E-Commerce

- Commercial transactions conducted

electronically on the Internet.
- is trading in products or services using
computer networks, such as the Internet.
6 Elements in practicing Ecommerce
Ecommerce
displaying product information/pictures
clearly
offering multiple payment options
providing telephone support
including postage & GST in purchase
price
giving a money back guarantee
working on a secure platform.
Ecommerce Categories
Business - to - Business (B2B)
Business - to - Consumer (B2C)
Consumer - to - Consumer (C2C)
Consumer - to - Business (C2B)
Business - to - Government (B2G)
Government - to - Business (G2B)
Government - to - Citizen (G2C)
MANAGING DIGITAL DATA
ANALOG
Waves that illustrate the loudness of a
sound or the brightness of the colors in an
image at a given moment in time.
Analog-to-Digital Converter Chip
Converts analog signals into digital
signals.
Base Transceiver Station
A large communications tower with
antennas, amplifiers, and
receivers/transmitters.
BLUETOOTH
A type of wireless technology that uses
radio waves to transmit data over short
distances (approximately 30 feet for Bluetooth
1 and 60 feet for Bluetooth 2). Often used to
connect peripherals such as printers and
keyboards to computers or headsets to cell
phones.
CELLPHONE (Cellular Phone)
A telephone that operates over a
wireless network. Cell phones can also offer
Internet access, text messaging, personal
information management (PIM) features, and
more.
CODEC
A rule, implemented in either software
or hardware, which squeezes a given amount
of audio and video information into less space.
DATA PLAN
A connectivity plan or text messaging
plan in which data charges are separate from

cell phone calling charges and are provided at

rates different from those for voice calls.

DERIVATIVE WORK
Intellectual property that is based on an
original work but is modified in some way.
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR
A specialized chip that processes digital
information and transmits signals very quickly.
ELECTRONIC TEXT (ETEXT)
Textual information stored as digital
information so it can be stored, manipulated,
and transmitted by electronic devices.
Ereader
A device that can display etext and has
supporting tools, like note taking, bookmarks,
and integrated dictionaries.
FLASH MEMORY
Portable, nonvolatile memory.
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)
A system of 21 satellites (plus 3 working
spares), built and operated by the U.S.
military, that constantly orbit the earth. They
provide information to GPS-capable devices to
pinpoint locations on the earth.
HIGH DEFINITION (HD)
A standard of digital television signal that
guarantees a specific level of resolution and a
specific aspect ratio, which is the rectangular
shape of the image.
INTERNET TABLET
A very light, portable computing device
without a keyboard.
MICRO BROWSER
Software that makes it possible to access the
Internet from a smartphone.
MULTIMEDIA MESSAGE SERVICES (MMS)
An extension of short message service (SMS)
that enables messages that include text,
sound, images, and video clips to be sent from
a cell phone to other phones or e-mail
addresses.
NETBOOK
A computing device that runs a full-featured
operating system but weighs two pounds or
less.
PEER-TO-PEER SHARING
The process of users transferring files between
computers.
PORTABLE MEDIA PLAYER (PMP)
A small portable device (such as an iPod) that
enables you to carry your MP3s or other media
files around with you.
RESOLUTION

The clearness or sharpness of an image, which

is controlled by the number of pixels displayed
on the screen.
SHORT MESSAGE SERVICE (SMS)
Technology that enables short text messages
(up to 160 characters) to be sent over mobile
networks.
SMARTPHONE
A device that combines the functionality of a
cell phone, a PMP, and a PDA into one unit.
Smartphones have sophisticated operating
systems, Web browsers, and the capability to
run software applications.
TETHERING
Approach which makes sure that as long as
you have a 3G signal, your computer can
access the Internet even when it tells you
there are no available wireless networks.
Several smartphones offer this capability.
VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL (VoIP)
A technology that facilitates making telephone
calls across the Internet instead of using
conventional telephone lines.
WIRELESS INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER
An ISP that provides service to wireless
devices such as PDA/smartphones.
WIRELESS MARK-UP LANGUAGE (WML)
A format for writing content viewed on a
cellular phone or personal digital assistant
(PDA) that is text-based and contains no
graphics.
DATABASE MODELS
Define the logical designs of a data. The
models describes the relationships between
different parts of data.
Examples of Database Models
Hierarchical model
Network model
Relational model
Hierarchical model
In this model, each entity has only one
parent but can have several children. At the
top of hierarchy there is only one entity which
is called root.
Example of hierarchical model

Network Model

In this model, entities are organized in a

graph, in which some entities can be accessed
through several path.
Example of network model

Relational Model
In this model, data is organized in twodimensional tables called relations. The tables
or relations are related to eahc other.
Example of relational model

Components of DBMS
Hardware
The physical computer system
that allows physical access to
data
Software
The actual program that allows
users to access, maintain, and
update physical data
Data: stored physically on the storage
devices
User: include end users and application
programs
Procedure
A set of procedures (rules) that
should be clearly defined and
followed by the users of the
database
Relational Operations
Select (originally called restrict)
Project
Union
Intersect
Difference
Divide
Database Architecture
Internal level
The internal level determines
where data are actually stored on
the storage device

Conceptual level
The conceptual level defines the
logical view of the data

External level
The external level interacts
directly with the user