BOOKS

S.J. BERNAS, THE 1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES: A COMMENTARY, 139-140
(2009).
C.A. AZUCENA, JR., THE LABOR CODE WITH COMMENTS AND CASES, 8TH EDITION (2013)
COSTA, DORA, THE EVOLUTION OF RETIREMENT, AN AMERICAN ECONOMIC HISTORY 1880-1990, (1998).

LAWS, CODES AND REPUBLIC ACTS

Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1987 Constitution
New Civil Code
Revised Omnibus Rules on Appointments and Other Personnel Actions
P.D. No. 442 Labor Code, as amended
RA 1616
RA No. 4917: An Act Providing That Retirement Benefits Of Employees Of Private Firms Shall Not Be Subject To
Attachment, Levy, Execution, Or Any Tax Whatsoever (June 17, 1967).
RA No. 7641: An Act Amending Article 287 Of Presidential Decree No. 442, As Amended, Otherwise Known As The Labor
Code Of The Philippines, By Providing For Retirement Pay To Qualified Private Sector Employees In The Absence Of
Any Retirement Plan In The Establishment (December 9, 1992).
R.A. No. 6975
RA 8291
PHILIPPINE JURISPRUDENCE
Reblora v. AFP, G.R. No. 195842 (June 18, 2013).
Rivera v. Solidbank Corporation, 521 Phil. 628, 651 (2006).
Beltran v. Secretary of Health, G.R. No. 133640 (November 25, 2005)
Magdadaro v. Philippine National Bank, G.R. No. 166198, 593 SCRA 195, 199 (July 17, 2009).
JMM Promotion And Management, Inc vs. CA,G.R. No. 120095 (August 5, 1996)
UP Board of Regents and Cristino Jamias v. Auditor General and the GSIS, G.R. No. L-19617 (October 31, 1969).
Cercado v. UNIPROM, G.R. No. 188154 (October 13, 2010).
Amelia R. Obusan v. Philippine National Bank, G.R. No. 181178 (July 26, 2010).
CSC v. Javier, G.R. No. 173264 (February 22, 2008).
Civil Service Commission v. Salas, G.R. No. 123708, 274 SCRA 414 (June 19, 1997).
De los Santos v. Mallare, 87 Phil. 289 (1950).
Ingles v. Mutuc, 135 Phil. 177 (1968).
Flight Attendants and Stewards Association of the Philippines v. PAL, G.R. No. 172013 (October 2, 2009).
Jaculbe v. Silliman, G.R. No. 156934 (March 16, 2007).
Philippine Association of Service Exporters, Inc. v. Drilon, 163 SCRA 386.

Edu v. Ericta, 35 SCRA 481, 487.

The People Of The Philippine Islands vs. Julio Pomar, G.R. No. L-22008 (November 3, 1924).
Ferrer v. City of Quezon, G.R. No. 210551 (June 30, 2015).
Philippine Telegraph and Telephone Company v. NLRC, G.R. No. 118978, 272 SCRA 596, 613 (May 23, 1997).
Duncan Association of Detailman-PTGWTO v. Glaxo Wellcome Philippines, G.R. No. 162994 (September 17, 2004).
Yrasuegui v. Philippine Airlines, G.R. No. 168081 (October 17, 2008).
Western Air Lines v. Criswell, 472 US 400 (1985).
Star Paper Corporation v. Simbol, G.R. No. 164774 (April 12, 2006)
Farias v. The Executive Secretary, 463 Phil. 179, 197 (2003).
Salas v. Hon. Jarencio, 150-B Phil. 670, 690 SCRA 424 (1972).
White Light Corporation v. City of Manila, G.R. No. 122846, 576 SCRA 416, 437 (January 20, 2009).
Ichong v. Hernandez, G.R. No. L-7995 (May 31, 1957).
Tui vs CA, G.R. No. 127410 (January 20, 1999).
Lopez v. Director of Lands, 47 Phil. 23, 32.
De Guzman v. Comelec, G.R. No. 129118 (July 19, 2000).
Phil-Singapore Transport Services, Inc., v. NLRC, G.R. No. 95449 (August 18, 1997).
New Puerto Commercial v. Lope, G.R. No. 169999, 625 SCRA 422, 423 (July 26,2010).
Banco Espanol v. Palanca, 37 Phil. 921.
G.R. No. 161107 (March 12, 2013).
G.R. No. 167614 (March 24, 2009).
G.R. No. 168081 (October 17, 2008)
G.R. No. 152154 (November 18, 2003).
G.R. No. 111953 (December 12, 1997).
G.R. No. 168081 (October 17, 2008).
G.R. No. 210551 (June 30, 2015).
A.M. No. 13953-Ret. (June 28, 2011).
70 Phil. 726 (1940).

INTERNATIONAL JURISPRUDENCE

29 U.S.C. 631(a).
472 U.S. 409-412.
Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45 (1905).
Massachusetts Board of Retirement v. Murgia, 427 U.S. 307 (1976).
O.J. No. 3246 (2008), appeal allowed in part O.J. No. 5313, C.A. (2009).
CarswellAlta 1021(Alta.Q.B.) (2010).
British Columbia v. British Columbia Government Service Employees' Union, 3 S.C.R. 3, 1999 SCC 48 (1999).

JOURNALS AND ARTICLES

Wall Street Journal (October 13, 1987).

