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INTRODUCTION:
Modern industrialization , globalization , industries and commercial sector growth is at
maximum ,the power requirement for these fields also increases day by day and the problems at
energy management also has increased a lot. The method shown here is implementing an
effective energy management with safety parameters which safeguard the energy meter,
consumer loads and prevent the overall theft attempts using microcontroller and GSM
technology all the applications are implemented.
LITERTURE SUREVEY:
Many developing countries faces widespread of electricity from government owned power
utilities(In Karnataka like HESCOM, BESCOM,JESCOMetc). Electric theft is the social evil in
india and around the world. In india electricity theft leads to annual loss estimated to be 4.5
billion US dollar (that is 1.5 percent of GDP) . Distribution of electricity involves significant
Technical as well as Non-Technical Losses (NTL).Illegal consumption of electricity or electricity
theft constitutes a major share of NTL. Withthe advent of advanced metering technologies that is
SMART METER real-time energy consumption data will be available at the provider
end(MAIN OFFICE) which can be used to detect illegal consumers. According to source 20%
losses means the people in india would have to pay extra 20% in terms of electricity tariffs.
India has been facing growing shortages over past years.
During the year 2010-11
Average energy shortage :73 billion kWh(10% of total production).
During the year 2012-13
Average energy shortage :83 billion kWh(10% of total production).
During the year 2013-14
Average energy shortage :81 billion kWh(10% of total production).
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
For industrial ,commercial and domestic energy measurement the energy meter used either
analog or electronic type but certain parameters like safety management and power theft cannot
be prevented. Power theft monitoring and detection is very difficult task and intimating to the
authority is also difficult. Power theft and safety measures is a major problem faced in energy
sector this problem can be solved by SMART E-METER.
METHODOLOGY:
BLOCK DIAGRAM :
INPUT
OUTPUT
CURRENT
CURRENT
SENSING
SENSING
DIFFERENTIAL
SEAL
BREAK
AMPLIFIER
SENSE
SWITCH
GSMSERIAL
MODEM
INTERFACE
ENERGY METER
Microcontroller
89V51RD2
RELAY AT I/P
LOAD
OVER VOLTAGE
DETECTION
Unit at main
OVERLOAD
DETECTION
BUZZER
MOBILE UNIT
theft. The method shown here detects the input current before energy meter and also detects the
current after energy meter. The Hall Effect sensor which made with many discrete components
and arranged as a module. The module Provides up to 3000 VRMS galvanic isolation. The lowprofile, small form factor packages are ideal for reducing PCB area over sense resistor op-amp or
bulky current transformer configurations. The low resistance internal conductor allows for
sensing up to 20 A continuous current. Providing typical output error of 1%. The module
generates a voltage corresponding to the current variations.
DIFFERNITAL AMPLIFIER:
The differential amplifier or comparator is designed with op-amp and the two outputs from
current sensing devices are connected to the comparator input. The comparator is arranged and
calibrated in such a way that both the i/p and o/p currents should be equal nothing but the power
used before the meter should equal to the power used after meter also. In case of difference in at
inputs generates the difference logical o/p.
MICROCONTROLLER:
The microcontroller used here is 89C52 40 pin DIP with inbuilt 64k flash memory with 4 I/O
ports and 3 timers, and a serial port communicate with MAX 232 interface with serial protocol
with TX and RX pins which are at port 3.
placed down side of the seal as the person trying to break and open the cover the switch closes
and sends a control logic signal to microcontroller. The microcontroller further sends this
information to the electricity board along with the complete details of consumer with the help of
GSM modem and the authority can take further actions.
RELAY INTERFACE:
The switching unit consists of relay, Relay is an electromechanical switch & it works on the
principle of energizing an electromagnet. It consists of primary coil, 2 contacts one is normally
open contact NO & the other is normally closed contact NC& pole normally identified a
common. The input for the relay coil can be connected to the required DC coil energizing voltage
from its COM, N/O and N/C terminal any device of any voltage can be connect for switching
actions.
levels by using the standard AT (attention) commands. The modem is fully type-approved, it can
speed up the operational time with full range of Voice, Data, Fax and Short Messages (Point to
Point and Cell Broadcast). The modem interface to microcontroller through MAX 232 IC which
is a level converter from TTL to the standards of GSM modem. The roles of GSM here is build
up a communication between user electricity board and microcontroller like receiving requests
and pass it to microcontroller and pick the data from controller and send it back. And also
perform certain functions like disabling meter etc.
referred to fixed positive voltage regulator, which provides fixed voltage 5 volts. The 7805
regulator is known as fixed voltage regulator.
Fixed Voltage regulator design has been greatly simplified by the introduction of 3terminal regulator ICs such as the 78xx series of positive regulators and the 79xxx series of
negative regulators, which incorporate features such as built-in fold back current limiting and
thermal protection, etc. These ICs are available with a variety of current and output voltages
ratings, as indicated by the xxx suffix; current ratings are indicated by the first part of the suffix
and the voltage ratings by the last two parts of the suffix. Thus, a 7805 device gives a 5V positive
output at a 1mA rating, and a 79L15 device gives a 15V negative output at a 100mA .
3-terminal regulators are very easy to use. The regulators ICs typically give about
60dB of ripple rejection, so 1V of input ripple appears as a mere 1mV of ripple on the regulated
out.
A rectified filter and unregulated DC voltage is given to pin of IC regulator. A bypass capacitor
is connected between input and ground to bypass the ripples and oscillations. The output
capacitor is connected between output and ground to improve transient response. The
unregulated input is applied to the IC must be always more than the regulated output.
The regulated 5v power supply is connected to microcontroller, timer, op amps or other circuits
of the project.
EXPECTED RESULT:
Protect over the seal break or malfunction situation and to solve a problem of overload, cutoff or
turn on the meter connection and read the status of meter and to detect and monitor the power
theft .
COMPONENTS USED:
Microcontroller
Power Supply
GSM modem
MAX-232
RELAY
ENERGY METER
SOFTWARES USED:
For doing this project we use some of the software like
KEIL - Embedded C for programming the application software to the microcontroller.
Express PCB software is used for designing the PCB for this project.
APPLICATIONS/ADVANTAGES:
Detection of energy tapping with i/p and o/p meter current technique and messaging
Seal break detection and messaging
REFERNCES:
[1] Amar Pawade and Nadeem Shaikh , A distributed approach for power theft prevention,
Department of Electronics,MHSSCOE.
[2] M. Etezadi-Amoli and K. Choma,Electrical performance characteristics of a distribution
transformer," in IEEE-Power Engineering Soc. Winter Meeting, vol. 2, 2001, pp. 736740
[3] ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY VOL-II by B.L. THAREJA .