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D IC
ENGINES
Assignment II
Venkatesh.S
CB.EN.U4MEE09060
The EGR valve re-circulates exhaust into the intake stream. Exhaust gases
have already combusted, so they do not burn again when they are recirculated. These gases displace some of the normal intake charge. This
chemically slows and cools the combustion process by several hundred
degrees, thus reducing NOx formation.
The exhaust gas is pumped into the combustion chamber resulting in a much
cooler combustion. And therefore, the amount of harmful gases released is
greatly reduced.
Advantages
Disadvantages
Advantages of M. P. F. I.:
1) More uniform A/F mixture will be supplied to each cylinder, hence the
difference in power developed in each cylinder is minimum. Vibration from
the engine equipped with this system is less, due to this the life of engine
components is improved.
(2) No need to crank the engine twice or thrice in case of cold starting as
happens in the carburetor system.
(3) Immediate response, in case of sudden acceleration / deceleration.
(4) Since the engine is controlled by ECM* (Engine Control Module), more
accurate amount of A/F mixture will be supplied and as a result complete
combustion will take place. This leads to effective utilization of fuel supplied
and hence low emission level.
(5) The mileage of the vehicle will be improved.
HOW IT WORKS:
Compared to a conventional port-injected petrol engine, where fuel is
injected into the inlet manifold, ahead of the inlet valves (before being
sucked into the combustion chambers), direct injection sprays the fuel
under high pressure, directly and very accurately (in timing and quantity
terms) into the combustion chamber, providing better gas flow with
optimised air/fuel mixture and greater resistance to uncontrolled combustion.
The result is higher power and lower fuel consumption.
ADVANTAGES:
Combined with ultra-precise computer management, direct injection allows
more accurate control over fuel metering (the amount of fuel injected) and
injection timing (exactly when the fuel is introduced into the cylinder). The
location of the injector also allows for a more optimal spray pattern that
breaks the gasoline up into smaller droplets. The result is more complete
combustion -- in other words, more of the gasoline is burned, which
translates to more power and less pollution from each drop of gasoline.
DISADVANTAGES:
The primary disadvantages of direct injection engines are complexity and
cost. Direct injection systems are more expensive to build because their
components must be more rugged -- they handle fuel at significantly higher
pressures than indirect injection systems and the injectors themselves must
be able to withstand the heat and pressure of combustion inside the cylinder.
dilute, premixed charge that reacts and burns volumetrically throughout the
cylinder as it is compressed by the piston. In some regards, HCCI
incorporates the best features of both spark ignition (SI) and compression
ignition (CI).
Advantages
HCCI engines can operate on gasoline, diesel fuel, and most alternative
fuels.
Disadvantages
High heat release and pressure rise rates contribute to engine wear.
The fuel is injected into each engine cylinder at a particular time interval
based on the position of moving piston inside the cylinder. In a conventional
non-CRDI system, this interval and the fuel quantity was determined by
mechanical components, but in a CRDI system this time interval and timing
etc are all controlled by a central computer or microprocessor based control
system.
A major difference between a CRDI and conventional diesel engine is the way
the fuel Injectors are controlled. In case of a conventional Engine, the fuel
injectors are controlled by mechanical components to operate the fuel
injectors. Use of these mechanical components adds additional noise as
there are many moving components in the injector mechanism of a
conventional diesel engine. In case of a CRDI engine, the fuel injectors are
operated using solenoid valves which operate on electric current and do not
require complex and noisy mechanical arrangement to operate the fuel
Injection into the cylinder. The solenoid valves are operated by the central
microprocessor of the CRDI control system based on the inputs from the
sensors used in the system.
ADVANTAGES:
CRDi engines are advantageous in many ways. Cars fitted with this engine
technology are believed to deliver 25% more power and torque than the
normal direct injection engine. It also offers superior pick up, lower levels of
noise and vibration, higher mileage, lower emissions, lower fuel
consumption, and improved performance.
In India, diesel is cheaper than petrol and this fact adds to the credibility of
the common rail direct injection system.
DISADVANTAGES:
The key disadvantage of the CRDi engine is that it is costly than the
conventional engine. The list also includes high degree of engine
maintenance and costly spare parts.
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