Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
By
ABDULLAH TAHIR
Reg. No.92044
USMAN ALI
Reg. No.92093
Copyright
2013 by FUUAST
All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part in any form requires the prior
written permission of Group members (as mention above) or designated
representative.
ii
Dedication
iii
Supervisor:
Internal Examiner:
--------------------------
Professor
Dept. of Electrical Engineering
Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science, and Technology, Islamabad
External Examiner:
Head of Department:
iv
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Many of our friends and our lab engineers support us in our project. We got extra
literature related with our project from them.
I wish to express my appreciation to my project supervisor Engr. Muhammad Saeed,
who provided many valuable suggestions and constructive criticism that greatly
influenced this project.
DECLARATION
It is declared that the work entitled MULTIBAND JAMMER presented in
this report is an original piece of my own work, except where otherwise
acknowledged in text and references. This work has not been submitted in any form
for another degree or diploma at any university or other institution for tertiary
education and shall not be submitted by me in future for obtaining any degree from
this or any other University or Institution.
MUHAMMAD NAOU BAHAR
Reg. No.92036
ABDULLAH TAHIR
Reg. No. 92044
USMAN ALI
Reg. No.92093
July 2013
PREFACE
Project is important in the curriculum for those students who are studying professional
education. Its successful is very important.
The study remains incomplete without the useful/practical knowledge. Academic
knowledge is not sufficient so one requires practical knowledge also. So it is
important for every student to undertake a project.
Now days in the competitive age having a different perspective providing a
Leading edge .Electronics projects provides insight to students about the way the
Work is done in industries. It helps in systematically aligning students with the work
Culture of Practical Area.
ABSTRACT
Now days, privacy is a serious issue due to rapid growth in mobile
communication; Mobile phones became a part of our life, even if we are in
meeting, public library, schools, and Conference centers which interrupt the
privacy. Moreover there is high chance of surprises leakage of defense
meeting and terrorists use technological tools for terrorist activities.
This report contained a concise design of multiband mobile phone jammer that
could jam the signals by providing a dead zone to the communication media
and that can also be used by special personalities while travelling to any
other place to protect from any terrorist activities.
This project completed in two steps:
Step 1: Study the best and cost effective jamming technique, establishing the
system design and select suitable components.
Step 2: Buying the components, drawing the simulations, fabricate the
components, taking measurements and testing of multiband jammer.
At the end this designed jammer was successful in jamming the FM, AM, TV
channels and GSM-signals at the end of report.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgment.....................................................................................................v
Declaration..............................................................................................................vi
Prefacevii
Abstract.................... viii
Table of Contents....................................................................................................ix
List of Figures.........................................................................................................xi
List of Tables.........................................................................................................xiii
List of Acronyms/Abbreviations...........................................................................xiv
Chapter 1
Introduction and Jamming Histroy.....................................2
1.1
History of jamming.3
1.2
1.3
1.4
Chapter 2
Literature review...................................................................6
Chapter 3
Tools and techniques ............................................8
3.1
Jamming Techniques....................................................................................8
3.2
3.1
3.2
Distance to be jammed...11
3.3
Jamming-to-signal ratio...11
3.4
3.5
Power calculations..12
Chapter 4
Methodologies and Implementation..................................14
4.1
Circuit Analysis.17
Chapter 5
Results and Analysis
5.1
Hardware Results........................................................................42
Chapter 6
Conclusion...........................................................................50
References............................................................................50
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure-2.1 Figure Caption.......................................................................................6
Figure-3.1 Figure Caption.......................................................................................9
Figure-4.1 Figure Caption.....................................................................................15
Figure-4.2 Figure Caption.....................................................................................16
Figure-4.3 Figure Caption.....................................................................................17
Figure-4.4 Figure Caption.....................................................................................17
Figure-4.5 Figure Caption.....................................................................................18
Figure-4.6 Figure Caption.....................................................................................19
Figure-4.7 Figure Caption.....................................................................................20
Figure-4.8 Figure Caption.....................................................................................21
Figure-4.9 Figure Caption.....................................................................................22
Figure-4.10 Figure Caption...................................................................................23
Figure-4.11 Figure Caption...................................................................................24
Figure-4.12 Figure Caption...................................................................................25
Figure-4.13 Figure Caption...................................................................................26
Figure-4.14 Figure Caption...................................................................................26
Figure-4.15 Figure Caption...................................................................................27
Figure-4.16 Figure Caption...................................................................................28
Figure-4.17 Figure Caption...................................................................................28
Figure-4.18 Figure Caption...................................................................................29
Figure-4.19 Figure Caption...................................................................................29
Figure-4.20 Figure Caption...................................................................................30
Figure-4.21 Figure Caption...................................................................................31
Figure-4.22 Figure Caption...................................................................................31
Figure-4.23 Figure Caption...................................................................................32
Figure-4.24 Figure Caption...................................................................................32
Figure-4.25 Figure Caption...................................................................................33
Figure-4.26 Figure Caption...................................................................................34
Figure-4.27 Figure Caption...................................................................................35
Figure-4.28 Figure Caption...................................................................................36
Figure-4.29 Figure Caption...................................................................................38
LIST OF TABLES
Table-3.1 Caption of table.....................................................................................10
Table-3.2 Caption of table.....................................................................................10
Table-4.1 Caption of table.....................................................................................33
Table-4.1 Caption of table........................................................................................4
LIST OF ACRONYMS
FUUAST
FYP
GSM
EMI
PTA
SNR
RF
Radio Frequency
AC
Alternating Current
DC
Direct Current
VHF
IF
Intermediate Frequency
Chapter 1
1.1 Introduction
With so many people using cell Mobiles phones now days, one of the measures that
have popped- up on the market are cell phone jammers.