Edward Lazear, Why is there Mandatory Retirement?, the Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 87, No. 6, 1261-1284
(December 1979).

Celia V. Cabadonga, Retirement Under R.A. 7641: Issues and Prospects for Social Dialogue, ILS Discussion Paper Series
(2011).

Melik zden, The Right To Work, Part of a series of the Human Rights Programme of the Europe-Third World Centre
(CETIM).

Richard Johnson, Reuters, Older Unemployed Workers Half as Likely to Get Hired (January 14, 2011).
Kathryn Moore, Raising the Social Security Retirement Ages: Weighing the Costs and Benefits, 33 Ariz. St. L.J. 543, 549-50
(Summer 2001).

Barry W. Kwasniewski, The End of Mandatory Retirement: Legal Implications for Employers, Charity Law Bulletin No.
229 (October 27, 2010).
A Timeline of the Evolution of Retirement in the United States Workplace Flexibility 2010, Georgetown University Law
Center
Naj Ghosheh, Age discrimination and older workers: Theory and legislation in comparative context, International Labor
Office Geneva.
Louise Richardson, AGE Discrimination, Presentation to the UNOEWG on Human Rights for Older People, AGE Platform
Europe (August 22, 2012).

INTERNET SOURCES
People Statistics. Nationmaster. Rapid Intelligence (Retrieved September 15, 2011).

Peter A. Lawrence, Retiring retirement, Commentary available at

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v453/n7195/full/453588a.html

Leslie W. Abramson, Compulsory Retirement, the Constitution and the Murgia Case, 42 Mo. L. Rev. (1977)
The German Precedent" Social Security History, US Social Security Administration available at
http://www.ssa.gov/history/age65.html.
Jose C. Sison, A Law Each Day (Keeps Trouble Away), (November 11, 2002 - 12:00am) available at
http://www.philstar.com/opinion/183494/military-service-and-its-extension-beyond-compulsory-retirement-age.

Trefor Moss, Early Retirement Law Outflanks Philippines Military Chief, The Wall Street Journal available at
http://www.wsj.com/articles/early-retirement-law-outflanks-philippines-military-chief-1406198039.

Yuji Gonzales, Retired female light attendants win gender discrimination suit vs PAL available at
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/697742/retired-female-flight-attendants-win-gender-discrimination-suit-vs-pal.
Merriam-webster Dictionary available at http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ageism.

Philippines Government urged to ban age discrimination in workplace, Philippine Star available at
http://www.agediscrimination.info/News/Pages/ItemPage.aspx?Item=771.
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 available at http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/statutes/adea.cfm.
SOCIAL SECURITY ONLINE, HISTORY, FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS: The Origins of the Retirement Age in
Social Security available at http://www.ssa.gov/history/age65.html.
William Saletan, The New 65, SLATE (February 22, 2005) available at http://www.slate.com/toolbar.aspx?
action=print&id=2113883.
Colm OCinneide, Age Discrimination and the European Court of Justice: EU Equality Law Comes of Age available at
http://www.era-comm.eu/oldoku/Adiskri/08_Age/2010_09_OCinneide%20EN.pdf.

Chelsea K. Painter, Mandatory Retirement: Diminishing The Goals Of The Age Discrimination In Employment Act available
at http://louisvillelawreview.org/sites/louisvillelawreview.org/files/pdfs/printcontent/52/2/Painter.pdf.

Policy on Discrimination Against Older People Because of Age, Ontario Human Rights Commission (December 2009)
available at http://www.ohrc.on.ca/en/resources/Policies/agepolicyen/pdf.
The end of mandatory retirement (fact sheet), Ontario Human Rights Commission available at
http://www.ohrc.on.ca/en/end-mandatory-retirement-fact-sheet.
The Employment Equality (Repeal of Retirement Age Provisions) Regulations 2011 available at
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukdsi/2011/9780111507735/contents
Recruitment and Employment Law, Australian Government, Australian Law Reform Commission available at
http://www.alrc.gov.au/publications/2-recruitment-and-employment-law/compulsory-retirement.
Atsushi Seike, Japans race against the ageing clock available at http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2015/05/03/japans-raceagainst-the-ageing-clock/.
Liliane Jung, National Labour Law Profile: Japan available at http://www.ilo.org/ifpdial/information-resources/nationallabour-law-profiles/WCMS_158904/lang--en/index.htm.

Owen Haacke, Chinas Mandatory Retirement Age Changes: Impact for Foreign Companies available at
https://www.uschina.org/china%E2%80%99s-mandatory-retirement-age-changes-impact-foreign-companies
Jagadeesh Gokhale, Mandatory Retirement Age Rules: Is It Time To Re-evaluate? (September 9, 2004) available at
http://www.cato.org/publications/congressional-testimony/mandatory-retirement-age-rules-is-it-time-reevaluate#1
Retirement Under R.A. 8291 available at http://www.gsis.gov.ph/default.php?id=33.
Retirement under Presidential Decree 1146 available at http://www.gsis.gov.ph/default.php?id=38.
Retirement under Republic Act 660 available at http://www.gsis.gov.ph/default.php?id=35.
REPUBLIC ACT No. 1616 available at http://www.gsis.gov.ph/default.php?id=96.
Laws Providing For Age Limits In Government Service, Reference And Research Bureau
Legislative Research Service available at http://www.congress.gov.ph/download/researches/rrb_0301_7.pdf.