SELECTED OP AMP APPLICATION

I. OBJECTIVES
1. To explore some selected op amp applications such as, op amp voltmeter,
mixer, integrator, differentiator and rectifier.
2. To analyze mathematically and verify op amp characteristics laboratically.
II. TEST EQUIPMENT
(3) Power Supply or (1 Bipolar Power Supply and 1 Regulated Power Supply)
(1) Dual Trace Oscilloscope
(1) Function Generator
(1) Electronic Lab Console
III. PARTS NEEDED
1

(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1)

14

1k BRN.BLK.RED
13
2
7
2
1.8k BRN.GRY.RED (1)
741
12
3
6
3
3.3k ORG.ORG.RED 0.001F(102)
4
11
5.1k GRN.BRN.RED (1) 0.1 F(104) 4
5
324
LM741
5
10
5.6k GRN.BRN.RED
6
9
10k BRN.BLK.ORG (1) 2.2F
+
8
7
100k BRN.BLK.YEL
D1-D4
1M BRN.BLK.GRN
LM324
(4) 1N4148
+
IV. PROCEDURE
1. Set up the circuit of Figure 1. The universal high resistance voltmeter such as
in Figure 1 is designed solely to measure a maximum of 5V dc,5Vrms,5Vpeak,5Vpp.
The 0-1mA meter in the console will be used as voltmeter with 1mA
corresponding to of 5Vdc,5Vrms,5Vpeak, or 5Vpp, with 1V increment from 0.
Perform Table 1 by setting E to the selected voltage.

PRE

E
VALUE READ
FIGURE 1: The Universal High Resistance Voltmeter. For
Simplicity, We replaced the Rotating Switch by Push-Button
Switches.

SS

DC METER (mA)

EQUIVALENT
VOLTAGE (V)

S1
S2
S3
S4
2. Discuss the difference between E and equivalent voltage (V).
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3. OP AMP TONE MIXER. Figure 2 shows a mixer, consisting of two oscillators (U 1
and U2) and the third a mixer that mixes the tone produced by U 1 and U2
produces a tone while U2 pulses. Set up the circuit of Figure 2. Set the 3 pots
to their middle section and power on the circuit. Trace TP1, TP2, and TP3.
What arithmetic operation does a mixer such as circuit of Figure 2 exhibit?
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FIGURE 2: An Op-Amp Tone Mixer

4. INTEGRATION. An integrating circuit is shown in Figure 3. Calculate and draw

the output waveform (TP2) if the input shown is a square wave.

TP2

FIGURE 3: An Integrating Circuit

5. Set up the circuit of Figure 3. Apply the input signal with 2V p and 2kHz. Trace
the input (TP1) and output (TP2) waveforms.

6. DIFFERENTIATION. A differentiator is a circuit such as circuit in Figure 4,

whose output is a derivative function of the input. Calculate and draw the
output voltage (TP2) of the circuit in Figure 4.

TP2

FIGURE 4: Differentiator

7. Set up the circuit of Figure 4 and trace and draw the input (TP1) and output
(TP2) waveforms.

8. PRECISION RECTIFIER CIRCUITS. For precision rectifier using op-amp, the

applied signal should be greater than 1V because the diode used in rectifier
has a voltage drop, so it is important to keep the applied signal to have a
larger swing. Set up the circuit of Figure 5. Trace the input (TP1) and output
(TP2) waveforms. Indicate also their peak value.

FIGURE 5: A Positive Half-Wave Precision Rectifier Circuits

9. Set up the circuit of Figure 6 and trace the input (TP1) and output (TP2)
waveforms. Draw and indicate their peak values.

FIGURE 6: A Negative Precision Half-Wave Rectifier

10.Turn off power and return all equipment and materials to the custodian.
V. QUESTIONS TO PONDER
1. What op-amp characteristic(s) that makes it suitable for universal high
resistance voltmeter?
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2. What mathematical process or series that can be represent mixer such as
circuit of Figure 2 where two signals are mixed at the third op-amp? Hint: Use
in communication where two (sinusoidal) signals are combined in a balanced
modulator.
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3. For a constant input voltage to an integrator, why is the voltage across the
capacitor linear?
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4. What is the feedback element in a differentiator?
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5. Modify (or add element) to Figure 6 to cause the output to be a full-wave
rectifier.