So, for those people that are tired of hearing endless cell phone conversations or
constantly being interrupted by incessant cell phone ring tones, a cell phone jammer
seems like the perfect device.
As with other radio jamming, cell phone jammers block cell phone use by sending out
radio waves along the same frequencies that cellular phones operate on. It causes
enough nosiness with the communication between cell phones and towers to render so
that the phones are becomes unused able. On the Mobile phones, the network simply
appears as out of range. Cell phones use different bands to send and receive
communications from towers. Jammers work by either disrupting phone to tower
frequencies or tower to phone frequencies. Type A Jammer block all bands from
40MHz to 1900MHz within a 15-foot range (5 meters). Small devices tend to use the
previous method, in which larger more costly models may interfere directly with the
tower. The distance of jamming can range from a dozen feet for pocket models to
kilometers for more dedicated units.
Older jammers sometimes were limited to working on phones using only analoge or
older digital mobile phone principles. Latest Jammer such as the double and triple
band jammers can block all widely used GSM Networks and are even very effective
against newer phones which hop to different frequencies and systems when interfered
with. Due to the principal network technology and frequencies used for mobile
phones vary worldwide; some work only in particular countries like Europe, North
America or Pakistan.
The effect of Jammer can vary widely that depend on factors such as proximity to
towers, indoor and outdoor settings, presence of buildings and landscape, even
temperature and humidity play a role.
Certain parts of the world were more impacted by these broadcasting practices than
others
Chapter 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
Figure 2.1
On the other hand everything has two expects one is good and other is bad and we as
an engineer have to rectify that bad expects.
Cell phone use has increased so much that almost every person has one in his pocket
and also using it in prohibited areas, where mobile phone use is not allowed. As in the
library, colleges, army area, mosques etc. To stop the use of mobile in these areas we
made this device naming Mobile phone jammer to prevent the use of Mobile in these
areas.
CHAPTER 3
B. Type B Device
As type A, Type B devices are not communicating/transmitting a signal that interface
with cell phone. Such type of devices when placed in a selected area, play a role of
detector.
There is a specific in such devices ID for communicating with the base station (BS).
C. Type C Device
Type C devices are not transmitting a signal which will interface with on the
switching frequencies. When such types of devices are located in a specific area,
perform work as a beacon and are capable jamming/disabling a particular
application of cell phone inside the beacon coverage area.
D. Type D Device
This type of jammer behaves as a mini base station, which can communicate wisely or
stupidly to the mobile phone. These devices are in receiving mode of operation and
wisely choose to interrelate and block the cell phone directly if it is surrounded by
proximity of the jammer.
E. Type E Device
This technique is using electromagnetic interference (EMI) mechanism to make a
room that is known as Faraday cage'. This faraday cage blocks all electromagnetic
radiation entering or leaving the room.
Figure 3.1
The frequency of the transmitted signal will cover following frequency ranges.
GSM 900
GSM 1800
Uplink
Downlink
890MHz-915MHz
925MHz-960MHz
Uplink
Downlink
1710MHz-1780MHz
1805MHz-1880MHz
Table 4.1
Since our project is MULTIBAND JAMMER
So other bands covered by jammer by transmitting frequencies are as follow.
