Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Accuracy and Clarity: build trust, the authors verify facts and figures, clarify
concepts and develop complete pictures of up to date information. When writing
for younger students who are limited in experience, vocabulary and knowledge of
concepts, authors often find it necessary to omit material. When they do this,
their obligation is omit nothing that is of major importance. The text does not
have to be comprehensive but it must cover the major points or it will have the
same effect of being inaccurate.
Accuracy is one of the most important criteria for judging a non-fiction book and
today there has never been a greater need for accurate information than ever
before to help counter-act widely disseminated misinformation .
Consider also that the text indicates opinion and argument, use of clue/signal
words.
Literary style: has the author chosen a literary style that suits the subject or
theme and the intended audience? Has the writing style bought the subject to
life? The writing needs to be clear and interesting. Non-fiction can be dull!! Use of
tone, sometimes humour without being silly or condescending. Could this book be
read aloud? Information should be written in a straight forward fashion –notes
from handout sheet.
• Vocabulary – tone –appropriate for subject matter
• Writing style to suit theme, topic and audience
• Presentation of principles, theories, concepts, interpretations and
evaluations
• Clear delineation between fact, theory or opinion (look for clue words)
• Multilayered content
The book must grab and hold the student for whatever purpose the student is
using the book for. Natural curiosity is held by powerfully presented information.
Show respect for the student who is going to read the book.
Provides for depth and breadth of information and open ways for further
inquiry
Questions grow as answers lead to new questions! Read about all aspects of a
topic (including Fiction) Again curiosity.
Provides models for concise writing Excellent source of models to support
literacy programmes, all kinds of writing, look at different ways models can be
used and how lateral thinking about your choice of books can add value to what
you are teaching and trying to achieve, use National Library collection – see slide
further on and displays.
Stephen Krashen ‘Writing style does not come from actual writing
experience, but from reading.’
Reading aloud
How about that for an idea??!! Reading aloud around a topic, reading aloud to
give emphasis on part of a topic, reading aloud to support learning e.g. with
younger readers and learners, reading aloud for enjoyment.
A science teacher reading aloud articles related to a topic.
A history teacher reading aloud from a primary source e.g. letters, journals,
diaries to give information, to collect/confirm information, to give
colour/atmosphere to a topic.
The teacher/librarian reading aloud can be the bridge between the text and the
students as above with younger students but also with groups of older students
who are not able readers or students who are learning to speak and read another
language.
Reading aloud also provides the teacher with opportunity to point out concepts,
facts and how the information is organised.
American study 1985 Becoming a nation of readers, among its primary findings
two points were very clearly exposed:
• The single most important activity for building the knowledge required for
eventual success in reading is reading aloud to children
• It is a practice that should continue throughout the grades.
Stephen Krashen notes short term studies show that children make significant
increases in vocabulary after just a few hearings of studies containing unfamiliar
words. Another reason for reading aloud.
Boys
There’s a lot said and speculated about boys and reading and the media always
seems to be having something to say about boys and their schooling!
James Moloney states It has long been observed that many boys are attracted to
non-fiction books or, as we often call them now, information books.
Boys are drawn to books with facts, figures and information. They like to appear
knowledgeable! Boys use non-fiction books in a random fashion prompted by no
more than a fascination for information and detail. Information is FUN!
Information in bite-sized pieces, easily understood and recalled.
Boys browse non-fiction, dipping in and out of the book. Publishers have come to
recognise this with the design and illustration in the books now being produced.
Boys browse together, earlier reference to gang reading, fascination a boy feels
for the snippets of information he is collecting demands sharing – they read aloud
to each other!! Non-fiction would seem to be designed for boys!
Interests sparked by non-fiction can lead on to lifelong passions and hobbies and
may well influence career choices.
Expands vocabulary
A controlled vocabulary maybe helpful for the beginning reader but there should
be the challenge of new words and technical terms to match the subject area,
working from the familiar to the unfamiliar and more complex therefore
expanding vocabularies.
What kinds of words and sentences are used to get the ideas across to younger
readers? (If you are using a non-fiction resources with younger readers and you
should be!) No substituting terms with simplified terminology!! This is teaching
inaccurate terminology and does not respect the ability of the reader.
Absolutely no ‘dumbing down’ of language or terms, no anthropomorphism !! (will
be discussed later on in the attributes of quality non-fiction)