=0.5
Pisat kPa
1

zi
185.67

0.5

0.46
0.42
0.38
0.34
0.31
0.27
0.23
0.19
0.15
0.11

2
23.11
set x1 and vary V until P(calc A)=P(cal B)
V

x1
0.12
0.23
0.64
0.8

0.5

y1 = (z1-x1+x1V)/V
0.45
0.40
0.20
0.15

P = xiPisat/P (calc A)
0.87
0.83
0.67
0.59

96.41
88.97
55.53
47.41

= sum(xiPisat) calc B
96.26
88.14
55.62
47.50

10.60
(a) Because benzene and toluene are chemically similar and the pressure is only 1(atm), this system
can be modeled by Raoults law to a good approximation.
(b) Although n-hexane and n-heptane are chemically similar, a pressure of 25 bar is too high for
modeling this system by Raoults law.
(c) At 200 K, hydrogen is supercritical, and modeling the hydrogen/propane system at this temperature
by Raoults law is out of the question, because no value of P sat for hydrogen is known.
(d) Because isooctane and n-octane are chemically similar and at a temperature (373.15 K) close to
their normal boiling points, this system can be modeled by Raoults law to a good approximation.
(e) Water and n-decane are much too dissimilar to be modeled by Raoults law, and are in fact only
slightly soluble in one another at 300 K.

10.7 a) x1=0.35, y1=0.7

x2=0.65 y2=0.3
iterate on T until P calc A=P calc B
x
y
1
0.35
2
0.65

P by calc A =
x1P1sat/Y1

Pisat
134
134

414.0
95.5
P by calc A =
x1P1sat/Y1

T
100
110
130
134

A
0.7
0.3

90.2
117.3
189.3
207.0

B
13.7819
13.9726

P calc B = sum(xiPisat)
207.0

P calc B = sum(xiPisat)
85.4
112.9
188.1
207.0

207.0

C
2726.81
3259.93

217.572
212.3

10.15
Because Henrys constant for helium is very high, very little of this gas dissolves in the blood streams
of divers at approximately atmospheric pressure.
10.17
a) T=343 x1=0.05
Pisat
1
2

x
79.8
40.5

activity
0.05
0.95

xiPisatactivityi
2.466
1.003

y
9.8
38.6
48.4

0.20
0.80

b) y1=0.05
Pisat
1
2

y
79.8
40.5

act
0.05
0.95

yi/actiPisat
1
1.00
P=1/sum =

new act

yi/actiPisat
2.52
1.03
P=1/sum =

new act

12 = 1 = 1P1sat/2P2sat
1az / 1az = P2sat/P1sat
0.51

0.03
0.97

xi
0.00
0.02
43.23

yi/actiPisat
2.56
1.01
P=1/sum =

c) T=343, Paz, zaz

at azeo relative volatility = 1 = (y1/x1)/y2/x2)
limx1-->0 = P1sat exp(A)/P2sat
limx1-->1 = P1sat /exp(A)*P2sat
is there an azeo?
x1-->0
5.09
x1-->1
0.76
lies between 1 therefore is an azeo

xi
0.00
0.02
41.5

0.01
0.99

xi
0.00
0.02
42.62

0.01
0.99

ln 1az / ln1az = Ax22 - Ax12 x2=1-x1

0.86 x1=y1
P=

81.37

kPa

10.25
a) BUBL P
Component
methane
ethylene
ethane
b) DEW P
Component
methane
ethylene
ethane

c) BUBL T
Component
methane
ethylene
ethane

d) DEW T
Component
methane
ethylene
ethane

T=-60 F (-51.11 C)
P=200 psia
xi
0.100
0.500
0.400
T=-60 F (-51.11 C)
P=190 psia
yi
0.500
0.250
0.250
SUM = 0.971
P=250 psia (17.24
bar)
T=-50 F
xi
0.120
0.400
0.480
P=250 psia (17.24
bar)
T=-40 F
yi
0.430
0.360
0.210
SUM =
327

P=250 psia
Ki
5.600
0.700
0.445
SUM =

P=215 psia (14.824 bar)

yi=Ki*xi
0.560
0.350
0.178
1.088

ANSWER
Ki
4.600
0.575
0.380
SUM =

yi=Ki*xi
0.460
0.288
0.152
0.900

P=200 psia (13.79 bar)

Ki
5.900
0.730
0.460
SUM = 1.008

ANSWER
xi=yi/Ki
0.085
0.342
0.543
close enough

Ki
5.600
0.700
0.445

xi=yi/Ki
0.089
0.357
0.562

T=-60 F
Ki
4.900
0.680
0.450
SUM =

T=-57 F (-49.44 C)
yi=Ki*xi
0.588
0.272
0.216
1.076

ANSWER
Ki
4.600
0.570
0.380
SUM =

T = -50 F
Ki
5.200
0.800
0.520

T = -45 F (-27.33 C)
xi=yi/Ki
0.083
0.450
0.404

0.937

SUM =

Ki
5.150
0.650
0.420
SUM =

yi=Ki*xi
0.515
0.325
0.168
1.008

yi=Ki*xi
0.552
0.228
0.182
0.962

Ki
4.700
0.615
0.405
SUM =

yi=Ki*xi
0.564
0.246
0.194
1.004

ANSWER
Ki
4.900
0.680
0.450

xi=yi/Ki
0.088
0.529
0.467

Ki
5.050
0.740
0.485

1.084

SUM =

1.005

xi=yi/Ki
0.085
0.486
0.433
close
enough

0.85
P=250 psia
T

10.27

1723.2
26.7

assume RL
z
1
2
3
4

K (from charts)
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.2

10.35
Molality Mi = ni ms = xi xs Ms
where s is solvent and Ms is the molar mass of the solvent.
Now
xi / (xs Ms) = ki yi P or xi [ 1/(xs Ms ki ] = yi P
Comparison with Eq. (10.4) shows that
Hi = 1/[xs Ms ki] or for xi 0 Hi =1/[ Ms ki ]
For water, Ms = 18.015 g mol1 or 0.018015 kg mol1 .
So Hi = 1/ (0.018015)(0.034) = 1633 bar
This is in comparison with the value of 1670 bar in Table 10.1.

10
2.075
0.68
0.21

kPa
C
iterate on V until below sums
to 1
ziKi/[1+V(Ki-1)]
0.61
0.11
0.18
0.11
1.02

first guess V

0.8

2nd guess
y for V=0.85

0.85
xi
0.58
0.11
0.19
0.13
1.00

0.06
0.05
0.27
0.61
1.00