Device Name whose Frequency to be Band
jammed
FM
60MHz-130MHz
TV(Cable)
TV(Cable)
TV(Cable)
J/s=PjGjrGrjR^2trLrBr/PtGtrGrtR^2jrLjBj
Here f is the frequency in MHz, andd is the distance in kilometers. Using the
GSM900 resonant frequency (915MHz) and a jamming radius of 5m, we get the value
of path 65.64dBm. This path loss is for free space only, and the path losses in air will
be greater. This means that the jamming radius will be less than the 5m used to
calculate this value.
Free space loss F =Path loss (dB) =32.44+20log d (0.05) +20log f (915)
F=65.64
Summary
So there are different methods /techniques of jamming as described above. We have
implemented type A because it is simple and easy to make such type jammer. Others
are complex and their components availability is difficult.
After selection of type we decide other jamming design parameters those are
important for designing jammer, due to Law enforcement and device working.
Chapter 4
Figure 4.1
Circuit Diagram
Figure 4.2
220VAC
Step down
Transformer
Bridge
Rectifier
Filter
Figure 4.3
Transformer
A 12V AC Step down Transformer is used to convert 220V into 12V DC.
Figure 4.4
DC
O/P
Rectifier
We used a Bridge rectifier for converting Ac voltages into DC.
Figure 4.5
Bridge Rectifier has two types:
i) Half wave bridge rectifier
ii) Full wave bridge rectifier
In half Wave Bridge rectifier only positive cycle pass and negative blocked.
In full wave bridge rectifier both positive and negative cycle of AC passed.
Filter
Filter is used to remove ripple factor in DC part, to make it pure DC.
We used a 2200uf capacitor for this purpose.
Following figure shows the half and full wave bridge rectifier.
Figure 4.6
Pin configuration
Figure 4.7
Characteristics
It is a stable device and can operate at 4 to 15 volts easily. It can be replaced by SE
555 and NE 555. It is avail in eight pin package IC. It is used pulse generation, pulse
modulation, time delay, pulse position modulation.
Modes of Operations
It has two modes of operations
i) Mono stable only positive cycle or there is only high output.
ii) A stable in which both +ve & -ve cycles comes on output.
So we have used As table operation due to generating continues triangular wave form.
Figure 4.8
The main component of the A stable mode of NE555 is the capacitor. In A stable
mode it can divide into two parts charging and discharging of a capacitor, repeat
continuously. The charging and discharging of a capacitor through resistors connected
either to Vcc.
Figure 4.9
Stage1
At first stage Supply Voltage (Vcc) is applied, this time the capacitor is empty and
there is practically no charge on the capacitor because, the lower comparator of the
timer has more negative input than the positive of it. That creates a signal to the
output of the comparator which set the flip flop. This leads to the high output of the
Timer.
Figure 4.10
Stage2
At second stage, the capacitor's charging increases. The output of the Timer is high,
because of the latch of flip flop. But the output of the lower comparator is low.
Figure 4.11
Stage3:
At third stage, the capacitor is charged up to 2/3 of the Vcc voltage. At this stage, the
upper comparator's positive input is more than its negative input. The output of the
upper comparator is now become high and will cause the reset of 'Flip Flop'. The
Timer's output will now become low.
Figure 4.12
Stage4
When the preceding procedure occurs, the output of the Timer becomes low due to the
reset of 'Flip Flop' of upper comparator.
Now the negative output Q (bar) will become active. This will give a signal to the
base of transistor so that the pin7 becomes input of the Timer. Now the transistor
conducts through collector and emitter, and finally the capacitor starts discharging.
These phenomena of charging and discharging of capacitor will continue and a
triangular wave is generated due to the charging and discharging of capacitor. This
triangular wave is basically our Noise signal.
Figure 4.13
Output of LM 555
This figure shows the output of LM 555 timer on oscilloscope it is a saw tooth wave
form.
Figure 4.14
Figure 4.15
Noise Amplification
For noise amplification we used LM386. It has following pin configuration and
characteristics.
Figure 4.16
Characteristics
Low voltage consumption high frequency power amplifier.it has low quiescent current
and voltages.
It has voltage gain from 20 to 200 dB and low distortion.
It is used as RF Power Amplifiers on VHF Band Mobile, AM-FM Radio Applications
and TV sound system.
LM386 has different pin connection for obtaining different gain. Since in jammer we
have required maximum gain so if its pin eight and one are common through a
capacitor then it gives high gain 200dB.
Following figure shows this high gain pin confectioning.
Figure 4.17
THE RF-SECTION
RF Section is the most important part of jammer device; because the output of RF
section interferes with the cell phone.
The RF-section consists of
(1) RF amplifier
(2)
(3)
Oscillator
Antenna
Figure 4.20
Above circuit have four main parts
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Regulated circuit
RF amplifier
LC circuit
Leakage resistor
Regulated circuit
Behind the transistor is the regulated circuit which is to make the input according to in
input of transistor. So that the signal coming from IF section is input of RF section
this regulated circuit will make that input according to transistor.
Figure 4.21
RF Amplifier
We used a 2SC1970 transistor as RF amplifier, Intermediate frequency is given at the
base and output is taken from collector which is given to an oscillator circuit for
amplification.
Figure
4.22
It has following main characteristics
Tanks Circuit
The combination of capacitor and inductor that exchange energy back and forth is
called Tank circuit. An inductor stores energy as a magnetic field and a capacitor
stores energy as an electric field. The exchange of energy between them would go on
forever; but we need a refilling signal practically. By choosing the suitable values of
components, the frequency or energy of exchange can be obtained.
Figure 4.23
Above is the tanks circuit which we have used in our project. And we use 12V DC
power supply to refill the signal or continue oscillation.
LC circuits
A capacitor is used to stores energy in electric field between its plates, which depend
on the voltage across it; on the other hand an inductor is used to stores energy in
magnetic field that depends on the current flowing through the inductor. If a capacitor
is charged and connected across an inductor charge will flow through the inductor and
generate a magnetic field around the inductor, and reduce the voltage on the capacitor.
Until the capacitor completely discharge. The current will flow because inductors
resist change in current and energy will discharge from the magnetic field to keep the
current flow. This flow of current will charge the capacitor with a voltage of opposite
polarity. When the magnetic field is totally dissipated the current will stop and the
charge stored in the capacitor will flow through the inductor with the opposite polarity
and the cycle is completed.
Figure 4.24
Resonance effect
The resonance effect takes place when inductive reactance and capacitive reactance
are equal in value. Resonance is the effect in a system to produce oscillation at larger
amplitude at certain frequencies than other frequencies. These frequencies are the
resonant frequencies
Resonant frequency is given by
W=1/2pi*under root LC
Where
L is the inductance in H
C is the capacitance in F
W is the Angular frequency.
F=omega/2pi=w/2pi= W=1/2pi*under root LC
The value of C and L for required band are given below
Sr.No
Central
frequency
Band
width
Inductance
nH
BAND1
Frequency
Range in
MHz
60 130
fc=95MHZ
35
BAND2
160 230
20
35
BAND3
370 450
fc=195MH
Z
fc=410MH
Z
BW=
70MHZ
BW=
70MHZ
BW=
80MHZ
Capacitanc
e
pF
35
25
BAND4
680 770
BAND5
870 960
BAND6
1770 1860
fc=725MH
Z
fc=905MH
Z
fc=1715M
HZ
BW=
90MHZ
BW=
90MHZ
BW=
90MHZ
12
7.7
8.3
Figure 4.25
Leakage
Resistors
Figure 4.26
Leakage current is the major drawback in any circuit; from these resistors we can
prevent leakage current. Leakage is the gradual loss of energy from a charged
capacitor. It is caused by electronic devices that attached to the capacitors, like a
transistors, these devices conduct a low value current even when they are turned off.
This current is called off current, because of this current less magnitude current pass
through the device when it is on; this current still discharges the capacitor. There is
another kind of leakage which is called dielectric leakage, contributor due to the
imperfection of some dielectric materials used in capacitors, due to this dielectric
material having some non-zero conductivity which causes the leakage of current from
the capacitor and capacitor discharged. If these resistors are not used in circuit then
this leakage current will disturb the output of the circuit and also disturb the output
frequency
Antenna:
An aerial/antenna is a transducer made to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves
or convert electromagnetic waves into electrical currents and so on. Aerial/ Antennas
are used in radio and television distribution, steeplechase radio communication,
wireless LAN, radar etc.. . Antennas frequently work in air but can also be run under
water or soil and rock at certain frequencies for specific distances.
Antenna is important for each wireless system and our jammer is also transmitting
frequencies in air that is why we also need an antenna for this reason. A suitable
antenna is required to transmit the jamming signal magnificently. In order to have
optimal power transfer, the antenna system must be corresponding to the transmission
system. In our project, we used six (6) antennas, with fifty i/p impedance so that the
antennas are matched to the system. We used monopole antenna later the radiation
pattern is Omni-directional.
Specifications:
Frequency: 40Hz-1GHz
Length=234/f
Input impedance 50
VSWR<2
Figure 4.27
Voltage flow
Following figure showing the voltage flow through each component, so circuit is
completely checked.
Figure 4.28
Current flow
Following figure is showing the current flowing through each component. The green
line is showing the flow of current through each component.
Figure 4.29
Figure 4.30
Summary
A triangular wave is generated and is amplified which is used as noise or as
intermediate frequency. We used 555 time IC for creating noise of 104 kHz
frequency. This noise is then amplified by LM386 and fed at the base of 2SC1970
which is NPN silicon RF amplifier. The output of this amplifier from collector is
given to oscillator circuit and amplified and transmitted through omni directional
antenna.
Chapter 5
5.1 Result
As we tested our jamming device, the consequence was a full achievement. The
expedient was able to jam all the systems. The actual jamming range was between 5
meters. This is more than what it was intended for. The reason is that in our controls,
we measured the worst case of having the cell phone close to the base station. It is
predictable that as the distance between the cell phone and the base station increases,
the real jamming distance will increase. This is due to the datum that the amount of
power reaching the cell phone from the base station reductions as the cell phone
moves past from the base station. The Number displays the consequences. It can be
obviously seen that the signal is "ON" when the jammer is "OFF", while the signal
vanishes when the jammer is "ON".
Jammer off
Jammer on
Figure 5.2
Jammer off
Jammer on
Figure 5.3
Jammer off
Jammer on
Figure 5.4
Jammer off
Jammer on
FM radio testing
We test the jammer for FM. when jammer is off the FM is on and when jammer is on
then it starts tuning as shown in following figures.
Figure 5.5
Jammer off
Jammer on
Applications
Multiband Jammer is widely used in the offices, Conference rooms, Police, Army and in all
that places where security is required.
Some of the common applications of Jammer are as under:
Meeting and Conference Rooms.
By Millitary forces against enemies.
By Police against terrorists, thieves and robbers etc.
Masjids for creating silence.
In Jail against prisoners communication.
Hospitals to make doctors attention only for patients.
Examination Halls to avoid cheating.
Oil and Gas Storage/Pumps.
Factories where usage of the mobile phone is prohibited.
ClassRooms to make students focusing on study.
In libraries to create silence.
At Homes to save from youngsters the access use of mobile phones.
Applications
Following figure showing the practiacl applications of cell phones jammer.
Figure 5.6
Chapter 6
Conclusion..
6.1 Consluion
Every technology has its own merits and demerits.it depends upon users how he uses
it.
Mobile phones jamming is technolgy which is used to jammng cell phones.
We have designed a mobile phone jammer which simplest to operate and have very
low cost.
Through this project we learned about single stage passive components and their
working in detail.we have also got a lot knowledge about wierless communication and
mobile phones technology especially about GSM.
Law prohibits the use of jammer because it blocks signal and funcitoning of device
stops.for example jammer can stop the working of GSM alarm installed in industry or
at home for security purpose.So we should use jammer for good purpose not for bad
ones.
References
[1] Randall K. Nichols, Wireless Security, Tata McGraw-Hill Edition 2006
[2] Richard A.Poisel, Modern Communications Jamming: Principles and Techniques,
http:// books.google.com.pk
[3] John L. B. Walker, Handbook of RF and Microwave Power Amplifier, Cambridge
University Press, 2012
[4] Luis Moura, Introduction to Linear Circuit Analysis and Modelling: From DC to
RF, http:// books.google.com.pk
[5] ARTCON 2010, Advances in Recent Trends in Communication and Network,
Allied Publishers, Printing Division, Maya Puri, New Delhi, 2010
[6] Intellin Organization, Electronic Circuits, USA, 2008
[7] Marian K. Kazimierczuk, RF Power Amplifiers, John Wiley and Sons, United
Kingdom, 2008
[8] http://en.wikipedia.org
[9] http://www.seminarsonly.com
[10] http://dtzone.com/electronics
[11] http://ieeexplore.ieee.org
[12] NE555 Complete Data Sheet
[13] LM386 Complete Data Sheet
[14] 2SC1970 Complete Data sheet
[15] http://hem.passagen.se
[16] http://electroschematics.com
[17] http://allaboutcircuits.com